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  • Oxford University Press  (162,204)
  • Hindawi  (98,097)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
  • 2015-2019  (131,505)
  • 2010-2014  (141,308)
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  • 1
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    Great Policy Successes (2019)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "With so much media and political criticism of their shortcomings and failures, it is easy to overlook the fact that many governments work pretty well much of the time. Great Policy Successes turns the spotlight on instances of public policy that are remarkably successful. It develops a framework for identifying and assessing policy successes, paying attention not just to their programmatic outcomes but also to the quality of the processes by which policies are designed and delivered, the level of support and legitimacy they attain, and the extent to which successful performance endures over time. The bulk of the book is then devoted to 15 detailed case studies of striking policy successes from around the world, including Singapore's public health system, Copenhagen and Melbourne's rise from stilted backwaters to the highly liveable and dynamic urban centres they are today, Brazil's Bolsa Familia poverty relief scheme, the US's GI Bill, and Germany's breakthrough labour market reforms of the 2000s. Each case is set in context, its main actors are introduced, key events and decisions are described, the assessment framework is applied to gauge the nature and level of its success, key contributing factors to success are identified, and potential lessons and future challenges are identified. Purposefully avoiding the kind of heavy theorizing that characterizes many accounts of public policy processes, each case is written in an accessible and narrative style ideally suited for classroom use in conjunction with mainstream textbooks on public policy design, implementation, and evaluation.
    Keywords: public policy ; policy evaluation ; government ; governance ; social policy ; health policy ; economic policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Policy ideas and policy learning about 'basic research' in South Korea (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: ‘Basic research’ is based on epistemological and intentional criteria. In terms of science policy, however, these criteria imply contradictory views on investment in ‘basic research’. The former espouses the linear model of innovation and encourages policy-makers concerned with economic problems to expand investment on basic research. However, the latter can collide with the policy norm of policy-makers and discourage investment in ‘basic research’ in an institutional setting where the nation-state prevails over scientists, as in South Korea. Emphasizing policy ideas and policy learning, this paper empirically shows that changes in investment priority and the emergence of new concepts about ‘basic research’ are co-products of a policy paradigm of the linear model and a policy norm of industrial competitiveness in Korea. Specifically, emphasis was placed on the balance between pure and oriented basic research, but moved on to ‘oriented basic research’, ‘basic engineering’, and to ‘basic research’ coupled with ‘woncheon-technology’.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Collaborative research for academic knowledge creation: How team characteristics, motivation, and processes influence research impact (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Contending that collaboration management practices and interpersonal relationships are the main factors in successful collaboration in R&D, scholars have turned their attention to the relationships between collaborators. Internal factors in research collaboration activities are not yet understood at the team level. They are the so-called black box of collaboration study. The purpose of this paper is to empirically demonstrate how factors relating to team characteristics, motivation, and processes influence research impact. The study works from a multi-theoretical perspective, extending from behavioral science to general management study, and seeks to answer the question: How should we organize and manage a collaborative team to improve its research impact? The empirical results show that, along with previously identified qualitative and quantitative factors, input factors such as: project motivation, transformational leadership, frequent face-to-face communication, more outsourcing, more attentional resource, and more evenly distributed workload improve research impact.
    Print ISSN: 0302-3427
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5430
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    A Customizable Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Building Block for the Synthesis of Classical and Reversible Circuits (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-10
    Description: Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are nanoscale digital logic constructs that use electrons in arrays of quantum dots to carry out binary operations. In this paper, a basic building block for QCA will be proposed. The proposed basic building block can be customized to implement classical gates, such as XOR and XNOR gates, and reversible gates, such as CNOT and Toffoli gates, with less cell count and/or better latency than other proposed designs.
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    Cover Page (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Too Busy to Eat with the Kids? Parental Work and Children's Eating (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Parents influence their children's eating behavior by providing access to certain types of food, creating enjoyable mealtimes and associations with food, and by role modeling. In this study we investigate the association between parental employment and parental time spent eating with their children. Using data from the 2001/02 German Time Budget Survey, we explore associations between time spent eating with children and labor force participation in Germany. We find that parental labor force participation is negatively associated with time spent eating with children. Each additional hour of work per day by the mother is associated with a 2.4 minute decrease in the amount of time the mother spends eating with her children. For paternal hours of work, we find that the more time a father spends working, the less time the child spends eating with the father or with both parents. Overall, we find evidence of mother inter-gender time substitution and some amount of time/food away from home substitution. Understanding how parents allocate their time, where they are most likely to eat, and what drives these decisions is an important endeavor since parents play a critical role in shaping and reinforcing their children's eating practices.
    Keywords: D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Exploring the Role of Incentives in Agricultural Extension Programs (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: While many governments subsidize extension programs, financial incentives for participation in extension programs are rare and little is known about such initiatives. This article assesses whether a financial incentive for an agricultural extension program for dairy farmers in Ireland has an impact on the type of farmer that participates in extension services. The findings reveal that financial incentives encourage participation, especially with cohorts of farmers that previously eschewed such programs. Several aspects of the overall economic effectiveness of the extension program are discussed and policy recommendations are outlined.
    Keywords: Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets, Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Agricultural Extension Services
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Trade Liberalization versus Climate Change Policy for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture: Some Insights from Norway (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Using a mathematical programming model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We show that the Doha Round proposals for a new agreement on agriculture through the World Trade Organization would not generate significant reductions in emissions. Further trade liberalization would reduce emissions by cutting agricultural production but would not change production methods. Imposing a carbon tax would lead both to a reduction in output and the extensification of production. In contrast, if farmers are allowed to claim a credit for carbon sequestration the effect is to intensify agricultural production.
    Keywords: F18 - Trade and Environment, Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade, Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters ; Global Warming
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    A Wicked Problem? Cost Containment in the Women, Infants and Children Program (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program is a key part of America's safety net, but its structure fails to incentivize participants to be cost-conscious in their purchases and may cause retailers to attach excessive markups to WIC products. We investigate cost containment in the WIC Program, with a focus on California. Results show that smaller vendors often charge considerably higher prices for WIC foods than their larger counterparts. However, larger vendors do not mark up WIC foods more or promote them less than comparable control products. Cost containment can be improved by targeting WIC Program sales to larger vendors when it is possible to do so without compromising participant access, and using large-vendor prices as a benchmark to limit prices set by smaller vendors.
    Keywords: D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Crop Prices, Agricultural Revenues, and the Rural Economy1 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Policy makers in the United States often justify agricultural subsidies by stressing that agriculture is the engine of the rural economy. We use the increase in crop prices in the late 2000s to estimate the marginal effect of increased agricultural revenues on local economies in the U.S. Heartland. We find that $1 more in crop revenue generated 64¢ in personal income, with most going to farm proprietors and workers (59%) or nonfarmers who own farm assets (36%). The evidence suggests a weak link between revenues and nonfarm income or employment, or on population. Cuts to agricultural subsidies are therefore likely to have little effect on the broader rural economy in regions like the Heartland.
    Keywords: J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets, O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 11
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    A Chat about Insurance: Experimental Results from Rural Bangladesh (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Farmers throughout the developing world face multiple sources of uninsured risk to agricultural production and household assets. In this paper, we present results from an experimental demand-elicitation exercise in rural Bangladesh to shed light on smallholder farmers' interest in formal insurance products. We propose a suite of insurance and savings products, and we randomly vary the price of one insurance option (area-yield insurance) and the presence of one of the savings options (group savings). Consistent with economic theory, farmers buy more of the insurance products that cover the risks they primarily face. However, because farmers are subject to a variety of risks, they do not focus on only one type of insurance; instead, they evenly split their endowment between life and disability insurance and agricultural insurance. Demand for area-yield insurance falls with price; we also observe important cross-price elasticities with other insurance products. The presence of group savings does not alter demand for insurance, though group savings is found to be a particularly popular risk management tool, especially when decisions are made in groups.
    Keywords: C93 - Field Experiments, G22 - Insurance ; Insurance Companies, O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products, O16 - Economic Development: Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and, Q14 - Agricultural Finance
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 12
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    Performance Improvement of Inertial Navigation System by Using Magnetometer with Vehicle Dynamic Constraints (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: A navigation algorithm is proposed to increase the inertial navigation performance of a ground vehicle using magnetic measurements and dynamic constraints. The navigation solutions are estimated based on inertial measurements such as acceleration and angular velocity measurements. To improve the inertial navigation performance, a three-axis magnetometer is used to provide the heading angle, and nonholonomic constraints (NHCs) are introduced to increase the correlation between the velocity and the attitude equation. The NHCs provide a velocity feedback to the attitude, which makes the navigation solution more robust. Additionally, an acceleration-based roll and pitch estimation is applied to decrease the drift when the acceleration is within certain boundaries. The magnetometer and NHCs are combined with an extended Kalman filter. An experimental test was conducted to verify the proposed method, and a comprehensive analysis of the performance in terms of the position, velocity, and attitude showed that the navigation performance could be improved by using the magnetometer and NHCs. Moreover, the proposed method could improve the estimation performance for the position, velocity, and attitude without any additional hardware except an inertial sensor and magnetometer. Therefore, this method would be effective for ground vehicles, indoor navigation, mobile robots, vehicle navigation in urban canyons, or navigation in any global navigation satellite system-denied environment.
    Print ISSN: 1687-725X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7268
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 13
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    Subscription Page (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 14
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    Study on the Weak Decays (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Motivated by the prospects of the potential particle at high-luminosity heavy-flavor experiments, we studied the weak decays, where = , , . The nonfactorizable contributions to hadronic matrix elements are taken into consideration with the QCDF approach. It is found that the CKM-favored decay has branching ratio of , which might be measured promisingly by the future experiments.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7365
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 15
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    Revisiting the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program cycle of food intake: Investigating heterogeneity, diet quality, and a large boost in benefit amounts (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The monthly cycle of daily food intake among adult participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is examined using data from the 2007–10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Exogenous variation in interview and benefit receipt dates provides means for identification, and a difference-in-differences specification is used to account for the large boost in benefits that began in April 2009 via the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Caloric intake declined as much as 25% at the end of the month prior to ARRA, but not after implementation. Few differences were observed for diet quality measures or among subgroups. Increases in SNAP benefit amounts may help smooth food intake over the benefit month.
