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  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues  (1,135)
  • Engineering
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 2020-2024  (1,197)
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  • 1
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    Campus Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Art und Weise, wie die Menschen über das alltägliche und zugleich so komplexe Wetter nachdenken, hat eine überraschende Geschichte. Bevor die Meteorologie um 1850 eine Physik der Atmosphäre wurde, gab es verschiedene Formen des Wetterwissens: eine, die nach Naturgesetzen forschte, aber auch eine, die Wetterzeichen sammelte und eine, die das Wetter als Teil eines natürlichen Organismus untersuchte. Diesen verschiedenen historischen Wissensformen und ihren Akteuren geht die vorliegende Studie auf den Grund. Untersucht wird, wie sich die moderne Meteorologie aus ihnen entwickelte – und auch, welches Wissen dabei verlorenging. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de
    Keywords: Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Alltagswissen ; Wetter ; Meteorologie ; Wettervorhersage ; Wetterbeobachtung ; Geschichte der Klimatologie ; Geschichte der Meteorologie ; Wetterphänomene ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: German
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Bio Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) consists in the application of a small frequency variable electrical signal to a biological material and measuring its response. This research explores BIS applied to cancer and healthy cells and tissues, with the objective to try to distinguish them and also to explore differences between metastatic and non-metastatic cancers. Important trends were found in the direction of a significant different spectral response between cancerous and healthy tissues, close correlated with the effects of the cancer in the normal tissues. Also, one physical characteristic that can possibly be used to distinguish metastatic from non-metastatic cancer cells was found: the cell surface charge.
    Keywords: Cells distinction ; Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ; Metastatic cancers ; Non-metastatic cancers ; Cell charge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Emerald Publishing | ICE Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Specification for Tunnelling, Fourth edition is a standard industry document for tunnelling contracts and forms the basis of tunnelling specifications for projects throughout the world. It reflects current industry best practice and considers technological advancements over the last ten years. It also investigates a range of new topics. Since the publication of the third edition in 2010, the British tunnelling industry has completed several major projects both domestic and abroad. This updated fourth edition captures the many advances made in the field of tunnelling and the lessons learned on these projects through a comprehensive review of all content by subject matter experts. The importance of sustainability and the increased market share of low CO2e materials have been reflected by removal of prescriptive requirements and a strong emphasis on performance-based specification. All references to codes, standards and other design documents have been comprehensively updated. Drafted by an expert editorial committee and supported by multiple rounds of industry-wide peer reviews, the Specification for Tunnelling in its fourth edition will continue to be the de facto standard reference work for tunnelling in the UK and worldwide.
    Keywords: Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNC Company, commercial and competition law: general::LNCQ Construction and engineering law ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNC Company, commercial and competition law: general::LNCQ Construction and engineering law ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    University of Chicago Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: A concise primer that complicates a convenient truth in biology—the divide between germ and somatic cells—with far-reaching ethical and public policy ramifications. Scientists have long held that we have two kinds of cells—germ and soma. Make a change to germ cells—say using genome editing—and that change will appear in the cells of future generations. Somatic cells are “safe” after such tampering; modify your skin cells, and your future children’s skin cells will never know. And, while germ cells can give rise to new generations (including all of the somatic cells in a body), somatic cells can never become germ cells. How did scientists discover this relationship and distinction between somatic and germ cells—the so-called Weismann Barrier—and does it actually exist? Can somatic cells become germ cells in the way germ cells become somatic cells? That is, can germ cells regenerate from somatic cells even though conventional wisdom denies this possibility? Covering research from the late nineteenth century to the 2020s, historian and philosopher of science Kate MacCord explores how scientists came to understand and accept the dubious concept of the Weismann Barrier and what profound implications this convenient assumption has for research and policy, from genome editing to stem cell research, and much more.
    Keywords: germline, germ cell, regeneration, genome editing, cell lineage, Weismann Barrier, August Weismann, germ plasm theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology)
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Media and communication have become ubiquitous in today’s societies and affect all aspects of life. On an individual level, they impact how we learn about the world, how we entertain ourselves, and how we interact with others. On an organisational level, the interactions between media and organisations, such as political parties, NGOs, businesses and brands, shape organisations’ reputation, legitimacy, trust and (financial) performance, as well as individuals’ consumer, political, social and health behaviours. At the societal level, media and communication are crucial for shaping public opinion on current issues such as climate change, sustainability, diversity, and well-being. Media challenges are widespread and include mis- and disinformation, the negative impact of algorithms on our information diets, challenges to our privacy, cyberbullying, media addiction, and unwanted persuasion, among many others. All this makes the study of media and communication crucial. This book provides a broad overview of the ways in which people create, use, and experience their media environment, and the role of media and communication for individuals, organisations, and society. The chapters in the book were written by researchers from the Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR) on the occasion of its 25th anniversary. ASCoR is today the largest research institute of its kind in Europe and has developed over the past 25 years into one of the best communications research institutes in the world.
    Keywords: New communicators, new media technology, new media communication, consequences of todays’ media landscape for society, groups and individuals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The 3rd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2023 (ICAME-23) was organized on 24th August 2023 by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST). All the articles are single-blindfold reviewed. The acceptance rate of the conference was 65%. ICAME is held annually and welcame high-quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, case studies, and review papers from researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students worldwide. ICAME-23 accepted research papers in the discipline of: Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics; Thermodynamics and heat transfer analysis; Machine and Mechanisms; Design and Solid Mechanics; Manufacturing, Production and Industrial Engineering; Engineering and Technology Management; Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering; Bioengineering; Materials and Failure Analysis; Other Related Fields. The ICAME-23 conference provided a platform for the national and international speakers/participants to present their state-of-the-art research work to diverse audiences from academia and industry. The conference proceedings are published in the Engineering Proceeding of MDPI, Switzerland. All the articles are individually indexed and are citable via Digital Object Identification (DOI).
    Keywords: Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Brill
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Translating Technology in Africa brings together authors from different disciplines who engage with Science and Technology Studies (STS) to stimulate curiosity about the diversity of sociotechnical assemblages on the African continent. The contributions provide detailed praxeographic examinations of technologies at work in postcolonial contexts. The series of 5 volumes aims to catalyse the development of a field of research that is still in its infancy in Africa and promises to offer novel insights into past, present, and future challenges and opportunities facing the continent. The first volume, on "Metrics", explores practices of quantification and digitisation. The chapters examine how numbers are aggregated and how the resulting metrics shape new realities. Contributors include Kevin. P. Donovan, Véra Ehrenstein, Jonathan Klaaren, Emma Park, Helen Robertson, René Umlauf and Helen Verran
    Keywords: access to information ; algorithmic decision-making ; carbon ; concept possession ; credit ; digital infrastructure ; digital labour ; Gabon ; Kenya ; machine-learning models ; measurement ; Nigeria ; platforms ; privacy ; quantification ; remote sensing ; South Africa ; tropical forests ; Uganda ; Yorùbá ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1H Africa
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Modern medicine tends to favor treatment with pharmaceuticals. However, there is a growing trend towards personalized and holistic medicine that incorporates a person’s biopsychosocial and spiritual perspective. This book discusses some of these alternative medical approaches, including biofeedback vibrational medicine, acupuncture, and more. Health and wellness must be redefined, and lifestyle should be taken into consideration without ignoring traditional and alternative medical methods. This book presents a comprehensive overview of alternative medicine, presenting new approaches to health in combination with modern orthodox medicine.
    Keywords: Energetic Medicine ; Vibrational Medicine ; Homeopathy ; Epigenetics ; Acupuncture ; Ayurveda ; Mind-Body Therapies ; Phytotherapy ; Aromatherapy ; Hirudotherapy ; Apitherapy ; Hypnotherapy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This book provides useful insight into how academics from diverse disciplinary backgrounds, such as science, engineering, technology, social science, policy, design, architecture, built environment, business, and management, have been conducting research into how to realise net zero emissions to address climate change. This book explores the ways in which countries around the world have pledged to achieve net zero emissions through decarbonisation processes. It presents the highest calibre research and impact activities carried out in the UK, Europe, North America, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Such activities include conceptualisation, opportunity identification, specific case studies, demonstration of proof of concepts, provision of evidence, education of the general public, and knowledge transfer to companies. Further to this, the chapters also bring to light personal career journeys to net zero by current and future international research leaders. From this book, readers will gain a full understanding of net zero research via multiple disciplinary pathways, be inspired by personal accounts, and will learn key methodologies, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The diversity of authors and topics make the book widely applicable to a range of fields, and it will be of great interest to researchers, students, practitioners, and decision makers working towards the goals of net zero and decarbonisation.
    Keywords: Net Zero ; Net Zero emissions ; Decarbonisation ; Climate change ; Interdisciplinary education ; Carbon neutral ; 2050 ; Sustainability ; Sustainable consumption ; Sustainability transitions ; Sustainable fashion ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AK Design, Industrial and commercial arts, illustration::AKP Product design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning::RPC Urban and municipal planning and policy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBD Technical design::TBDG Ergonomics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSD Urban communities ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDP Other manufacturing technologies
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Collège de France
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Dans les années 1920, une théorie mathématique (la diagonalisation des matrices) et une question physique (la détermination du spectre des atomes), nées indépendamment, se sont rejointes pour donner naissance à la mécanique quantique et à la branche des mathématiques appelée « théorie spectrale ». Celle-ci intervient dans toute équation d’évolution linéaire, dont elle décompose les solutions en une superposition de solutions stationnaires dites « modes propres », qui vibrent à des « fréquences propres » : ces fréquences constituent le « spectre ». Située à l’intersection de plusieurs communautés mathématiques, la géométrie spectrale vise à comprendre le lien entre la géométrie initiale d’un objet et son spectre de vibration. L’auteure entreprend de retracer l’histoire de ce domaine très actif à travers quelques grands thèmes de recherche passés et actuels.
    Keywords: mathématiques ; géométrie spectrale ; physique quantique ; sciences ; spectre ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Language: French
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  • 11
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    CLACSO
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Los estudios sociales en ciencia y tecnología en América Latina cuentan ya con medio siglo de desarrollo en la región. El origen del campo en los años sesenta dotó de características propias que permanecieron, a lo largo de las décadas con diferentes niveles de intensidad, en el marco de nuevos modelos y formas de pensar el desarrollo y de afrontar las condiciones de pobreza y exclusión de nuestras sociedades. Una vez recorrida la etapa de profesionalización del campo –y en diálogo con la dinámica de construcción de estos estudios en los países del norte– se retomaron desde nuevas preguntas y perspectivas aquellas reflexiones iniciadas en los años sesenta, al tiempo que se generaron esfuerzos por construir miradas originales sobre los significados sociales, económicos y políticos de la ciencia y la tecnología. Así se construyeron enfoques y perspectivas analíticas que aprovechan los aportes del campo a nivel internacional y los alimentan con perspectivas regionales. Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en América Latina está organizado en cinco secciones variadas y heterogéneas, referidas todas ellas a América Latina, en las que se discuten problemas sociales muy diversos. El rico caudal de estas investigaciones sostiene como objetivo común la superación del atraso y de la dependencia de nuestros países, y la búsqueda de estrategias adecuadas en pos de mejorar las condiciones de vida en la región. Con una perspectiva múltiple e interdisciplinar, investigadores jóvenes del continente muestran la riqueza y la relevancia de los estudios actuales en este campo.
    Keywords: General Science ; History ; Latin American Studies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: Spanish
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  • 12
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht zielt das Lernen in Kontexten primär darauf ab, die Lernenden näher an ihre Lebenswelt heranzuführen und so ihr Interesse zu steigern. Die vorliegende Studie fokussiert die Wahrnehmung und Wirksamkeit authentischer Kontexte mit physikalisch-technischem Bezug im Lehr-Lern-Labor und nimmt dabei sowohl die Lernenden als auch zukünftige Lehrende in den Blick. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit wurde das Potenzial von authentischen Kontexten im Bereich von Physik und Technik zur Förderung affektiver Merkmale wie Interesse, Einstellungen und Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept sowohl bei Lehramtsstudierenden wie bei Schüler:innen der Sekundarstufe I untersucht. In zwei Interventionsstudien wurden Themen aktueller Forschung als authentische Lernkontexte im Setting eines Lehr-Lern-Labors eingesetzt. Die empirische Prüfung der Interventionswirkung erfolgte anhand eines quantitativen, quasi-experimentellen Designs mit insgesamt N=176 Lehramtsstudierenden und N=1.156 Schüler:innen. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen, dass die stark fachlich geprägten Forschungsprojekte didaktisch aufbereitet als Lehr-Lern-Material von den Proband:innen authentisch eingeschätzt werden. Das Lernen mit solchen Kontexten ermöglicht eine positive Entwicklung affektiver Merkmale sowohl bei den Lehramtsstudierenden als auch bei den Schüler:innen.
