ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Robots and their Applications --- Sensors --- Reactive Behavior --- Finite State Machines --- Robotic Motion and Odometry --- Control --- Local Navigation: Obstacle Avoidance --- Localization --- Mapping --- Mapping-based Navigation --- Fuzzy Logic Control --- Image Processing --- Neural Networks --- Machine Learning --- Swarm Robotics --- Kinematics of a Robotic Manipulator --- Appenix A:Units of Measurement --- Appendix B:Mathematical Derivations and Tutorials --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: 1. A Review of Air Pollution Control Policy Development and Effectiveness in China / by Ying Li and Ke Chen --- 2. Historical Drivers of Energy Infrastructure Change in Nigeria (1800–2015) / by Norbert Edomah --- 3. Towards a Sustainable Energy Future for Sub-Saharan Africa / by Shadreck Mubiana Situmbeko --- 4. Electric Vehicle Promotion Policy in Taiwan / by Li-Min Cheng --- 5. Clean Energy Management / by Ali Samadiafshar and Atiyye Ghorbani --- 6. Renewable Energy of Biogas Through Integrated Organic Cycle System in Tropical System / by Ambar Pertiwiningrum, Cahyono Agus DK and Margaretha Arnita Wuri

Description / Table of Contents: Approaches to Unsupervised Machine Learning --- Methods of Visualization of High-Dimensional Data --- Quality Assessments of Visualizations --- Behavior-Based Systems in Data Science --- Databionic Swarm (DBS)

Description / Table of Contents: Model-Based Software Development --- A Formal Framework for Incremental Model Slicing --- Multiple Model Synchronization with Multiary Delta Lenses --- Controlling the Attack Surface of Object-Oriented Refactorings --- Efficient Analysis of Attack Trees: a Model-Driven Approach --- Distributed Program and System Analysis --- ROLA: A New Distributed Transaction Protocol and Its Formal Analysis --- A Process Network Model for Reactive Streaming Software with Deterministic Task Parallelism --- Distributed Graph Queries for Runtime Monitoring of Cyber-Physical Systems --- EventHandler-based Analysis Framework for Web Apps using Dynamically Collected States --- Software Design and Verification --- Hierarchical Specification and Verification of Architectural Design Patterns --- Supporting Verification-Driven Incremental Distributed Design of Components --- Summarizing Software API Usage Examples using Clustering Techniques --- Fast Computation of Arbitrary Control Dependencies --- Specification and Program Testing --- Iterative Generation of Diverse Models for Testing Specifications of SL Tools --- Optimising Spectrum Based Fault Localisation for Single Fault Programs using Specifications --- TCM: Test Case Mutation to Improve Crash Detection in Android --- CRETE: A Versatile Binary-Level Concolic Testing Framework --- Family-Based Software Development --- Abstract Family-based Model Checking using Modal Featured Transition Systems: Preservation of CTL* --- FPH: Efficient Non-Commutativity Analysis of Feature-Based Systems --- Taming Multi-Variability of Software Product Line Transformations

Description / Table of Contents: Semantics --- Non-angelic Concurrent Game Semantics --- A Trace Semantics for System F Parametric Polymorphism --- Categorical Combinatorics for Non Deterministic Strategies on Simple Games --- A Syntactic View of Computational Adequacy --- Linearity --- A New Linear Logic for Deadlock-Free Session-Typed Processes --- A Double Category Theoretic Analysis of Graded Linear Exponential Comonads --- Depending on Session-Typed Processes --- FabULous Interoperability for ML and a Linear Language --- Concurrency --- Automata for True Concurrency Properties --- A Theory of Encodings and Expressiveness --- A Framework for Parameterized Monitorability --- Logics for Bisimulation and Divergence --- Lambda-Calculi and Types --- Call-by-need, Neededness and All That --- Fitch-Style Modal Lambda Calculi --- Realizability Interpretation and Normalization of Typed Call-by-Need --- Quotient Inductive-Inductive Types --- Category Theory and Quantum Control --- Guarded Traced Categories --- Proper Semirings and Proper Convex Functors --- From Symmetric Pattern-Matching to Quantum Control --- Quantitative Models --- The Complexity of Graph-Based Reductions for Reachability in Markov Decision Processes --- A Hierarchy of Scheduler Classes for Stochastic Automata --- Symbolically Quantifying Response Time in Stochastic Models using Moments and Semirings --- Comparator Automata in Quantitative Verification --- Logics and Equational Theories --- Modular Tableaux Calculi for Separation Theories --- Differential Calculus with Imprecise Input and its Logical Framework --- The Effects of Adding Reachability Predicates in Propositional Separation Logic --- The Equational Theory of the Natural Join and of Inner Union is Decidable --- Graphs and Automata --- Minimization of Graph Weighted Models over Circular Strings --- Games on Graphs with a Public Signal Monitoring --- WQO Dichotomy for 3-Graphs --- Verifying Higher-Order Functions with Tree Automata

Description / Table of Contents: Approaches to Unsupervised Machine Learning --- Methods of Visualization of High-Dimensional Data --- Quality Assessments of Visualizations --- Behavior-Based Systems in Data Science --- Databionic Swarm (DBS)

Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction --- 2 Trust --- 3 What is an ICT-System? --- 4 Development of ICT Systems --- 5 Theoretical Foundation --- 6 Reverse Engineering of Code --- 7 Static Detection of Malware --- 8 Dynamic Detection Methods --- 9 Formal Methods --- 10 Software Quality and Quality Management --- 11 Containment of Untrusted Modules --- 12 Summary and Way Forward

Description / Table of Contents: Reconstruction of Separable Particle Verbs in a Corpus of Spoken German --- Detecting Vocal Irony --- The Devil is in the Details: Parsing Unknown German Words --- Exploring Ensemble Dependency Parsing to Reduce Manual Annotation Workload --- Different German and English Co-reference Resolution Models for Multi-Domain Content Curation Scenarios --- Word and Sentence Segmentation in German: Overcoming Idiosyncrasies in the Use of Punctuation in Private Communication --- Fine-Grained POS Tagging of German Social Media and Web Texts --- Developing a Stemmer for German Based on a Comparative Analysis of Publicly Available Stemmers --- Negation Modeling for German Polarity Classification --- NECKAr: A Named Entity Classifier for Wikidata --- Investigating the Morphological Complexity of German Named Entities: The Case of the GermEval NER Challenge --- Detecting Named Entities and Relations in German Clinical Reports --- In-Memory Distributed Training of Linear-Chain Conditional Random Fields with an Application to Fine-Grained Named Entity Recognition --- What does this imply? Examining the Impact of Implicitness on the Perception of Hate Speech --- Automatic Classification of Abusive Language and Personal Attacks in Various Forms of Online Communication --- Token Level Code-Switching Detection Using Wikipedia as a Lexical Resource --- How Social Media Text Analysis Can Inform Disaster Management --- A Comparative Study of Uncertainty Based Active Learning Strategies for General Purpose Twitter Sentiment Analysis with Deep Neural Networks --- An Infrastructure for Empowering Internet Users to Handle Fake News and Other Online Media Phenomena --- Different Types of Automated and Semi-automated Semantic Storytelling: Curation Technologies for Different Sectors --- Twitter Geolocation Prediction Using Neural Networks --- Diachronic Variation of Temporal Expressions in Scientific Writing Through the Lens of Relative Entropy --- A Case Study on the Relevance of the Competence Assumption for Implicature Calculation in Dialogue Systems --- Supporting Sustainable Process Documentation --- Optimizing Visual Representations in Semantic Multi-Modal Models with Dimensionality Reduction, De-noising and Contextual Information --- Using Argumentative Structure to Grade Persuasive Essays

Description / Table of Contents: HHVSF: A Framework to Accelerate Drug-based High-throughput Virtual Screening on High-Performance Computers --- HBasechainDB --- A Scalable Blockchain Framework on Hadoop Ecosystem --- DETOUR: A Large-Scale Non-Blocking Optical Data Center Fabric --- Querying Large Scientific Data Sets with Adaptable IO System ADIOS --- On the Performance of Spark on HPC Systems: Towards a Complete Picture --- Experiences of Converging Big Data Analytics Frameworks with High Performance Computing Systems --- MACC : An OpenACC Transpiler for Automatic Multi-GPU Use --- Acceleration of Wind Simulation using Locally Mesh-Refined Lattice Boltzmann Method on GPU-Rich supercomputers --- Architecture of an FPGA-Based Heterogeneous System for Code-Search Problems --- TINS: A Task-Based Dynamic Helper Core Strategy for In Situ Analytics --- Machine Learning Predictions for Underestimation of Job Runtime on HPC System --- A Power Management Framework with Simple DSL for Automatic Power-Performance Optimization on Power-Constrained HPC Systems --- Scalable Data Management of the Uintah Simulation Framework for Next-Generation Engineering Problems with Radiation --- High performance LOBPCG method for solving multiple eigenvalues of Hubbard model: Efficiency of communication avoiding Neumann expansion preconditioner --- Application of a preconditioned Chebyshev basis communication-avoiding conjugate gradient method to a multiphase thermal-hydraulic CFD code --- Optimization of Hierarchical matrix computation on GPU

Description / Table of Contents: Model-Based Software Development --- A Formal Framework for Incremental Model Slicing --- Multiple Model Synchronization with Multiary Delta Lenses --- Controlling the Attack Surface of Object-Oriented Refactorings --- Efficient Analysis of Attack Trees: a Model-Driven Approach --- Distributed Program and System Analysis --- ROLA: A New Distributed Transaction Protocol and Its Formal Analysis --- A Process Network Model for Reactive Streaming Software with Deterministic Task Parallelism --- Distributed Graph Queries for Runtime Monitoring of Cyber-Physical Systems --- EventHandler-based Analysis Framework for Web Apps using Dynamically Collected States --- Software Design and Verification --- Hierarchical Specification and Verification of Architectural Design Patterns --- Supporting Verification-Driven Incremental Distributed Design of Components --- Summarizing Software API Usage Examples using Clustering Techniques --- Fast Computation of Arbitrary Control Dependencies --- Specification and Program Testing --- Iterative Generation of Diverse Models for Testing Specifications of SL Tools --- Optimising Spectrum Based Fault Localisation for Single Fault Programs using Specifications --- TCM: Test Case Mutation to Improve Crash Detection in Android --- CRETE: A Versatile Binary-Level Concolic Testing Framework --- Family-Based Software Development --- Abstract Family-based Model Checking using Modal Featured Transition Systems: Preservation of CTL* --- FPH: Efficient Non-Commutativity Analysis of Feature-Based Systems --- Taming Multi-Variability of Software Product Line Transformations

Description / Table of Contents: Theorem Proving --- Unification with Abstraction and Theory Instantiation in Saturation-based Reasoning --- Efficient verification of imperative programs using auto2 --- Frame Inference for Inductive Entailment Proofs in Separation Logic --- Verified Model Checking of Timed Automata --- SAT and SMT I --- Chain Reduction for Binary and Zero-Suppressed Decision Diagrams --- CDCLSym: Introducing E_ective Symmetry Breaking in SAT Solving --- Automatic Generation of Precise and Useful Commutativity Conditions --- Bit-Vector Model Counting using Statistical Estimation --- Deductive Verification --- Hoare Logics for Time Bounds --- A Verified Implementation of the Bounded List Container --- Automating Deductive Verification for Weak-Memory Programs --- Software Verification and Optimisation --- Property Checking Array Programs Using Loop Shrinking --- Invariant Synthesis for Incomplete Verification Engines --- Accelerating Syntax-Guided Invariant Synthesis --- Daisy - Framework for Analysis and Optimization of Numerical Programs --- Model Checking --- Oink: an Implementation and Evaluation of Modern Parity Game Solvers --- More Scalable LTL Model Checking via Discovering Design-Space Dependencies (D^3) --- Generation of Minimum Tree-like Witnesses for Existential CTL --- From Natural Projection to Partial Model Checking and Back --- Machine Learning --- ICE-based Refinement Type Discovery for Higher-Order Functional Programs --- Strategy Representation by Decision Trees in Reactive Synthesis --- Feature-Guided Black-Box Safety Testing of Deep Neural Networks.