    Keywords: D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth, I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 16
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    Deception in Experiments: Towards Guidelines on use in Applied Economics Research (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Many applied economics journals ban the use of deception in experiments, which contrasts with the policies in other academic disciplines. We examine the cases for and against deception, and describe the ways deception can be employed in applied economics experiments. We create a general ranking of harms from deception in experiments and present evidence from a survey (conducted in summer 2014) of agricultural and applied economists eliciting attitudes towards ten different deceptive practices. Survey respondents view inflicting physical or psychological harm on participants and not making promised payments as the most severe forms of deception. Less severe forms of deception include providing participants with incomplete product information and conducting an experiment using participants who are not aware they are part of an experiment. Finally, we provide recommendations for policies addressing deception in experiments.
    Keywords: C80 - General, C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data, C90 - General
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 17
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    Supply Response, Marginal Cost, and Soil Erosion Implications of Stover-based Biofuels (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Existing economic analysis of corn stover as an energy feedstock has not considered potential changes in land use associated with different stover prices. We estimate the response of corn stover supply density to its price driven by changes in land use and examine its implications for a processing plant's pricing strategy and marginal cost, as well as associated changes in soil erosion. We find that plants will exploit the intensive margin as well as the extensive margin to secure additional amounts of stover. Our results show, counterintuitively, that a market for stover may result in lower soil erosion due to reallocations of land to continuous corn with removal, which, combined with no-till farming, results in lower soil erosion than the baseline without stover removal. Also contrary to expectations, using cover crops with stover removal may result in higher soil erosion due to land use changes within the fuel shed associated with optimal pricing.
    Keywords: Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation, Q24 - Land, Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 18
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    Pareto-Ranking Based Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization for Multiobjective Optimization (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: A study on pareto-ranking based quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) for multiobjective optimization problems is presented in this paper. During the iteration, an external repository is maintained to remember the nondominated solutions, from which the global best position is chosen. The comparison between different elitist selection strategies (preference order, sigma value, and random selection) is performed on four benchmark functions and two metrics. The results demonstrate that QPSO with preference order has comparative performance with sigma value according to different number of objectives. Finally, QPSO with sigma value is applied to solve multiobjective flexible job-shop scheduling problems.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 19
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    Pressure Prediction of Coal Slurry Transportation Pipeline Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Kernel Function Extreme Learning Machine (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: For coal slurry pipeline blockage prediction problem, through the analysis of actual scene, it is determined that the pressure prediction from each measuring point is the premise of pipeline blockage prediction. Kernel function of support vector machine is introduced into extreme learning machine, the parameters are optimized by particle swarm algorithm, and blockage prediction method based on particle swarm optimization kernel function extreme learning machine (PSOKELM) is put forward. The actual test data from HuangLing coal gangue power plant are used for simulation experiments and compared with support vector machine prediction model optimized by particle swarm algorithm (PSOSVM) and kernel function extreme learning machine prediction model (KELM). The results prove that mean square error (MSE) for the prediction model based on PSOKELM is 0.0038 and the correlation coefficient is 0.9955, which is superior to prediction model based on PSOSVM in speed and accuracy and superior to KELM prediction model in accuracy.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 20
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    AVIA v2.0: annotation, visualization and impact analysis of genomic variants and genes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: : As sequencing becomes cheaper and more widely available, there is a greater need to quickly and effectively analyze large-scale genomic data. While the functionality of AVIA v1.0, whose implementation was based on ANNOVAR, was comparable with other annotation web servers, AVIA v2.0 represents an enhanced web-based server that extends genomic annotations to cell-specific transcripts and protein-level functional annotations. With AVIA’s improved interface, users can better visualize their data, perform comprehensive searches and categorize both coding and non-coding variants. Availability and implementation : AVIA is freely available through the web at http://avia.abcc.ncifcrf.gov . Contact : Hue.Vuong@fnlcr.nih.gov Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 21
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    MultiMeta: an R package for meta-analyzing multi-phenotype genome-wide association studies (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: : As new methods for multivariate analysis of genome wide association studies become available, it is important to be able to combine results from different cohorts in a meta-analysis. The R package MultiMeta provides an implementation of the inverse-variance-based method for meta-analysis, generalized to an n -dimensional setting. Availability and implementation: The R package MultiMeta can be downloaded from CRAN. Contact: dragana.vuckovic@burlo.trieste.it ; vi1@sanger.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 22
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    Tyrosine Kinase Ligand-Receptor Pair Prediction by Using Support Vector Machine (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Receptor tyrosine kinases are essential proteins involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation in vivo and are heavily involved in allergic diseases, diabetes, and onset/proliferation of cancerous cells. Identifying the interacting partner of this protein, a growth factor ligand, will provide a deeper understanding of cellular proliferation/differentiation and other cell processes. In this study, we developed a method for predicting tyrosine kinase ligand-receptor pairs from their amino acid sequences. We collected tyrosine kinase ligand-receptor pairs from the Database of Interacting Proteins (DIP) and UniProtKB, filtered them by removing sequence redundancy, and used them as a dataset for machine learning and assessment of predictive performance. Our prediction method is based on support vector machines (SVMs), and we evaluated several input features suitable for tyrosine kinase for machine learning and compared and analyzed the results. Using sequence pattern information and domain information extracted from sequences as input features, we obtained 0.996 of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. This accuracy is higher than that obtained from general protein-protein interaction pair predictions.
    Print ISSN: 1687-8027
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-8035
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science
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  • 23
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    Cover Page (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 24
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    Subscription Page (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 25
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    Recent advancements in structured-illumination microscopy toward live-cell imaging (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: Fluorescence microscopy allows us to observe fluorescently labeled molecules in diverse biological processes and organelle structures within living cells. However, the diffraction limit restricts its spatial resolution to about half of its wavelength, limiting the capability of biological observation at the molecular level. Structured-illumination microscopy (SIM), a type of super-resolution microscopy, doubles the spatial resolution in all three dimensions by illuminating the sample with a patterned excitation light, followed by computer reconstruction. SIM uses a relatively low illumination power compared with other methods of super-resolution microscopy and is easily available for multicolor imaging. SIM has great potential for meeting the requirements of live-cell imaging. Recent developments in diverse types of SIM have achieved higher spatial (~50 nm lateral) and temporal (~100 Hz) resolutions. Here, we review recent advancements in SIM and discuss its application in noninvasive live-cell imaging.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 26
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    STED microscopy--super-resolution bio-imaging utilizing a stimulated emission depletion (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: One of the most popular super-resolution microscopies that breaks the diffraction barrier is stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. As the optical set-up of STED microscopy is based on a laser scanning microscopy (LSM) system, it potentially has several merits of LSM like confocal or two-photon excitation LSM. In this article, we first describe the principles of STED microscopy and then describe the features of our newly developed two-photon excitation STED microscopy. On the basis of our recent results and those of other researchers, we conclude by discussing future research and new technologies in this field.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 27
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    For Microscopy special feature on 'super resolution microscopy' (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 28
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    Ultrathin sectioning with DUV-pulsed laser ablation: development of a laser ablation nano tome (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: The electrically automated ultrathin sectioning apparatus, which has been developed in recent years, can produce consecutive ultrathin sections with a diamond knife and a gallium ion beam. These newly developed apparatuses, however, have several shortcomings, such as the limited block cutting area, thermal damage to the sample by the focused ion beam and a sample electronic charge. To overcome these faults and for easier scanning electron microscopy three-dimensional fine structural reconstruction, we have developed a new cutting method using a deep ultraviolet laser, which we have named the ‘LANTome (Light Ablation Nanotome)’. Using this method, we confirmed the widening of sectioning areas, shortening of the sectioning time, automatic smoothing of rough surfaces, no sample electronic charge and minimal heat effects on the sample tissue, such as thermal denaturation.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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    A guide to use photocontrollable fluorescent proteins and synthetic smart fluorophores for nanoscopy (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: Recent advances in nanoscopy, which breaks the diffraction barrier and can visualize structures smaller than the diffraction limit in cells, have encouraged biologists to investigate cellular processes at molecular resolution. Since nanoscopy depends not only on special optics but also on ‘smart’ photophysical properties of photocontrollable fluorescent probes, including photoactivatability, photoswitchability and repeated blinking, it is important for biologists to understand the advantages and disadvantages of fluorescent probes and to choose appropriate ones for their specific requirements. Here, we summarize the characteristics of currently available fluorescent probes based on both proteins and synthetic compounds applicable to nanoscopy and provide a guideline for selecting optimal probes for specific applications.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Aberrations and adaptive optics in super-resolution microscopy (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: As one of the most powerful tools in the biological investigation of cellular structures and dynamic processes, fluorescence microscopy has undergone extraordinary developments in the past decades. The advent of super-resolution techniques has enabled fluorescence microscopy – or rather nanoscopy – to achieve nanoscale resolution in living specimens and unravelled the interior of cells with unprecedented detail. The methods employed in this expanding field of microscopy, however, are especially prone to the detrimental effects of optical aberrations. In this review, we discuss how super-resolution microscopy techniques based upon single-molecule switching, stimulated emission depletion and structured illumination each suffer from aberrations in different ways that are dependent upon intrinsic technical aspects. We discuss the use of adaptive optics as an effective means to overcome this problem.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on Frost Heave in Porous Media (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: For the construction in cold regions, frost heave and thaw settlement are the two factors which must be taken care of. Considered that a saturated soil column was subjected to an overburden pressure to model the ice lens growing process. A typical process, which coupled water, heat, and stress that happened in a saturated freezing soil column, was simulated by the finite element software. We did the numerical simulation under the same conditions as the experiment tests and then compared the results from temperature, frost heave, frozen structure, water content, and water intake. Result shows that the simulation results match well with the experimental results, and the correctness of the mathematical model is validated. On that basis, frost heave amount under different conditions by changing the temperature boundary and loading boundary is obtained. The frost heave has an optimum temperature gradient. Under the optimum value, the frost heave amount increases with increasing temperature gradient. Above the optimum value, frost heave decreases with increasing temperature gradient. Increasing the overburden pressure, frost heave amount always decreases. These results can provide references for the constrictions in cold regions.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    An Unconditionally Stable Method for Solving the Acoustic Wave Equation (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: An unconditionally stable method for solving the time-domain acoustic wave equation using Associated Hermit orthogonal functions is proposed. The second-order time derivatives in acoustic wave equation are expanded by these orthogonal basis functions. By applying Galerkin temporal testing procedure, the time variable can be eliminated from the calculations. The restriction of Courant-Friedrichs-Levy (CFL) condition in selecting time step for analyzing thin layer can be avoided. Numerical results show the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed method.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
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    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Complete Bilateral Teleoperation System for a Rotorcraft UAV with Time-Varying Delay (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: This paper proposes the use of simple proportional plus damping injection (P+d) controllers for delayed bilateral teleoperation of a rotorcraft UAV. The proposed control scheme involves P+d remote and local controllers, considers master and slave dynamics, and takes into account asymmetric time-varying delays. The stability of the proposed teleoperation system is analyzed using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and delay-dependent stability criteria are obtained under linear-matrix-inequalities conditions. The performance of the teleoperation scheme is tested driving a virtual nonlinear 6DOF dynamic model of a minihelicopter in a human-in-the-loop simulation.