    Keywords: Fachdidaktiken Physik und Technik ; Kontext ; Lehr-Lern-Labor ; Selbstkonzept ; Interesse ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNW Extra-curricular activities ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::Y Children's, Teenage & educational::YQ Educational material::YQS Educational: Sciences, general science::YQSP Educational: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNW Extra-curricular activities ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::Y Children’s, Teenage and Educational::YP Educational material::YPM Educational: Mathematics, science and technology, general::YPMP Educational: Sciences, general science::YPMP5 Educational: Physics
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    TU Delft OPEN Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The Cross Domain City of the Future Graduation Lab, situated in the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment at TU Delft, has been a pioneer in experimenting with a multidisciplinary approach to education on the built environment. Drawing upon this expertise over the past years, this book reflects on multidisciplinarity in the built environment and its implementation in education on the built environment. How should one approach multidisciplinarity in education and practice? What encompasses its core elements, benefits, and challenges? By addressing these questions, the book aims to inform students and practitioners within the realm of the built environment by sharing insights from experiences in multidisciplinary education. It presents eight conclusions regarding the future of multidisciplinary education and, thereby, seeks to contribute to a more humane and sustainable future for cities: 1.Process is central to multidisciplinary collaboration. Negotiating positions, ensuring an environment of respect, balance and open-mindedness, and setting a common vocabulary. 2.Multidisciplinarity can be a way to foster innovation. It triggers complementarity and confrontation. As with any innovation, there is potential for greater outcomes, but, at the same time, extra risks emerge. These need to be managed. 3.Multidisciplinarity could be better integrated into organisational structures. 4.Disciplinarity and multidisciplinarity are in mutual coexistence. They are inseparable. They can complement and contradict each other. 5.Problem precedes solution, not the opposite. Framing the problem, or ‘problematizing’, is a considerable share of the actual solution. This is particularly applicable to multidisciplinarity. 6.Multidisciplinarity is by nature composed of fluid boundaries. Navigating through an enormous diversity of perspectives requires agility, flexibility, independence, spirit of adventure and embracing uncertainty. 7.Professionals should be trained as ‘T-shape’: grounded in their field while able to dialogue with other fields. 8.Both generalists and specialists are needed. Education should provide opportunities for both.
    Keywords: City ; Future ; Multidisciplinarity ; Design ; Education ; Engineering ; Graduation Lab ; Built Environment ; Architecture ; Urban Design ; Management ; Geomatics ; Transport ; Infrastructure ; Logistics ; Collaboration ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book provides collaborative research teams with a systematic approach for addressing complex real-world problems like widespread poverty, global climate change, organised crime, and escalating health care costs. The three core domains are 1. Synthesising disciplinary and stakeholder knowledge, 2. Understanding and managing diverse unknowns, and 3.Providing integrated research support for policy and practice change. Each of these three domains is organised around five questions 1. For what and for whom? 2. Which knowledge, unknowns and aspects of policy or practice? 3. How? 4. Context? 5. Outcome? This simple framework lays the foundations for developing compilations of concepts, methods and case studies about applying systems thinking, scoping and boundary setting, framing, dealing with values, harnessing and managing differences, undertaking dialogue, building models, applying common metrics, accepting unknowns, advocacy, end-user engagement, understanding authorisation, dealing with organisational facilitators and barriers, and much more. The book makes a case for a new research style—integrative applied research—and a new discipline of Integration and Implementation Sciences or I2S. It advocates for progressing these through an I2S Development Drive. It builds on theory and practice-based research in multi-, inter- and transdisciplinarity, post-normal science, systemic intervention, integrated assessment, sustainability science, team science, mode 2, action research and other approaches. The book concludes with 24 commentaries by Simon Bronitt; L. David Brown; Marcel Bursztyn and Maria Beatriz Maury; Lawrence Cram; Ian Elsum; Holly J. Falk-Krzesinski; Fasihuddin; Howard Gadlin and L. Michelle Bennett; Budi Haryanto; Julie Thompson Klein; Ted Lefroy; Catherine Lyall; M. Duane Nellis; Linda Neuhauser; Deborah O’Connell with Damien Farine, Michael O’Connor and Michael Dunlop; Michael O’Rourke; Christian Pohl; Merritt Polk; Alison Ritter; Alice Roughley; Michael Smithson; Daniel Walker; Michael Wesley; and Glenn Withers. These begin a process of appraisal, discussion and debate across diverse networks.
    Keywords: General Science ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPS Research methods: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Peter Lang AG
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This volume contains two papers which use the ozone problem as the empirical starting of their analysis. Gladwin/Ugelow/Walter survey empirically the sectors of the economy which produce fluorcarbons. The regional origin of fluorcarbons in the world and possible international ozone management strategies (e.g. interactions between the USA and Europe) are discussed. Pethig attacks the issue of ozone management from a theoretical aspect and uses game theory in order to discuss potential solutions.
    Keywords: Management & Organizational Behavior ; Political Science ; General Science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMB Management: leadership and motivation ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Techne;/Technology offers a penetrating, close look at the origins of the term techne;, which unleashed a revolution in cinema and media studies when it was first introduced and which continues to influence the study of film as the digital revolution rolls along. The contributors investigate the effects of technologies on major film debates and, moreover, how technologies have affected film theory and its key concepts.
    Keywords: Film Studies ; Communication Studies ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Our societies have now gone almost fully digital, which is bound to impact the ways in which the self apprehends itself, constructs itself and takes part in society. This collective essay draws upon philosophy, logics, literature and media studies to explore a variety of responses to what is currently at stake in the recomposition of the subject through our daily digital experience. Attempting to chart the digital traces human beings leave behind them, in writing or in archives, it situates them in the larger political, economic and financial frame of our times.
    Keywords: digital ; science ; memory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Boydell & Brewer | James Currey an imprint of Boydell & Brewer
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: No country has managed to develop beyond a subsistence economy without ensuring at least minimum access to electricity for the majority of its population. Yet many sub-Saharan African countries struggle to meet demand. Why is this, and what can be done to reduce energy poverty and further Africa's development? Examining the politics and processes surrounding electricity infrastructure, provision and reform, the author provides an overview of historical andcontemporary debates about access in the sub-continent, and explores the shifting role and influence of national governments and of multilateral agencies in energy reform decisions. He describes a challenging political environment for electricity supply, with African governments becoming increasingly frustrated with the rules and the processes of multilateral donors. Civil society also began to question reform choices, and governments in turn looked to new development partners, such as China, to chart a fresh path of energy transformation. Drawing on over fifteen years of research on Uganda, which has one of the lowest levels of access to electricity in Africa and has struggled to construct several, large hydroelectric dams on the Nile, Gore argues that there is a critical need to recognize how the changing political and social context in African countries, and globally, has affected the capacity to fulfil national energy goals, minimize energy poverty and transform economies.
    Keywords: Political Science ; African Studies ; Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THR Electrical engineering::THRB Power generation & distribution ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage
    Language: English
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    Masaryk University Press | Masaryk University
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Title in English: Mendel Lectures 2002–2022 This jubilee publication provides a representative overview of twenty years of the world-renowned lecture series and introduces all the speakers – more than 130 scientists, including 15 Nobel Prize laureates. The book details the history of the Mendel Lectures and the significant activity of scientists associated with the so-called “Brno Initiative”: Kim A. Nasmyth, Anna Nasmyth, Max Perutz, Paul Nurse, Tim Hunt, James Watson, Eric Wieschaus, Peter Swetly, Jiřina Relichová, Jan Motlík, Emil Paleček, Eva Jiřičná, and Gustav Ammerer – the founders of the series, thanks to whom the lectures regularly take place on the premises, moreover, where the founder of genetics worked 200 years ago.
    Keywords: educational project ; geneticists ; genetic research ; Masaryk University ; Brno ; Augustinian Abbey ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Centro de Estudios Avanzados de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: El propósito de este libro es acercar a los lectores una serie de reflexiones sobre la escritura científica-académica y algunas recomendaciones que puedan ayudar a construir textos de este tipo, que cumplan adecuadamente con los objetivos y las finalidades que se les asignan; y, al mismo tiempo, con los requerimientos de legibilidad que se espera de cualquier texto en función eminentemente comunicativa.
    Keywords: General Science ; Language & Literature ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CB Language: reference and general::CBV Creative writing and creative writing guides
    Language: Spanish
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    CLACSO
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Description not available.
    Keywords: Technology ; Engineering ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBW Internet: general works ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes::JPHV Political structures: democracy
    Language: Spanish
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In dieser Studie werden zwei längerfristig konzipierte Lehrkräftefortbildungsformate (individualisiert-konstruktiv vs. kokonstruktiv) zum geöffneten Experimentieren hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf das Unterrichtshandeln untersucht. Es wird damit ein Beitrag zur Aufklärung der Wirksamkeit kokonstruktiver Elemente in Fortbildungen geleistet. Induktiv und deduktiv wurden Kategorien des Unterrichtshandelns zum effektiven Experimentieren zusammengestellt, die bisher in keinem bestehenden Rating- oder Kodiermanual zusammengeführt wurden. Das Manual kam in einer quasi-experimentellen Videostudie zum Einsatz. Die Lehrkräfte (N ,= ,15) wurden bzgl. ihres Unterrichtshandelns beim Experimentieren vor sowie nach der Fortbildung videografiert. Die Studie zeigt mit Blick auf das Unterrichtshandeln beim Experimentieren zwei wesentliche Änderungen: einige Lehrkräfte setzen nach der Fortbildung weniger kochrezeptartige Experimentieranleitungen ein und Experimentierphasen – begleitet von Unterstützungsangeboten – werden geöffnet. Außerdem regen einzelne Lehrkräfte nach der Fortbildung Lernende stärker zu wissenschaftsorientiertem Arbeiten an (`Minds on' statt `Hands on'). Der Transfer von Fortbildungsinhalten in das Unterrichtshandeln kann nur bei einigen Lehrkräften, differenziell, beobachtet werden. Das Unterrichtshandeln scheint auch gegenüber längerfristigen Interventionen robust: In der Mehrzahl der Aspekte des Unterrichtshandelns zeigen sich keine signifikanten Änderungen.
    Keywords: Fortbildung ; Lehrkräftefortbildung ; Experimentieren ; Videografie ; Unterrichtshandeln ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational & industrial psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills & techniques ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::Y Children's, Teenage & educational::YQ Educational material::YQS Educational: Sciences, general science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational and industrial psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills and techniques ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::Y Children’s, Teenage and Educational::YP Educational material::YPM Educational: Mathematics, science and technology, general::YPMP Educational: Sciences, general science
    Language: German
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Since the 1990s, global academic publishing has been transformed by digitisation, consolidation and the rise of the internet. The data produced by commercially owned citation indexes increasingly defines legitimate academic knowledge. Publication in prestigious ‘high impact’ journals can be traded for academic promotion, tenure and job-security. African researchers and publishers labour in the shadows of a global knowledge system dominated by ‘Northern’ journals and by global publishing conglomerates. This book goes beyond the numbers. It tells the story of how the Ghanaian academy is being transformed by this bibliometric economy. It offers a rich account of the voices and perspectives of Ghanaian academics and African journal publishers. How, where and when are Ghana’s researchers disseminating their work, and what do these experiences reveal about an unequal global science system? Is there pressure to publish in ‘reputable’ international journals, what role do supervisors, collaborators and mentors play, and how do academics manage in conditions of scarcity? Putting the insights of more than 40 Ghanaian academics into dialogue with journal editors and publishers from across the continent, the book highlights creative responses, along with the emergence of new regional research ecosystems. This is an important Africa-centred analysis of Anglophone academic publishing on the continent and its relationship to global science.
    Keywords: Ghana ; publishing ; science ; global sciece ; academic publishing ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTP Publishing industry and journalism::KNTP1 Publishing and book trade ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Every president needs a decisionmaking system that harnesses the full capabilities and accumulated wisdom of the U.S. government and the nation’s many stakeholders. This Perspective analyzes a range of management challenges in the national security system and presents recommendations for strengthening U.S. decisionmaking and oversight of policy implementation.
    Keywords: Political Science ; General Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSH Espionage and secret services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book introduces the idea of anthroponomy – the organization of humankind to support autonomous life – as a response to the problems of today’s purported ""Anthropocene"" age. It argues for a specific form of accountability for the redressing of planetary-scaled environmental problems. The concept of anthroponomy helps confront geopolitical history shaped by the social processes of capitalism, colonialism, and industrialism, which have resulted in our planetary situation. Involving Anthroponomy in the Anthropocene: On Decoloniality explores how mobilizing our engagement with the politics of our planetary situation can come from moral relations. This book focuses on the anti-imperial work of addressing unfinished decolonization, and hence involves the ""decolonial"" work of cracking open the common sense of the world that supports ongoing colonization. ""Coloniality"" is the name for this common sense, and the discourse of the ""Anthropocene"" supports it. A consistent anti-imperial and anti-capitalist politics, one committed to equality and autonomy, will problematize the Anthropocene through decoloniality. Sometimes the way forward is the way backward. Written in a novel style that demonstrates – not simply theorizes – moral relatedness, this book makes a valuable contribution to the fields of Anthropocene studies, environmental studies, decolonial studies, and social philosophy. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC-BY-NC-SA)
    Keywords: anthroponomy;climate change;collective responsibility;decolonization;environmental agency;environmental ethics;environmental geography;environmental philosophy;environmental politics;environment and economy;mass extinction;the anthropocene ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WM Gardening ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Este libro indaga desde múltiples preguntas y perspectivas las transformaciones provocadas por el incremento descomunal del flujo de información generada por el uso masivo e intensivo de las tecnologías digitales. El estudio de las apropiaciones por parte de la sociedad configura un mosaico desigual y combinado de usos y empleos de las tecnologías digitales. ¿Cómo han impactado en los grupos sociales, económicos y generacionales los usos de las tecnologías? ¿Que desafíos entrañan y que problemas nuevos generan las herramientas cotidianas a través de las cuales conocemos y nos comunicamos con nuestro entorno y el mundo?