Description / Table of Contents: Semantics --- Non-angelic Concurrent Game Semantics --- A Trace Semantics for System F Parametric Polymorphism --- Categorical Combinatorics for Non Deterministic Strategies on Simple Games --- A Syntactic View of Computational Adequacy --- Linearity --- A New Linear Logic for Deadlock-Free Session-Typed Processes --- A Double Category Theoretic Analysis of Graded Linear Exponential Comonads --- Depending on Session-Typed Processes --- FabULous Interoperability for ML and a Linear Language --- Concurrency --- Automata for True Concurrency Properties --- A Theory of Encodings and Expressiveness --- A Framework for Parameterized Monitorability --- Logics for Bisimulation and Divergence --- Lambda-Calculi and Types --- Call-by-need, Neededness and All That --- Fitch-Style Modal Lambda Calculi --- Realizability Interpretation and Normalization of Typed Call-by-Need --- Quotient Inductive-Inductive Types --- Category Theory and Quantum Control --- Guarded Traced Categories --- Proper Semirings and Proper Convex Functors --- From Symmetric Pattern-Matching to Quantum Control --- Quantitative Models --- The Complexity of Graph-Based Reductions for Reachability in Markov Decision Processes --- A Hierarchy of Scheduler Classes for Stochastic Automata --- Symbolically Quantifying Response Time in Stochastic Models using Moments and Semirings --- Comparator Automata in Quantitative Verification --- Logics and Equational Theories --- Modular Tableaux Calculi for Separation Theories --- Differential Calculus with Imprecise Input and its Logical Framework --- The Effects of Adding Reachability Predicates in Propositional Separation Logic --- The Equational Theory of the Natural Join and of Inner Union is Decidable --- Graphs and Automata --- Minimization of Graph Weighted Models over Circular Strings --- Games on Graphs with a Public Signal Monitoring --- WQO Dichotomy for 3-Graphs --- Verifying Higher-Order Functions with Tree Automata

Description / Table of Contents: Information Flow and Non-Intereference --- What's the Over/Under? Probabilistic Bounds on Information Leakage --- Secure Information Release in Timed Automata --- Compositional Non-Interference for Concurrent Programs via Separation and Framing --- The Meaning of Memory Safety --- Leakage, Information Flow, and Protocols --- Formal Verification of Integrity Preserving Countermeasures Against Cache Storage --- Leakage and Protocol Composition in a Game-theoretic Perspective --- Equivalence Properties by Typing in Cryptographic Branching Protocols --- Design, Formal Specification and Analysis of Multi-Factor Authentication Solutions with a Single Sign-On Experience --- Smart Contracts and Privacy --- SoK: Unraveling Bitcoin Smart Contracts --- A Semantic Framework for the Security Analysis of Ethereum Smart Contracts --- Tool Demonstration: FSolidM for Designing Secure Ethereum Smart Contracts --- UniTraX: Protecting Data Privacy with Discoverable Biases --- Firewalls and Attack-Defense Trees --- Transcompiling Firewalls --- On Quantitative Analysis of Attack-Defense Trees with Repeated Labels

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Part 1- Haptics in Musical Interaction: Psychophysics and User Experience --- A Brief Overview of the Somatosensory System --- Once More with Feeling: The Dynamics of Performer-Instrument Interaction --- Perception of Vibrotactile Cues in Musical Performance --- The Role of Haptic Cues in Musical Instrument Quality Perception --- A Functional Analysis of Haptic Feedback in Digital Musical Instrument Interactions --- Auditory-Tactile Experience of Music --- Part II - Haptic Musical Interfaces: Design and Applications --- The MSCI Platform: A Framework for the Design and Simulation of Multisensory Virtual Musical Instruments --- Implementation and Characterization of Vibrotactile Interfaces --- Touchscreens and Musical Interaction --- Design of Vibrotactile Feedback --- Haptic Force-Feedback Instruments for the Laptop Orchestra of Louisiana --- Haptics for the Development of Fundamental Rhythm Skills Including Multi-Limb Coordination

Description / Table of Contents: Language Design --- Consistent Subtyping for All --- HOBiT: Programming Lenses without using Lens Combinators --- Dualizing Generalized Algebraic Data Types by Matrix Transposition --- Deterministic Concurrency: A Clock-Synchronised Shared Memory Approach --- Probabilistic Programming --- An Assertion-Based Program Logic for Probabilistic Programs --- Fine-grained Semantics for Probabilistic Programs --- How long, O Bayesian network, will I sample thee? --- Relational Reasoning for Markov Chains in a Probabilistic Guarded Lambda Calculus --- Types and Effects --- Failure is Not an Option: An Exceptional Type Theory --- Let Arguments Go First --- Behavioural equivalence via modalities for algebraic effects --- Explicit Effect Subtyping --- Concurrency --- A separation logic for a promising semantics --- Logical Reasoning for Disjoint Permissions --- Deadlock-Free Monitors --- Fragment Abstraction for Concurrent Shape Analysis --- Security --- Reasoning About a Machine with Local Capabilities - Provably Safe Stack and Return Pointer Management --- Modular Product Programs --- Program Verification --- A Fistful of Dollars: Formalizing Asymptotic Complexity Claims via Deductive Program Verification --- Verified Learning Without Regret --- Program Verification by Coinduction --- Velisarios: Byzantine Fault Tolerant Protocols Powered by Coq --- Program Analysis and Automated Verification --- Evaluating Design Tradeoffs in Numeric Static Analysis for Java --- An Abstract Interpretation Framework for Input Data Usage --- Higher-Order Program Verification via HFL Model Checking --- Quantitative Analysis of Smart Contracts --- Session Types and Concurrency --- Session-Typed Concurrent Contracts --- A Typing Discipline for Statically Verified Crash Failure Handling in Distributed Systems --- On Polymorphic Sessions and Functions: A Tale of Two (Fully Abstract) Encodings --- Concurrent Kleene Algebra: Free Model and Completeness --- Concurrency and Distribution --- Correctness of a Concurrent Object Collector for Actor Languages --- Paxos Consensus, Deconstructed and Abstracted --- On Parallel Snapshot Isolation and Release/Acquire Consistency --- Eventual Consistency for CRDTs --- Compiler Verification --- A Verified Compiler from Isabelle/HOL to CakeML --- Compositional Verification of Compiler Optimisations on Relaxed Memory

Description / Table of Contents: Concurrent and Distributed Systems --- Computing the concurrency threshold of sound free-choice workflow nets --- Fine-Grained Complexity of Safety Verification --- Parameterized verification of synchronization in constrained reconfigurable broadcast networks --- EMME: a formal tool for the ECMAScript Memory Model Evaluation --- SAT and SMT II --- What a Difference a Variable Makes --- Abstraction Refinement for Emptiness Checking of Alternating Data Automata --- Revisiting Enumerative Instantiation --- An Non-linear Arithmetic Procedure for Control-Command Software Verification --- Security and Reactive Systems --- Approximate Reduction of Finite Automata for High-Speed Network Intrusion Detection --- Validity-Guided Synthesis of Reactive Systems from Assume-Guarantee Contracts --- RVHyper: A Runtime Verification Tool for Temporal Hyperproperties --- The Refinement Calculus of Reactive Systems Toolset --- Static and Dynamic Program Analysis --- TESTOR: A Modular Tool for On-the-Fly Conformance Test Case Generation --- Optimal Dynamic Partial Order Reduction with Observers --- Structurally Defined Conditional Data-flow Static Analysis --- Geometric Nontermination Arguments --- Hybrid and Stochastic Systems --- Efficient dynamic error reduction for hybrid systems reachability analysis --- AMT2.0: Qualitative and Quantitative Trace Analysis with Extended Signal Temporal Logic --- Multi-Cost Bounded Reachability in MDPs --- A Statistical Model Checker for Nondeterminism and Rare Events --- Temporal logic and mu-calculus --- Permutation Games for the Weakly Aconjunctive mu-Calculus --- Symmetry Reduction for the Local Mu-Calculus --- Bayesian Statistical Parameter Synthesis for Linear Temporal Properties of Stochastic Models --- 7th Competition on Software Verification (SV-COMP) --- 2LS: Memory Safety and Non-Termination (Competition contribution) --- Yogar-CBMC: CBMC with Scheduling Constraint Based Abstraction Refinement (Competition Contribution) --- CPA-BAM-Slicing: Block-Abstraction Memorization and Slicing with Region-Based Dependency Analysis (Competition Contribution) --- InterpChecker: Reducing State Space via Interpolations (Competition Contribution) --- Map2Check using LLVM and KLEE (Competition Contribution) --- Symbiotic 5: Boosted Instrumentation (Competition Contribution) --- Ultimate Automizer and the Search for Perfect Interpolants (Competition Contribution) --- Ultimate Taipan with Dynamic Block Encoding (Competition Contribution) --- VeriAbs : Verification by Abstraction and Test Generation (Competition Contribution)

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- The history of the patient record and the paper record --- User needs: clinicians, clinical researchers and hospital management --- Characteristics of patient records and clinical corpora --- Medical classifications and terminologies --- Evaluation metrics and evaluation --- Basic building blocks for clinical text processing --- Computational methods for text analysis and text classification --- Ethics and privacy of patient records for clinical text mining research --- Applications of clinical text mining --- Networks and shared tasks in clinical text mining --- Conclusions and outlook --- References --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: The World Energy Outlook (WEO) is the gold standard of long-term energy analysis. The 2018 edition provides updated analysis to show what the latest data, technology trends and policy announcements might mean for the energy sector to 2040. It also outlines an integrated way to meet multiple sustainable development goals: limiting the global temperature rise in line with the Paris Agreement, addressing air pollution, and ensuring universal access to energy.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- The history of the patient record and the paper record --- User needs: clinicians, clinical researchers and hospital management --- Characteristics of patient records and clinical corpora --- Medical classifications and terminologies --- Evaluation metrics and evaluation --- Basic building blocks for clinical text processing --- Computational methods for text analysis and text classification --- Ethics and privacy of patient records for clinical text mining research --- Applications of clinical text mining --- Networks and shared tasks in clinical text mining --- Conclusions and outlook --- References --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: Agile requirements --- COSMIC User Story Standard --- Improving Mockup-based Requirement Specification with End-User Annotations --- Agile testing --- Combining STPA and BDD for Safety Analysis and Verification in Agile Development: A Controlled Experiment --- Software tester, we want to hire you! An analysis of the demand for soft skills --- Developers' initial perceptions on TDD practice: A thematic analysis with distinct domains and languages --- Myths and Facts about Static Application Security Testing Tools: An Action Research at Telenor Digital --- Automated Acceptance Tests as Software Requirements: An Experiment to Compare the Applicability of Fit tables and Gherkin Language --- Agile transformation --- Interface Problems of Agile in a Non-Agile Environment --- Enterprise agility: Why is transformation so hard? --- Technical and Organizational Agile Practices: A Latin-American Survey --- Agile Software Development { Adoption & Maturity: An Activity Theory Perspective --- Scaling agile --- Do Agile Methods Work for Large Software Projects? --- Learning in the Large - An Exploratory Study of Retrospectives in Large-Scale Agile Development --- Reporting in Agile Portfolio Management: Routines, Metrics and Artefacts to Maintain an Effective Oversight --- Inter-team Coordination in Large-Scale Agile Development: A Case Study of Three Enabling Mechanisms --- Supporting Large-Scale Agile Development with Domain-driven Design --- Towards Agile Scalability Engineering --- Human-centric agile --- Stress in Agile Software Development: Practices and Outcomes --- Teamwork quality and team performance: Exploring differences between small and large agile projects --- Continuous experimentation --- Challenges and Strategies for Undertaking Continuous Experimentation to Embedded Systems: Industry and Research Perspectives --- ICOs overview: should investors choose an ICO developed with the Lean Startup methodology?