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    Application of the Periodic Average System Model in Dam Deformation Analysis (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Dams are among the most important hydraulic engineering facilities used for water supply, flood control, and hydroelectric power. Monitoring of dams is crucial since deformation might have occurred. How to obtain the deformation information and then judge the safe conditions is the key and difficult problem in dam deformation monitoring field. This paper proposes the periodic average system model and creates the concept of “settlement activity” based on the dam deformation issue. Long-term deformation monitoring data is carried out in a pumped-storage power station, this model combined with settlement activity is used to make the single point deformation analysis, and then the whole settlement activity profile is drawn by clustering analysis. Considering the cumulative settlement value of every point, the dam deformation trend is analyzed in an intuitive effect way. The analysis mode of combined single point with multipoints is realized. The results show that the key deformation information of the dam can be easily grasped by the application of the periodic average system model combined with the distribution diagram of settlement activity. And, above all, the ideas of this research provide an effective method for dam deformation analysis.
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    The Heat Transfer Coefficient of Recycled Concrete Bricks Combination with EPS Insulation Board Wall (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Four tectonic forms samples were conducted to test their heat transfer coefficients. By analyzing and comparing the test values and theoretical values of the heat transfer coefficient, a corrected-value calculation method for determining the heat transfer coefficient was proposed; the proposed method was proved to be reasonably correct. The results indicated that the recycled concrete brick wall heat transfer coefficient is higher than that of the clay brick wall, the heat transfer coefficient of recycled concrete brick wall could be effectively reduced when combined with the EPS insulation board, and the sandwich insulation type was better than that of external thermal insulation type.
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    Chemical abundances in the PN Wray16-423 in the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy: constraining the dust composition (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: We performed a detailed analysis of elemental abundances, dust features, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the C-rich planetary nebula (PN) Wray16-423 in the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy, based on a unique data set taken from the Subaru/HDS, MPG/ESO FEROS, HST /WFPC2, and Spitzer /IRS. We performed the first measurements of Kr, Fe, and recombination O abundance in this PN. The extremely small [Fe/H] implies that most Fe atoms are in the solid phase, considering into account the abundance of [Ar/H]. The Spitzer /IRS spectrum displays broad 16–24 μm and 30 μm features, as well as PAH bands at 6–9 and 10–14 μm. The unidentified broad 16–24 μm feature may not be related to iron sulphide (FeS), amorphous silicate, or PAHs. Using the spectral energy distribution model, we derived the luminosity and effective temperature of the central star, and the gas and dust masses. The observed elemental abundances and derived gas mass are in good agreement with asymptotic giant branch nucleosynthesis models for an initial mass of 1.90 M and a metallicity of Z  = 0.004. We infer that respectively about 80, 50, and 90 per cent of the Mg, S, and Fe atoms are in the solid phase. We also assessed the maximum possible magnesium sulphide (MgS) and iron-rich sulphide (Fe50S) masses and tested whether these species can produce the band flux of the observed 30 μm feature. Depending on what fraction of the sulphur is in sulphide molecules such as CS, we conclude that MgS and Fe50S could be possible carriers of the 30 μm feature in this PN.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
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    Topics: Physics
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    Evolution of the H {beta} + [O III] and [O II] luminosity functions and the [O II] star formation history of the Universe up to z ~ 5 from HiZELS (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: We investigate the evolution of the H β + [O iii ] and [O ii ] luminosity functions from z  ~ 0.8 to ~5 in four redshift slices per emission line using data from the High- z Emission Line Survey (HiZELS). This is the first time that the H β + [O iii ] and [O ii ] luminosity functions have been studied at these redshifts in a self-consistent analysis. This is also the largest sample of [O ii ] and H β + [O iii ] emitters (3475 and 3298 emitters, respectively) in this redshift range, with large comoving volumes ~1  x  10 6  Mpc –3 in two independent volumes (COSMOS and UDS), greatly reducing the effects of cosmic variance. The emitters were selected by a combination of photometric redshift and colour–colour selections, as well as spectroscopic follow-up, including recent spectroscopic observations using DEIMOS and MOSFIRE on the Keck Telescopes and FMOS on Subaru. We find a strong increase in L * and a decrease in * for both H β + [O iii ] and [O ii ] emitters. We derive the [O ii ] star formation history of the Universe since z  ~ 5 and find that the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) rises from z  ~ 5 to ~3 and then drops towards z  ~ 0. We also find that our star formation history is able to reproduce the evolution of the stellar mass density up to z  ~ 5 based only on a single tracer of star formation. When comparing the H β + [O iii ] SFRDs to the [O ii ] and H α SFRD measurements in the literature, we find that there is a remarkable agreement, suggesting that the H β + [O iii ] sample is dominated by star-forming galaxies at high- z rather than AGNs.
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    Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of gas and dust mixtures (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: We present a ‘two-fluid’ implementation of dust in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) in the test particle limit. The scheme is able to handle both short and long stopping times and reproduces the short friction time limit, which is not properly handled in other implementations. We apply novel tests to verify its accuracy and limitations, including multidimensional tests that have not been previously applied to the drag-coupled dust problem and which are particularly relevant to self-gravitating protoplanetary discs. Our tests demonstrate several key requirements for accurate simulations of gas–dust mixtures. First, in standard SPH particle jitter can degrade the dust solution, even when the gas density is well reproduced. The use of integral gradients, a Wendland kernel and a large number of neighbours can control this, albeit at a greater computational cost. Secondly, when it is necessary to limit the artificial viscosity we recommend using the Cullen & Dehnen switch, since the alternative, using α ~ 0.1, can generate a large velocity noise up to v   0.3 c s in the dust particles. Thirdly, we find that an accurate dust density estimate requires 〉400 neighbours, since, unlike the gas, the dust particles do not feel regularization forces. This density noise applies to all particle-based two-fluid implementations of dust, irrespective of the hydro solver and could lead to numerically induced fragmentation. Although our tests show accurate dusty gas simulations are possible, care must be taken to minimize the contribution from numerical noise.
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    A two-parameter matching scheme for massive galaxies and dark matter haloes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Halo abundance matching has been used to construct a one-parameter mapping between galaxies and dark matter haloes by assuming that halo mass and galaxy luminosity (or stellar mass) are monotonically related. While this approach has been reasonably successful, it is known that galaxies must be described by at least two parameters, as can be seen from the two-parameter Fundamental Plane on which massive early-type galaxies lie. In this paper, we derive a connection between initial dark matter density perturbations in the early Universe and present-day virialized dark matter haloes by assuming simple spherical collapse combined with conservation of mass and energy. We find that z  = 0 halo concentration, or alternatively the inner slope of the halo density profile α, is monotonically and positively correlated with the collapse redshift of the halo. This is qualitatively similar to the findings of some previous works based on numerical simulations, with which we compare our results. We then describe how the halo mass and concentration (or inner slope α) can be used as two halo parameters in combination with two parameters of early-type galaxies to create an improved abundance matching scheme. In a forthcoming paper, we will show an application of this scheme to galaxies on the Fundamental Plane.
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    Internal alignments of red versus blue discs in dark matter haloes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Large surveys have shown that red galaxies are preferentially aligned with their haloes, while blue galaxies have a more isotropic distribution. Since haloes generally align with their filaments, this introduces a bias in the measurement of the cosmic shear from weak lensing. It is therefore vitally important to understand why this difference arises. We explore the stability of different disc orientations within triaxial haloes. We show that, in the absence of gas, the disc orientation is most stable when its spin is along the minor axis of the halo. Instead when gas cools on to a disc, it is able to form in almost arbitrary orientation, including off the main planes of the halo (but avoiding an orientation perpendicular to the halo's intermediate axis). Substructure helps gasless galaxies reach alignment with the halo faster, but has less effect on galaxies when gas is cooling on to the disc. Our results provide a novel and natural interpretation for why red, gas poor galaxies are preferentially aligned with their halo, while blue, star-forming, galaxies have nearly random orientations, without requiring a connection between galaxies’ current star formation rate and their merger history.
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    Collision and annihilation of relative equilibrium points around asteroids with a changing parameter (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: In this work, we investigate the bifurcations of relative equilibria in the gravitational potential of asteroids. A theorem concerning a conserved quantity, which is about the eigenvalues and number of relative equilibria, is presented and proved. The conserved quantity can restrict the number of non-degenerate equilibria in the gravitational potential of an asteroid. It is concluded that the number of non-degenerate equilibria in the gravitational field of an asteroid varies in pairs and is an odd number. In addition, the conserved quantity can also restrict the kinds of bifurcations of relative equilibria in the gravitational potential of an asteroid when the parameter varies. Furthermore, studies have shown that there exist transcritical bifurcations, quasi-transcritical bifurcations, saddle–node bifurcations, saddle–saddle bifurcations, binary saddle–node bifurcations, supercritical pitchfork bifurcations, and subcritical pitchfork bifurcations for the relative equilibria in the gravitational potential of asteroids. It is found that for the asteroid 216 Kleopatra, when the rotation period varies as a parameter, the number of relative equilibria changes from 7 to 5 to 3 to 1, and the bifurcations for the relative equilibria are saddle–node bifurcations and saddle–saddle bifurcations.
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    Herschel-ATLAS: the connection between star formation and AGN activity in radio-loud and radio-quiet active galaxies (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: We examine the relationship between star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity by constructing matched samples of local (0 〈  z  〈 0.6) radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN in the Herschel -Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey fields. Radio-loud AGN are classified as high-excitation and low-excitation radio galaxies using their emission lines and WISE 22-μm luminosity. AGN accretion and jet powers in these active galaxies are traced by [O iii ] emission-line and radio luminosity, respectively. Star formation rates (SFRs) and specific star formation rates (SSFRs) were derived using Herschel 250-μm luminosity and stellar mass measurements from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey–Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics-John Hopkins University catalogue. In the past, star formation studies of AGN have mostly focused on high-redshift sources to observe the thermal dust emission that peaks in the far-infrared, which limited the samples to powerful objects. However, with Herschel we can expand this to low redshifts. Our stacking analyses show that SFRs and SSFRs of both radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN increase with increasing AGN power but that radio-loud AGN tend to have lower SFR. Additionally, radio-quiet AGN are found to have approximately an order of magnitude higher SSFRs than radio-loud AGN for a given level of AGN power. The difference between the star formation properties of radio-loud and -quiet AGN is also seen in samples matched in stellar mass.