    Keywords: Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering
    Language: Spanish
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Este libro reúne un conjunto de debates y reflexiones actuales en torno a las políticas y la diversidad de formas en las que se produce, circula, gestiona y evalúa el conocimiento en las universidades de América Latina y el Caribe. Sus veintinueve contribuciones escritas por investigadoras/es de Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, México, Perú y Uruguay dan cuenta de los desafíos y las reconfiguraciones que atraviesan las funciones de investigación, vinculación y/o extensión en diálogo con la docencia, y las actividades de gestión del conocimiento y evaluación de la investigación. El libro ofrece un aporte colectivo que busca fortalecer la apertura en la producción y circulación del conocimiento entendido como bien público y común, gestionado por las comunidades académicas de manera no comercial, contextualizado en las universidades latinoamericanas y robustecido por una diversidad de enfoques.
    Keywords: Public Policy & Administration ; General Science ; Political Science ; Latin American Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: Spanish
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    University of Arkansas Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Thin Safety Margin charts the history of SEFOR, a twenty-megawatt reactor that operated for three years in the rural Ozark Mountains of Arkansas as part of an internationally sponsored program designed to demonstrate the Doppler effect in plutonium-oxide-fueled fast reactors. Authors Jerry Havens and Collis Geren draw upon this history to assess the accidental explosion risk inherent in using fast reactors to reduce the energy industry’s carbon dioxide emissions. If a sufficiently powerful fast-neutron explosion were to cause the containment of a reactor such as SEFOR’s to fail, the reactor’s radiotoxic plutonium fuel could vaporize and escape into the surrounding environment, resulting in a miles-wide swath of destruction. The demonstration that the Doppler effect could prevent limited runaway reactivity in the event of an accident or natural disaster proved a critical development in producing safe nuclear technology. But while SEFOR was hailed as a breakthrough in nuclear safety, Havens and Geren’s examination of the project, including the partial SCRAM that occurred in late 1970, confirms experts’ concerns regarding the limits of the Doppler effect and presents a compelling argument for caution in adopting fast reactors like SEFOR to reduce carbon emissions.
    Keywords: Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    University of Minnesota Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: An investigation of how-to guides for sensor technologies Sensors are increasingly common within citizen-sensing and DIY projects, but these devices often require the use of a how-to guide. From online instructional videos for troubleshooting sensor installations to handbooks for using and abusing the Internet of Things, the how-to genres and formats of digital instruction continue to expand and develop. As the how-to proliferates, and instructions unfold through multiple aspects of technoscientific practices, Jennifer Gabrys asks why the how-to has become one of the prevailing genres of the digital. How to Do Things with Sensors explores the ways in which things are made do-able with and through sensors and further considers how worlds are made sense-able and actionable through the instructional mode of citizen-sensing projects. Forerunners: Ideas First Short books of thought-in-process scholarship, where intense analysis, questioning, and speculation take the lead
    Keywords: Science & Technology Studies ; General Science ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering
    Language: English
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This volume examines the veritable explosion of serialized formats in all of forms representation, from painting to printing throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, and the way in which these formats encouraged experiments with the series form and raised questions of truthfulness.
    Keywords: Serialization ; form ; realism ; epistemics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTZ General studies and General knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Purdue University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: In this book, nine thought-leaders engage with some of the hottest moral issues in science and ethics. Based on talks originally given at the annual "Purdue Lectures in Ethics, Policy, and Science," the chapters explore interconnections between the three areas in an engaging and accessible way. Addressing a mixed public audience, the authors go beyond dry theory to explore some of the difficult moral questions that face scientists and policy-makers every day. The introduction presents a theoretical framework for the book, defining the term "bioethics" as extending well beyond human well-being to wider relations between humans, nonhuman animals, the environment, and biotechnologies. Three sections then explore the complex relationship between moral value, scientific knowledge, and policy making. The first section starts with thoughts on nonhuman animal pain and moves to a discussion of animal understanding. The second section explores climate change and the impact of "green" nanotechnology on environmental concerns. The final section begins with dialog about ethical issues in nanotechnology, moves to an exploration of bio-banks (a technology with broad potential medical and environmental impact), and ends with a survey of the impact of biotechnologies on (synthetic) life itself. Contents: Part 1: Animals: Moral agency, moral considerability, and consciousness (Daniel Kelly) and From minds to minding (Mark Bernstein); Animal Pain: What is it and why does it matter? (Bernard Rollin). Part 2: Environment: The future of environmental ethics (Holmes Rolston III); Climate change, human rights, and the trillionth ton of carbon (Henry Shue); Ethics, environment, and nanotechnology (Barbara Karn). Part 3: Biotechnologies: Nanotechnologies: Science and society (James Leary); Ethical issues in constructing and using bio-banks (Eric Meslin); Synthetic life: A new industrial revolution (Gregory Kaebnick).
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This report provides an overview of decision-support tools, including models and nonmodeling approaches, to inform both modelers and policymakers. It offers ways to use these tools to help address real-world policy questions related to infectious disease prevention, detection, control, and response and recommends best practices for technical experts and policymakers to collaborate in developing and using the tools.
    Keywords: Technology ; Health Sciences ; General Science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNA Database design and theory ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Lever Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: As smartphones mediate more of our activities, they are changing our relationship with meaning. To a teenager, for example a “conversation” is just as likely to refer to an exchange of text messages as it is a face-to-face discussion. Meanwhile, Facebook has redefined what friendship means, Snapchat what a memory means, etc. The kinds of changes smartphones bring are happening at rapid pace: TikTok reached a billion users in just over three years, whereas it took the telephone 75 years to reach a tenth of that number of people. Meaningful Technologies: How Digital Metaphors Change the Way We Think and Live by Eric Chown and Fernando Nascimento offers systematic reconsideration of the ways in which digital technologies impact our lives both individually and collectively. Metaphors aren’t just a clever way to describe technology, they are also changing the way we think. When we click on a picture of a shopping cart it connects a complex set of technologies to represent a simple idea that we’re all familiar with. A heart icon under a photo is understood as an easy way to express appreciation. We aren’t required to understand how technology works, just how we interact with it. The ambiguity of metaphors, and the complexity of technology can also hide important realities about what is being described. “The cloud,” for example, actually consists of very real data centers, which consume huge amounts of natural resources to keep running. Meanwhile, pressing that heart icon on a photo is a signal to the artificial intelligences running in your app that you want to see more things like that photo and that it should adjust what it knows about you accordingly. There is a constant feedback loop between us and the digital technologies we use. We are constantly using them and they are changing us through their usage. Meaningful Technologies focuses on this loop from the perspectives of hermeneutic philosophy and cognitive science. Through the former, the authors examine meaning and how it changes over time. Through the latter, they gain understanding of how this feedback loop impacts individuals, especially in terms of learning and attention. Chown and Nascimento argue that, on the one hand, apps have a kind of agency never before possible in a technology, but also that, armed with a critical framework for examining such apps, we can regain some of our own agency. This book will appeal to scholars of digital media digital and computational studies, and those interested in issues related to ethical impacts of digital technologies.
    Keywords: Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Um experimentelle Kompetenzen gezielt zu fördern, bedarf es einer differenzierten Diagnose, z. ,B. durch Tests mit Realexperimenten. Von Schüler:innen angefertigte Protokolle bieten dabei eine zeitökonomische Möglichkeit, die Kompetenzen zu erfassen. Es stellt sich aber die Frage, ob sie eine genaue Diagnose zulassen und inwiefern zusätzliche Methoden, wie Videos oder Interviews, die Genauigkeit der Diagnose erhöhen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Ergebnisse der Diagnose bei Tests mit Realexperimenten anhand verschiedener Methoden verglichen. Zudem wurde das Testverfahren kognitiv validiert. Hierfür bearbeiteten 27 Jugendliche jeweils vier Experimentieraufgaben zum naturwissenschaftlichen Messen (N ,= ,108). Währenddessen füllten sie Protokolle aus und wurden videografiert sowie anschließend interviewt. Um Hinweise auf kognitive Validität zu untersuchen, wurden die Aussagen der Schüler:innen in den Interviews ausgewertet und von Expert:innen hinsichtlich der Passung mit den durch die Aufgaben intendierten Konzepten zum naturwissenschaftlichen Messen eingeschätzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für eine genaue Diagnose experimenteller Kompetenzen bei Tests mit Realexperimenten Protokolle und Interviews nötig sind. Zudem ließen sich Hinweise für kognitive Validität finden. Somit konnte eine kognitiv valide Möglichkeit zur Diagnose experimenteller Kompetenzen im Bereich des Messens aufgezeigt werden, die nahelegt, Schüler:innen auch zu ihrem Handeln beim Experimentieren zu befragen.
    Keywords: experimentelle Kompetenzen ; Tests mit Realexperimenten ; Erhebungsmethoden ; kognitive Validierung ; Sekundarstufe I ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DF Central Europe::1DFH Switzerland ; thema EDItEUR::4 Educational purpose qualifiers::4Z For specific national or regional educational curricula ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLB Primary and middle schools ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::Y Children’s, Teenage and Educational::YP Educational material::YPM Educational: Mathematics, science and technology, general::YPMP Educational: Sciences, general science
    Language: German
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Artificial intelligence is a term that refers to the ability to provide machines with human intelligence. In medicine it is becoming widely used. It finds application especially in the diagnostic and tumor fields. It is not yet able to replace the human brain, but several studies show how its support can be useful in making diagnoses and providing prognoses. This reprint addresses various satellite topics of this discipline, giving practical examples in various clinical fields. In addition, it highlights the strengths of this tool and proposes methods to improve its weaknesses by addressing issues such as increasing data sets and selecting the right features. It also addresses other innovative aspects that together with artificial intelligence can lead to improvements in surgery.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Automatic ; Diagnostics ; Engineering ; Imaging ; Machine Learning ; Deep Learning ; Features ; Biomedics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: RAND researchers conducted a lessons learned examination of operations analysis, modeling, and simulation in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Researchers identified ways in which analysts have attempted to support commanders’ decisionmaking and describe a selection of the models and tools they employed.
    Keywords: Technology ; History ; General Science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNA Database design and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence::JWK Military and defence strategy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
    Language: English
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    Pennsylvania State University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Oil, like other fossil fuels, permeates every aspect of human existence. Yet it has been largely ignored by cultural critics, especially in the context of the Global South. Seeking to make visible not only the pervasiveness of oil in society and culture but also its power, Oil Fictions stages a critical intervention that aligns with the broader goals of the energy humanities.Exploring literature and film about petroleum as a genre of world literature, Oil Fictions focuses on the ubiquity of oil as well as the cultural response to petroleum in postcolonial states. The chapters engage with African, South American, South Asian, Iranian, and transnational petrofictions and cover topics such as the relationship of colonialism to the fossil fuel economy, issues of gender in the Thermocene epoch, and discussions of migration, precarious labor, and the petro-diaspora. This unique exploration includes testimonies of the oil encounter—through memoirs, journals, and interviews—from a diverse geopolitical grid, ranging from the Permian Basin to the Persian Gulf.By engaging with non-Western literary responses to petroleum in a concentrated, sustained way, this pathbreaking book illuminates the transnational dimensions of the discourse on oil. It will appeal to scholars and students working in literature and science studies, energy humanities, ecocriticism, petrocriticism, environmental humanities, and Anthropocene studies.In addition to the editors, the contributors to this volume include Henry Obi Ajumeze, Rebecca Babcock, Ashley Dawson, Sharae Deckard, Scott DeVries, Kristen Figgins, Amitav Ghosh, Corbin Hiday, Helen Kapstein, Micheal Angelo Rumore, Simon Ryle, Sheena Stief, Imre Szeman, Maya Vinai, and Wendy W. Walters.
    Keywords: Language & Literature ; Sustainability ; Engineering ; Environmental Science ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The role of fossil planktonic foraminifera as markers for biostratigraphical zonation and correlation underpins most drilling of marine sedimentary sequences and is key to hydrocarbon exploration. The first - and only - book to synthesize the whole biostratigraphic and geological usefulness of planktonic foraminifera, Biostratigraphic and Geological Significance of Planktonic Foraminifera unifies existing biostratigraphic schemes and provides an improved correlation reflecting regional biogeographies. Renowned micropaleontologist Marcelle K. Boudagher-Fadel presents a comprehensive analysis of existing data on fossil planktonic foraminifera genera and their phylogenetic evolution in time and space. This important text, now in its Second Edition, is in considerable demand and is now being republished by UCL Press.
    Keywords: Geology ; Paleontology ; Geography ; Agriculture ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNR Rocks, minerals and fossils: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBX Palaeontology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGH Stratigraphy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology
    Language: English
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Ton de Leeuw (1926-96) is probably one of the most influential composers at the crossroads between Eastern philosophy and Western technique. A one-time pupil of Olivier Messiaen's in Paris, throughout the latter years of his musical career he concentrated on the marriage of Western emphasis on action and tension, and the ethical function of music in Eastern traditions. The musical world of the twentieth century is a divided one. Numerous histories of it have been written, but few of the exceptional quality of de Leeuw's, who brought into his writing a lifetime of experience as a composer and scholar of music. His work is a lucid and impassioned discussion of the elements, structures, compositional principles and terminologies in modern music that can be regarded as most innovatory. This book is an excellent guide for anyone wishing to gain knowledge of the compositional technique and mentality, particularly university and conservatory students. This title is available in the OAPEN Library - http://www.oapen.org.