Description / Table of Contents: Security of distributed interconnected systems --- Security of software systems --- Security of the Internet of Things

Description / Table of Contents: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges in the Area of Autonomous Control for a Reliable Internet of Services --- Context Monitoring for Improved System Performance and QoE --- QoE Management for Future Networks --- Scalable Traffic Quality and System Efficiency Indicators towards Overall Telecommunication System's QoE Management --- Lag Compensation for First Person Shooter Games in Cloud Gaming --- The Value of Context-awareness in Bandwidth-challenging HTTP Adaptive Streaming Scenarios --- Conceptual and Analytical Models for Predicting the Quality of Service of Overall Telecommunication Systems --- QoS-based Elasticity for Service Chains in Distributed Edge Cloud Environments --- Integrating SDN and NFV with QoS-aware Service Composition --- Energy vs. QoX Network- and Cloud Services Management --- Traffic Management for Cloud Federation --- Efficient Simulation of IoT Cloud Use Cases --- Security of Internet of Things for Reliable Internet of Services --- TCP performance over current cellular access: A comprehensive analysis

Description / Table of Contents: This open access two-volume set LNCS 10980 and 10981 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in July 2018. The 52 full and 13 tool papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 2 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics and techniques, from algorithmic and logical foundations of verication to practical applications in distributed, networked, cyber-physical, and autonomous systems. They are organized in topical sections on model checking, program analysis using polyhedra, synthesis, learning, runtime verification, hybrid and timed systems, tools, probabilistic systems, static analysis, theory and security, SAT, SMT and decisions procedures, concurrency, and CPS, hardware, industrial applications

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- System Theory --- Image Processing --- Endoscopy --- Microscopy --- Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- X-ray Imaging --- Computed Tomography --- X-ray Phase Contrast: Research on a Future Imaging Modality --- Emission Tomography --- Ultrasound --- Optical Coherence Tomography --- Acronyms.

Description / Table of Contents: This open access two-volume set LNCS 10980 and 10981 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in July 2018. The 52 full and 13 tool papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 2 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics and techniques, from algorithmic and logical foundations of verication to practical applications in distributed, networked, cyber-physical, and autonomous systems. They are organized in topical sections on model checking, program analysis using polyhedra, synthesis, learning, runtime verification, hybrid and timed systems, tools, probabilistic systems, static analysis, theory and security, SAT, SMT and decisions procedures, concurrency, and CPS, hardware, industrial applications

Description / Table of Contents: Modelle --- Modellierungssprachen --- Vorgehensweise von der Modellbildung zur Digitalisierung --- Vorbereitung der Prozessimplementierung --- Umsetzung --- Praxisbeispiel

Description / Table of Contents: This book is published open access under a CC BY license. This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Symbiotic Interaction, Symbiotic 2016, held in Padua, Italy, in October 2016. The 12 full papers and 3 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. The idea of symbiotic systems put forward in this workshop capitalizes on the computers’ ability to implicitly detect the users goals, preferences or/and psycho-physiological states and thereby enhancing human-computer interaction (HCI). The papers present an overview of the symbiotic relationships between humans and computers with emphasis on user-driven research on symbiotic systems, adaptive systems, implicit input data, physiological computing and BCI, but also on understanding the nature of the interdependence and agency between computers and humans more broadly

Description / Table of Contents: Making Flow-Based Security Detection Parallel --- A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Collaborative DDoS Mitigation with Smart Contracts --- Achieving Reproducible Network Environments with INSALATA --- Towards a Software-Defined Security Framework for Supporting Distributed Cloud --- Optimal Service Function Chain Composition in Network Functions Virtualization --- An Optimized Resilient Advance Bandwidth Scheduling for Media Delivery Services --- The Evaluation of the V2VUNet Concept to Improve Inter-vehicle Communications --- Towards Internet Scale Quality-of-Experience Measurement with Twitter --- Hunting SIP Authentication Attacks Efficiently --- MoDeNA: Enhancing User Security for Devices in Wireless Personal and Local Area Networks --- Flow-Based Detection of IPv6-specific Network Layer Attacks --- Towards a Hybrid Cloud Platform Using Apache Mesos --- Visual Analytics for Network Security and Critical Infrastructures --- Preserving Relations in Parallel Flow Data Processing --- SmartDEMAP: A Smart Contract Deployment and Management Platform --- Optimizing the Integration of Agent-Based Cloud Orchestrators and Higher-Level Workloads --- Situational Awareness: Detecting Critical Dependencies and Devices in a Network --- A Framework for SFC Integrity in NFV Environments --- Multi-domain DDoS Mitigation based on Blockchains

Description / Table of Contents: Improving Agile Processes --- Reflection in Agile Retrospectives --- What influences the speed of prototyping? An empirical investigation of twenty software startups --- Key Challenges in Agile Requirements Engineering --- A Multiple Case Study on Selecting a Technique for User-Interaction Data Collecting --- Comparing Requirements Decomposition within the Scrum, Scrum with Kanban, XP, and Banana Development Processes --- Effects of Technical Debt Awareness: A classroom study --- Agile in Organizations --- Don’t Forget to Breathe: A Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Practices in Agile Project Teams --- Enhancing Agile Team Collaboration through the use of Large Digital Multi-touch Cardwalls --- Knowledge Sharing in a Large Agile Organisation: A Survey Study --- Teaching Agile Methods to Software Engineering Professionals: 10 Years, 1000 Release Plans --- Are Software Startups Applying Agile? the State of the Practice from a Large Survey --- Adopting Test Automation on Agile Development Projects: A Grounded Theory Study of Indian Software Organizations --- Safety Critical Software --- How is security testing done in agile teams? A cross-case analysis of four software teams --- An assessment of avionics software development practice: justifications for an agile development process --- Short Research Papers --- Inoculating an Agile Company with User-Centred Design: an Empirical Study --- On the Usage and Benefits of Agile Methods & Practices --- Checklists to Support Test Charter Design in Exploratory Testing --- Discovering Software Process Deviations Using Visualizations --- Exploring Workflow Mechanisms and Task Allocation Strategies in Agile Software Teams --- Are daily stand-up meetings valuable? A survey of developers in software teams --- Doctoral Symposium Papers --- Knowledge Management and Reflective Practice in Daily Stand-up and Retrospective Meetings --- Self-Assignment: Task Allocation Practice in Agile Software Development --- Software Development Practices Patterns.

Description / Table of Contents: Shifting Identities in Computing: From a Useful Tool to a New Method and Theory of Science --- On the Big Impact of “Big Computer Science” --- On Informatics, Diamonds and T --- Leadership and Balance in Research --- Rational ethics --- Ethics for the digital age: where are the moral specs? --- Digital Sovereignty and IT-Security for a Prosperous Society --- Women in Computing and the contingency of informatics cultures --- Ada - poet of computing

Description / Table of Contents: Common challenges with software --- The map --- A holistic view to change --- The compass --- The journeys --- Co-develop in a community --- Charing is caring --- A thriving Open Source culture behind the wall --- Keeping the doors open.- Building ecosystems --- Pushing the boundaries --- Add supplementary services --- Adding Internet to things --- Boosting product sales by services --- Deliver 24/7 --- Pruning a bush --- Ensuring prima deliveries --- Pump up the volume --- Global R&D goes agile with SAFe --- Multi-site development --- Agile and disciplined --- Scaling Agile in Automotive --- Scaling Agile in Life sciences --- Outside the box --- Efficient communication --- Outsourcing Strategy at Sony Mobile --- Not so shore anymore --- Play it again, Sam, backwards --- First things first --- Robotic growing pains --- Softhouse reflects on architecture changes --- From mobile to Platform --- Your journey

Description / Table of Contents: The global energy system is moving closer to a historic transformation. This year's edition of the International Energy Agency (IEA)'s comprehensive publication on energy technology focuses on the opportunities and challenges of scaling and accelerating the deployment of clean energy technologies. This includes looking at more ambitious scenarios than the IEA has produced before. Improvements in technology continue to modify the outlook for the energy sector, driving changes in business models, energy demand and supply patterns as well as regulatory approaches. Energy security, air quality, climate change and economic competitiveness are increasingly being factored in by decision makers. Energy Technology Perspectives 2017 (ETP 2017) details these trends as well as the technological advances that will shape energy security and environmental sustainability for decades to come. For the first time, ETP 2017 looks at how far clean energy technologies could move the energy sector towards higher climate change ambitions if technological innovations were pushed to their maximum practical limits. The analysis shows that, while policy support would be needed beyond anything seen to date, such a push could result in greenhouse gas emission levels that are consistent with the mid-point of the target temperature range of the global Paris Agreement on climate change. The analysis also indicates that regardless of the pathway chosen for the energy sector transformation, policy action is needed to ensure that multiple economic, security and other benefits to the accelerated deployment of clean energy technologies are realised through a systematic and co-ordinated approach. ETP 2017 also features the annual IEA Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2017 report, which shows that the current progress in clean energy technology development and deployment remains sub-optimal. It highlights that progress has been substantial where policies have provided clear signals on the value of technology innovation. But many technology areas still suffer from a lack of financial and policy support.