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    On the diversity of superluminous supernovae: ejected mass as the dominant factor (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-09
    Description: We assemble a sample of 24 hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). Parameterizing the light-curve shape through rise and decline time-scales shows that the two are highly correlated. Magnetar-powered models can reproduce the correlation, with the diversity in rise and decline rates driven by the diffusion time-scale. Circumstellar interaction models can exhibit a similar rise–decline relation, but only for a narrow range of densities, which may be problematic for these models. We find that SLSNe are approximately 3.5 mag brighter and have light curves three times broader than SNe Ibc, but that the intrinsic shapes are similar. There are a number of SLSNe with particularly broad light curves, possibly indicating two progenitor channels, but statistical tests do not cleanly separate two populations. The general spectral evolution is also presented. Velocities measured from Fe  ii are similar for SLSNe and SNe Ibc, suggesting that diffusion time differences are dominated by mass or opacity. Flat velocity evolution in most SLSNe suggests a dense shell of ejecta. If opacities in SLSNe are similar to other SNe Ibc, the average ejected mass is higher by a factor 2–3. Assuming  = 0.1 cm 2 g –1 , we estimate a mean (median) SLSN ejecta mass of 10 M (6 M ), with a range of 3–30 M . Doubling the assumed opacity brings the masses closer to normal SNe Ibc, but with a high-mass tail. The most probable mechanism for generating SLSNe seems to be the core collapse of a very massive hydrogen-poor star, forming a millisecond magnetar.
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    Gene Loss Dominates As a Source of Genetic Variation within Clonal Pathogenic Bacterial Species (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Some of the most dangerous pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Yersinia pestis evolve clonally . This means that little or no recombination occurs between strains belonging to these species. Paradoxically, although different members of these species show extreme sequence similarity of orthologous genes, some show considerable intraspecies phenotypic variation, the source of which remains elusive. To examine the possible sources of phenotypic variation within clonal pathogenic bacterial species, we carried out an extensive genomic and pan-genomic analysis of the sources of genetic variation available to a large collection of clonal and nonclonal pathogenic bacterial species. We show that while nonclonal species diversify through a combination of changes to gene sequences, gene loss and gene gain, gene loss completely dominates as a source of genetic variation within clonal species. Indeed, gene loss is so prevalent within clonal species as to lead to levels of gene content variation comparable to those found in some nonclonal species that are much more diverged in their gene sequences and that acquire a substantial number of genes horizontally. Gene loss therefore needs to be taken into account as a potential dominant source of phenotypic variation within clonal bacterial species.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
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    UAV Recharging Opportunities and Policies for Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Recharging sensor networks using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provides a possible method for increasing network lifetime. In this paper, we evaluate that approach, determining how much of a benefit it provides and under what conditions. We base our simulations and field experiments on data collected from charging with our UAV-based wireless power transfer system, which has similar transfer ranges and efficiencies as other such systems. We determine that a UAV can increase the network lifetime up to 290% compared to no recharging, that the UAV should recharge 30% of the sensor node battery capacity at one time for the maximum benefit, and that the UAV should recharge the lowest powered node until the network reaches a size of approximately 306 nodes at which point it should recharge the sink. We also examine how the sensor network can aid this through sink selection. The policy varies as network size increases, with a static approach working well until 200 nodes, and then either a perimeter or heuristic approach works best. These results inform future use of UAVs in recharging and working with sensor networks.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-1477
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    An Intelligent Wireless Sensing and Control System to Improve Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring, Prediction, and Preaction (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: The aim of this study is to construct an intelligent wireless sensing and control system to address health issues. We combine three technologies including (1) wireless sensing technology to develop an extendable system for monitoring environmental indicators such as temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration, (2) ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) to predict air quality trends and take action before air quality worsens, and (3) fuzzy theory which is applied to build an energy-saving mechanism for feedback control. Experimental results show the following. (1) A longer historical data collected time interval will reduce the effects of abnormal surges on prediction results. We find the ARIMA prediction model accuracy improving from 3.19 ± 3.47% for a time interval of 10 minutes to 1.71 ± 1.45% for a time interval of 50 minutes. (2) The stability experiment shows that the error rate of prediction model is also less than 7.5%. (3) In the energy-saving experiment, fuzzy logic-based decision model can reduce the 55% energy while maintaining adequate air quality.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    Draft Genomes, Phylogenetic Reconstruction, and Comparative Genomics of Two Novel Cohabiting Bacterial Symbionts Isolated from Frankliniella occidentalis (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: Obligate bacterial symbionts are widespread in many invertebrates, where they are often confined to specialized host cells and are transmitted directly from mother to progeny. Increasing numbers of these bacteria are being characterized but questions remain about their population structure and evolution. Here we take a comparative genomics approach to investigate two prominent bacterial symbionts (BFo1 and BFo2) isolated from geographically separated populations of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Our multifaceted approach to classifying these symbionts includes concatenated multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) phylogenies, ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rMLST), construction of whole-genome phylogenies, and in-depth genomic comparisons. We showed that the BFo1 genome clusters more closely to species in the genus Erwinia, and is a putative close relative to Erwinia aphidicola . BFo1 is also likely to have shared a common ancestor with Erwinia pyrifoliae/Erwinia amylovora and the nonpathogenic Erwinia tasmaniensis and genetic traits similar to Erwinia billingiae . The BFo1 genome contained virulence factors found in the genus Erwinia but represented a divergent lineage. In contrast, we showed that BFo2 belongs within the Enterobacteriales but does not group closely with any currently known bacterial species. Concatenated MLSA phylogenies indicate that it may have shared a common ancestor to the Erwinia and Pantoea genera, and based on the clustering of rMLST genes, it was most closely related to Pantoea ananatis but represented a divergent lineage. We reconstructed a core genome of a putative common ancestor of Erwinia and Pantoea and compared this with the genomes of BFo bacteria. BFo2 possessed none of the virulence determinants that were omnipresent in the Erwinia and Pantoea genera. Taken together, these data are consistent with BFo2 representing a highly novel species that maybe related to known Pantoea .
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
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    Conformal Array Pattern Synthesis and Activated Elements Selection Strategy Based on PSOGSA Algorithm (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: The pattern synthesis and activated element selection for conformal array is investigated based on hybrid particle swarm optimization-gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA) in this paper. With the introduction of PSOGSA algorithm which is a novel hybrid optimization technique, the element excitations are optimized to obtain the desired pattern for conformal array in the case of considering uncoupled and coupled element pattern. Numerical simulation and full-wave electromagnetic calculation verify the advantage and efficiency of our method. Then, a novel strategy of activated element selection based on PSOGSA algorithm is proposed for saving the energy consumption in conformal array.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5869
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    Crystal structure of 1,1′-{(pentane-1,5-diyl)bis[(azaniumylylidene)methanylylidene]}bis(naphthalen-2-olate) (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The whole molecule of the title compound, C27H26N2O2, is generated by twofold rotational symmetry, with the central C atom of the pentyl chain located on the twofold rotation axis. The compound crystallizes as a bis-zwitterion, and there are two intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds generating S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons propagating along [001], and enclosing R22(22) ring motifs.
    Keywords: crystal structure1,5-diaminopentane2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehydezwitterionbis-zwitterionhydrogen bonding
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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  • 50
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    The crystal structures of three 3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones, including a second polymorph of 4-[(E)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione and a redetermination of 4-amino-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thi (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The structures of three 3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione derivatives are reported. The structure of 4-amino-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione, C3H6N4S, (I), has been redetermined with an improved model for the H atoms: the non-H atoms of (I) all lie on mirror planes in space group Pbcm, and the H atoms of the methyl group are disordered over two sets of reflection-related atomic sites having occupancy 0.5: two independent N—H...S hydrogen bonds link the molecules of compound (I) into complex sheets. The non-H atoms in the molecules of 4-[(E)-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino]-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-thione, C12H14N4O2S, (II), despite lying in general positions are close to planar, with a dihedral angle between the two rings of 6.31 (10)°: the molecules of compound (II) are linked by a three-centre N—H...(O)2 hydrogen bond into a C(10)C(11)[R12(5)] chain of rings. A second polymorph of 4-[(E)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-bromobenzylidene)amino]-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione, C10H9BrN4OS, (III), has been identified; the non-H atoms are nearly co-planar with a dihedral angle between the two rings of 1.9 (4)°. There is an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond and the molecules are linked by N—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric R22(8) dimers. Comparisons are made with some related structures.
    Keywords: crystal structures1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thionespolymorphismhydrogen bonding
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
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  • 51
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    Crystal structure of 6,6,12,12-tetrachlorotricyclo[8.2.0.04,7]dodecane-5,11-dione (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H12Cl4O2, contains two crystallographically independent molecules with almost identical conformations (r.m.s. overlay fit for the non-hydrogen atoms = 0.059 Å). In each molecule, the central eight-membered ring has a distorted boat configuration, and two non-planar four-membered rings are fused on either side of the eight-membered ring. A weak C—H...O hydrogen bond links the two independent molecules. In the crystal, weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to (001).
    Keywords: crystal structurecyclooctadienefused ring systemhydrogen bonding
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 52
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    Crystal structure of poly[bis(μ-2-amino-4,5-dicyanoimidazolato-κ2N1:N3)-trans-bis(N,N′-dimethylformamide-κO)cadmium] (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In the title structure, [Cd(C5H2N5)2(C3H7NO)2]n or [Cd(adci)2(DMF)2]n, the Cd2+ ion is located on a twofold rotation axis and is six-coordinated in a CdN4O2 manner by four imidazole N atoms of four symmetry-related 2-amino-4,5-dicyanoimidazolate (adci) anions in the equatorial plane and by two O atoms of symmetry-related N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) ligands in axial positions. The adci− anions bridge adjacent Cd2+ ions [shortest Cd...Cd separation = 6.733 (3) Å] into a layered coordination polymer extending parallel to (001). The primary amino group and the non-coordinating cyano groups of adci− anions are involved in hydrogen-bonding interactions with DMF ligands to stabilize the crystal structure.
