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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases  (5)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring  (2)
  • Agu  (3)
  • Birkhauser  (2)
  • Birkhauser Verlag, Basel  (2)
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009  (7)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009  (7)
Year
  • 1
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    A warning system for Stromboli volcano based on statistical analysis (2008)
    Birkhauser Verlag, Basel
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we describe a warning system based on statistical analysis for the purpose of monitoring ground deformation at the Sciara del Fuoco (Stromboli volcano, Sicily). After a statistical analysis of ground deformation time-series measured at Stromboli by the monitoring system known as THEODOROS (THEOdolite and Distancemeter Robot Observatory of Stromboli), the paper describes the solution adopted for implementing the warning system. A robust statistical index has been defined in order to evaluate the movements of the area. A fuzzy approach has been proposed to evaluate an AI (Alarm Intensity) index which gives an indication of the level of hazard of the Sciara del Fuoco sliding.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1619–1641
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; warning system ; fuzzy logic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Influence of carbon dioxide on the large-scale dynamics of magmatic eruptions at Phlegrean Fields (Italy) (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Carbon dioxide is the second most abundant volatile species in magmas after water (Johnson et al., 1994) but its role on eruption dynamics is still largely unknown. The effects of the presence of CO2 in the Agnano Monte Spina eruption (4100 BP, Phlegrean Fields, Italy) are here evaluated by simulating the eruption dynamics from the base of the volcanic conduit up into the atmosphere. The numerical simulations consider multiphase flow dynamics and couple the steady-state, one-dimensional magma ascent model of Papale (2001) and the transient, axisymmetric pyroclast dispersal model of Neri et al. (2003). The main input parameters of the models were based on eruptive conditions estimated from the deposits. A parametric study has been performed on H2O and CO2 concentrations in the erupted magma. The addition of CO2 results in increased volatile saturation pressure and complex non-linear changes in the conduit flow. Nonetheless, within the range of conditions explored, this volatile scarcely affects the eruption style and dynamics in the atmosphere, which are principally controlled by the H2O content. The different roles of the two volatiles in the large-scale eruption dynamics are mostly the result of the competing changes induced by CO2 on vent conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06318
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: carbon dioxide ; Phlegrean Fields ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Fault-controlled soil CO2 degassing and shallow magma bodies: summit and lower east rift of Kilauea volcano (Hawai’i) (2007)
    Birkhauser Verlag, Basel
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Soil CO2 flux measurements were carried out along traverses across mapped faults and eruptive fissures on the summit and the lower East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano. Anomalous levels of soil degassing were found for 44 of the tectonic structures and 47 of the eruptive fissures intercepted by the surveyed profiles. This result contrasts with what was recently observed on Mt. Etna, where most of the surveyed faults were associated with anomalous soil degassing. The difference is probably related to the differences in the state of activity at the time when soil gas measurements were made: Kilauea was erupting, whereas Mt. Etna was quiescent although in a pre-eruptive stage. Unlike Mt. Etna, flank degassing on Kilauea is restricted to the tectonic and volcanic structures directly connected to the magma reservoir feeding the ongoing East Rift eruption or in areas of the Lower East Rift where other shallow, likely independent reservoirs are postulated. Anomalous soil degassing was also found in areas without surface evidence of faults, thus suggesting the possibility of previously unknown structures.
    Description: Gruppo Nazionale per la Vulcanologia, C.N.R., Italy
    Description: Published
    Description: 853-867
    Description: open
    Keywords: soil CO2 ; Kilauea ; volcanic degassing ; tectonic structures ; geochemical surveying ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Hydrothermal buffering of the SO2/H2S ratio in volcanic gases: Evidence from La Fossa Crater fumarolic field, Vulcano Island (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Sulfur speciation in volcanic gases is a potentially valuable tracer of degassing processes at volcanoes. Hitherto, observations of sulfur speciation in volcanic gas plumes have however been limited both in number and quality. Here, we report on periodic measurements of SO2 to H2S proportions in the volcanic gases from La Fossa volcano (Vulcano Island) performed during 2004–2006, a period which encompasses two heating events of the fumarolic field in January–April 2005 and December 2005. Results indicate a systematic relative increase (by a factor of 2–6) of SO2 to H2S proportions in the fumaroles during the heating events, which we ascribe to a temperature increase in the mixing zone between magmatic and hydrothermal fluids. We also demonstrate that sulphur speciation in La Fossa fumaroles reflects re-equilibration within a poly-baric hydrothermal system, and that this hydrothermal re-equilibration erases the pristine SO2/H2S ratios of any magma-derived sulphur present.