Description / Table of Contents: The global energy scene is in a state of flux. Understanding the dynamic interplay of energy markets, technology and policy has never been more critical. The World Energy Outlook (WEO), widely regarded as the gold standard of energy analysis, provides strategic insight on what today’s policy and investment decisions mean for long-term trends. The 2017 edition of the WEO, which will be released on 14 November, will contain a full update of energy demand and supply projections through 2040 under different scenarios, and their consequences for energy security, investment, energy industries and the environment. It will also include in-depth analysis of: China’s energy outlook. China’s influence has long been felt in coal, oil and gas, as well as in nuclear power, but the country is also now firmly established as a global leader in renewable energy, efficiency and innovation. The WEO will examine China’s economic and energy transitions in detail, and consider how the country’s policy choices can shape not just national prospects, but also global outcomes. Natural gas. The outlook for gas markets is evolving rapidly under pressure from two revolutions: the shale revolution, led by the United States, and the LNG revolution that is testing traditional gas business and pricing models. It will also investigate the wider opportunities and uncertainties for gas in the transition to a cleaner energy system, including its role in tackling local pollution as well as the risk of methane emissions. In addition, the WEO-2017 series will feature two special analyses, to be released in October. The close links between energy and development, assessing today’s global picture for access to modern energy, the strategies and technologies that can enable countries to achieve energy for all by 2030, and the ways in which reliable energy can move communities from poverty towards prosperity. Prospects for energy in Southeast Asia, where infrastructure and investment have to keep up with rapid, sustained growth in energy demand. The report will cover the particular challenge of providing secure, clean and affordable energy to small island systems and remote settlements.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Energy Recovery from the LNG Regasification Process by Roberto Bruno, Piero Bevilacqua and Natale Arcuri --- Chapter 2: Concepts for Regasification of LNG in Industrial Parks by Tatiana Morosuk, Stefanie Tesch and George Tsatsaronis --- Chapter 3: Improvement of Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Using Nanoparticles by Reza Barati and Charles Chempakathinal Bose --- Chapter 4: Experiment and Evaluation of Natural Gas Hydration in a Spraying Reactor by Wenfeng Hao --- Chapter 5: Gas Well Testing by Freddy Humberto Escobar --- Chapter 6: Catalytic Natural Gas Utilization on Unconventional Oil Upgrading by Peng He and Hua Song --- Chapter 7: Compressed Natural Gas Direct Injection: Comparison Between Homogeneous and Stratified Combustion by Shahrir Abdullah, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Saad Aljamali and Azhari Shamsudeen --- Chapter 8: Biomass as an Alternative for Gas Production by Liliana Pampillón-González and José Ramón Laines Canepa --- Chapter 9: Shale Gas in Poland by Jadwiga A. Jarzyna, Maria Bała, Paulina I. Krakowska, Edyta Puskarczyk, Anna Strzępowicz, Kamila Wawrzyniak-Guz, Dariusz Więcław and Jerzy Ziętek --- Chapter 10: An Overview of Principles and Designs of Hydraulic Fracturing Experiments and an Inquiry into the Influence of Rock Permeability and Strength on Failure Mode by Kenneth Imo-Imo Eshiet and Yong Sheng

Description / Table of Contents: VISCERAL: Evaluation-as-a-Service for Medical Imaging --- Using the Cloud as a Platform for Evaluation and Data Preparation --- Ethical and Privacy Aspects of Using Medical Image Data --- Annotating Medical Image Data --- Datasets created in VISCERAL --- Evaluation Metrics for Medical Organ Segmentation and Lesion Detection --- VISCERAL Anatomy Benchmarks for Organ Segmentation and Landmark Localisation: Tasks and Results --- Retrieval of Medical Cases for Diagnostic Decisions: VISCERAL Retrieval Benchmark --- Automatic Atlas-Free Multi-Organ Segmentation of Contrast-Enhanced CT Scans --- Multi-organ Segmentation Using Coherent Propagating Level Set Method Guided by Hierarchical Shape Priors and Local Phase Information --- Automatic Multi-organ Segmentation using Hierarchically-Registered Probabilistic Atlases --- Multi-Atlas Segmentation Using Robust Feature-Based Registration --- Combining Radiology Images and Clinical Meta-data for Multimodal Medical Case-based Retrieval --- Text and Content-based Medical Image Retrieval in the VISCERAL Retrieval Benchmark

Description / Table of Contents: Can Machines Design? Optimizing User Interfaces for Human Performance --- Geometrical Shapes Rendering on a Dot-Matrix Display --- Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition for Mobile Systems Using Deep LSTM --- Adjustable Autonomy for UAV Supervision Applications Through Mental Workload Assessment Techniques --- Classification of Motor Imagery Based EEG Signals Using Sparsity Approach --- Mental Workload Assessment for UAV Traffic Control Using Consumer-Grade BCI Equipment --- Improving Classification Performance by Combining Feature Vectors with A Boosting Approach for Brain Computer Interface (BCI) --- List Navigation Using Edge Menu --- Simplexity and Vicariance. On Human Cognition Principles for Man-Machine Interaction --- Design Considerations for Self-paced Interactive Notes on Video Lectures - A Learner's Perspective and Enhancements of Learning Outcome --- Using Psycholinguistic Features for the Classification of Comprehenders from Summary Speech Transcripts --- Lector: Towards Reengaging Students in the Educational Process Inside Smart Classrooms --- Predicting Driver's Work Performance in Driving Simulator Based on Physiological Indices --- Interpersonal Human-Human and Human-Robot Interactions --- Exploring the Dynamics of Relationships Between Expressed and Experienced Emotions --- Standard Co-training in Multiword Expression Detection --- Comparative Study on Normalization in Emotion Recognition from Speech --- Detecting Vigilance in People Performing Continual Monitoring Task

Description / Table of Contents: This book is open access under a CC BY license. This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference on Open Source Systems, OSS 2017, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in May 2017. The 16 revised full papers and 3 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics related to free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS), including: licensing, strategies, and practices; case studies; projects, communication, and participation; tools; and project management, development and evaluation

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Industrial Challenges. S-BPM's Industrial Capabilities --- Lot-Size One Production. People-Centred Production Design --- Human-Controlled Production --- Learnings --- The Future: Obstacles and Opportunities

Description / Table of Contents: Full Research Papers --- Experience Reports --- Empirical Studies Papers --- Doctoral Symposium Papers

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: The Big Data Opportunity --- The Big Data Value Opportunity --- Introduction to the BIG Project --- Part II: The Big Data Value Chain: Enabling and Value Creating Technologies --- The Big Data Value Chain: Definitions, Concepts, and Theoretical Approaches --- Big Data Acquisition --- Big Data Analysis --- Big Data Curation --- Big Data Storage --- Big Data Usage --- Part III: Usage and Exploitation of Big Data --- Big Data Driven Innovation in Industrial Sectors --- Big Data in the Health Sector --- Big Data in the Public Sector --- Big Data in the Finance and Insurance Sectors --- Big Data in the Energy and Transport Sectors --- Big Data in the Media and Entertainment Sectors --- Part IV: A Roadmap for Big Data Research --- Cross-Sectorial Requirements Analysis for Big Data Research --- New Horizons for a Data-Driven Economy: Roadmaps and Action Plans for Technology, Businesses, Policy, and Society.                        

Description / Table of Contents: ‌Cities drive economic growth but can also drive sustainable change. As the share of the world’s population living in cities rises, ambitious action in urban areas can be instrumental in achieving long‑term sustainability of the global energy system – including the carbon emission reductions required to meet the climate goals reached at COP21 in Paris. Support from national governments is a strategic prerequisite for leveraging the potential for sustainable energy technology and policy in cities that too often lies untapped. With global energy demand set to become even greater over the coming decades, Energy Technology Perspectives 2016 (ETP 2016) looks at the technology and policy opportunities available for accelerating the transition to sustainable urban energy systems. Such potential could be the key to successfully driving an energy transition that many still think impossible, provided that local and national actions can be aligned to meet the sustainability objectives at both levels. Indeed, policies still have a long way to go in this regard: ETP 2016 presents the annual IEA Tracking Clean Energy Progress report, which finds once again that despite some notable progress, the rate of needed improvements is far slower than required to meet energy sector sustainability goals. By setting out sustainable energy transition pathways that incorporate detailed and transparent quantitative analysis alongside well-rounded commentary, ETP 2016 and its series of related publications have become required reading not only for experts in the energy field, policy makers and heads of governments, but also for business leaders and investors.

Description / Table of Contents: The entry into force of the Paris Agreement has raised hopes and expectations of more concerted global efforts to tackle climate change, but how will the various country climate pledges made in Paris really affect the efficiency and carbon footprint of the energy sector? Will market dynamics change for oil, natural gas and coal - or might the slump in prices for some fuels be here to stay? How can governments address the impact of local pollution, often energy-related, on air quality? The World Energy Outlook 2016, released on 16 November, will shed light on all of these questions and more, all with the customary mix of rigorous quantitative modelling and insightful analysis. The WEO-2016 will include a particular focus on the following topical issues: -〉 The impact of COP21: WEO-2016 will track progress with the implementation of the different pledges made at COP21 and judge what they mean for long-term energy trends. Based on this assessment, it will examine and present policy options to bridge the gap and reach climate objectives. -〉 Major focus on renewables: renewable energy is vital to steer the energy system to the low-carbon future envisioned in the Paris agreement. This analysis will assess the rapid improvement in the competitiveness and economics of renewables, relative to fossil-fuels and other low carbon options, as well as the opportunities and questions that a rising share of renewable energy open up for the energy system as a whole. -〉 The road ahead for fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas remain the bedrock of global energy use but all face an uncertain period of adjustment, both to today’s market conditions and – over the longer term – to the prospect of a new policy landscape post-COP21. With lower prices bringing down the axe on many new projects, WEO-2016 will assess the impact on tomorrow’s market balances and the different pathways and risks that lie further ahead. -〉 Energy and water: Energy depends on water, and water requires energy. This analysis will assess current and future freshwater requirements for energy production, highlighting potential vulnerabilities and key stress points.