    Keywords: crystal structure2-amino-4,5-dicyanoimidazolemetal–organic frameworkcadmium coordination polymerhydrogen bonding
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  • 53
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    Crystal structure of bis[μ-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane-κ2P:P′]bis[(N,N′-diethylthiourea-κS)iodidocopper(I)] (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The binuclear title complex, [Cu2I2(C26H24P2)2(C5H12N2S)2], lies about an inversion centre. The CuI atom displays a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry defined by one S atom of an N,N′-diethylthiourea ligand, two P atoms derived from two bridging 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (dppe) ligands and one iodide ion. The dppe ligand bridges two symmetry-related CuI ions, forming a 10-membered Cu2P4C4 ring. An intramolecular N—H...I hydrogen bond is noted. In the crystal, N—H...I hydrogen bonds link complex molecules into layers parallel to (-101).
    Keywords: crystal structurecopper(I) complexN,N′-diethylthioureaN—H...I hydrogen bonding
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 54
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    Crystal structure of 2-azido-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In the title compound, C5HN7, the nitrile and azido substituents are close to being coplanar with the central ring. Molecules in the crystal are linked via an N—H...N hydrogen bond to a nitrile acceptor, forming a chain extending along the c-axis direction.
    Keywords: crystal structure2-azido-4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazolehydrogen bonding
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 55
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    Crystal structure of catena-poly[bis(formato-κO)bis[μ2-1,1′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1H-imidazole)-κ2N3:N3′]cobalt(II)] (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: A red block-shaped crystal of the title compound, [Co(HCOO)2(C12H10N4)2]n, was obtained by the reaction of cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate, formic acid and 1,1′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1H-imidazole) (bib) molecules. The asymmetric unit consists of one CoII cation, one formate ligand and two halves of a bib ligand. The central CoII cation, located on an inversion centre, is coordinated by two carboxylate O atoms and four N atoms from bib ligands, completing an octahedral coordination geometry. The CoII centres are bridged by bib ligands, giving a two-dimensional net. Topologically, taking the CoII atoms as nodes and the bib ligands as linkers, the two-dimensional structure can be simplified as a typical sql/Shubnikov tetragonal plane network. The structure features C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions between formate and bib ligands, resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
    Keywords: crystal structureCo complex1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzenehydrogen bonding
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  • 56
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    Crystal structure of dibromidobis(1,3-dibenzyl-1,3-diazinan-2-one-κO)cobalt(II) (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The unit cell of the title complex, [CoBr2(C18H20N2O)2], contains 1.5 formula units per asymmetric unit with one molecule sitting on a general site and a second one halved by a crystallographic twofold rotation axis passing through the CoII cation. Both CoII atoms are coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral manner by two Br− ligands and two O atoms of the pyrimidinone (OPyr) groups. The Br—Co—Br coordination angles are similar [115.46 (4) and 115.20 (5)°], while the O—Co—O angles differ slightly more [102.26 (18) and 98.1 (2)°]. Similarly, the Co—Br bond lengths are almost identical [2.3721 (9), 2.3757 (10) and 2.3809 (10) Å], with a larger difference between the Co—O bond lengths [1.929 (4), 1.926 (4) and 1.955 (4) Å]. The three independent OPyr groups present envelope conformations, with three C and two N atoms lying in well defined planes with maximum deviations from the least-squares planes of 0.047, 0.031 and 0.036 Å, and the external-most C atoms protruding by 0.654 (6), 0.643 (7) and 0.656 (6) Å out of the planes. The dihedral angles between the planar fractions of the OPyr planes are 50.5 (1)° for the nonsymmetric molecule and 49.7 (1)° for the symmetric one. Non-covalent interactions are of the C—H...Br type and they are weak, hardly shorter than van der Waals radii, with an H...Br distance range of 3.00–3.04 Å. The intermolecular interactions define chains parallel to [101].
    Keywords: crystal structurecoordination compoundcobalt pyrimidinone complexC—H...Br interactions
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  • 57
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    Crystal structure of N-(2-{[2,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetamido)phenyl]disulfanyl}-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetamido)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The title compound, C20H10F12N4O4S2, is an organic diaryl disulfide compound with trifluoroacetamide substituents at the ortho-positions of each benzene ring. There are two molecules (labeled A and B) in the asymmetric unit. The F atoms of three of the –CF3 groups exhibit rotational disorder over two positions each. The S—S bond distances are 2.0914 (7) and 2.0827 (6) Å for molecules A and B, respectively. The dihedral angle between the S—S—C and S—C—C planes is 103.05 (15)° for molecule A and 104.09 (15)° for molecule B. The three-dimensional supramolecular architecture of the crystal is sustained by numerous N—H...O, N—H...S and C—H...O interactions.
    Keywords: crystal structurediaryl disulfideS—S bondsN—H...S interactionsN—H...F interactionsC—H...O interactions.
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 58
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    Crystal structure of 2-methyl-N-{[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]carbamothioyl}benzamide (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In the title compound, C16H17N3OS, a benzoyl thiourea derivative, the planes of the pyridine and benzene rings are inclined to one another by 66.54 (9)°. There is an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond present forming an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked via pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers, which are reinforced by pairs of C—H...S hydrogen bonds. The dimers are linked via C—H...π interactions, forming ribbons along [010].
    Keywords: crystal structurebenzamidecarbonyl thioureainversion dimershydrogen bonding
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 59
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    Crystal structure of 2,2′-bis[(2-chlorobenzyl)oxy]-1,1′-binaphthalene (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In the title binaphthyl compound, C34H24Cl2O2, the dihedral angle between the two naphthyl ring systems (r.m.s. deviations = 0.016 and 0.035 Å) is 76.33 (8)°. The chlorophenyl rings make dihedral angles of 58.15 (12) and 76.21 (13)° with the naphthyl ring to which they are linked. The dihedral angle between the planes of the two chlorophenyl rings is 27.66 (16)°. In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds link molecules into chains propagating along [1\overline{1}0]. The chains are linked by C—H...π interactions, forming a three-dimensional framework.
    Keywords: crystal structurebinaphthylantimicrobialsantibiotic propertiesminimum toxicityhydrogen bonding
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 60
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    Crystal structure of 2-phenylethanaminium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The title molecular salt, C8H12N+·C4H3O4−, crystallized with two independent cations and anions in the asymmetric unit. The ethanaminium side chains of the cations exhibit anti conformations [C—C—C—N torsion angles = 176.5 (3) and −179.4 (3)°]. In the crystal, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds connect adjacent anions and cations, and , O—H...O hydrogen bonds connect adjacent anions, generating sheets parallel to (001).
    Keywords: crystal structuremolecular saltaminium3-carboxyprop-2-enoatehydrogen bonding
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  • 61
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    Crystal structure of 3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enenitrile (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In the title compound, C18H12N4O2, which has a delocalized D—π—A electronic structure, the dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the planes of the pendant imidazole and nitrobenzene rings are 37.65 (9) and 4.96 (7)°, respectively. In the centrosymmetric crystal structure, molecules are linked by weak C—H...O interactions, generating [001] C(6) chains.
    Keywords: crystal structuredelocalised D—π—A electronic structurehydrogen bonding
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  • 62
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    Crystal structure of 2-methylamino-4-(6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-3-nitropyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5(4H)-one with an unknown solvate (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In the title compound, C23H16N2O7, the mean planes of the two chromene units (r.m.s. deviations = 0.031 and 0.064 Å) are almost normal to one another with a dihedral angle of 85.59 (6)°. The central six-membered pyran ring has a distorted envelope conformation, with the methine C atom at the flap. There is an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R22(12) ring motif. The dimers are linked by pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds, enclosing R22(6) ring motifs, forming zigzag chains along [001]. The chains are linked by a second pair of C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to (110). Within the slabs there are C—H...π interactions present. A region of disordered electron density was treated with the SQUEEZE procedure in PLATON [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18] following unsuccessful attempts to model it as plausible solvent molecule(s). The given chemical formula and other crystal data do not take into account the unknown solvent molecule(s).
    Keywords: crystal structurechromenebischromeneN—H...O hydrogen bondingC—H...O hydrogen bonding
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 63
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    Four-Channel Teleoperation with Time-Varying Delays and Disturbance Observers (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: This paper addresses the robust stability of teleoperated systems under the four-channel architecture, affected by time-varying communication delays and using disturbance observers. It is based on our previous work which provides a framework for robust stability against delays with bounded variation and a bounded time-derivative, using structured singular values (SSV). The main new feature here is the inclusion of disturbance observers (DOBs). The DOB concept is well-documented and relevant to many applications, since only position (but not force) measurements are usually available. In this paper, we adapt two DOBs (master and slave) to our generic framework, by representing them as stable, fast filters affected by the uncertainty in the plant modelling. Our main result is an SSV test to verify robust stability. The simulation results confirm the usefulness of this approach.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
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    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 64
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    Crystal structure of 6,7-dichloro-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In the title compound, C10H4Cl2O3, a dichlorinated 3-formylchromone, the non-H atoms of the 4H-chromene ring are essentially coplanar (r.m.s. = 0.0188 Å), with the largest deviation from the least-squares plane [0.043 (2) Å] being for the pyran C=O C atom. The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl O atom deviates from the least-square plane by 0.124 (2) Å. The dihedral angle between the chromone and formyl least-square planes is 6.76 (3)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked through C—H...O hydrogen bonds between the translation-symmetry and inversion-symmetry equivalents to form tetrads, which are further assembled by stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance between the benzene rings = 3.769 (2) Å]. van der Waals contacts are found between the Cl atoms at the 6-position and the Cl atoms at 7-position of the glide-reflection-symmetry equivalents [Cl...Cl = 3.4785 (16) Å, C—Cl...Cl = 160.23 (7)° and Cl...Cl—C = 122.59 (7)°].
    Keywords: crystal structurechromonehydrogen bondinghalogen–halogen contactstacking interaction
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 65
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    Crystal structure of 2-aminopyridinium 6-chloronicotinate (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In the title salt, C5H7N+·C6H3ClNO−, the 2-aminopyridinium cation interacts with the carboxylate group of the 6-chloronicotinate anion through a pair of independent N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming an R22(8) ring motif. In the crystal, these dimeric units are connected further via N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [001]. In addition, weak C—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, together with weak π–π interactions, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6560 (5) and 3.6295 (5) Å, connect the chains, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (100).