    Keywords: Music ; History ; General Science ; Art & Art History ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    University of Minnesota Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Sensors are everywhere. Small, flexible, economical, and computationally powerful, they operate ubiquitously in environments. They compile massive amounts of data, including information about air, water, and climate. Never before has such a volume of environmental data been so broadly collected or so widely available. Grappling with the consequences of wiring our world, Program Earth examines how sensor technologies are programming our environments. As Jennifer Gabrys points out, sensors do not merely record information about an environment. Rather, they generate new environments and environmental relations. At the same time, they give a voice to the entities they monitor: to animals, plants, people, and inanimate objects. This book looks at the ways in which sensors converge with environments to map ecological processes, to track the migration of animals, to check pollutants, to facilitate citizen participation, and to program infrastructure. Through discussing particular instances where sensors are deployed for environmental study and citizen engagement across three areas of environmental sensing, from wild sensing to pollution sensing and urban sensing, Program Earth asks how sensor technologies specifically contribute to new environmental conditions. What are the implications for wiring up environments? How do sensor applications not only program environments, but also program the sorts of citizens and collectives we might become? Program Earth suggests that the sensor-based monitoring of Earth offers the prospect of making new environments not simply as an extension of the human but rather as new "technogeographies" that connect technology, nature, and people.
    Keywords: General Science ; Science & Technology Studies ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Diagnostizieren ist ein elementarer Bestandteil des Lehrerhandelns im Unterricht. Es umfasst das Analysieren von Aussagen, Produkten und des Verhaltens von Schüler*innen sowie das Analysieren von Aufgabenanforderungen mit dem Ziel der Förderung. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass Lehrkräfte differenzierter diagnostizieren können, wenn sie im Diagnoseprozess kognitive Ressourcen nutzen, z. B. Wissen über Theorien und empirische Befundlagen (Theorie- und Empiriebezüge). Ziel der Studie war es, Diagnoseprozesse von Studierenden und die darin hergestellten Theorie- und Empiriebezüge zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden Studierende beim Bearbeiten von Diagnoseaufgaben in einem Seminar videografiert. Es wurden kategoriengestütze Verfahren genutzt, um Komponenten des Diagnoseprozesses (Beobachtung, Deutung, Ursache, Konsequenz) sowie die Theorie- und /Empiriebezüge zu erfassen. In einer ergänzenden qualitativen Analyse wurde die Nutzung von Learning Progressions in der Mechanik als Bezugsrahmen untersucht. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass den Studierenden Deutungen sowie Theorie- und Empiriebezüge auf Learning Progressions zu Mechanik in einem Setting gelingen, das diese Prozesse fördert. Es zeigt sich auch, dass Überlegungen zu Ursachen und Konsequenzen ebenso wie Theorie-/Empiriebezüge ohne Learning Progressions eher schwach ausgeprägt sind. Hier gilt zukünftig zu klären, welche Förderpotentiale sich ergeben, aber auch, wo diese in der ersten Phase der Lehrkräftebildung an Grenzen stoßen. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass den Studierenden Deutungen sowie Theorie- und Empiriebezüge auf Learning Progressions zu Mechanik in einem Setting gelingen, das diese Prozesse fördert. Es zeigt sich auch, dass Überlegungen zu Ursachen und Konsequenzen ebenso wie Theorie-/Empiriebezüge ohne Learning Progressions eher schwach ausgeprägt sind. Hier gilt zu klären, welche Förderpotentiale sich ergeben, aber auch, wo diese in der ersten Phase der Lehrerbildung an Grenzen stoßen.
    Keywords: Diagnostik ; Lehramt ; Mechanik ; Physik ; Learning Progression ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills & techniques ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general::GPS Research methods: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills and techniques ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPS Research methods: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics
    Language: German
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    CLACSO
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Gustavo Lins Riberio conjuga y tensiona la teoría con el trabajo de campo para desentrañar los significados que atribuyen los trabajadores a la construcción de Brasilia. Ello le permitirá reconstruir una memoria donde caben las penurias, los enojos, las broncas, las injusticias laborales, las solidaridades, las amistades, la familia, las lealtades, los sabores de las comidas, la música, la organización, el sindicato y los conflictos, en un todo desordenado pero legible a luz de la teoría. En definitiva, la experiencia de clase se puede leer en El capital de la esperanza de modo transversal, así como también las contradicciones del capitalismo, las políticas urbanistas, las condiciones de trabajo y demás campos problemáticos que han abordado las ciencias sociales. Las y los invitamos a leer —por primera vez o una vez más— esta obra magistral que nos permite comprender y complejizar la dinámica de la expansión capitalista.
    Keywords: Labor & Employment Relations ; Engineering ; History ; Latin American Studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCF Labour / income economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: Spanish
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In 1783, an eruption occurred in Iceland. Soon after, a dry fog descended upon mainland Europe. These two events long went unconnected. "A Mist Connection" documents the Laki eruption and its consequences for Iceland and the wider world. The book combines methods of historical disaster research, climate history, global history, history of science, and geology in an interdisciplinary approach.
    Keywords: Volcano Geology ; Weather ; Iceland ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTZ General studies and General knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    TU Delft OPEN Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Current systems design and decision management methodologies can be single-sided, ignoring or failing to capture the dynamic interplay between multi-stakeholder preferences (‘what they want’) and system performances (‘what they can’). In addition, these methodologies often contain fundamental modelling errors and do not provide single best-fit solutions. This leaves designers or decision-makers without unique answers to their problems. Above all, mainstream higher education primarily applies instructivist and research-based learning methods, and therefore does not adequately prepare students for designing solutions to future complex problems. This book introduces both a state-of-the-art participatory design methodology (Odesys), and a design-based learning concept (ODL), which together overcome the aforementioned issues. Odesys is a pure act of open design integration to confront conflicting socio-technical interests and is the key to unlocking these complexities to deliver socially responsible systems. Odesys’ design engine, the Preferendus, enables stakeholders to cooperatively identify their best-fit design synthesis. It employs a novel optimisation method that maximises the aggregated preferences, integrating sound mathematical and extended U-modelling via open technical-, social-, and purpose cycles. The art of ODL is a constructivist design-based and well-proven learning concept fostering students’ design capabilities to become open and persistent problem solvers. It is a reflective, creative, and engaged learning approach that opens human development and unlocks new knowledge and solutions. The author also introduces new management features such as the corporate social identifier (CSI), the ‘socio-eco’ threefold organization model and U-model based open loop management. Finally, the author places Odesys & ODL within the integrative context of empiricism, rationalism, spiritualism, and constructivism to unite the open design impulse. This book will be of interest to both academics and practitioners working in the field of complex systems design and managerial decision-making, and functions as a textbook on systems design and management for master students from diverse backgrounds.
    Keywords: Management ; Technology ; Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL)
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: La scène pense. Mais encore ? Elle engage des rapports aux savoirs qui lui sont propres et qui ne sauraient exister autrement. Qu’il s’agisse de conférences performées, de spectacles documentaires ou de recherche-création, le théâtre et la performance affichent aujourd’hui une prédilection pour la recherche. Mais qu’est-ce que déployer un processus de recherche sur un plateau, dans un studio ou une salle de classe lorsque l’on est artiste, chercheur·e ou… un peu des deux ? Quels sont les enjeux des pratiques actuelles de recherche et de création qui performent des savoirs ? Quels sont les gestes critiques, les dispositifs sensibles, les corps et les voix qui permettent de générer ces expériences de pensée singulières ? Cet ouvrage propose de mettre en partage quelques-uns des outils heuristiques et expérientiels mobilisés par celles et ceux qui inventent des hybridations inédites entre recherche, création et pédagogie. Il réunit des témoignages d’artistes et de chercheures qui interrogent, voire mettent en crise, le cheminement de leur pensée ainsi que la forme et le contenu de leurs savoirs, que ce soit dans les façons de faire recherche ou dans les modalités de transmission imaginées. À travers une grande diversité d’écritures, de l’essai théorique à la provocation polémique, de la partition au protocole de performance, en passant par le récit d’expérience ou la trace d’un atelier, c’est la force épistémique et épistémologique de l’acte théâtral et performatif que ce livre postule et examine.
    Keywords: art ; chercheur ; pédagogie ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: French
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: RAND researchers supported a high-level Israeli government team tasked with improving long-term socioeconomic strategy for the state. This report highlights selected inputs made to the government team to summarize the essential mechanics and roles for bringing a strategic perspective to policy consideration. To show how one can use a strategic perspective in an analysis of policy choices, the report uses the example of an aging population.
    Keywords: History ; General Science ; Health Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKN Geriatric medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Internet-based surveys, although still in their infancy, are becomingincreasingly popular because they are believed to be faster, better,cheaper, and easier to conduct than surveys using more-traditional telephoneor mail methods. Based on evidence in the literature and real-life casestudies, this book examines the validity of those claims. The authorsdiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of using e-mail and the Web toconduct research surveys, and also offer practical suggestions for designing and implementing Internet surveys most effectively.Among other findings, the authors determined that Internet surveys may bepreferable to mail or telephone surveys when a list of e-mail addresses forthe target population is available, thus eliminating the need for mail orphone invitations to potential respondents. Internet surveys also arewell-suited for larger survey efforts and for some target populations thatare difficult to reach by traditional survey methods. Web surveys areconducted more quickly than mail or phone surveys when respondents arecontacted initially by e-mail, as is often the case when a representativepanel of respondents has been assembled in advance. And, although surveysincur virtually no coding or data-entry costs because the data are capturedelectronically, the labor costs for design and programming can be high.
    Keywords: General Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Both sides of a sensitive problem are assessed by Professor Gellhorn in this penetrating analysis of national security and its effect upon scientific progress. The costs and advantages of secrecy in certain areas of science and the conflict between national safety and individual rights in the administration of our federal loyalty program are presented; all the arguments are objectively weighed. The book answers such questions as: Can young scientists be well trained when publication and teaching are not free? Have we gone far enough-or too far-in avoiding "security risks" in important scientific establishments? How does the federal drive against "potentially disloyal" persons actually work? Do "fear of the smear" and crude methods discourage public service by American scientists? This study, a unit of an investigation of control of subversive activities supported by grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, is based upon two years of research and numerous field interviews of scientists, administrators, defense officials, and educators. Security, Loyalty, and Science is a volume in the series Cornell Studies in Civil Liberty, of which Robert E. Cushman is advisory editor.
    Keywords: Warfare and defence ; Philosophy of science ; Military engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    University of Minnesota Press | University of Minnesota Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: An innovative, multifaceted approach to scientific experiments as designed by and shaped through interaction with the modeling process The role of scientific modeling in mediation between theories and phenomena is a critical topic within the philosophy of science, touching on issues from climate modeling to synthetic models in biology, high energy particle physics, and cognitive sciences. Offering a radically new conception of the role of data in the scientific modeling process as well as a new awareness of the problematic aspects of data, this cutting-edge volume offers a multifaceted view on experiments as designed and shaped in interaction with the modeling process. Contributors address such issues as the construction of models in conjunction with scientific experimentation; the status of measurement and the function of experiment in the identification of relevant parameters; how the phenomena under study are reconceived when accounted for by a model; and the interplay between experimenting, modeling, and simulation when results do not mesh. Highlighting the mediating role of models and the model-dependence (as well as theory-dependence) of data measurement, this volume proposes a normative and conceptual innovation in scientific modeling-that the phenomena to be investigated and modeled must not be precisely identified at the start but specified during the course of the interactions arising between experimental and modeling activities. Contributors: Nancy D. Cartwright, U of California, San Diego; Anthony Chemero, U of Cincinnati; Ronald N. Giere, U of Minnesota; Jenann Ismael, U of Arizona; Tarja Knuuttila, U of South Carolina; Andrea Loettgers, U of Bern, Switzerland; Deborah Mayo, Virginia Tech; Joseph Rouse, Wesleyan U; Paul Teller, U of California, Davis; Michael Weisberg, U of Pennsylvania; Eric Winsberg, U of South Florida.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; General Science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Language: English
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Veterans who rely on Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care are older and less healthy than veterans who do not, and the prevalence of health conditions in this population will increase. Not all eligible veterans use VA health care, and demand depends on such factors as access to other sources of health care. Analysis of a range of data sources provided insight into how the veteran population and demand for VA health care will change.