Description / Table of Contents: Frederiks, E.; Stenner, K.; Hobman, E. The Socio-Demographic and Psychological Predictors of Residential Energy Consumption: A Comprehensive Review. Energies 2015, 8(1), 573-609; doi:10.3390/en8010573 --- Sun, W.; He, Y.; Chang, H. Forecasting Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption for Power Generation Using QHSA-Based LSSVM Model. Energies 2015, 8(2), 939-959; doi:10.3390/en8020939 --- Gutierrez-Escolar, A.; Castillo-Martinez, A.; Gomez-Pulido, J.; Gutierrez-Martinez, J.; Stapic, Z.; Medina-Merodio, J. A Study to Improve the Quality of Street Lighting in Spain. Energies 2015, 8(2), 976-994; doi:10.3390/en8020976 --- Chew, K.; Klemeš, J.; Alwi, S.; Manan, Z.; Reverberi, A. Total Site Heat Integration Considering Pressure Drops. Energies 2015, 8(2), 1114-1137; doi:10.3390/en8021114 --- Kim, S.; Shin, K.; Choi, B.; Jo, J.; Cho, S.; Cho, Y. A Study on the Variation of Heating and Cooling Load According to the Use of Horizontal Shading and Venetian Blinds in Office Buildings in Korea. Energies 2015, 8(2), 1487-1504; doi:10.3390/en8021487 --- Sheng, P.; Yang, J.; Shackman, J. Energy’s Shadow Price and Energy Efficiency in China: A Non-Parametric Input Distance Function Analysis. Energies 2015, 8(3), 1975-1989; doi:10.3390/en8031975 --- Benavides, C.; Gonzales, L.; Diaz, M.; Fuentes, R.; García, G.; Palma-Behnke, R.; Ravizza, C. The Impact of a Carbon Tax on the Chilean Electricity Generation Sector. Energies 2015, 8(4), 2674-2700; doi:10.3390/en8042674 --- Li, W.; Li, H.; Sun, S. China’s Low-Carbon Scenario Analysis of CO2 Mitigation Measures towards 2050 Using a Hybrid AIM/CGE Model. Energies 2015, 8(5), 3529-3555; doi:10.3390/en8053529 --- Nasirov, S.; Silva, C.; Agostini, C. Investors’ Perspectives on Barriers to the Deployment of Renewable Energy Sources in Chile. Energies 2015, 8(5), 3794-3814; doi:10.3390/en8053794 --- Deng, X.; Yu, Y.; Liu, Y. Temporal and Spatial Variations in Provincial CO2 Emissions in China from 2005 to 2015 and Assessment of a Reduction Plan. Energies 2015, 8(5), 4549-4571; doi:10.3390/en8054549 --- Klimscheffskij, M.; Van Craenenbroeck, T.; Lehtovaara, M.; Lescot, D.; Tschernutter, A.; Raimundo, C.; Seebach, D.; Timpe, C. Residual Mix Calculation at the Heart of Reliable Electricity Disclosure in Europe—A Case Study on the Effect of the RE-DISS Project. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4667-4696; doi:10.3390/en8064667 --- Ferrara, R. The Smart City and the Green Economy in Europe: A Critical Approach. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4724-4734; doi:10.3390/en8064724 --- Stenner, K.; Nwokora, Z. Current and Future Friends of the Earth: Assessing Cross-National Theories of Environmental Attitudes. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4899-4919; doi:10.3390/en8064899 --- Atlason, R.; Oddsson, G.; Unnthorsson, R. Theorizing for Maintenance Management Improvements: Using Case Studies from the Icelandic Geothermal Sector. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4943-4962; doi:10.3390/en8064943 --- Ellenbeck, S.; Beneking, A.; Ceglarz, A.; Schmidt, P.; Battaglini, A. Security of Supply in European Electricity Markets—Determinants of Investment Decisions and the European Energy Union. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5198-5216; doi:10.3390/en8065198 --- Hasager, C.; Vincent, P.; Badger, J.; Badger, M.; Di Bella, A.; Peña, A.; Husson, R.; Volker, P. Using Satellite SAR to Characterize the Wind Flow around Offshore Wind Farms. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5413-5439; doi:10.3390/en8065413 --- Puigjaner, L.; Pérez-Fortes, M.; Laínez-Aguirre, J. Towards a Carbon-Neutral Energy Sector: Opportunities and Challenges of Coordinated Bioenergy Supply Chains-A PSE Approach. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5613-5660; doi:10.3390/en8065613 --- Thollander, P.; Palm, J. Industrial Energy Management Decision Making for Improved Energy Efficiency—Strategic System Perspectives and Situated Action in Combination. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5694-5703; doi:10.3390/en8065694 --- Jänicke, M. Horizontal and Vertical Reinforcement in Global Climate Governance. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5782-5799; doi:10.3390/en8065782 --- Benavides, C.; Gonzales, L.; Diaz, M.; Fuentes, R.; García, G.; Palma-Behnke, R.; Ravizza, C. Correction: The Impact of a Carbon Tax on the Chilean Electricity Generation Sector. Energies 2015, 8(6), 6247-6248; doi:10.3390/en8066247 --- Wang, W.; Ouyang, W.; Hao, F. A Supply-Chain Analysis Framework for Assessing Densified Biomass Solid Fuel Utilization Policies in China. Energies 2015, 8(7), 7122-7139; doi:10.3390/en8077122 --- Punys, P.; Dumbrauskas, A.; Kasiulis, E.; Vyčienė, G.; Šilinis, L. Flow Regime Changes: From Impounding a Temperate Lowland River to Small Hydropower Operations. Energies 2015, 8(7), 7478-7501; doi:10.3390/en8077478 --- Reid, G.; Wynn, G. The Future of Solar Power in the United Kingdom. Energies 2015, 8(8), 7818-7832; doi:10.3390/en8087818 --- Scott, C.; Sugg, Z. Global Energy Development and Climate-Induced Water Scarcity—Physical Limits, Sectoral Constraints, and Policy Imperatives. Energies 2015, 8(8), 8211-8225; doi:10.3390/en8088211 --- Lilliestam, J.; Patt, A. Barriers, Risks and Policies for Renewables in the Gulf States. Energies 2015, 8(8), 8263-8285; doi:10.3390/en8088263 --- Van Ackere, S.; Van Eetvelde, G.; Schillebeeckx, D.; Papa, E.; Van Wyngene, K.; Vandevelde, L. Wind Resource Mapping Using Landscape Roughness and Spatial Interpolation Methods. Energies 2015, 8(8), 8682-8703; doi:10.3390/en8088682 --- Komendantova, N.; Vocciante, M.; Battaglini, A. Can the BestGrid Process Improve Stakeholder Involvement in Electricity Transmission Projects?. Energies 2015, 8(9), 9407-9433; doi:10.3390/en8099407 --- Kiyar, D.; Wittneben, B. Carbon as Investment Risk—The Influence of Fossil Fuel Divestment on Decision Making at Germany’s Main Power Providers. Energies 2015, 8(9), 9620-9639; doi:10.3390/en8099620 --- Bernardes, L.; Carneiro, J.; Madureira, P.; Brandão, F.; Roque, C. Determination of Priority Study Areas for Coupling CO2 Storage and CH4 Gas Hydrates Recovery in the Portuguese Offshore Area. Energies 2015, 8(9), 10276-10292; doi:10.3390/en80910276 --- Dovì, V.; Battaglini, A. Energy Policy and Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Approach to a Global Problem. Energies 2015, 8(12), 13473-13480; doi:10.3390/en81212379

Description / Table of Contents: Smart algorithms --- Data classification and processing --- Stochastic modelling --- Performance evaluation --- Queuing systems --- Wireless networks and security --- Image processing and computer vision

Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Part I: The Concept of Anti-Fragility: 1 Introduction --- 2 Achieving Anti-Fragility --- 3 The Need to Build Trust --- 4 Principles Ensuring Anti-Fragility --- Part II: Anti-Fragility to Downtime: 5 Anti-Fragile Cloud Solutions --- 6 An Anti-Fragile e-Government System --- 7 Anti-Fragile Cloud-Based Telecom Systems --- Part III: Anti-Fragility to Malware: 8 Robustness to Malware Spreading --- 9 Robustness to Malware Reinfections --- 10 Anti-Fragility to Malware Spreading --- Part IV: Anomaly Detection: 11 The Cortical Learning Algorithm --- 12 Detecting Anomalies with the CLA --- Part V: Future Anti-Fragile Systems: 13 Summary and Future Work --- About the Author --- References --- Index

Description / Table of Contents: Once Neglected, Now Emerging and Absolutely Necessary: On the History of Digital Humanities or An Introduction --- Why Oral History? ---  ‘Individuation is There in all the Different Strata:’ an Oral History Conversation between John Burrows, Hugh Craig and Willard McCarty --- ‘It was a Time When the University was Still Taking Account of the Meaning of universitas scientiarum’: an Oral History Conversation between Wilhelm Ott and Julianne Nyhan --- ‘hic Rhodus, hic salta’: An Oral History Interview Between Tito Orlandi and Julianne Nyhan --- ‘They Took a Chance’: An Oral History Conversation between Susan Hockey and Julianne Nyhan ---  ‘And Here We go Back Again to the Influence of Algorithmic Thinking’: An Oral History conversation between Judy Malloy and Julianne Nyhan --- ‘I Would Think of Myself as Sitting Inside the Computer, Moving Things Around in Order to Accomplish the Goal of my Programming’: An Oral History Conversation Between Mary Dee Harris and Julianne Nyhan --- ‘I Was Absolutely Convinced That There Had to be a Better Way’: An Oral History Conversation Between John Nitti and Julianne Nyhan --- ‘It’s a Little Mind-Boggling Actually’: An Oral History Conversation between Helen Agüera and Julianne Nyhan ---  ‘I Heard About the Arrival of the Computer’: An Oral History Conversation Between Hans Rutimann and Julianne Nyhan ---  ‘Langezeit habe ich der Universitaet nachgetrauert’: An Oral History Conversation between Michael Sperberg-McQueen and Julianne Nyhan.-‘It’s Probably the Only Modestly Widely used System with a Command Language in Latin’: An Oral History Conversation Between Manfred Thaller and Julianne Nyhan ---  ‘I was Keen on Getting Computers into Humanists’ Thinking’: An Oral History Conversation Between John Bradley and Julianne Nyhan ---  ‘Moderate Expectations, Tolerable Disappointments’: An Oral History Conversation between Claus Huitfeldt and Julianne Nyhan --- ‘So, Into the Chopper it Went’: An Oral History Conversation between Gabriel Egan and Julianne Nyhan --- Revolutionaries and Underdogs --- By Way of a Conclusion

Description / Table of Contents: Basic concepts on systems of systems --- interfaces in evolving cyber-physical systems-of-systems --- emergence in cyber-physical systems-of-systems (CPSOSS) --- AMADEOS sysml profile for SoS conceptual modeling --- AMADEOS framework and supporting tools --- time and resilient master clocks in cyber-physical systems --- managing dynamicity in SoS --- case study definition and implementation

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: DevOps: Conflict to Collaboration --- Chapter 1: DevOps in the Ascendency --- Chapter 2: IT Impasse --- Chapter 3: DevOps Foundations --- Part II: Essential DevOps Tooling --- Chapter 4: Build: DevOps Driven APIs --- Chapter 5: Test: Championing Quality - Continuously --- Chapter 6: Deploy --- Chapter 7: Manage: Agile Operations --- Part III: Tuning and Continuous Improvement --- Chapter 8: Practical DevOps --- Chapter 9: DevOps and Real World ROI --- Chapter 10: Ready, Set, DevOps!

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction --- Chapter 2 Misperception of Risk --- Chapter 3 Governance and Internal Partnerships --- Chapter 4 External Partnerships --- Chapter 5 People Are the Perimeter --- Chapter 6 Emerging Capabilities and Usage Models --- Chapter 7 A New Security Architecture to Improve Business Agility --- Chapter 8 Looking to the Future --- Chapter 9 Corporate Social Responsibility --- Chapter 10 The 21st Century CISO --- Chapter 11 Performance Coaching --- Appendix A: References.

Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction --- Part I Business Operation Support --- 2 Subject-Oriented Business Processes Meet Strategic Management: Two Case Studies from the Manufacturing Industry --- 3 Communication- and Value-Based Organizational Development at the University Clinic for Radiotherapy-Radiation Oncology --- 4 Introducing S-BPM at an IT Service Providers --- 5 A Service Hardware Application Case Fiducia --- 6 Designing an Agile Process Layer for Competitive Differentiation --- Part II Consultancy and Education Support --- 7 Model as You Do: Engaging an S-BPM Vendor on Process Modelling in 3D Virtual Worlds --- 8 A Tangible Modeling Interface for Subject-Oriented Business Process Management --- 9 A Reference Model for Maintenance Processes --- 10 Role and Rights Management --- 11 Embodying Business Rules in S-BPM --- 12 Agents Implementing Subject Behaviour: A Manufacturing Scenario --- Part III Technical Execution Support --- 13 An Abstract State Machine Interpreter for S-BPM --- 14 Structured Communication—Approaching S-BPM with Microsoft Technologies --- 15 ERP Integration in S-BPM Processes

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Artistic Contributions --- The Computer Age --- Odes to Ted Nelson --- Part II: Peer Histories --- The Two-eyed Man --- Ted Nelson’s Xanadu—Caution: Four Letter Words Ahead --- Hanging Out with Ted Nelson --- Riffing on Ted Nelson—Hypermind --- Intertwingled Inspiration --- An Advanced Book for Beginners --- Part III: Hypertext and Ted Nelson-Influenced Research --- The Importance of Ted’s Vision --- Data, Metadata and Ted --- Making Links: Everything Really is Deeply Intertwingled --- Ted Nelson --- History Debugged --- We Can and Must Understand Computers NOW --- The Future of Transclusion --- Ted Nelson: A Critical (and Critically Incomplete) Bibliography --- Part IV: The Last Word --- What Box?