    Keywords: crystal structure2-aminopyridinium6-chloronicotinate6-chloropyridine-3-carboxylatenoncovalent interactionsπ–π stacking interactions
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 66
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    Crystal structure of 4-(6-bromo-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-2-methylamino-3-nitropyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5(4H)-one chloroform monosolvate (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In the title compound, C22H13BrN2O7·CHCl3, the pyran ring adopts a shallow sofa conformation with the C atom bearing the bromochromene system as the flap [deviation = 0.291 (3) Å]. The dihedral angle between the pyran fused-ring system (all atoms; r.m.s. deviation = 0.032 Å) and the bromochromene ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.027 Å) is 87.56 (9)°. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond closes an S(6) ring. The Cl atoms of the solvent molecule are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.515 (6):0.485 (6) ratio. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds generate R22(12) loops. The packing also features C—H...O and very weak π–π [centroid–centroid separation = 3.960 (2) Å] interactions, which link the dimers into a three-dimensional network.
    Keywords: crystal structurechromenonehydrogen bonding
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  • 67
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    Crystal structure of 3-amino-2-ethylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The molecule of the title compound, C10H11N3O, is planar, including the ethyl group, as indicated by the N—C—C—C torsion angle of 1.5 (2)°. In the crystal, inversion-related molecules are stacked along the a axis. Molecules are oriented head-to-tail and display π–π interactions with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.6664 (8) Å. N—H...O hydrogen bonds between molecules generate a `step' structure through formation of an R22(10) ring.
    Keywords: crystal structure3-amino-2-ethylquinazolin-4(3H)-oneπ–π interactions
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5368
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  • 68
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    Crystal structure of S-(4-methylbenzyl) piperidinedithiocarbamate (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography (IUC)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The title compound, C14H19NS2, crystallizes in the thione form with the presence of a C=S bond. The piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the essentially planar dithiocarbamate and p-tolyl fragments is 74.46 (10)°
    Keywords: crystal structuredithiocarbamatesubstituted dithiocarbamatepiperidine dithiocarbamate
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  • 69
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    Torsion Wave Solutions in Yang-Mielke Theory of Gravity (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The approach of metric-affine gravity initially distinguishes it from Einstein’s general relativity. Using an independent affine connection produces a theory with 10 + 64 unknowns. We write down the Yang-Mills action for the affine connection and produce the Yang-Mills equation and the so-called complementary Yang-Mills equation by independently varying with respect to the connection and the metric, respectively. We call this theory the Yang-Mielke theory of gravity. We construct explicit spacetimes with pp-metric and purely axial torsion and show that they represent a solution of Yang-Mills theory. Finally we compare these spacetimes to existing solutions of metric-affine gravity and present future research possibilities.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7365
    Topics: Physics
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  • 70
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    Hom--Operators and Hom-Yang-Baxter Equations (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: In Hom-Lie set, we introduce the concept of Hom--operators and study its relation with classical Hom-Yang-Baxter equation, as well as left-symmetric Hom-algebras. We construct the corresponding relation between left-symmetric Hom-algebras and Hom-1-cocycles, which are both related to classical Hom-Yang-Baxter equation. Moreover, in Hom-algebra setting, we establish the equivalent relationship between AHYBE (associative Hom-Yang-Baxter equations) and -operators on Frobenius monoidal Hom-algebras.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9139
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 71
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    Heat and Mass Transfer for MHD Viscoelastic Fluid Flow over a Vertical Stretching Sheet with Considering Soret and Dufour Effects (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The homotopy analysis method (HAM) with two auxiliary parameters is employed to examine heat and mass transfer in a steady two-dimensional magneto hydrodynamic viscoelastic fluid flow over a stretching vertical surface by considering Soret and Dufour effects. The two-dimensional boundary-layer governing partial differential equations are derived by considering the Boussinesq approximation. The highly nonlinear ordinary differential forms of momentum, energy, and concentration equations are obtained by similarity transformation. These equations are solved analytically in the presence of buoyancy force. The effects of different involved parameters such as magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, buoyancy parameter, Soret number, Dufour number, and Lewis number on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are plotted and discussed. The effect of the second auxiliary parameter is also illustrated. Results show that the effect of increasing Soret number or decreasing Dufour number tends to decrease the velocity and temperature profiles (increase in Sr cools the fluid and reduces the temperature) while enhancing the concentration distribution.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
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    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Application of the Preview Control Method to the Optimal Tracking Control Problem for Continuous-Time Systems with Time-Delay (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: This paper considers the application of the preview control method to the optimal tracking control problem for a class of continuous-time systems with state and input delays. First, through a transformation, the system is transformed into a nondelayed one. Then, the tracking problem of the time-delay system is transformed into one of a nondelayed system via processing of the reference signal. We then apply preview control theory to derive an augmented system for the nondelayed system and design a controller with preview function assuming that the reference signal is previewable. Finally, we obtain the optimal control law of the augmented error system and thus obtain that of the original system by letting the preview length of the reference signal go to zero. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of our conclusions.
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    Rotation and Magnetic Field Effect on Surface Waves Propagation in an Elastic Layer Lying over a Generalized Thermoelastic Diffusive Half-Space with Imperfect Boundary (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The aim of the present investigation is to study the effects of magnetic field, relaxation times, and rotation on the propagation of surface waves with imperfect boundary. The propagation between an isotropic elastic layer of finite thickness and a homogenous isotropic thermodiffusive elastic half-space with rotation in the context of Green-Lindsay (GL) model is studied. The secular equation for surface waves in compact form is derived after developing the mathematical model. The phase velocity and attenuation coefficient are obtained for stiffness, and then deduced for normal stiffness, tangential stiffness and welded contact. The amplitudes of displacements, temperature, and concentration are computed analytically at the free plane boundary. Some special cases are illustrated and compared with previous results obtained by other authors. The effects of rotation, magnetic field, and relaxation times on the speed, attenuation coefficient, and the amplitudes of displacements, temperature, and concentration are displayed graphically.
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    Numerical Investigation of Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Rectangular Tubes with Protrusions (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Flow characteristics and heat transfer performances in rectangular tubes with protrusions are numerically investigated in this paper. The thermal heat transfer enhancement of composite structures and flow resistance reduction of non-Newtonian fluid are taken advantage of to obtain a better thermal performance. Protrusion channels coupled with different CMC concentration solutions are studied, and the results are compared with that of smooth channels with water flow. The comprehensive influence of turbulence effects, structural effects, and secondary flow effects on the CMC’s flow in protrusion tubes is extensively investigated. The results indicate that the variation of flow resistance parameters of shear-thinning power-law fluid often shows a nonmonotonic trend, which is different from that of water. It can be concluded that protrusion structure can effectively enhance the heat transfer of CMC solution with low pressure penalty in specific cases. Moreover, for a specific protrusion structure and a fixed flow velocity, there exists an optimal solution concentration showing the best thermal performance.
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    Research on Conflict Behavior of Top Management Team in Family Enterprises: A Complex Network Perspective (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: At present time, methods of research about top management team’s conflict become more and more prosperous with the help of complex system theory and evolutionary game. Taking family enterprise as an example, this paper makes an attempt on exploring complex network modeling to study data processing method and abstraction method of complex network of TMT conflict. And the paper will consider the attribute and relational mapping of top management team as nodes and edges in complex network to discuss the direct correspondence between complex network structure and management team characteristics. Besides that, according to the multiple attribute decision making, the method to dig into core members of the top management team will be created on the basis of the degree, closeness, cluster coefficient, and betweenness. And then the article will devote to studying the impact of attributes to the inner mechanism of TMT conflict and team cohesion through the network characteristic analysis.
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    Rapid simulation rescaling from standard to modified gravity models (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: We develop and test an algorithm to rescale a simulated dark-matter particle distribution or halo catalogue from a standard gravity model to that of a modified gravity model. This method is based on that of Angulo & White but with some additional ingredients to account for (i) scale-dependent growth of linear density perturbations and (ii) screening mechanisms that are generic features of viable modified gravity models. We attempt to keep the method as general as possible, so that it may plausibly be applied to a wide range of modified theories, although tests against simulations are restricted to a subclass of f ( R ) models at this stage. We show that rescaling allows the power spectrum of matter to be reproduced at the ~3 per cent level in both real and redshift space up to k  = 0.1 h Mpc –1 if we change the box size and alter the particle displacement field; this limit can be extended to k  = 1 h Mpc –1 if we additionally alter halo internal structure. We simultaneously develop an algorithm that can be applied directly to a halo catalogue, in which case the halo mass function and clustering can be reproduced at the ~5 per cent level. Finally, we investigate the clustering of halo particle distributions, generated from rescaled halo catalogues, and find that a similar accuracy can be reached.
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    Topics: Physics
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    Effect of a CO2 Laser on the Inhibition of Root Surface Caries Adjacent to Restorations of Glass Ionomer Cement or Composite Resin: An In Vitro Study (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: This study investigated the effect of CO2 laser irradiation on the inhibition of secondary caries on root surfaces adjacent to glass ionomer cement (GIC) or composite resin (CR) restorations. 40 dental blocks were divided into 4 groups: G1 (negative control): cavity preparation + adhesive restoration with CR; G2: (positive control) cavity preparation + GIC restoration; G3: equal to group 1 + CO2 laser with 6 J/cm2; G4: equal to group 2 + CO2 laser. The blocks were submitted to thermal and pH cycling. Dental demineralization around restorations was quantified using microhardness analyses and Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF). The groups showed no significant differences in mineral loss at depths between 20 μm and 40 μm. At 60 μm, G2 and G3 ≠ G1, but G4 = G1, G2 and G3. At 80 μm, G4 ≠ G1, and at 100 μm, G4 = G2 = G1. At 140 and 220 μm, G2, G3, and G4 = G1. The averages obtained using QFL in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.637, 0.162, 0.095, and 0.048, respectively. QLF and microhardness analyses showed that CO2 laser irradiation reduced mineral loss around the CR restorations but that it did not increase the anticariogenic effect of GIC restorations.
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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    Trend Change Study of Climate Variables in Xin’anjiang-Fuchunjiang Watershed, China (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: This study emphasizes the precipitation and the maximum and minimum temperature trend and presents the results of study in temporal and spatial scales, after performing statistical analysis of the Xin’anjiang-Fuchunjiang watershed. Statistical Mann Kendall and Theil Sen techniques were used to determine the trend and its magnitude, respectively, and for determining the start and abrupt change in the trend, Sequential Mann Kendall test has been performed. Furthermore, statistical tests were performed to determine the overall trend in the area at a regional basis. For the removal of the serial effect of the data, prewhitening technique is applied. In this study, statistical tests were performed at 1901–2013 precipitation and temperature series and then after detection of the change year precipitation data were divided into two different scenarios of 1901–1960 period and 1961–2013 period. The results showed that precipitation trend is insignificant while maximum and minimum temperature have increased during 1901–2013 period except for some stations of autumn and summer seasons.
