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  • Astrophysics
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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (8)
  • 2015-2019  (8)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1960-1964
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  • 2015-2019  (8)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
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    [In Depth] Debate heats up over black holes as dark matter (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-10
    Beschreibung: Could dark matter consist of primordial black holes, as numerous as the stars? It's an old, improbable idea, but it made a Lazarus-like comeback a year ago, when the discovery of gravitational waves suggested that the cosmos abounds with unexpectedly heavy black holes. Last February physicists with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) announced that they had detected ripples in space from the violent merger of two black holes 29 and 36 times as massive as our sun—more than twice as massive as physicists thought so-called stellar mass black holes could be. If scads of those black holes are out there, then they might account for the 85% of the universe's matter that is missing, one team of physicists argues. However, the idea is now coming under pressure from other directions, including studies of the cosmic microwave background and of tiny dwarf galaxies on the periphery of the Milky Way. And a definitive census of black holes might come in a few years, not from LIGO, but from studies of mysterious fast radio bursts and pulsars. Author: Adrian Cho
    Schlagwort(e): Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    [In Depth] Can dark matter vanquish controversial rival theory? (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-27
    Beschreibung: A long-smoldering feud over the existence of mysterious dark matter is heating up. For decades, a few scientists have argued that dark matter—the stuff thought to make up 85% of the matter in the universe—cannot explain a universal pattern in the motions of spiral galaxies such as our own Milky Way but that a theory called modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) can. Now, a leading theorist argues that dark matter can explain this pattern after all. Since the 1970s, astronomers have known that the outer stars spiral galaxies circulate faster than they could if the gravity from the visible matter in the galaxy alone were pulling on them, suggesting that some unseen dark matter provides the extra gravity needed to hold them in. But in 1983 one theorist proposed instead tweaking Newton's famous second law of motion, which says an object accelerates in proportion to the force on it. MOND's fix would explain why the out stars can circulate so fast. It explains why a galaxy's behavior can be predicted from the distribution of ordinary matter in it alone. But now a team of theorists say that dark matter can also explain that striking phenomena. The key, they say, is the density of the dark matter "halos" in which galaxies form and a certain gravitational interplay between dark and ordinary matter. If correct, the argument could knock the pegs out from under MOND. Author: Adrian Cho
    Schlagwort(e): Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    [In Depth] European gravitational wave detector falters (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-17
    Beschreibung: On 20 February, dignitaries will descend on Virgo, Europe's premier gravitational wave detector near Pisa, Italy, for a dedication ceremony to celebrate a 5-year, €24 million upgrade. But the pomp will belie nagging problems that are likely to keep Virgo from joining its U.S. counterpart, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), in a hunt for gravitational wave sources that was meant to start next month. What has hobbled the 3-kilometer-long observatory: glass threads just 0.4 millimeters thick, which have proved unexpectedly fragile. Virgo should be ready to join LIGO when it resumes observations in spring 2018 after a break, but for now Virgo's sensitivity is compromised. Author: Daniel Clery
    Schlagwort(e): Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    [In Depth] Observations hint at a new recipe for giant black holes (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-13
    Beschreibung: Astronomers have glimpsed a new solution to a long-standing puzzle: how black holes could have grown fast enough to explain the monsters a billion times the mass of the sun seen soon after the big bang. Most black holes are thought to start out as collapsed stars, but they grow too slowly to fit the bill. Instead, theorists have suggested, the behemoth black holes in the early universe could have gotten a head start when huge gas clouds left by the big bang quickly shrank under their own gravity and condensed into black hole seeds 10 thousand to 100 thousand times heavier than the sun. Those seeds would have grown further by sucking in stars and gas. Last week, at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Grapevine, Texas, astronomers reported hints of such "direct collapse" black holes in x-ray and infrared surveys of the early universe. Author: Joshua Sokol
    Schlagwort(e): Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    [In Depth] Titanic balloon sets record and tantalizes scientists (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-08
    Beschreibung: The largest pressurized balloon to be launched by NASA has set a record for endurance: the longest midlatitude flight by a large scientific balloon. For decades, conventional "zero-pressure" balloons have given researchers a high-altitude platform for studying atmospheric chemistry, the cosmic microwave background, and many other phenomena. But at temperate latitudes, the endurance of conventional balloons is limited. So-called superpressure balloons promise to bring that endurance to temperate latitudes, opening new phenomena to observation. Packing 532,000 cubic meters of helium and measuring 114 meters in diameter, NASA's latest superpressure balloon circled the Southern Hemisphere for 46 days, lofting a gamma ray telescope to the edges of space. Author: Patrick Monahan
    Schlagwort(e): Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    [In Depth] LIGO detects another black hole crash (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-17
    Beschreibung: The biggest discovery in science this year—the observation of ripples in space-time called gravitational waves—was no fluke. For a second time, physicists working with the two massive detectors in the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) have detected a pulse of such waves, the LIGO team reported on 15 June at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society in San Diego, California. Once again the waves emanated from the merger of two black holes, the ultraintense gravitational fields left behind when massive stars collapse into infinitesimal points. The new observation suggests that if LIGO's detectors reach their design sensitivity—which physicists hope to achieve by 2019—the observatory will spot dozens or even hundreds of the otherwise undetectable events each year, ushering in a new era of gravitational-wave astronomy. Author: Adrian Cho
    Schlagwort(e): Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    [Book Review] Fear and loathing in the hunt for gravitational waves (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-15
    Beschreibung: On 14 September 2015, at 9:50:45 universal time, humans detected for the first time a gravitational wave—a rippling, infinitesimal stretching of spacetime itself set off when two black holes spiraled into each other. That mind-boggling discovery was made by the 1000 physicists working with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), a duo of enormous optical instruments in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington. Black Hole Blues provides a lively, if not wholly satisfying, account of the 40-year quest to build LIGO. Author: Adrian Cho
    Schlagwort(e): Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    [Perspective] Detecting structure in a protostellar disk (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-30
    Beschreibung: It is now well accepted that stars form from clouds of gas and dust that collapse under their own gravity (1). However, if all the material fell directly onto the young protostar, it would spin up so much that it would ultimately tear itself apart. Instead, most of the material will initially form a thin, rotationally supported, protostellar disk. On page 1519 of this issue, Pérez et al. (2) present a high-resolution image of such a disk, using the Atacama Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). It is this disk that provides mechanisms for transporting angular momentum outward—allowing mass to accrete onto the central protostar—and is the site of planet formation (see the illustration). Author: Ken Rice
    Schlagwort(e): Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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