    Keywords: Health Sciences ; Sociology ; General Science ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development::VF Family and health::VFJ Coping with / advice about personal, social and health topics::VFJG Coping with / advice about ageing ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MQ Nursing and ancillary services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples
    Language: English
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Describes the Coastal Louisiana Risk Assessment (CLARA) model developed by RAND to estimate flood depths and damage that occurs as a result of major storms in Louisiana’s coastal region. CLARA made it possible to evaluate potential projects for inclusion in the Louisiana’s 2012 Coastal Master Plan on the basis of how well they reduce flood damage over the next fifty years. Also describes damage reduction provided by the final Master Plan.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Environmental Science ; History ; Technology ; General Science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNA Database design and theory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNR Natural disasters ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Lever Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: As smartphones mediate more of our activities, they are changing our relationship with meaning. To a teenager, for example a “conversation” is just as likely to refer to an exchange of text messages as it is a face-to-face discussion. Meanwhile, Facebook has redefined what friendship means, Snapchat what a memory means, etc. The kinds of changes smartphones bring are happening at rapid pace: TikTok reached a billion users in just over three years, whereas it took the telephone 75 years to reach a tenth of that number of people. Meaningful Technologies: How Digital Metaphors Change the Way We Think and Live by Eric Chown and Fernando Nascimento offers systematic reconsideration of the ways in which digital technologies impact our lives both individually and collectively. Metaphors aren’t just a clever way to describe technology, they are also changing the way we think. When we click on a picture of a shopping cart it connects a complex set of technologies to represent a simple idea that we’re all familiar with. A heart icon under a photo is understood as an easy way to express appreciation. We aren’t required to understand how technology works, just how we interact with it. The ambiguity of metaphors, and the complexity of technology can also hide important realities about what is being described. “The cloud,” for example, actually consists of very real data centers, which consume huge amounts of natural resources to keep running. Meanwhile, pressing that heart icon on a photo is a signal to the artificial intelligences running in your app that you want to see more things like that photo and that it should adjust what it knows about you accordingly. There is a constant feedback loop between us and the digital technologies we use. We are constantly using them and they are changing us through their usage. Meaningful Technologies focuses on this loop from the perspectives of hermeneutic philosophy and cognitive science. Through the former, the authors examine meaning and how it changes over time. Through the latter, they gain understanding of how this feedback loop impacts individuals, especially in terms of learning and attention. Chown and Nascimento argue that, on the one hand, apps have a kind of agency never before possible in a technology, but also that, armed with a critical framework for examining such apps, we can regain some of our own agency. This book will appeal to scholars of digital media digital and computational studies, and those interested in issues related to ethical impacts of digital technologies.
    Keywords: Metaphors, Technology, Meaning, Cognitive Science, Hermeneutics, Digital Media, Media Studies, Smartphones, Philosophy, Mobile Applications, Apps, Social Media, Innovation, The Cloud, Ethics, Digital, Humanities ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Looming environmental and social breaking points, like climate change and massive inequalities, are becoming increasingly apparent and large in scale. In this book, Gaya Herrington puts today’s key societal challenges in perspective. Her analysis, rooted in her research on a 50-year-old model of the world that forecasted the onset of global collapse right around the present time, brings some structure to what otherwise might feel like the overwhelming task of achieving genuine societal sustainability. Herrington's research, first published in 2020 in Yale‘s Journal of Industrial Ecology, went viral after it revealed empirical data tracked closely with the predictions of this world model, which was introduced in the 1972 best seller The Limits to Growth. Her book Five Insights for Avoiding Global Collapse contains an exclusive research update based on 2022 data and is written in a more personable and accessible style than the journal article. Herrington also elaborates more in this book on the many interlinkages between our economic, environmental, and social predicaments, and on what her findings indicate for future global developments. Herington lays out why “business as usual” is not a viable option for global society and identifies the root cause of this unsustainable path. Most importantly, her book teaches us what systemic changes humanity still has time to make to achieve a better tomorrow. A future in which society has transformed beyond the mere avoidance of collapse and is truly thriving.
    Keywords: sustainability; system dynamics; limits to growth; collapse; world3 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    CLACSO
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: En junio del 2014 la comunidad Kukama de Cuninico, fue afectada por el derrame de 2500 barriles de petróleo. Como muchas otras comunidades nativas en la Amazonia, Cuninico está enfrascada en un contexto postdesastre agudizado por la ineficiencia estatal. Las dinámicas intrafamiliares y comunitarias, así como las expectativas a futuro de los que allí viven, han cambiado profundamente. En este contexto son las mujeres las que deben asumir más responsabilidades para enfrentar la crisis.
    Keywords: Environmental Science ; Sustainability ; Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology
    Language: Spanish
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    Editorial Abya-Yala | Editorial Abya-Yala
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Pandemia es una palabra con origen profundo que en el tiempo se ha cargado con la historia de pueblos y naciones, alcanzando su plena expresión en nuestra sociedad globalizada. No solamente por las estadísticas que atraen la atención de todo el mundo y nos obligan a razonar de manera lógico-numérica, cuantitativa, olvidando que muchas veces los números son personas, y no rinden la justa cuenta de todos aquellos seres humanos que representan estas cifras. Una pandemia logra su máxima expresión al alcanzar el mayor número de personas, esto refleja en su etimología proveniente del griego pan (todo) y demos (pueblo) y desde sus orígenes ha significado principalmente una cosa, la “reunión del pueblo”. Dicha noción invita a reflexionar sobre el porqué de las medidas sanitarias, del aislamiento y confinamiento, y, más aún, nos recuerda la importancia de la unión como decisión ancestral al origen de nuestras sociedades, columna portante de la familia, fortaleza de cualquier sistema en desequilibrio. Reconociendo esto, se evidencia la capacidad de transformar juntos las debilidades en fortalezas, de saber demostrar nuestro mejor impulso a la solidaridad y colaboración cuando sentimos que nos necesitan, que permite terminar con alegría un capítulo con la seguridad de que el próximo será mucho mejor. Este espíritu es responsable de la iniciativa de quienes enfrentamos los desafíos del contexto desde la unión, con la aspiración de formar seres humanos en un espacio compartido de generación de conocimiento y conformación de valores humanos y sociales que llamamos Universidad.
    Keywords: Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: Spanish
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Depot purchased equipment maintenance (DPEM) funds the bulk of the work done at Air Force depots that does not involve the repair of spares or work on modification programs. This report analyzes how to better program for DPEM, emphasizing the importance of defining metrics that relate directly to objectives in operational plans and that are defined broadly enough to embrace a range of funding areas.
    Keywords: History ; Technology ; General Science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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    UJ Press | UJ Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The book provides a rich, informative picture of the current state of student engagement evaluation, while also highlighting challenges and opportunities for future advances. A particular strength of this publication is its emphasis on the importance of taking evidence-based decisions, and showing how the South African Survey of Student Engagement (SASSE) can provide the evidence for well-informed changes in policy and practice in order to enhance student success." - Prof Magda Fourie-Malherbe, Stellenbosch University
    Keywords: Academics ; Academic achievement ; Academic advising ; Academic advisors ; Academic challenge ; Academic development ; Academic literacy ; Academic performance ; Academic support ; Access ; Academic staff (also see academics/Lecturers) ; Actionable ; Active learning ; Agency ; Aggregated ; Analyse ; Apply ; Ask questions ; Assessment ; Attitude ; Australasian Survey of Student Engagement (AUSSE) ; Beginning University Survey of Student Engagement (BUSSE) ; Benchmarking ; Bloom’s taxonomy ; Business ; economics and management ; Campus environment ; Capacity ; Career advisors ; Challenges ; Classroom activities ; Classroom Survey of Student Engagement (CLASSE) ; Co-curricular (also see extra-curricular) ; Cognitive ; Cognitive development ; Cognitive educational activities ; Cognitive functions ; Cognitive skills ; Collaborative learning ; Colleges ; Community college ; Comprehensive universities ; Conditional formatting ; Contextual ; Contextual challenges ; Contextualised ; Council on Higher Education (CHE) ; Course (module/subject) ; Critical thinking ; Culture ; Curriculum ; Data ; Data-informed ; Decision-making ; Decolonisation ; Deep learning ; Department chairs (heads of departments) ; Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) ; Development ; Developmental outcomes ; Diagnostic ; Disaggregating ; Discussions ; Discussion with diverse others ; Dropout ; Education outcomes ; Effective educational behaviours ; Effective educational practices ; Effective leadership ; Effective teaching practices ; Empirical ; Engagement – also see Student Engagement ; Engineering ; Equity ; Equitable outcomes ; Evaluate ; Evidence ; Evidence-based ; Expectations ; Expected academic difficulty ; Expected academic perseverance ; Experiential learning ; Experience with staff ; Extended degree ; Extended curricula ; Extra-curricular (also see co-curricular) ; Financial Stress Scale ; First-generation ; First-year ; Food ; Food insecurity ; Frequency ; Freshman myth ; Gender ; Graduate attributes (Learning outcomes) ; Group work ; Heads of departments ; High-Impact practices ; Higher education outcomes ; Higher-Order Learning ; Holistic ; Humanities ; Incentive ; Indicators ; Innovation ; Innovative ; Instructional paradigm ; Interactions ; Interventions ; Institutional culture ; Institutional performance ; Institutional research ; Institutional researchers ; Institution-wide approaches ; Interpersonal relationships ; Interpersonal skills ; Intersectional ; Intersectionality ; Irish Survey of Student Engagement (ISSE) ; Knowledge ; Knowledge society ; Language ; Law ; Leaders ; Leadership (management/university leadership) ; Learning ; Learning environments ; Learning facilitator ; Learning outcomes ; Learning paradigm ; Learning strategies ; Learning with peers ; Lecturer Survey of Student Engagement (LSSE) ; Lecturers (also see academics/academic staff) ; Librarians ; Management (University leaders and Leadership) ; Mathematics ; Memorisation ; Mentor ; Mentoring ; Mentorship ; Mission ; Module (course/subject) ; Motivation ; National Benchmark Tests (NBT) ; National Benchmark Test Project (NBTP) ; National Development Plan ; National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) ; Natural and Agricultural Sciences ; Next Generation of Academics Programme (nGAP) ; Numeracy development ; Off-campus ; On-campus ; Online resources ; Pathways ; Peer learning (also see Tutor) ; Pedagogical approaches ; Pedagogical contexts ; Pedagogical environments ; Pedagogical experiences ; Pedagogical innovation ; Pedagogical practices ; Pedagogical relationship ; Pedagogical responsiveness ; Pedagogies ; Perceived academic preparation ; Perceived preparedness ; Persistence ; Policies ; Policy ; Policy makers ; Practical significance ; Practical work ; Preparing for class ; Professional development ; Professionals ; Professional staff ; Quadrant ; Quality ; Quality assurance ; Quality of interactions ; Quantitative reasoning ; Reflection ; Reflective and integrative learning ; Relationships ; Research ; Responsiveness ; Resources ; Retention ; Science ; engineering and technology ; Self-reflection ; Senior students ; Service learning ; Social sciences ; Socio-economic ; South African Survey(s) of Student Engagement (SASSE) ; Staff development (also academic development and lecturer development) ; Stakeholder ; Strategies ; Statistical ; Student affairs ; Student behaviour ; Student bodies ; Student data ; Student development ; Student engagement ; Student evaluation ; Student financial aid ; Student involvement ; Student learning ; Student life ; Student needs ; Student outcomes ; Student organisations ; Student perspective ; Student participation ; Student performance ; Student persistence ; Student retention ; Student responses ; Student societies ; Student-staff interaction ; Student success ; Student views ; Student voice ; Success rates ; Subject (course/module) ; Support services ; Support staff ; Supportive campus ; Supportive environment ; Synthesise ; Systemic perspective ; Systemic understanding ; Teaching ; Teaching and learning ; Techniques ; Time ; Time management ; Traditional universities ; Transformation ; Transformative ; Transition ; Tutor ; Tutorials ; Undergraduate research ; Underprepared ; United States ; University Capacity Development Grant (University Capacity Development Programme) ; Universities ; Universities of Technology ; University leaders ; Unrealistic ; Well-being ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education
    Language: English
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    Purdue University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Cats and Conservationists is the first multidisciplinary analysis of the heated debate about free-roaming cats. The debate pits conservationists against cat lovers, who disagree both on the ecological damage caused by the cats and the best way to manage them. An impassioned and spirited conflict, it also sheds light on larger questions about how we interpret science, incorporate diverse perspectives, and balance competing values in order to encourage constructive dialogue on contentious social and environmental issues. On one side of the cat debate stand many environmentalists, especially birders and conservation organizations, who believe that outdoor cats seriously threaten native wildlife. On the other side are many animal welfare advocates, who believe that outdoor cats generally do not pose a major ecological threat and that it is possible for cats and wildlife to coexist. They believe that it is possible, mainly through trap-neuter-return projects (TNR), to keep free-roaming cat populations in check without killing large numbers of cats. Careful analysis suggests that there remain important questions about the science on both cat predation and TNR effectiveness. Yet both sides of the conflict insist that the evidence is clear-cut. This false certainty contributes to conflict between conservationists and cat lovers, and obscures common goals that could generate constructive discussions and collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, conservationists, and animal welfare advocates. Cats and Conservationists aims to facilitate such collaboration in order to manage outdoor cats and minimize the damage they cause. It also offers models for constructive debates about the public role of science in other polarized public conflicts over science and environmental topics.
    Keywords: Environmental Science ; Sustainability ; Zoology ; Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ; Sociology ; General Science ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCB Wildlife: birds and birdwatching: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNW The Earth: natural history: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Language: English
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    University of North Carolina Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: White working-class conservatives have played a decisive role in American history, particularly in their opposition to social justice movements, radical critiques of capitalism, and government help for the poor and sick. While this pattern is largely seen as a post-1960s development, Poor Man's Fortune tells a different story, excavating the long history of white working-class conservatism in the century from the Civil War to World War II. With a close study of metal miners in the Tri-State district of Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, Jarod Roll reveals why successive generations of white, native-born men willingly and repeatedly opposed labor unions and government-led health and safety reforms, even during the New Deal. With painstaking research, Roll shows how the miners' choices reflected a deep-seated, durable belief that hard-working American white men could prosper under capitalism, and exposes the grim costs of this view for these men and their communities, for organized labor, and for political movements seeking a more just and secure society. Roll's story shows how American inequalities are in part the result of a white working-class conservative tradition driven by grassroots assertions of racial, gendered, and national privilege.