Description / Table of Contents: A Practical Guide to TPM 2.0: Using the Trusted Platform Module in the New Age of Security is a straight-forward primer for developers. It shows security and TPM concepts, demonstrating their use in real applications that the reader can try out. Simply put, this book is designed to empower and excite the programming community to go out and do cool things with the TPM. The approach is to ramp the reader up quickly and keep their interest.A Practical Guide to TPM 2.0: Using the Trusted Platform Module in the New Age of Security explains security concepts, describes the TPM 2.0 architecture, and provides code and pseudo-code examples in parallel, from very simple concepts and code to highly complex concepts and pseudo-code. The book includes instructions for the available execution environments and real code examples to get readers up and talking to the TPM quickly. The authors then help the users expand on that with pseudo-code descriptions of useful applications using the TPM

Description / Table of Contents: Could oil prices stay lower for longer? What would it take for this to happen and what it would mean for energy security and for the energy transition? - India is set for a period of rapid, sustained growth in energy demand: how could this re-shape the energy scene? - What do new climate pledges mean for the way that the world meets its rising needs for energy?- What are the implications of the rising coverage of energy efficiency policies and the growing competitiveness of renewables? - Is the unconventional gas revolution going to go global, or to remain a North American phenomenon? These issues – and many more – are discussed here, with a special focus on India accompanying the customary, in-depth WEO analysis of the prospects for all fossil fuels, renewables, the power sector and energy efficiency around the world to 2040.

Description / Table of Contents: This joint report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the eighth in a series of studies on electricity generating costs, presenting levilised cost of electricity projections for baseload and renewable generation plants commissioned in 2020, except where noted, in 22 countries. As policy makers work to ensure that the power supply is reliable, secure and affordable, while making it increasingly clean and sustainable in the context of the debate on climate change, it is becoming more crucial that they understand what determines the relative cost of electricity generation using fossil fuel, nuclear or renewable sources of energy. A wide range of fuels and technologies are presented in the report, including natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, solar, onshore and offshore wind, biomass and biogas, geothermal, and combined heat and power, drawing on a database from surveys of investment and operating costs that include a larger number of countries than previous editions. The analysis of more than 180 plants, based on data covering 22 countries, reveals several key trends, pointing, for example, to a significant decline in recent years in the cost of renewable generation. The report also reveals that nuclear energy costs remain in line with the cost of other baseload technologies, particularly in markets that value decarbonisation. Overall, cost drivers of the different generating technologies remain both market-specific and technology-specific. Readers will find a wealth of details and analysis, supported by over 200 figures and tables, underlining this report’s value as a tool for decision makers and researchers concerned with energy policies, climate change and the evolution of power sectors around the world.

Description / Table of Contents: As climate negotiators work towards a deal that would limit the increase in global temperatures, interest is growing in the essential role technology innovation can and must play in enabling the transition to a low-carbon energy system. Indeed, recent success stories clearly indicate that there is significant and untapped potential for accelerating innovation in clean technologies if proper policy frameworks are in place. In an especially timely analysis, the 2015 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP 2015) examines innovation in the energy technology sector and seeks to increase confidence in the feasibility of achieving short- and long-term climate change mitigation targets through effective research, development, demonstration and deployment (RDD&D). ETP 2015 identifies regulatory strategies and co-operative frameworks to advance innovation in areas like variable renewables, carbon capture and storage, and energy-intensive industrial sectors. The report also shows how emerging economies, and China in particular, can foster a low-carbon transition through innovation in energy technologies and policy. Finally, ETP 2015 features the IEA annual Tracking Clean Energy Progress report, which this year shows that efforts to decarbonise the global energy sector are lagging further behind. By setting out pathways to a sustainable energy future and by incorporating detailed and transparent quantitative modelling analysis and well-rounded commentary, ETP 2015 and its series of related publications are required reading for experts in the energy field, policy makers and heads of governments, as well as business leaders and investors.

Description / Table of Contents: Geothermal energy has been harnessed for recreational uses for millennia, but only for electricity generation for a little over a century. Although geothermal is unique amongst renewables for its baseload and renewable heat provision capabilities, uptake continues to lag far behind that of solar and wind. This is mainly attributable to (i) uncertainties over resource availability in poorly-explored reservoirs and (ii) the concentration of full-lifetime costs into early-stage capital expenditure (capex). Recent advances in reservoir characterization techniques are beginning to narrow the bounds of exploration uncertainty, both by improving estimates of reservoir geometry and properties, and by providing pre-drilling estimates of temperature at depth. Advances in drilling technologies and management have potential to significantly lower initial capex, while operating expenditure is being further reduced by more effective reservoir management—supported by robust models—and increasingly efficient energy conversion systems (flash, binary and combined-heat-and-power). Advances in characterization and modelling are also improving management of shallow low-enthalpy resources that can only be exploited using heat-pump technology. Taken together with increased public appreciation of the benefits of geothermal, the technology is finally ready to take its place as a mainstream renewable technology, exploited far beyond its traditional confines in the world’s volcanic regions.

Description / Table of Contents: Innovative Technologies for an Engaging Classroom (iTEC) --- Development of the Future Classroom Toolkit --- Designing Edukata, a Participatory Design Model for Creating Learning Activities --- The iTEC Technical Artefacts, Architecture and Educational Cloud --- The Composer: Creating, Sharing and Facilitating Learning Designs --- Recommender Systems --- Resources beyond Content for Open Education --- The iTEC Widget Store --- The Impact and Potential of iTEC: Evidence from large-scale Validation in School Classrooms

Description / Table of Contents: Machine learning techniques provide cost-effective alternatives to traditional methods for extracting underlying relationships between information and data and for predicting future events by processing existing information to train models. Efficient Learning Machines explores the major topics of machine learning, including knowledge discovery, classifications, genetic algorithms, neural networking, kernel methods, and biologically-inspired techniques. Mariette Awad and Rahul Khanna’s synthetic approach weaves together the theoretical exposition, design principles, and practical applications of efficient machine learning. Their experiential emphasis, expressed in their close analysis of sample algorithms throughout the book, aims to equip engineers, students of engineering, and system designers to design and create new and more efficient machine learning systems. Readers of Efficient Learning Machines will learn how to recognize and analyze the problems that machine learning technology can solve for them, how to implement and deploy standard solutions to sample problems, and how to design new systems and solutions. Advances in computing performance, storage, memory, unstructured information retrieval, and cloud computing have coevolved with a new generation of machine learning paradigms and big data analytics, which the authors present in the conceptual context of their traditional precursors. Awad and Khanna explore current developments in the deep learning techniques of deep neural networks, hierarchical temporal memory, and cortical algorithms. Nature suggests sophisticated learning techniques that deploy simple rules to generate highly intelligent and organized behaviors with adaptive, evolutionary, and distributed properties. The authors examine the most popular biologically-inspired algorithms, together with a sample application to distributed datacenter management. They also discuss machine learning techniques for addressing problems of multi-objective optimization in which solutions in real-world systems are constrained and evaluated based on how well they perform with respect to multiple objectives in aggregate. Two chapters on support vector machines and their extensions focus on recent improvements to the classification and regression techniques at the core of machine learning

Description / Table of Contents: Energy Efficient Servers: Blueprints for Data Center Optimization introduces engineers and IT professionals to the power management technologies and techniques used in energy efficient servers. The book includes a deep examination of different features used in processors, memory, interconnects, I/O devices, and other platform components. It outlines the power and performance impact of these features and the role firmware and software play in initialization and control. Using examples from cloud, HPC, and enterprise environments, the book demonstrates how various power management technologies are utilized across a range of server utilization. It teaches the reader how to monitor, analyze, and optimize their environment to best suit their needs. It shares optimization techniques used by data center administrators and system optimization experts at the world’s most advanced data centers

Description / Table of Contents: Embedded Firmware Solutions is the perfect introduction and daily-use field guide--for the thousands of firmware designers, hardware engineers, architects, managers, and developers--to Intel’s new firmware direction (including Quark coverage), showing how to integrate Intel® Architecture designs into their plans. Featuring hands-on examples and exercises using Open Source codebases, like Coreboot and EFI Development Kit (tianocore) and Chromebook, this is the first book that combines a timely and thorough overview of firmware solutions for the rapidly evolving embedded ecosystem with in-depth coverage of requirements and optimization

Description / Table of Contents: A Practical Guide to TPM 2.0: Using the Trusted Platform Module in the New Age of Security is a straight-forward primer for developers. It shows security and TPM concepts, demonstrating their use in real applications that the reader can try out. Simply put, this book is designed to empower and excite the programming community to go out and do cool things with the TPM. The approach is to ramp the reader up quickly and keep their interest.A Practical Guide to TPM 2.0: Using the Trusted Platform Module in the New Age of Security explains security concepts, describes the TPM 2.0 architecture, and provides code and pseudo-code examples in parallel, from very simple concepts and code to highly complex concepts and pseudo-code. The book includes instructions for the available execution environments and real code examples to get readers up and talking to the TPM quickly. The authors then help the users expand on that with pseudo-code descriptions of useful applications using the TPM

Description / Table of Contents: Since WEO-2008, the economic downturn has led to a drop in energy use, CO2 emissions and energy investment. Is this an opportunity to arrest climate change or a threat that any economic upturn might be stifled at birth? What package of commitments and measures should the climate negotiators at Copenhagen put together if they really want to stop global temperatures rising? How much would it cost? And how much might the developed world have to pay to finance action elsewhere? How big is the gas resource base and what is the typical pattern of production from a gas field? What does the unconventional gas boom in the United States mean for the rest of the world? Are we headed for a global gas glut? What role will gas play in the future energy mix? And how might the way gas is priced change? All these questions and many others are answered in WEO-2009. The data are extensive, the projections more detailed than ever and the analyses compelling.

Description / Table of Contents: Since 2005, the OECD and IEA have been examining the possibility to expand international carbon markets by granting broader access to developing countries. This note summarises key elements in this area, drawing on earlier publications done under the aegis of the Annex I Expert Group on the UNFCCC (AIXG).

Description / Table of Contents: This special early excerpt of WEO-2009 is a contribution from the energy sector to inform the negotiations leading into Copenhagen. It summarises the results of a fully-updated Reference Sceario, detailing by sector and by country/region the trends in energy use and emissions and the investments and funding needed to meet the 450 Scenario.

Description / Table of Contents: This article assesses the long-term economic and climatic effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical global climate change mitigation policy. Based on emission trends, abatement costs and equilibrium climate sensitivity from IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms that price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. Furthermore,this analysis shows that rigid targets may entail greater economic risks with little or no comparative advantage for the climate. More ambitious emission objectives, combined with price caps and price floors, could still entail significantly lower expected costs while driving similar, or even slightly better, climatic outcomes in probabilistic terms.

Description / Table of Contents: Industry accounts for one-third of global energy use and almost 40% of worldwide CO2 emissions. Achieving substantial emissions reduction in the future will require urgent action from industry. Industry accounts for one-third of global energy use and almost 40% of worldwide CO2 emissions. Achieving substantial emissions reduction in the future will require urgent action from industry. What are the likely future trends in energy use and CO2 emissions from industry? What impact could the application of best available technologies have on these trends? Which new technologies are needed if these sectors are to fully play their role in a more secure and sustainable energy future? Energy Technology Transitions for Industry addresses these questions through detailed sectoral and regional analyses, building on the insights of crucial IEA findings, such as Energy Technology Perspectives 2008: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050. It contains new indicators and methodologies as well as scenario results for the following sectors: iron and steel, cement, chemicals, pulp and paper and aluminium sectors. The report discusses the prospects for new low-carbon technologies and outlines potential technology transition paths for the most important industrial sectors. This publication is one of three new end-use studies, together with transport and buildings, which look at the role of technologies in transforming the way energy is used in these sectors.

