ALBERT

Description: Glacier surface velocities are measured on four neighbouring glaciers in the Ötztal Alps (Austria). Measurements of the annual horizontal flow velocity (Δs/a [m/a]) on Hintereisferner (HEF) were started in 1885 at stone lines (cross-profiles). Annual values for the stone lines are given as mean values from the stones at the cross-profiles. On Kesselwandferner, the annual horizontal (Δs/a [m/a]) and vertical velocities (Δv/a [m/a], positive upwards and negative downwards) are measured at ablation and accumulation stakes since 1965. On Taschachferner (TSF) and Gepatschferner (GPF), the records of annual and subseasonal horizontal flow velocities at ablation stakes were started in 2009. The data series continues annually, see: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.928360.

Description: The annual glacier mass balance of Hallstätter Gletscher in Austria is measured since 2006-10-01 with the direct glaciological method in the fixed date system (1st October to 30th September of the following year). The accumulation of snow is measured by determination of the water equivalent in 6 snow pits, the ice ablation is measured with 15 stakes drilled into the ice. Results are the annual net mass balance in kg, the total accumulation and ablation, the glacier area and the portions of the area which are subject to ablation and accumulation, the elevation of the equilibrium line and the specific mass balance in kg/m**2 (= mm w.e.). The accumulation during the winter is determined by the 1st May. The project is funded by the Amt der Oberösterreichischen Landesregierung and the Energie AG. The measurements are carried out by the Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (http://www.mountainresearch.at/index.php/en/) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the company Blue Sky in Gmunden, Austria. New data will be added every year.

Description: Surface velocities have been regularly monitored at the rock glacier in Outer Hochebenkar, Ötztal Alps, Austria since the early 1950s. This study provides an update to previously published surface velocity time series, showing mean profile velocities of four cross profiles since the beginning of the measurements (1951,1954, 1997; depending on the profile), as well as single block displacements from 1998 to 2015. Profiles P1, P2 and P3 have moved between 42 and 90 m, at mean velocities between 0.70 and 1.48 m/yr, since they were first established in the early 1950s (1951/54). Profile P0, established in 1997, has since moved 13 m or 0.75 m/yr. An acceleration can be observed at all profiles since the late 1990s, with a particularly sharp velocity increase since 2010. All profiles reached a new maximum velocity in 2015, with 1.98 m/yr at the slowest profile (P0) and 6.37 m/yr at the fastest profile (P1). Year-to-year variations in profile velocities cannot be clearly attributed to inter-annual variations of climatic parameters like mean annual air temperature, summer temperature, positive degree days, or precipitation. However, higher correlation is found between velocities and cumulative anomalies of air temperature (mean annual air temperature and positive degree days) and summer precipitation, suggesting that these parameters play a key role for the movement of the rock glacier. The lower profiles (P0, P1) show more pronounced year-to-year variations than the upper profiles (P2, P3). It is considered likely that processes other than climatic forcing (e.g. sliding, topography) contribute to the different velocity patterns at the four profiles. The data series continues annually, see: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.928244