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Feature Extraction in Densely Sensed Environments: Extensions to Multiple Broadcast Domains (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: The vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) includes large and dense deployment of interconnected smart sensing and monitoring devices. This vast deployment necessitates collection and processing of large volume of measurement data. However, collecting all the measured data from individual devices on such a scale may be impractical and time-consuming. Moreover, processing these measurements requires complex algorithms to extract useful information. Thus, it becomes imperative to devise distributed information processing mechanisms that identify application-specific features in a timely manner and with low overhead. In this paper, we present a feature extraction mechanism for dense networks that takes advantage of dominance-based medium access control (MAC) protocols to (i) efficiently obtain global extrema of the sensed quantities, (ii) extract local extrema, and (iii) detect the boundaries of events, by using simple transforms that nodes employ on their local data. We extend our results for a large dense network with multiple broadcast domains (MBD). We discuss and compare two approaches for addressing the challenges with MBD and we show through extensive evaluations that our proposed distributed MBD approach is fast and efficient at retrieving the most valuable measurements, independent of the number sensor nodes in the network.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    A Grid-Based Linear Least Squares Self-Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Self-localization is one of the key technologies in the wireless sensor networks (WSN). Some traditional self-localization algorithms can provide a reasonable positioning accuracy only in a uniform and dense network, while for a nonuniform network the performance is not acceptable. In this paper, we presented a novel grid-based linear least squares (LLS) self-localization algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses the grid method to screen the anchors based on the distribution characteristic of a nonuniform network. Furthermore, by taking into consideration the quasi-uniform distribution of anchors in the area, we select suitable anchors to assist the localization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can greatly enhance the localization accuracy of the anonymous nodes and impose less computation burden compared to traditional Trilateration and Multilateration.
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    CTLL: A Cell-Based Transfer Learning Method for Localization in Large Scale Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Localization is emerging as a fundamental component in wireless sensor network and is widely used in the field of environmental monitoring, national and military defense, transportation monitoring, and so on. Current localization methods, however, focus on how to improve accuracy without considering the robustness. Thus, the error will increase rapidly when nodes density and SNR (signal to noise ratio) have changed dramatically. This paper introduces CTLL, Cell-Based Transfer Learning Method for Localization in WSNs, a new way for localization which is robust to the variances of nodes density and SNR. The method combines samples transfer learning and SVR (Support Vector Regression) regression model to get a better performance of localization. Unlike past work, which considers that the nodes density and SNR are invariable, our design applies regional division and transfer learning to adapt to the variances of nodes density and SNR. We evaluate the performance of our method both on simulation and realistic deployment. The results show that our method increases accuracy and provides high robustness under a low cost.
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    On Minimum-Latency Broadcast in Multichannel Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Broadcast has critical significance for wide application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Minimum-latency broadcast (MLB) studies how to devise a broadcast schedule, which can achieve minimum broadcast latency with no signal interference. In multichannel duty-cycled WSNs, nodes can exploit multiple channels to communicate and periodically fall asleep after working for some time. Nevertheless, most solutions to the MLB problem either focus on nonsleeping scenarios or only exploit one single channel. Therefore, we investigate the MLB problem in multichannel duty-cycled WSNs in this paper and call this problem as MLBCD problem. We prove that MLBCD problem is NP-hard. We propose a new concept of active interference graph (AIG). Based on AIG, we present one novel approximation broadcast algorithm called NAB to solve the MLBCD problem. We prove that our proposed NAB algorithm achieves provable performance guarantee. The results of our extensive evaluations show that NAB algorithm can significantly improve the broadcast latency.
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    A Group Mining Method for Big Data on Distributed Vehicle Trajectories in WAN (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: A distributed parallel clustering method MCR-ACA is proposed by integrating the ant colony algorithm with the computing framework Map-Combine-Reduce for mining groups with the same or similar features from big data on vehicle trajectories stored in Wide Area Network. The heaviest computing burden of clustering is conducted in parallel at local nodes, of which the results are merged to small size intermediates. The intermediates are sent to the central node and clusters are generated adaptively. The great overhead of transferring big volume data is avoided by MCR-ACA, which improves the computing efficiency and guarantees the correctness of clustering. MCR-ACA is compared with an existing parallel clustering algorithm on practical big data collected by the traffic monitoring system of Jiangsu province in China. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for group mining by clustering.
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    Kalman Filter-Based Indoor Position Tracking with Self-Calibration for RSS Variation Mitigation (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: This paper investigates the indoor position tracking problem under the variation of received signal strength (RSS) characteristic from the changes of device statuses and environmental factors. A novel indoor position tracking algorithm is introduced to provide reliable position estimates by integrating motion sensor-based positioning (i.e., dead-reckoning) and RSS-based fingerprinting positioning with Kalman filter. In the presence of the RSS variation, RSS-based fingerprinting positioning provides unreliable results due to different characteristics of RSS measurements in the offline and online phases, and the tracking performance is degraded. To mitigate the effect of the RSS variation, a recursive least square estimation-based self-calibration algorithm is proposed that estimates the RSS variation parameters and provides the mapping between the offline and online RSS measurements. By combining the Kalman filter-based tracking algorithm with the self-calibration, the proposed algorithm can achieve higher tracking accuracy even in severe RSS variation conditions. Through extensive computer simulations, we have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms other position tracking algorithms without self-calibration.
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    A Self-Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Based Multiple Source Localization Algorithm in Binary Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: With the development of wireless communication and sensor techniques, source localization based on sensor network is getting more attention. However, fewer works investigate the multiple source localization for binary sensor network. In this paper, a self-adaptive particle swarm optimization based multiple source localization method is proposed. A detection model based on Neyman-Pearson criterion is introduced. Then the maximum likelihood estimator is employed to establish the objective function which is used to estimate the location of sources. Therefore, the multiple-source localization problem is transformed into optimization problem. In order to improve the ability of global search of particle swarm optimization, the self-adaptive particle swarm optimization is used to solve this problem. Various simulations have been conducted, and the results show that the proposed method owns higher localization accuracy in comparison with other methods.
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    Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization, a localization algorithm named multiobjective particle swarm optimization localization algorithm (MOPSOLA) is proposed to solve the multiobjective optimization localization issues in wireless sensor networks. The multiobjective functions consist of the space distance constraint and the geometric topology constraint. The optimal solution is found by multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm. Dynamic method is adopted to maintain the archive in order to limit the size of archive, and the global optimum is obtained according to the proportion of selection. The simulation results show considerable improvements in terms of localization accuracy and convergence rate while keeping a limited archive size by a method using the global optimal selection operator and dynamically maintaining the archive.
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    Lightweight Anomaly Detection for Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is critical to ensure the quality of senor data, secure monitoring, and reliable detection of interesting and critical events. The main challenge of anomaly detection algorithm in WSNs is identifying anomalies with high accuracy while consuming minimal resource of the network. In this paper two lightweight anomaly detection algorithms LADS and LADQA are proposed for WSNs. Both algorithms utilize the one-class quarter-sphere support vector machine (QSSVM) and convert the linear optimization problem of QSSVM to a sort problem for the reduced computational complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can keep the lower computational complexity without reducing the accuracy for anomaly detection, compared to QSSVM.
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    Robust Observer-Based Feedback Control for Lipschitz Singularly Perturbed Systems (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: The observer-based feedback control for singularly perturbed systems (SPSs) with Lipschitz constraint is addressed. A sufficient condition, independent of the perturbation parameter, for a full-order observer is presented in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) such that observation error is exponentially stable for all sufficiently small perturbation parameters. Then, for observer-based feedback control, a proper controller is constructed to guarantee the input-to-state stability of the system with regard to the observation error. Considering the convergence of observation error, the stability of the system can be obtained based on the input-to-state stability property. It is shown that the proposed method is simple and easy to operate. Moreover, the upper bound of the small perturbation parameter for stability of systems can be explicitly estimated with a workable computation way. Finally, two numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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    Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on DDOA and Self-Organizing Map (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: An effective two-level self-organizing map (SOM) neural network for direction of arrival (DOA) of sound signals estimation is proposed. The approach is based on the distance difference of arrival (DDOA) and a uniform linear sensor array in a 2D plane; it performs a nonlinear mapping between the DDOA vectors and angles of arrival (AOA). We found that the topological order of DDOA vectors and AOAs of same signals is uniform; thus, the topological order preserving of SOM network makes it valid to estimate AOA through DDOA. From the results of simulations and lake experiments, it is shown that the network has the advantage of accuracy and robustness, can be trained in advance, and is easy to implement.
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    A Max-Term Counting Based Knowledge Inconsistency Checking Strategy and Inconsistency Measure Calculation of Fuzzy Knowledge Based Systems (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: The task of finding all the minimal inconsistent subsets plays a vital role in many theoretical works especially in large knowledge bases and it has been proved to be a NP-complete problem. In this work, at first we propose a max-term counting based knowledge inconsistency checking strategy. And, then, we put forward an algorithm for finding all minimal inconsistent subsets, in which we establish a Boolean lattice to organize the subsets of the given knowledge base and use leaf pruning to optimize the algorithm efficiency. Comparative experiments and analysis also show the algorithm’s improvement over past approaches. Finally, we give an application for inconsistency measure calculation of fuzzy knowledge based systems.
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    redMaPPer - IV. Photometric membership identification of red cluster galaxies with 1 per cent precision (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: In order to study the galaxy population of galaxy clusters with photometric data, one must be able to accurately discriminate between cluster members and non-members. The redMaPPer cluster finding algorithm treats this problem probabilistically, focusing exclusively on the red galaxy population. Here, we utilize Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Galaxy And Mass Assembly spectroscopic membership rates to validate the redMaPPer membership probability estimates for clusters with z [0.1, 0.3]. We find small – but correctable – biases, sourced by three different systematics. The first two were expected a priori, namely blue cluster galaxies and correlated structure along the line of sight. The third systematic is new: the redMaPPer template fitting exhibits a non-trivial dependence on photometric noise, which biases the original redMaPPer probabilities when utilizing noisy data. After correcting for these effects, we find exquisite agreement (1 per cent) between the photometric probability estimates and the spectroscopic membership rates, demonstrating that we can robustly recover cluster membership estimates from photometric data alone. As a byproduct of our analysis we find that on average unavoidable projection effects from correlated structure contribute 6 per cent of the richness of a redMaPPer galaxy cluster. This work also marks the second public release of the SDSS redMaPPer cluster catalogue.