Description / Table of Contents: This article assesses the long-term economic and climatic effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical global climate change mitigation policy. Based on emission trends, abatement costs and equilibrium climate sensitivity from IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms that price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends.In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. Furthermore,this analysis shows that rigid targets may entail greater economic risks with little or no comparative advantage for the climate. More ambitious emission objectives, combined with price caps and price floors, could still entail significantly lower expected costs while driving similar, or even slightly better, climatic outcomes in probabilistic terms.

Description / Table of Contents: This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. With price caps, the expected costs could be reduced by about 50% and the uncertainty on economic costs could be one order of magnitude lower. Reducing economic uncertainties may spur the adoption of more ambitious policies by helping to alleviate policy makers’ concerns of economic risks. Meanwhile, price floors would reduce the level of emissions beyond the objective if the abatement costs ended up lower than forecasted. If caps and floors are commensurate with the ambition of the policy pursued and combined with slightly tightened emission objectives, climatic results could be on average similar to those achieved with “straight” objectives (i.e. with no cost-containment mechanism). This papers reviews current proposals in the UNFCCC negotiations for future mechanisms to report and record Parties’ GHG mitigation actions and commitments, as well as support provided for such actions. It explores the possible purposes, coverage and form of a reporting/recording mechanism post-2012 and highlights the decision points that are needed in order to establish such a mechanism. It examines what information such a mechanism could include in terms of actions, commitments and support, as well as the institutional implications of different design options.

Description / Table of Contents: This paper first reviews proposals for the design of sectoral and related market mechanisms currently debated, both in the UNFCCC negotiations, and in different domestic legislative contexts. Secondly, it addresses the possible principles and technical requirements that Parties may wish to consider as the foundations for further elaboration of the mechanisms. The third issue explored herein is domestic implementation of sectoral market mechanisms by host countries, incentives to move to new market mechanisms, as well as how the transition between current and future mechanisms could be managed.

Description / Table of Contents: Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable Mitigation Actions and Support

Description / Table of Contents: This paper compares model estimates of national and sectoral GHG mitigation potential across six key OECD GHG-emitting economies: Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Mexico and the US. It examines the implications of model structure, baseline and policy assumptions, and assesses GHG mitigation potential estimates across a variety of models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies.

Description / Table of Contents: Coal Mine Methane in China

Description / Table of Contents: Investment in the energy system of tomorrow requires substantial resources and informed policy making to achieve energy-security,economic and environmental objectives. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates 26 trillion USD in investments will be needed in the energy sector by 2030 to sustain current energy trends. Energy business-as-usual, however, and the resulting environmental impacts, are not sustainable as they result in energy insecurity and climate damages. Investment in the energy system of tomorrow requires substantial resources and informed policy making to achieve energy-security, economic and environmental objectives. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates 26 trillion USD in investments will be needed in the energy sector by 2030 to sustain current energy trends. Energy business-as-usual, however, and the resulting environmental impacts, are not sustainable as they result in energy insecurity and climate damages.

Description / Table of Contents: The report, released at the COGEN Europe meeting in Brussels on 21 April 2009, provides “best practice” policy approaches used by different countries to expand CHP and district energy use. The report follows the 2008 IEA CHP study as part of the IEA International CHP Collaborative effort.

Description / Table of Contents: This paper is a background document on the global chemical and petrochemical sector for the IEA publication Energy Technology Transitions in Industry (IEA, 2009). It provides further, more detailed information on the methodology and data issues for energy efficiency indicators for the sector. The indicators discussed offer insight regarding the energy efficiency improvement potential in the short- to medium-term (by proven technologies). This paper is a background document on the global chemical and petrochemical sector for the IEA publication Energy Technology Transitions in Industry (IEA, 2009). It provides further, more detailed information on the methodology and data issues for energy efficiency indicators for the sector. The indicators discussed offer insight regarding the energy efficiency improvement potential in the short- to medium-term (by proven technologies).

Description / Table of Contents: This information paper provides policy makers and managers, facing tough energy policy challenges, with a wider perspective of how the same issues are being addressed by different IEA member countries. The topics included are: Government structures for co-ordinating energy and climate policies The use of long-term energy forecasts and scenarios Progress in the delivery of key energy security policies

Description / Table of Contents: Addressing climate change requires nothing short of an energy revolution. Electricity, mostly generated from fossil fuels, is at the core of this challenge, accounting for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Addressing climate change requires nothing short of an energy revolution. Electricity, mostly generated from fossil fuels, is at the core of this challenge, accounting for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Sectoral Approaches in Electricity – Building Bridges to a Safe Climate shows how the international climate policy framework could effectively support a transition towards low-CO2 electricity systems in developing countries. Sectoral approaches are intended to address sectors that require urgent actions, without waiting for countries to take nation-wide commitments. Once built, power generation capacity lasts for decades. Investing massively in CO2-intensive technologies to meet surging electricity demand will either make it impossible or overly costly to stabilise CO2 concentrations at sustainable levels. The technology mix needed to avoid such a development is clear: higher generation efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, nuclear and renewables. Earlier IEA publications have extensively reviewed developed countries’ efforts to steer generation away from carbon-intensive production modes, from dedicated support to low-carbon technologies to, increasingly, the reliance on CO2 pricing via emissions trading. Following the same logic, there are proposals seeking to use the international carbon market to drive changes at sectoral level in developing countries. This publication illustrates the pros and cons of such an approach in a few key emerging economies. It also asks how international climate policy could support and enhance ongoing efforts on end-use energy efficiency - an essential piece of the climate change/electricity puzzle.

Description / Table of Contents: China’s rapid economic growth has aroused intense interest around the world. Policy makers, industrialists, investors, environmentalists, researchers and others want to better understand the issues that this populous nation faces as it further develops an already thriving economy largely fuelled by coal. This study sheds light on the Chinese coal supply and transformation sectors. China’s rapid economic growth has aroused intense interest around the world. Policy makers, industrialists, investors, environmentalists, researchers and others want to better understand the issues that this populous nation faces as it further develops an already thriving economy largely fuelled by coal. This study sheds light on the Chinese coal supply and transformation sectors. China’s coal, mined locally and available at a relatively low cost, has brought enormous benefits to energy consumers in China and to those outside the country who enjoy the products of its coal-based economy. Yet from another perspective, China’s coal use has a high cost. Despite progress, health and safety in the thousands of small coal mines lag far behind the standards achieved in China’s modern, large mines. Environmental degradation is a real and pressing problem at all stages of coal production, supply and use. Adding to these burdens, emissions of carbon dioxide are of concern to the Chinese government as it embarks on its own climate protection strategy. Technology solutions are already transforming the way coal is used in China and elsewhere. This study explores the context in which the development and deployment of these technologies can be accelerated. Providing a large amount of new data, it describes in detail the situation in China as well as the experiences of other countries in making coal cleaner. Above all, the report calls for much greater levels of collaboration – existing bi-lateral and multi-lateral co-operation with China on coal is found lacking. China’s growing openness presents many commercial opportunities. Establishing a global market for cleaner coal technologies is key to unlocking the potential of technology – one of ten major recommendations made in this study.

Description / Table of Contents: The IEA has identified energy efficiency as essential to achieving a sustainable energy future. In order to improve energy efficiency in industry one of the priority areas for further action is the promotion of more and higher quality energy management (EM) activity. However, there are significant gaps in the current implementation of EM. One method of bridging these gaps would be the creation of an EM Action NetworK (EMAK) to bring practical support to energy managers, connect energy managers to energy policy makers, and interconnect these networks globally.

Description / Table of Contents: An Assessment of Technology, Policy and Financial Issues Relating to CMM in China, based on Interviews Conducted at Coal Mines in Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces.

Description / Table of Contents: This paper discusses coal mine methane emissions (CMM) in the Russian Federation and the potential for their productive utilisation. It highlights specific opportunities for cost-effective reductions of CMM from oil and natural gas facilities, coal mines and landfills, with the aim of improving knowledge about effective policy approaches.

Description / Table of Contents: This report explores the effects of the EU emissions trading scheme on the aluminium sector (i.e. competitiveness loss and carbon leakage). With its very high electricity intensity, primary aluminium stands out in the heavy industry picture: a sector whose emissions are not capped in the present EU ETS, European aluminium smelters still stand to lose profit margins and, possibly, market shares, as electricity prices increase following CO2 caps on generators’ emissions - the famous pass-through of CO2 prices into electricity prices. The analysis includes a method of quantification of this issue, based on two indicators: profit margins and trade flows. As the EU is at the forefront of such policy, the paper provides policy messages to all countries on how trade exposed energy-intensive industries can be ‘moved’ by carbon constraint. This also is a contentious topic in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and the US, where ambitious climate policies – including cap-and-trade systems – are currently debated.

Description / Table of Contents: This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. See also Assessing the value of price caps and floors, November 2009 This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. With price caps, the expected costs could be reduced by about 50% and the uncertainty on economic costs could be one order of magnitude lower. Reducing economic uncertainties may spur the adoption of more ambitious policies by helping to alleviate policy makers’ concerns of economic risks. Meanwhile, price floors would reduce the level of emissions beyond the objective if the abatement costs ended up lower than forecasted. If caps and floors are commensurate with the ambition of the policy pursued and combined with slightly tightened emission objectives, climatic results could be on average similar to those achieved with “straight” objectives (i.e. with no cost-containment mechanism).

Description / Table of Contents: Climate change is a major challenge. Secure, reliable and affordable energy supplies are needed for economic growth, but increases in the associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the cause of major concern. About 69% of all CO2 emissions, and 60% of all greenhouse gas emissions, are energy-related. Recent IEA analysis in Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 (ETP) projects that the CO2 emissions attributable to the energy sector will increase by 130% by 2050 in the absence of new policies or supply constraints, largely as a result of increased fossil fuel usage. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report indicates that such a rise in emissions could lead to a temperature increase in the range of 4-7°C, with major impacts on the environment and human activity. It is widely agreed that a halving of energy-related CO2 emissions is needed by 2050 to limit the expected temperature increase to less than 3 degrees. To achieve this will take an energy technology revolution involving increased energy effi ciency, increased renewable energies and nuclear power, and the decarbonisation of power generation from fossil fuels. The only technology available to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large-scale fossil fuel usage is CO2 capture and storage (CCS). The ETP scenarios demonstrate that CCS will need to contribute nearly one-fi fth of the necessary emissions reductions to reduce global GHG emissions by 50% by 2050 at a reasonable cost. CCS is therefore essential to the achievement of deep emission cuts. Most of the major world economies recognise this, and have CCS technology development programmes designed to achieve commercial deployment. In fact, at the 2008 Hokkaido Toyako summit, the G8 countries endorsed the IEA’s recommendation that 20 large-scale CCS demonstration projects need to be committed by 2010, with a view to beginning broad deployment by 2020. Ministers specifi cally asked for an assessment by the IEA in 2010 of the implementation of these recommendations, as well as an assessment of progress towards accelerated deployment and commercialisation. Current spending and activity levels are nowhere near enough to achieve these deployment goals. CCS technology demonstration has been held back for a number of reasons. In particular, CCS technology costs have increased signifi cantly in the last 5 years. In the absence of suitable fi nancial mechanisms to support CCS, including signifi cant public and private funding for nearterm demonstrations and longer-term integration of CCS into GHG regulatory and incentive schemes, high costs have precluded the initiation of large-scale CCS projects. The regulatory framework necessary to support CCS projects also needs to be further developed. Despite important progress, especially in relation to international marine protection treaties, no country has yet developed the comprehensive, detailed legal and regulatory framework that is necessary effectively to govern the use of CCS. CCS is also poorly understood by the general public. As a result, there is a general lack of public support for CCS as compared to several other GHG mitigation options. This report attempts to address some of these issues by collecting the best global information about the cost and performance of CO2 capture, transport and storage technologies throughout the CCS project chain. Chapters 1-4 contain this information, and use it to conduct a scenario analysis of the role of CCS in climate change mitigation. Chapter 5 discusses the fi nancial incentive mechanisms that governments can use to provide both short- and long-term incentives for CCS. This chapter also contains an expansion and update of the 2007 IEA publication Legal Aspects of CO2 Storage: Updates and Recommendations and examines the current state of public awareness and acceptance of the relevant technologies. Chapter 6 includes a review of the status of CCS policies, research and demonstration programmes, and CO2 storage prospects for several regions and countries. Chapter 7 concludes with a proposed CCS roadmap that includes the necessary technical, political, fi nancial and international collaboration activities to enable CCS to make the contribution it needs to make to global GHG mitigation in the coming decades.