    Description: Published
    Description: L21315
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic gases ; Vulcano Island ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    CO2 flux measurements in volcanic areas using the dynamic concentration methods: the influence of the soil permeability (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In order to evaluate the influence of soil permeability on soil CO2 flux measurements performed with the dynamic concentration method, several tests were carried out using soils characterized by different permeability values and flow rates. A special device was assembled in the laboratory to create a one-dimensional gas flow through a soil of known permeability. Using the advective-diffusion theory, a physical model to predict soil concentration gradients was also developed. The calculated values of CO2 concentrations at different depths were compared with those measured during the tests and a good agreement was found. Four soils with different gas permeability (3.6 10 2 to 1.23 102 mm2) were used. The CO2 flux values were varied from 0.1 kg m 2 d 1 up to 22 kg m 2 d 1. On the basis of these results, a new empirical equation for calculating very accurate soil CO2 flux from dynamic concentration and soil permeability values was proposed. As highlighted by the experimental data, the influence of soil permeability on CO2 flux measurements depends on various factors, of which the flow rate of the suction pump is the most important. Setting low values for the pumping flux (0.4–0.8 L min 1), the mean error due to soil permeability was lower than 5%. Finally, the method was tested by measuring the CO2 flux in a grid of 48 sampling sites on Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), and the global error, affecting the CO2 flux measurements in a real application, was evaluated.
    Description: Published
    Description: B05202
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: CO2 flux measurements ; volcanic areas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    In situ permeability measurements baed on a radial gas advection model: relationships between soil permeability and diffuse CO2 degassing in volcanic areas (2007)
    Birkhauser
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we have developed a new method for measuring in situ soil permeability, which is based on the theory of radial gas advection through an isotropic porous medium. The method was tested in the laboratory and at several locations on the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). It consists of a special device which generates a gas source at a depth of 50 cm and it permits measurement of the relative induced pressure in nearby soil at different depths. The characteristic error of the method was less than 10%. Furthermore, soil permeability measurements were carried out in the island of Vulcano during different periods of the year (between May 2000 and June 2001). A strong decrease in permeability in the upper layers of the soil during and after rainfall was noted, with very poor correlations between the spatial distributions of soil CO2 flux and shallow soil permeability.
    Description: Published
    Description: 897-914
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Gas soil permeability ; volcanic areas ; radial gas advection ; soil degassing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Far-field Gravity and Tilt Signals by Large Earthquakes: Real or Instrumental Effects? (2006)
    Birkhauser
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A wide set of dynamics phenomena (i.e., geodynamics, Post Glacial Rebound, seismicity and volcanic activity) can produce time gravity changes, which spectrum varies from short (1… 10 s) to long (more than 1 year) periods. The amplitude of the gravity variations is generally in the order of 10 8…10 9 g, consequently their detection requires instruments with high sensitivity and stability: then, high quality experimental data. Spring and superconducting gravimeters are intensively used with this target and they are frequently jointed with tiltmeters recording stations in order to measure the elastogravitational perturbation of the Earth. The far-field effects produced by large earthquakes on records collected by spring gravimeters and tiltmeters are investigated here. Gravity and tilt records were analyzed on time windows spanning the occurrence of large worldwide earthquakes; the gravity records have been collected on two stations approximately 600 km distant. The background noise level at the stations was characterized, in each season, in order to detect a possible seasonal dependence and the presence of spectral components which could hide or mask other geophysical signals, such as, for instance, the highest mode of the Seismic Free Oscillation (SFO) of the Earth. Some spectral components (6.5’; 8’; 9’; 14’, 20’, 51’) have been detected in gravity and tilt records on the occasion of large earthquakes and the effect of the SFO has been hypothesized. A quite different spectral content of the EW and NS tiltmeter components has been detected and interpreted as a consequence of the radiation pattern of the disturbances due to the earthquakes. Through the analysis of the instrumental sensitivity, instrumental effects have been detected for gravity meters at very low frequency.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1379–1397
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Gravimeters ; seismic free oscillation ; earthquakes ; tiltmeters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Format: 541391 bytes
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