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    The transformation and quenching of simulated gas-rich dwarf satellites within a group environment (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: The underlying mechanisms driving the quenching of dwarf-mass satellite galaxies remain poorly constrained, but recent studies suggest they are particularly inefficient for those satellites with stellar mass 10 9 M . We investigate the characteristic evolution of these systems with chemodynamical simulations and idealized models of their tidal/hydrodynamic interactions within the 10 $^{\rm 13{\rm -}13.5}$ -M group-mass hosts in which they are preferentially quenched. Our fiducial simulations highlight the role played by secular star formation and stellar bars, and demonstrate a transition from a gas-rich to passive, H i -deficient state (i.e. SFR ≤ –1, def $_{\rm H\, {\small {I}}}$  ≥ 0.5) within 6 Gyr of first infall. Furthermore, in the 8–10 Gyr in which these systems have typically been resident within group hosts, the bulge-to-total ratio of an initially bulgeless disc can increase to 0.3 〈 B/T 〈 0.4, its specific angular momentum R reduce to ~0.5, and strong bisymmetries formed. Ultimately, this scenario yields satellites resembling dwarf S0s, a result that holds for a variety of infall inclinations/harassments albeit with broad scatter. The key assumptions here lie in the rapid removal of the satellite's gaseous halo upon virial infall, and the satellite's local intragroup medium density being defined by the host's spherically averaged profile. We demonstrate how quenching can be greatly enhanced if the satellite lies in an overdensity, consistent with recent cosmological-scale simulations but contrasting with observationally inferred quenching mechanisms/time-scales; an appraisal of these results with respect to the apparent preferential formation of dS0s/S0s in groups is also given.
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    Non-virialized clusters for detection of dark energy-dark matter interaction (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: The observation of galaxy and gas distributions, as well as cosmological simulations in a CDM cold dark matter universe, suggests that clusters of galaxies are still accreting mass and are not expected to be in equilibrium. In this work, we investigate the possibility to evaluate the departure from virial equilibrium in order to detect, in that balance, effects from a dark matter–dark energy interaction. We continue, from previous works, using a simple model of interacting dark sector, the Layzer–Irvine equation for dynamical virial evolution, and employ optical observations in order to obtain the mass profiles through weak-lensing and X-ray observations giving the intracluster gas temperatures. Through a Monte Carlo method, we generate, for a set of clusters, measurements of observed virial ratios, interaction strength, rest virial ratio and departure from equilibrium factors. We found a compounded interaction strength of $-1.99^{+2.56}_{-16.00}$ , compatible with no interaction, but also a compounded rest virial ratio of –0.79 ± 0.13, which would entail a 2 detection. We confirm quantitatively that clusters of galaxies are out of equilibrium but further investigation is needed to constrain a possible interaction in the dark sector.
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    Automated reduction of sub-millimetre single-dish heterodyne data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope using ORAC-DR (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: With the advent of modern multidetector heterodyne instruments that can result in observations generating thousands of spectra per minute it is no longer feasible to reduce these data as individual spectra. We describe the automated data reduction procedure used to generate baselined data cubes from heterodyne data obtained at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). The system can automatically detect baseline regions in spectra and automatically determine regridding parameters, all without input from a user. Additionally, it can detect and remove spectra suffering from transient interference effects or anomalous baselines. The pipeline is written as a set of recipes using the ORAC-DR pipeline environment with the algorithmic code using Starlink software packages and infrastructure. The algorithms presented here can be applied to other heterodyne array instruments and have been applied to data from historical JCMT heterodyne instrumentation.
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    ALMA imaging of SDP.81 - II. A pixelated reconstruction of the CO emission lines (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: We present a sub-100 pc-scale analysis of the CO molecular gas emission and kinematics of the gravitational lens system SDP.81 at redshift 3.042 using Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) science verification data and a visibility-plane lens reconstruction technique. We find clear evidence for an excitation-dependent structure in the unlensed molecular gas distribution, with emission in CO (5–4) being significantly more diffuse and structured than in CO (8–7). The intrinsic line luminosity ratio is r 8–7/5–4  = 0.30 ± 0.04, which is consistent with other low-excitation starbursts at z  ~ 3. An analysis of the velocity fields shows evidence for a star-forming disc with multiple velocity components that is consistent with a merger/post-coalescence merger scenario, and a dynamical mass of M (〈1.56 kpc) = 1.6 ± 0.6  x  10 10 M . Source reconstructions from ALMA and the Hubble Space Telescope show that the stellar component is offset from the molecular gas and dust components. Together with Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array CO (1–0) data, they provide corroborative evidence for a complex ~2 kpc-scale starburst that is embedded within a larger ~15 kpc structure.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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    The WISE view of RV Tauri stars (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: We present a detailed study based on infrared (IR) photometry of all Galactic RV Tauri stars from the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS). RV Tauri stars are the brightest among the Population II Cepheids. They are thought to evolve away from the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) towards the white dwarf domain. IRAS detected several RV Tauri stars because of their large IR excesses and it was found that they occupy a specific region in the [12] – [25], [25] – [60] IRAS two-colour diagram. We used the all sky survey of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer to extend these studies and compare the IR properties of all RV Tauri stars in the GCVS with a selected sample of post-AGB objects with the goal to place the RV Tauri pulsators in the context of post-AGB evolution. Moreover, we correlated the IR properties of both the RV Tauri stars and the comparison sample with other observables like binarity and the presence of a photospheric chemical anomaly called depletion. We find that Galactic RV Tauri stars display a range of IR properties and we differentiate between disc sources, objects with no IR excess and objects for which the spectral energy distribution (SED) is uncertain. We obtain a clear correlation between disc sources and binarity. RV Tauri stars with a variable mean magnitude are exclusively found among the disc sources. We also find evidence for disc evolution among the binaries. Furthermore our studies show that the presence of a disc seems to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for the depletion process to become efficient.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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    Unstable mass-outflows in geometrically thick accretion flows around black holes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Accretion flows around black holes generally result in mass-outflows that exhibit irregular behaviour quite often. Using 2D time-dependent hydrodynamical calculations, we show that the mass-outflow is unstable in the cases of thick accretion flows such as the low angular momentum accretion flow and the advection-dominated accretion flow. For the low angular momentum flow, the inward accreting matter on the equatorial plane interacts with the outflowing gas along the rotational axis and the centrifugally supported oblique shock is formed at the interface of both the flows, when the viscosity parameter α is as small as α ≤ 10 –3 . The hot and rarefied blobs, which result in the eruptive mass-outflow, are generated in the inner shocked region and grow up towards the outer boundary. The advection-dominated accretion flow attains finally in the form of a torus disc with the inner edge of the disc at 3 R g  ≤  r  ≤ 6 R g and the centre at 6 R g  ≤  r  ≤ 10 R g , and a series of hot blobs is intermittently formed near the inner edge of the torus and grows up along the outer surface of the torus. As a result, the luminosity and the mass-outflow rate are modulated irregularly where the luminosity is enhanced by 10–40 per cent and the mass-outflow rate is increased by a factor of few up to 10. We interpret the unstable nature of the outflow to be due to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, examining the Richardson number for the Kelvin–Helmholtz criterion in the inner region of the flow. We propose that the flare phenomena of Sgr A* may be induced by the unstable mass-outflow as is found in this work.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 98
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    Parameter choices and ranges for continuous gravitational wave searches for steadily spinning neutron stars (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: We consider the issue of selecting parameters and their associated ranges for carrying out searches for continuous gravitational waves from steadily rotating neutron stars. We consider three different cases: (i) the ‘classic’ case of a star spinning about a principal axis; (ii) a biaxial star, not spinning about a principal axis; (iii) a triaxial star spinning steady, but not about a principal axis [as described by Jones]. The first of these emits only at one frequency; the other two at a pair of harmonically related frequencies. We show that in all three cases, when written in terms of the original ‘source parameters’, there exist a number of discrete degeneracies, with different parameter values giving rise to the same gravitational wave signal. We show how these can be removed by suitably restricting the source parameter ranges. In the case of the model as written down by Jones, there is also a continuous degeneracy. We show how to remove this through a suitable rewriting in terms of ‘waveform parameters’, chosen so as to make the specializations to the other stellar models particularly simple. We briefly consider the (non-trivial) relation between the assignments of prior probabilities on one set of parameters verses the other. The results of this paper will be of use when designing strategies for carrying out searches for such multiharmonic gravitational wave signals, and when performing parameter estimation in the event of a detection.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 99
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    Type Ia supernova remnants: shaping by iron bullets (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Using 2D numerical hydrodynamical simulations of Type Ia supernova remnants (SNR Ia) we show that iron clumps few times denser than the rest of the SN ejecta might form protrusions in an otherwise spherical SNR. Such protrusions exist in some SNR Ia, e.g. SNR 1885 and Tycho. Iron clumps are expected to form in the deflagration to detonation explosion model. In SNR Ia where there are two opposite protrusions, termed ‘ears’, such as Kepler's SNR and SNR G1.9+0.3, our scenario implies that the dense clumps, or iron bullets, were formed along an axis. Such a preferred axis can result from a rotating white dwarf progenitor. If our claim holds, this offers an important clue to the SN Ia explosion scenario.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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    Binary open clusters in the Milky Way: photometric and spectroscopic analysis of NGC 5617 and Trumpler 22 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Using photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy we investigate for the first time the physical connection between the open clusters NGC 5617 and Trumpler 22. Based on new CCD photometry we report their spatial proximity and common age of ~70 Myr. Based on high-resolution spectra collected using the HERMES and UCLES spectrographs on the Anglo-Australian telescope, we present radial velocities and abundances for Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, and Ni. The measured radial velocities are –38.63 ± 2.25 km s –1 for NGC 5617 and –38.46 ± 2.08 km s –1 for Trumpler 22. The mean metallicity of NGC 5617 was found to be [Fe/H] = –0.18 ± 0.02 and for Trumpler 22 was found to be [Fe/H] = –0.17 ± 0.04. The two clusters share similar abundances across the other elements, indicative of a common chemical enrichment history of these clusters. Together with common motions and ages we confirm that NGC 5617 and Trumpler 22 are a primordial binary cluster pair in the Milky Way.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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