    Keywords: History ; American Studies ; Labor & Employment Relations ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNX Industrial relations, occupational health and safety::KNXN Industrial arbitration and negotiation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
    Language: English
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Listeners with hearing impairments have difficulties understanding speech in the presence of background noise. Although prosthetic devices such as hearing aids and cochlear implants may improve the hearing capability, listeners with hearing impairments still complain about their speech perception in the presence of noise. The basic tonal audiometry only gives a cursory idea of the degree of difficulty in spoken communication caused by hearing loss because it does not assess the ability to understand speech. Therefore, the use of speech-in-noise tests to measure hearing loss in complex scenes is an integral part of a patient's audiological study. Most research has concentrated on studying only stationary sound sources, but in natural acoustic scenes, conversations may become very difficult to understand in the presence of moving sound sources such as a moving talker or a passing vehicle. Therefore, this thesis deals with quantifying speech perception in the presence of moving maskers through virtual sound sources presented binaurally via headphones. Significant differences in several conditions were found, revealing that the auditory system assesses differently the moving maskers than the stationary maskers. Therefore, the inclusion of moving conditions in clinical listening tests is recommended, in order to assess speech-in-noise perception in a more realistic environment.
    Keywords: Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    ENS Éditions
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Ce volume rassemble les études que le philosophe Jean-Toussaint Desanti (1914-2002) a consacrées à la philosophie des sciences et à la philosophie des mathématiques en particulier. Certains de ces articles proposent des réflexions décisives sur la raison scientifique, l’histoire des sciences et leur rapport à la culture. D’autres reviennent aussi sur les thématiques abordées dans Les Idéalités mathématiques, en facilitent l’accès et les précisent. On trouvera ainsi un ensemble de réflexions historiques sur la naissance des nombres irrationnels, la théorie des fonctions de variables réelles, la naissance de la modernité mathématique ainsi que des analyses épistémologiques plus générales sur l’invention, l’explication, les notions de genèse et de structure en mathématiques. Le cœur de ces analyses est constitué par les notions d’objet, de subjectivité et d’historicité. Comme l’explique Dominique Pradelle dans sa préface, Jean-Toussaint Desanti cherche une tierce voie entre une philosophie de la conscience et une philosophie du concept. Dans cette perspective, l’originalité des textes présentés est d’éclairer le problème de l’historicité des mathématiques et plus encore du sujet des mathématiques.
    Keywords: philosophie des sciences ; mathématiques ; philosophie des mathématiques ; logicisme ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: French
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Teilchenphysik als Teilgebiet der modernen Physik gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung im schulischen Physikunterricht. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig das von Lehrkräften benötigte Fachwissen zur Teilchenphysik modelliert, wobei Fachwissen als ein Teil des Professionswissens verstanden wird. Als Fachwissensdimensionen werden die Inhaltsbereiche und die Wissensarten in den Fokus genommen, für welche jeweils Subfacetten identifiziert und präzise beschrieben werden. Nach einem überblick über die wesentlichen Ideen der Teilchenphysik wird in der Arbeit die sukzessive Modellierung des Fachwissens im Rahmen einer qualitativ und quantitativ angelegten Delphi-Studie vorgestellt. In drei Befragungsrunden wurden zwischen 35 und 65 internationale Expertinnen und Experten aus der teilchenphysikbezogenen Forschung (Fachwissenschaft und Fachdidaktik) und öffentlichkeitsarbeit (u.a. Wissenschaftsjournalismus) sowie erfahrene Lehrkräfte zu den für das Fachwissen relevanten Themen der Teilchenphysik befragt. Empirische Analysen der Befragungsrunden ergaben, dass sich die Dimension Inhaltsbereiche im deklarativen Wissen aus zehn teilchenphysikalischen Themen (z.B. Teilchen in der Hochenergiephysik, die vier fundamentalen Wechselwirkungen) zusammensetzt, von welchen sechs als besonders relevant eingeschätzt wurden. Im Anschluss an die letzte Befragungsrunde wurde theoriegeleitet eine erste Modellierung der Inhaltsbereiche für die Wissensarten des prozeduralen und konditionalen Wissens vorgenommen.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This book examines the discourse on ‘primitive thinking’ in early 20th century Germany. It explores texts from the social sciences, writings on art and language and – most centrally – literary works by Robert Musil, Walter Benjamin, Gottfried Benn and Robert Müller, focusing on three figures of alterity prominent in European primitivism: indigenous cultures, children, and the mentally ill.
    Keywords: Primitivism ; literature ; modernism ; Walter Benjamin ; Robert Musil ; anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTZ General studies and General knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Bloomsbury Academic | Bloomsbury Academic
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Global health arguably represents the most pressing issues facing humanity. Trends in international migration and transnational commerce render state boundaries increasingly porous. Human activity in one part of the world can lead to health impacts elsewhere. Animals, viruses and bacteria as well as pandemics and environmental disasters do not recognize or respect political borders. It is now widely accepted that a global perspective on the understanding of threats to health and how to respond to them is required, but there are many practical problems in establishing such an approach. This book offers a foundational study of these urgent and challenging problems, combining critical analysis with practically focused policy contributions. The contributors span the fields of ethics, human rights, international relations, law, philosophy and global politics. They address normative questions relating to justice, equity and inequality and practical questions regarding multi-organizational cooperation, global governance and international relations. Moving from the theoretical to the practical, Global Health and International Community is an essential resource for scholars, students, activists and policy makers across the globe.
    Keywords: Human rights, civil rights ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society
    Language: English
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    Collège de France
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: “Ma grande église et ma petite chapelle”: this is how, in 1894, the eminent medievalist Gaston Paris referred to the two institutions at which he taught: the Collège de France and the École pratique des hautes études (EPHE). Founded respectively in 1530 and 1868, these two places of “science in the making” (Ernest Renan) have maintained almost symbiotic ties, as many scholars and professors have moved from one to the other or have worked simultaneously in both. It is on these elective affinities that this book, the product of a symposium organized at the Collège de France on the occasion of the EPHE’s 150th anniversary, sheds light through studies on the history of these two institutions, reviews by discipline (comparative grammar, history of religions, anthropology, Sinology, Assyriology, Egyptology) and portraits of some key personalities (Ernest Renan, Gaston Paris, Abel Lefranc, Sylvain Lévi, Louis Robert). Beyond the anecdotal, prosopography or fortuitous institutional crossovers, these studies afford an opportunity to reflect on the joint role of these two institutions in the history of knowledge.
    Keywords: enseignement supérieur ; recherche ; histoire des savoirs ; histoire ; institutions académiques ; Collège de France ; École pratique des hautes études ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: French
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Das Wachstum des zivilen Luftverkehrs bedeutet eine große Herausforderung für die Luftfahrtbranche. Nur durch effizientere Triebwerke können der spezifische Verbrauch von fossilen Energieträgern und die spezifischen Emissionen reduziert werden und so der Zugang zu Flugreisen für die wachsende Weltbevölkerung sichergestellt werden. Einen maßgeblichen Beitrag zur Steigerung der Effizienz kann die Optimierung der Kühlung von heißen Komponenten des Kerntriebwerks leisten. Gerade im thermisch hoch belasteten Bereich der ersten Turbinenstufen werden große Mengen an Kühlluft verwendet, die sich negativ auf den thermischen Wirkungsgrad auswirken. Neue Kühlverfahren ermöglichen es, den Kühlluftbedarf bei gleichen Standzeiten der Bauteile zu verringern. Vor einem möglichen Einsatz müssen diese neuen Verfahren untersucht und ihre Leistungsfähigkeit bestimmt werden, vor allem die Vorhersage der Materialtemperatur der Schaufeln muss hoch präzise erfolgen. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert neue Verfahren zur Kühlung von Rotorschaufeln. Es wird speziell auf die Drallkühlung eingegangen, die sich in grundlegenden Untersuchungen und in Verbindung mit den sich rapide verbessernden Möglichkeiten der additiven Fertigung als vielversprechendes Verfahren herausgestellt hat. Zur Beurteilung der neuen Konzepte werden Untersuchungen durchgeführt, bei denen die wichtigen strömungsmechanischen Ähnlichkeitskennzahlen der Maschine eingehalten werden. So können die Ergebnisse unmittelbar auf den Einsatz im Triebwerk übertragen werden. Die Untersuchungen bedeuten eine Herausforderung für die als Messtechnik eingesetzte Infrarotthermographie. Neue Kalibrierverfahren werden entwickelt und überprüft. Durch Anwendung dieser Verfahren kann die Oberflächentemperatur der Prüflinge hoch genau bestimmt werden. Anhand der mit den neuen Verfahren bestimmten Verteilung der Oberflächentemperatur und weiteren aerodynamischen Messungen werden abschließend Empfehlungen formuliert, wie ein auf Drallkühlung basierendes Kühlsystem für Turbinenrotorschaufeln leistungsfähiger werden kann und so die geforderte Lebensdauer dieser Bauteile sicherstellen kann.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Science ; Technology & Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: German
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In Zeiten, in denen die Komplexität gesellschaftlicher, politischer, wirtschaftlicher und technologischer Probleme zunehmend steigt, ist der Erwerb einer naturwissenschaftlichen Grundbildung für die persönliche Meinungsbildung von zentraler Bedeutung. Hierzu gehört das Erlernen von naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnismethoden wie dem Experimentieren. Erkenntnisse zu experimentierspezifischen Kompetenzen zeigen, dass Lernende über unterschiedliche Vorstellungen bezüglich des Experimentierens verfügen. Diese zeigen sich in unterschiedlichen Vorgehensweisen, die mehr oder weniger stark von der Vorgehensweise in realer wissenschaftlicher Forschung abweichen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist eine differenzierte Erfassung und Analyse individueller Prozessstrukturen sowie prozessbezogener Niveaustufen von Experimentierprozessen Lehramtsstudierender der Biologie. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die meisten Experimentierprozesse nicht, wie in idealisierten Modellen angenommen, einem linearen Prozessverlauf verlaufen, sondern wiederholte Wechsel zwischen den Experimentierphasen aufweisen. Insbesondere die Durchführung nimmt hier eine zentrale Stellung ein. Die Vernetzung der Experimentierphasen ist unterschiedlich ausgeprägt und steht in einem positiven Zusammenhang mit der Qualität eines Experimentierprozesses. Die prozessbezogenen Niveaustufen weisen Ausprägungen über alle Niveaus hinweg auf. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Hinweise zur Gestaltung von Unterricht und universitärer Lehre sowie Implikationen für die fachdidaktische Forschung abgeleitet.
    Keywords: Science ; Science ; Life Sciences ; Biology ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Ein zentrales Ziel der fachdidaktischen Forschung stellt die Verbesserung schulischen Unterrichts dar. Eine Transferstrategie zur flächendeckenden Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse bildet die Bereitstellung evidenzbasierter, innovativer materialgestützter Unterrichtskonzeptionen. Allerdings fällt das Materialnutzungsverhalten von Lehrkräften individuell sehr unterschiedlich aus, wobei das Zusammenspiel verschiedener Einflussfaktoren auf die Materialnutzung bislang wenig erforscht ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, dieses Wirkgefüge unter authentischen Bedingungen genauer zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde kriteriengeleitet eine evidenzbasierte, fachdidaktisch innovative Unterrichtskonzeption ausgewählt (das Münchener Unterrichtskonzept zur Quantenmechanik) und den teilnehmenden Lehrkräften fakultativ zur Verfügung gestellt. Mittels eines qualitativen Forschungsansatzes wurden elf Lehrkräfte bei der Implementierung des Konzepts durch ein Interview zu Beginn und am Ende einer Unterrichtsreihe zur Quantenmechanik sowie zwei Unterrichtsbeobachtungen mit je einem anschließenden stimulated recall begleitet. Aus den Ergebnissen folgt, dass die Probanden sich überwiegend heuristisch mit der Konzeption auseinandersetzten und lediglich Elemente auf Sichtstrukturebene implementierten. Das nachgewiesene Wirksamkeitspotential von evidenzbasierten, innovativen Unterrichtskonzeptionen scheint sich folglich lediglich unter bestimmten Bedingungsfaktoren zu entfalten.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Bei Schülerlaboren als wichtigem Teil außerschulischer MINT-Bildung besteht ein Forschungsdefizit hinsichtlich kognitiver und motivationaler Prozesse auf Seiten der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Mit einem Design-based Research Ansatz klärt die Studie deshalb die Dynamik der Lehr- und Lernprozesse in Schülerlaboren auf und erlaubt es, die Lernangebote mit Blick auf generelle Bildungsziele und spezifische Ziele der Labore empiriebasiert weiterzuentwickeln. Um Angebots-Nutzungs-Prozesse zu untersuchen, wird ein Analyseinstrument entwickelt; es erlaubt gleichermaßen, die didaktische Struktur der Angebote in einer SWOT-Analyse zu erfassen und die ablaufenden Denk- und Lernprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler empirisch zu erheben. Das Instrument fokussiert auf drei Dimensionen: die Orientierung der Angebote an Kontexten, die Integration von Problemlöseaufgaben und die Unterstützung von Autonomie der Schülerinnen und Schüler beim Entscheiden und Handeln. Die Ergebnisse der SWOT-Analyse werden mit empirischen Daten, die mit ethnografischen Methoden gewonnen werden, validiert. Eine daraufhin weiterentwickelte didaktische Struktur der Angebote ist hinsichtlich einer differenzierten Kontextualisierung, des Einsatzes narrativer Anker, die Problemlöseaufgaben einleiten, sowie einer phasenweisen Öffnung der Angebote verändert und führt zu besserem Verständnis fachlicher Inhalte und zu einer höheren Motivation.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Collège de France
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Partie de sa niche éco-géographique africaine, l’espèce Homo sapiens a étendu son emprise sur l’ensemble de la planète au cours de son expansion, entraînant une perte de la biodiversité et la disparition d’autres espèces humaines, comme les Néandertaliens, avec lesquelles elle a parfois coexisté. Comment notre espèce s’est-elle ainsi imposée ? Était-elle réellement plus avancée que les autres formes d’humanité qui ont évolué parallèlement à elle ? Cette leçon inaugurale tente de définir Homo sapiens, de l’évolution de ses traits morphologiques et physiques à ses capacités cognitives, en passant par la maîtrise de certaines technologies.