Description / Table of Contents: At their 2007 Summit in Heiligendamm, G8 leaders called on countries to “adopt instruments and measures to significantly increase the share of combined heat and power (CHP) in the generation of electricity.” As a result, energy, economic, environmental and utility regulators are looking for tools and information to understand the potential of CHP and to identify appropriate policies for their national circumstances. This report forms the first part of the response. It includes answers to policy makers’ questions about the potential economic, energy and environmental benefits of an increased policy commitment to CHP. It also includes for the first time integrated IEA data on global CHP installations, and analyses the benefits of increased CHP investment in the G8+5 countries. A companion report will be produced later in 2008 to document best practice policy approaches that have been used to expand the use of CHP in a variety of countries.

Description / Table of Contents: This report explores the vulnerability of heavy industry to carbon leakage and competitiveness loss. It reviews the existing literature on competitiveness and carbon leakage under uneven climate policies. It also suggests a statistical method to track carbon leakage, and applies this methodology to Phase I of the EU emissions trading scheme, for various industrial activities: iron and steel, cement, aluminium and refineries. Finally, it reviews measures to mitigate carbon leakage, as discussed in Australia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand and the US.

Description / Table of Contents: Are world oil and gas supplies under threat? How could a new international accord on stabilising greenhouse-gas emissions affect global energy markets? World Energy Outlook 2008 answers these and other burning questions. WEO-2008 draws on the experience of another turbulent year in energy markets to provide new energy projections to 2030, region by region and fuel by fuel. It incorporates the latest data and policies. WEO-2008 focuses on two pressing issues facing the energy sector today: - Prospects for oil and gas production: How much oil and gas exists and how much can be produced? Will investment be adequate? Through field-by-field analysis of production trends at 800 of the world’s largest oilfields, an assessment of the potential for finding and developing new reserves and a bottom-up analysis of upstream costs and investment, WEO-2008 takes a hard look at future global oil and gas supply. - Post-2012 climate scenarios: What emissions limits might emerge from current international negotiations on climate change? What role could cap-and-trade and sectoral approaches play in moving to a low-carbon energy future? Two different scenarios are assessed, one in which the atmospheric concentration of emissions is stabilised at 550 parts per million (ppm) in CO2 equivalent terms and the second at the still more ambitious level of 450 ppm. The implications for energy demand, prices, investment, air pollution and energy security are fully spelt out. This groundbreaking analysis will enable policy makers to distill the key choices as they strive to agree in Copenhagen in 2009 on a post-Kyoto climate framework. With extensive data, detailed projections and in-depth analysis, WEO-2008 provides invaluable insights into the prospects for the global energy market and what they mean for climate change.

Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this IEA Information Paper is to help policy makers and other stakeholders understand the challenges facing the incorporation of high efficiency combined heat and power (CHP) into greenhouse gas (GHG) Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs) – and to propose options for overcoming them.

Description / Table of Contents: The conflicts over the break-up of the former Yugoslavia damaged much of the energy infrastructure and compounded the challenge of providing reliable energy supply. The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. The conflicts over the break-up of the former Yugoslavia damaged much of the energy infrastructure and compounded the challenge of providing reliable energy supply. Electricity systems in many parts of the region remain fragile and in need of investment. A priority across the region is to put into place the institutions, infrastructure and policies that can support the provision of reliable, affordable and sustainable energy. For the Western Balkans as a whole, a key element of the reform effort is the Energy Community Treaty – a regulatory and market framework to which the entire region has now subscribed. This Treaty aims to create an integrated regional market for electricity and gas compatible with the European Union’s internal energy market. This Energy Policy Survey is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use.

Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse current approaches to encourage energy efficiency in building codes for new buildings. Based on this analysis the paper enumerates policy recommendations for enhancing how energy efficiency is addressed in building codes and other policies for new buildings. This paper forms part of the IEA work for the G8 Gleneagles Plan of Action. These recommendations reflect the study of different policy options for increasing energy efficiency in new buildings and examination of other energy efficiency requirements in standards or building codes, such as energy efficiency requirements by major renovation or refurbishment. In many countries, energy efficiency of buildings falls under the jurisdiction of the federal states. Different standards cover different regions or climatic conditions and different types of buildings, such as residential or simple buildings, commercial buildings and more complicated high-rise buildings. There are many different building codes in the world and the intention of this paper is not to cover all codes on each level in all countries. Instead, the paper details different regions of the world and different ways of standards. In this paper we also evaluate good practices based on local traditions. This project does not seek to identify one best practice amongst the building codes and standards. Instead, different types of codes and different parts of the regulation have been illustrated together with examples on how they have been successfully addressed. To complement this discussion of efficiency standards, this study illustrates how energy efficiency can be improved through such initiatives as efficiency labelling or certification, very best practice buildings with extremely low- or no-energy consumption and other policies to raise buildings’ energy efficiency beyond minimum requirements. When referring to the energy saving potentials for buildings, this study uses the analysis of recent IEA publications, including the World Energy Outlook 2006 (WEO) and Energy Technology Perspective (ETP). Here, we based the estimates of potentials on the scenarios presented, in particular on the predictions of consumption in the residential and commercial sectors in the WEO 2006. Finally, this paper recommends policies which could be used to realise these large and feasible energy saving potentials in new buildings, and the use of building codes by renovation or refurbishment. The paper addresses as well experts as policy makers and interest groups with particular interest in energy efficiency in new buildings. Some parts might hence seem simplified and known for some experts, such as the discussions on barriers or the climatic impact on efficiency. Other parts might on the other hand seem a little technical for the policy oriented reader or for some interest groups. But there are large and compelling opportunities, this is recognised by many experts as well as there is a will to act by many policymakers and governments. But still too little happen because there are barriers and low understanding also in the institutional parts or little communications between different layers of the implementation process. The paper hence aims to bridge these gabs by addressing several different groups at the same time. So hopefully the reader will accept these inconveniences.

Description / Table of Contents: The world needs ever increasing energy supplies to sustain economic growth and development. But energy resources are under pressure and CO2 emissions from today’s energy use already threaten our climate. What options do we have for switching to a cleaner and more efficient energy future? How much will it cost? And what policies do we need? This second edition of Energy Technology Perspectives addresses these questions, drawing on the renowned expertise of the International Energy Agency and its energy technology network. This publication responds to the G8 call on the IEA to provide guidance for decision makers on how to bridge the gap between what is happening and what needs to be done in order to build a clean, clever and competitive energy future. The IEA analysis demonstrates that a more sustainable energy future is within our reach, and that technology is the key. Increased energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables, and nuclear power will all be important. We must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels with its consequent effects on energy security and the environment. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in an ambitious series of global scenarios to 2050. The study contains technology road maps for all key energy sectors, including electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 provides detailed technology and policy insights to help focus the discussion and debate in energy circles..

Description / Table of Contents: The IEA is undertaking a strategic inititive to improve global energy data and analysis by better incorporating energy sector methane emissions and recovery opportunities. The ultimate goal of this effort is to expand opportunities for cost-effective methane reductions from oil and natural gas facilities, landfills, and coal mines. Methane (CH4) is a hydrocarbon that is the primary component of natural gas. It is also a potent greenhouse gas(GHG), meaning that its presence in the atmosphere affects the earth’s temperature and climate system. As a result, efforts to reduce methane emissions by using methane for energy production can yield environmental, economic, and energy benefits.

Description / Table of Contents: World leaders have pledged to act to change the energy future. Some new policies are in place. But the trends in energy demand, imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030 in this year’s World Energy Outlook are even worse than projected in WEO 2006. China and India are the emerging giants of the world economy. Their unprecedented pace of economic development will require ever more energy, but it will transform living standards for billions. There can be no question of asking them selectively to curb growth so as to solve problems which are global. So how is the transition to be achieved to a more secure, lower-carbon energy system? WEO 2007 provides the answers. With extensive statistics, projections in three scenarios, analysis and advice, it shows China, India and the rest of the world why we need to co-operate to change the energy future and how to do it.

Description / Table of Contents: Modern biomass, and the resulting useful forms of bioenergy produced from it, are anticipated by many advocates to provide a significant contribution to the global primary energy supply of many IEA member countries during the coming decades. For non-member countries, particularly those wishing to achieve economic growth as well as meet the goals for sustainable development, the deployment of modern bioenergy projects and the growing international trade in biomass-based energy carriers offer potential opportunities.

Description / Table of Contents: This paper assesses the policy questions as highlighted in the relevant COP/MOP 2 decision, particularly leaks (or seepage) and permanence for geological storage, project boundaries and liability issues, and leakage, as well as a few others raised by some Parties. Since any emissions or leaks during the separation, capture and transport phases would occur during the crediting period of the project (and would therefore be accounted for as project emissions), the paper focuses its analyses for leaks and liability on storage, as it is in this part of the CCS process that long-term leaks could occur.

Description / Table of Contents: At the Gleneagles Summit in July 2005, the G8 heads of state asked the International Energy Agency (IEA) to identify measures to map out the path to a “clean, clever and competitive energy future.” This request came in recognition of the Agency’s strengths and offered the opportunity to draw on its existing expertise and programmes. We responded with a broad array of initiatives to develop strategies to mitigate climate change, secure clean energy and achieve sustainable development.

Description / Table of Contents: This paper examines what “sustainable development policies and measures” (SD-PAMs) could be, and how they could be implemented and could fit into a post-2012 climate regime. This paper assumes that the option to implement SD-PAMs instead of quantified GHG emission commitments post-2012 is an option that would be likely to be only open to non-Annex I countries. There are several key, but unanswered, questions related to SD-PAMs. These include policy-related issues such as which countries could take on commitments to implement SD-PAMs (rather than quantified emission commitments)? Why would particular countries decide to take on such commitments? They also include questions related to how SD-PAMs could be implemented. For many other options for possible post-2012 GHG mitigation actions, including by non-Annex I countries, have also been proposed. However, this paper focuses solely on SD-PAMs.

Description / Table of Contents: This paper provides the latest developments of announced, proposed and existing greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes (ETS) around the world since 2006. It also examines different potential design options for ETS (e.g. coverage, allocation mode, provision for offsets), and how these options are treated in the existing, announced or proposed schemes.

Description / Table of Contents: Due to the growth of international attention on the problem of climate change combined with the attractiveness of methane mitigation technologies, the capture and use of methane in agriculture, coal mines, landfills, and the oil and gas sector has increasingly become popular over the past few years. Highlighting this, several countries hosted the international “Methane to Market” Partnership Conference and Exposition in October 2007 in Beijing, China.