    Keywords: Homo sapiens ; paléoanthropologie ; espèce humaine ; environnement ; adaptation ; évolution ; origine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDG Industrial applications of scientific research and technological innovation ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBX Palaeontology
    Language: French
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    Éditions Universitaires d’Avignon
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: L’intelligence artificielle. Un concept aujourd’hui si populaire, une réalité pourtant si décriée. De quoi s’agit-il exactement ? Quel rapport entretient-elle avec le cerveau humain ? Quelles en seraient les limites ? L’auteur entend répondre à ces questions avec un double objectif : présenter une introduction agile aux univers de l’informatique ; favoriser la compréhension des enjeux actuels de la société numérique. Par ce livre, Pierre Jourlin, enseignant-chercheur en informatique à Avignon Université, apporte sa contribution en éclairant de l’intérieur cette boîte souvent considérée comme intrinsèquement opaque.
    Keywords: intelligence artificielle ; IA ; informatique ; sciences ; éthique ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: French
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book is a “big history” of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet.
    Keywords: Big History, Emergent Conditions, Evolution of Complexity, Origin of Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Das selbstgesteuerte Experimentieren ist laut den nationalen Bildungsstandards sowie den Lehrplänen im Fach Chemie ein wichtiger Bestandteil der naturwissenschaftlichen Schulbildung. Offene Experimentierformen sind jedoch wenig etabliert. Um das selbstgesteuerte Experimentieren in die Unterrichtspraxis zu implementieren, wurde im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojekts eine eintägige Lehrkräftefortbildung zur Konzeption von selbstgesteuerten Experimenten im Chemieunterricht durchgeführt. Dazu wurde ein literaturbasiertes Strukturierungskonzept entwickelt, mit dem die Lehrkräfte kochbuchartige Schulversuche zu selbstgesteuerten und kompetenzorientierten Experimenten mit beliebigen Öffnungsgraden modifizieren können. Begleitend zur Fortbildung wurde im Prä-Post-Follow-Up-Design das fachdidaktische Wissen der Teilnehmenden hinsichtlich der Planung von selbstgesteuerten Experimenten empirisch überprüft. Zur Erfassung dieses Konstrukts wurde ein neues Messinstrument literaturbasiert entwickelt und die Güte des Messinstruments evaluiert. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass die Fortbildung hinsichtlich des fachdidaktischen Wissens der Lehrkräfte kurz- sowie langfristig lernförderlich ist und die Fortbildung von den Teilnehmenden positiv bewertet wird. Die Reliabilitätsanalyse sowie die Validierungsstudie zeigen, dass der Test sowohl reliabel als auch valide ist. In Folgestudien könnte die langfristige Verhaltensänderung der Lehrkräfte bezüglich der Implementierung des selbstgesteuerten Experimentierens in den Unterricht untersucht werden.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Science ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Cambridge University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This short and practical guide offers valuable recommendations, stories and exercises, to guide readers towards a really successful career as an independent investigator in science. A must-read for early-career researchers, as well as those advising them and anyone else serious about science. This title is available as Open Access via Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: science ; engineering professional development ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDK Science funding and policy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDM Scientific research ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDN Scientific equipment, experiments and techniques
    Language: English
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    Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: After the French Revolution, the idea of an encyclopedia took on a considerable scope. Until the Spring of the Peoples in 1848, it was inseparable from the idea of a universal republic, and was at the heart of a multiplicity of challenges for the institutional, intellectual and political reconstruction of post-revolutionary society. It is to the singularity of this moment (1789-1848) in the long history of encyclopedism that the various contributions in this volume are dedicated. Far from being limited to a moment in the history of science, encyclopedism reveals to us the way in which modern societies represent themselves and establish themselves politically.
    Keywords: encyclopedias ; revolution ; knowledge and learning ; politics ; history ; nineteenth century ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: French
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    University of Westminster Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: We are entering a new era of technological determinism and solutionism in which governments and business actors are seeking data-driven change, assuming that Artificial Intelligence is now inevitable and ubiquitous. But we have not even started asking the right questions, let alone developed an understanding of the consequences. Urgently needed is debate that asks and answers fundamental questions about power. This book brings together critical interrogations of what constitutes AI, its impact and its inequalities in order to offer an analysis of what it means for AI to deliver benefits for everyone. The book is structured in three parts: Part 1, AI: Humans vs. Machines, presents critical perspectives on human-machine dualism. Part 2, Discourses and Myths About AI, excavates metaphors and policies to ask normative questions about what is ‘desirable’ AI and what conditions make this possible. Part 3, AI Power and Inequalities, discusses how the implementation of AI creates important challenges that urgently need to be addressed. Bringing together scholars from diverse disciplinary backgrounds and regional contexts, this book offers a vital intervention on one of the most hyped concepts of our times.
    Keywords: solutionism; machine learning; social justice; good data; algorithms; AI ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPF Information theory::GPFC Cybernetics and systems theory ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UG Graphical and digital media applications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides::UDB Internet guides and online services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society
    Language: English
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Fachdidaktisches Wissen gilt als wichtige Gelingensbedingung für einen professionell durchgeführten Unterricht. Positive Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, vielfältige Unterrichtskompetenzen sowie eine befürwortende Einstellung gegenüber der Reflexion von Unterricht sind darüber hinaus Indikatoren einer gelingenden Professionalisierung. Professionelle Handlungskompetenz entwickelt sich vornehmlich, wenn angehende Lehrkräfte die Gelegenheit bekommen theoretische Wissensanteile in der Praxis umzusetzen und diesen Transfer zu reflektieren. Die unreflektierte Absolvierung von Unterrichtspraktika birgt nämlich die Gefahr eines "Praxisschocks". Um dem vorzubeugen, ist es förderlich, praktische Studienanteile in ihrer Komplexität sukzessive zu steigern. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Lehr-Lern-Labore (LLL) diesen Anforderungen genügen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die professionalisierende Wirkung dieses Veranstaltungskonzepts am Beispiel des LLL "Schwimmen, Schweben, Sinken" multimethodisch untersucht. Dabei wurden Gruppendiskussionen und Interviews, eine hoch inferente Fremdeinschätzungserhebung sowie eine Prä-Post-Fragebogenstudie mit Studierenden der Bachelorstudiengänge Lehramt Physik sowie Grundschulpädagogik (Sachunterricht) an der Freien Universität Berlin durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lehr-Lern-Labor-Veranstaltungen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Anbahnung sowie zur Unterstützung der Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften bereits während des Studiums leisten können, ohne dass es zum "Praxisschock" kommt.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This study marks a major step in making collaboration between seniors, academic researchers, and community researchers a reality. Many aging adults are motivated to undertake research projects in later life or even return to university after retirement. Grey Matters is the result of a pilot project developed to study the effectiveness of collaborative research involving seniors. Because the project was such a success, the authors were encouraged to make their model available both to seniors interested in undertaking their own research and to those hoping to involve seniors in collaborative research. This guide provides a helpful framework for making the most of research projects by and with seniors, including sections on such techniques as narrative interviews, focus groups, and surveys. Grey Matters will be the first Open Access book published by the University of Calgary Press. On October 22, 2010, it will be released simultaneously in traditional print book format and as a free downloadable PDF file from this website.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Ubiquity Press | Ubiquity Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Plan S for shock: the open access initiative that changed the face of global research. This is the story of open access publishing – why it matters now, and for the future. In a world where information has never been so accessible, and answers are available at the touch of a fingertip, we are hungrier for the facts than ever before – something the Covid-19 crisis has brought to light. And yet, paywalls put in place by multi-billion dollar publishing houses are still preventing millions from accessing quality, scientific knowledge – and public trust in science is under threat. On 4 September 2018, a bold new initiative known as ‘Plan S’ was unveiled, kickstarting a world-wide shift in attitudes towards open access research. For the first time, funding agencies across continents joined forces to impose new rules on the publication of research, with the aim of one day making all research free and available to all. What followed was a debate of global proportions, as stakeholders asked: Who has the right to access publicly-funded research? Will it ever be possible to enforce change on a multi-billion dollar market dominated by five major players? Here, the scheme’s founder, Robert-Jan Smits, makes a compelling case for Open Access, and reveals for the first time how he set about turning his controversial plan into reality – as well as some of the challenges faced along the way. In telling his story, Smits argues that the Covid-19 crisis has exposed the traditional academic publishing system as unsustainable.
    Keywords: Knowledge ; Publishing ; Policy ; Academia ; Science ; Open access ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates::QRAM2 Religion and politics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Digitalisation, digital networks, and artificial intelligence are fundamentally changing our lives! We must understand the various developments and assess how they interact and how they affect our regular, analogue lives. What are the consequences of such changes for me personally and for our society? Digital networks and artificial intelligence are seminal innovations that are going to permeate all areas of society and trigger a comprehensive, disruptive structural change that will evoke numerous new advances in research and development in the coming years. Even though there are numerous books on this subject matter, most of them cover only specific aspects of the profound and multifaceted effects of the digital transformation. An overarching assessment is missing. In 2016, the Federation of German Scientists (VDW) has founded a study group to assess the technological impacts of digitalisation holistically. Now we present this compendium to you. We address the interrelations and feedbacks of digital innovation on policy, law, economics, science, and society from various scientific perspectives. Please consider this book as an invitation to contemplate with other people and with us, what kind of world we want to live in!
    Keywords: Science ; Computers ; Computer Science ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Quantenphysik bildet schon heute das Fundament zahlreicher aktueller Technologien. Zukünftige Quantentechnologien, wie Quantencomputer, werden sowohl in der Industrie als auch für die Gesellschaft an Bedeutung gewinnen. In vielen nationalen und internationalen Schulcurricula ist die Quantenphysik als Thema für den Physikunterricht mittlerweile fest verankert. Aber trotz des enormen Bedeutungszuwachses von Quantentechnologien ist der Unterricht zur Quantenphysik an Schulen nach wie vor von semi-klassischen Modellen und quasi-historischen Zugängen geprägt, während moderne Begriffe der Quantenphysik häufig unberücksichtigt bleiben. Die Folge sind oft klassisch-mechanistisch geprägte Vorstellungen Lernender zur Quantenphysik. Hier setzt diese Arbeit an: mit dem Erlanger Unterrichtskonzept zur Quantenoptik wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, mit dem Lernende der gymnasialen Oberstufe Quanteneffekte anhand quantenoptischer Experimente kennen lernen. Konzepte der Quantenoptik, wie die Präparation von Quantenzuständen, die Antikorrelation am Strahlteiler und die Einzelphotoneninterferenz verhelfen Lernenden zu einem modernen Bild über Quantenphysik. Im Rahmen einer summativen Evaluation im Mixed-Methods-Design mit 171 Schülerinnen und Schülern zeigte sich, dass Lernende mit dem Erlanger Unterrichtskonzept zu quantenphysikalisch dominierten Vorstellungen gelangen und verbreitete Lernschwierigkeiten vermieden werden können.
    Keywords: Science ; Science ; Physics ; Technology & Engineering ; Agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
    Language: German
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    Presses universitaires François-Rabelais
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: La crise du Covid-19 a exacerbé et mis au grand jour les difficultés du système de santé français, notamment sur le volet de la gestion des ressources humaines : pénuries de personnel, épuisement professionnel, rémunérations insuffisantes… Beaucoup de territoires connaissaient déjà ces maux : les déserts médicaux ne datent pas d’hier, pas plus que les problèmes de coordination des soins pour la prise en charge des maladies chroniques ou les lacunes en termes d’accompagnement au grand âge. Tous ces problèmes ne viennent pas de la formation et tous ne trouvent pas leur solution dans les réformes conduites dans ce domaine, mais la façon dont l’appareil de formation délivre les connaissances et fabrique les spécialités, son organisation (entre les universités, les CHU, les facultés, les instituts… et les territoires), les politiques en matière d’admission et de flux d’étudiants (les fameux numerus clausus et quotas), tout cela façonne le système de santé, influe sur les possibilités de coopération et les conflits et modèle le rapport à l’innovation et la distribution des ressources sur le terrain. Si la santé est un bien commun, la réforme des études est l’affaire de tous. Ce livre, qui donne la parole aux acteurs (enseignants, professionnels de santé, chercheurs, étudiants et acteurs des politiques), place les réformes actuelles des études de santé à la portée du plus grand nombre.
    Keywords: réforme ; santé ; société ; politique publique ; géographie ; université ; formation ; science de l’éducation ; science de gestion ; médical ; paramédical ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: French
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    Presses universitaires de Provence
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Aix-Marseille Provence, grande métropole située sur les bords de la Méditerranée, révèle de multiples questions sociales et environnementales. Cet ouvrage vise à questionner les enjeux du développement durable d’une telle métropole littorale méditerranéenne face au défi du changement climatique. Sur la base des connaissances scientifiques rassemblées au sein du collectif de recherche du Laboratoire d’Excellence OT-Med, cet ouvrage présente, dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, un état des lieux sur la problématique environnementale de cette métropole afin de répondre au mieux aux interrogations des gestionnaires et décideurs publics. On offre au lecteur une synthèse interdisciplinaire de « science locale » mise à la portée de tous : sont examinés l’espace urbain, les sols, la biodiversité, la mer et le littoral, l’atmosphère et la climatologie, les risques, les espaces protégés, etc. Référence académique mais aussi passerelle vers la société, l’économie et la gestion des milieux, ce livre a été conçu pour communiquer les données environnementales actuelles qui concernent Marseille au plus grand nombre et dans un langage accessible. Il permet de mieux connaître les défis actuels posés par le changement climatique, les actions déjà réalisées ou en cours, et les solutions encore à inventer.
    Keywords: espace urbain ; environnement ; biodiversité ; Marseille ; changement climatique ; développement durable ; économie ; Méditerranée ; sols ; climatologie ; mer ; littoral ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: French
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: undefined
    Keywords: génétique ; génétique des populations ; génomique ; génomique humaine ; diversité biologique ; immunologie ; diversité ; épidémiologie ; évolution ; diversité phénotypique ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
    Language: French
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Konsumgüter werden beispielsweise mit Slogans wie "Gut in Bio. Schlecht in Chemie." beworben. Dabei wird intendiert, sich gezielt von "Chemie" abzugrenzen und sich das positive Bild von "Natur" zu Nutze zu machen. Dies prägt die öffentliche Meinung und trägt zu einer antagonistisch-wertenden Sicht von "Chemie" und "Natur" bei. Dass Chemie als Naturwissenschaft der Beschreibung der Natur dient, um deren Stoffe und Stoffumwandlungen zu erklären, ist dem Laien selten bewusst. Chemie findet überall statt, insbesondere in der Natur! Genau an diesem Punkt setzt das Unterrichtskonzept "Chemie Pur - Unterrichten in der Naturglqq an. Ziel ist es, im Freiland, mit direkt vor Ort gewonnenen Naturstoffen, Umweltprozesse experimentell zu erarbeiten. Die projektbegleitende Evaluationsstudie stellte sich der Forschungsfrage, wie sich das Unterrichtskonzept auf das Fach- und Sachinteresse, auf die Naturverbundenheit sowie auf die Einstellung zu Chemie und Natur von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe II auswirkt. Die Auswertung der Fragebogenergebnisse mit latenten Veränderungsmodellen haben gezeigt, dass die Intervention im Freiland das inhaltsbezogene Sachinteresse steigert und die Einstellung zu Chemie und Natur positiv beeinflusst sowie ein erhöhten Fachwissenszuwachs ermöglicht. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können die Grundlage für die Entwicklung und Evaluation von good-practice-Ansätzen naturwissenschaftlicher Lernsituationen bilden. Das Unterrichtskonzept Chemie Pur leistet zudem einen Beitrag im Bereich Outdoor Education, um den Antagonismus von Chemie und Natur zu verringern.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Science ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Our own birth and death elude our conscious experience. The world’s literatures give us the opportunity to access the beginning and end of a life, to represent, reflect upon, and (re)stage birth, life, dying, and death. This highly mobile configuration releases a tremendous creative energy, which this volume analyzes against the backdrop of the question of the knowledge of life.
    Keywords: Life/death literature and life sciences ; Romance literatures ; world literatures ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: German
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: From 1814, linked to their educational work, Jesuits made significant contributions to the natural sciences, especially in the fields of astronomy, meteorology, seismology, terrestrial magnetism, mathematics, and biology in a worldwide network of universities, secondary schools and observatories.; Readership: All interested in the history of Jesuits and their contribution to the natural sciences, in science and religion and in general in the history of science.
    Keywords: Mathematics & science ; Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Digitalisierung, Vernetzung und Künstliche Intelligenz verändern unser Leben in grundlegender Weise! Wir müssen die verschiedenen Entwicklungen verstehen und analysieren, wie sie sich gegenseitig verstärken und auf unser "normales", analoges Leben wirken. Welche Konsequenzen haben die Veränderungen für mich und für die Gesellschaft, in der ich lebe? Digitale Vernetzung und Künstliche Intelligenz sind epochale Basisinnovationen, die schubartig alle Bereiche der Gesellschaft durchdringen und Motor eines umfassenden, disruptiv verlaufenden Strukturwandels sind, der in den nächsten Jahren zahlreiche neue Innovationen hervorbringen wird. Trotz zahlreicher Bücher zum Thema werden die tiefgehenden und vielseitigen Wirkungen der Digitalisierung meistens nur ausschnittsweise, also für einzelne Bereiche betrachtet. Was fehlt, ist ein Gesamtbild. Die Vereinigung Deutscher Wissenschaftler (VDW) beschäftigt sich deshalb seit 2016 eingehend mit Technikfolgen der Digitalisierung und hat hierzu eine Studiengruppe eingesetzt, die das vorliegende Kompendium vorlegt. Darin betrachten wir aus verschiedenen Wissenschaftsperspektiven Zusammenhänge und Rückwirkungen digitaler Innovation in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen. Sehen Sie das Buch als eine Einladung, mit anderen Menschen und mit uns darüber nachzudenken, wie wir leben wollen!
    Keywords: Science ; Computers ; Computer Science ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 89
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Entwicklung moderner Hubkolbenmotoren zielt auf die Reduktion der Emissionen und die Erhöhung der spezifischen Leistung ab. In diesem Rahmen hat die Abgasrückführung einen besonderen Stellenwert erhalten. Die Abgasturboaufladung in Verbindung mit einer zweiflutige asymmetrische Turbine ermöglicht die Kombination aus einem optimalen Ladungswechsel und der Abgasrückführung. Im Rahmen der vorgestellten Studie wird das Verständnis für die Strömungsphänomene einer zweiflutigen asymmetrischen Radialturbine vertieft. Die notwendigen aerodynamischen und thermodynamischen Messungen zur Beschreibung des Betriebsverhaltens der zweiflutigen Turbine werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit durchgeführt. Aus den Ergebnissen von Versuch und dreidimensionaler numerischer Strömungssimulation wird ein Modell der zweiflutigen Turbine für die Ladungswechselsimulation entwickelt und mit Ergebnissen aus Motorversuchen validiert. Die auf Kennfeldern beruhende Beschreibung der Turbine bei der Ladungswechselsimulation eines Abgasturbolader-aufgeladenen Motors wird merklich verbessert. Zum Verständnis der Interaktion von Motor und Turbine wird das Interaktionskennfeld eingeführt und ein Ansatz zur betriebspunktorientierten Auslegung und Optimierung einer zweiflutigen Turbine vorgestellt. Basierend auf diesem Verständnis wird eine Methode entwickelt, die das Zusammenspiel der Turbine mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine verlässlich und mit geringem Zeitaufwand vorhersagen kann.
    Keywords: Science ; Antiques & Collectibles ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables
    Language: German
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  • 90
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Physics and Literature is a unique collaboration between physicists and literary scholars, the first book to explore together the relations between both fields in depth. Contributors analyze central aspects of literary and scientific thought and representation, and the forms of exchange between them. They clarify how narrative, fiction, metaphor and language interact with models, experiment, measurement and mathematics, across eras and genres.
    Keywords: Cultural and Science Studies ; Narrating Science ; Metaphors and Concept Formation ; Interdisciplinary Transfer ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book is a “big history” of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet.
    Keywords: Big History, Emergent Conditions, Evolution of Complexity, Origin of Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: What is the relationship between literature and the sciences? What scientific insights has it adopted and which knowledge has it produced in the process? These are the kinds of research questions that this volume is the first to discuss in relation to the previously neglected field of GDR literature, which had a productive, critical relationship to the societally central "productive power of science," which was seen as "revolutionary."
    Keywords: Culture of science ; sciences twentieth century Germany (GDR) ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: German
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  • 93
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    Presses des Mines
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Si la vie était telle que la décrivent le plus souvent les sciences sociales, elle serait sans nul doute invivable. Entièrement tournées vers les enjeux de sens de l'existence, les sciences humaines et sociales tendent à délaisser ce que Bergson appelait la souplesse intérieure de la vie. Pourtant, sans cette souplesse, le monde ne serait qu'un lieu de stratégies sociales, d'échanges contrôlés de messages toujours pertinents en regard d'un système de représentations ; le monde serait enfermé dans des règles rigides dictant à chacun sa façon de jouer son rôle dans l'espace collectif, dans un monde fermé aux paradoxes, aux décalages, à l'ironie. Pourtant, un observateur attentif remarque que l'accomplissement des activités sociales s'accompagne d'une multitude de détails non-pertinents ou latéraux, ce qu'Albert Piette a nommé le « mode mineur de la réalité ». Des détails qui donnent à penser que l'homme n'est jamais pleinement absorbé dans une activité : il participe certes, mais de façon toujours un peu décalée, injectant à l'occasion d'autres mondes dans la situation présente ou bien tout simplement s'abandonnant à la rêverie ou au pas de côté. Ce livre réunit les contributions de plusieurs auteurs, sociologues, philosophes, anthropologues, qui ont cherché à mettre au jour cette strate de l'expérience qui fait de l'humain un être à la fois présent et absent, croyant et sceptique, engagé et distant.
    Keywords: vie ; réalité ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: French
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  • 94
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    Taylor & Francis | Practical Handbook of Microbiology | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Practical Handbook of Microbiology, 4th edition provides basic, clear and concise knowledge and practical information about working with microorganisms. Useful to anyone interested in microbes, the book is intended to especially benefit four groups: trained microbiologists working within one specific area of microbiology; people with training in other disciplines, and use microorganisms as a tool or "chemical reagent"; business people evaluating investments in microbiology focused companies; and an emerging group, people in occupations and trades that might have limited training in microbiology, but who require specific practical information.
    Keywords: Antisepsis, Bacteria, Bacteriophage, Business of Microbiology, Disinfection, Fungi, Microbiology, Microbiology procedures, parasites, sterilization, virus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: social-decision making ; animal behavior ; behavioral ecology ; animal collective behavior ; animal SDM ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: omics ; epigenetics ; pharmacogenetics ; CYP ; risk prediction ; microbiota ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: oligodendrocyte ; Schwann cell ; oligodendrocyte precursor cell ; myelin ; myelin repair ; axon physiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Evolution of the horse has been an often-cited primary example of evolution, as well as one of the classic and important stories in paleontology for over a century and a half, due to their rich fossil record across 5 continents: North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The recent horse has served a profound role in human ancestry, including agriculture, commerce, sport, transport, warfare, and in prehistory, for the subsistence of humans. Many studies have examined the evolution of the Equidae and chronicled the striking changes in skulls, dentition, limbs, and body size which have long been perceived to be a response to environmental shifts through time. Most comprehensive studies heretofore have: (1) focused on the “Great Transformation”- changes that occurred in the early Miocene, (2) involved tracking long-term diversity or paleoecological trends on a single continent or within a geographical locality, or (3) concentrated on the 3-toed hipparions. The Plio–Pleistocene evolutionary stage of horse evolution is punctuated by the great climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary beginning 2.6 Ma which influenced Equus evolution, biogeographic dispersion and adaptation on a nearly global scale. The evolutionary biology of Equus evolution across its entire range remains relatively poorly understood and often highly controversial. Some of this lack of understanding is due to assumptions that have arisen because of the relatively derived craniodental and postcranial anatomy of Equus and its close relatives which has seemed to imply that that these forms occupied relatively homogenous and narrow dietary and locomotor niches - notions that have not been adequately addressed and rigorously tested. Other challenges have revolved around teasing apart environmentally-driven adaptation versus phylogenetically defined morphological change. Geochronologic age control of localities, geographic provinces and continents has improved, but in no way is absolute and can be reexamined in our proposed volume. Temporal resolution for paleodietary, paleohabitat and paleoecological interpretations are also challenging for understanding the evolution of Equus. Our proposed volume attempts to assemble a group of experts who will address multiple dimensions of Equus’ evolution in time and space.
    Keywords: Ecomorphology ; Equus ; Paleoecology ; Taxonomy ; Biogeography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Exercise Science ; Performance ; Physiology ; Japan ; Olympics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: organohalide respiration ; Microbial reductive dehalogenation ; Dehalococcoides ; electron transport chain ; reductive dehalogenase ; Community composition and function ; bioremediation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKF Pathology::MKFM Medical microbiology and virology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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