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  • Articles  (193)
  • Ecology  (126)
  • 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest  (35)
  • 04.04. Geology  (33)
  • crystal structure
  • 2020-2024  (193)
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  • 1
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    Reti neurali per individuare anomalie nel segnale delle stazioni RSN (2023)
    INGV - ONT
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-11
    Description: Le reti neurali si stanno rivelando utili anche nelle discipline geofisiche ed in particolare quando si devono eseguire classificazioni di grandi moli di dati. I vari diagrammi SQLX (spettri di rumore, spettrogrammi ecc.) sono un importante strumento di analisi della qualità del segnale sismico in ingresso nelle sale operative INGV e/o archiviato. Grazie ad essi si possono individuare malfunzionamenti nelle stazioni o più in generale errori (anche di sensibilità/amplificazione) nel segnale sismico, errori che possono dipendere da vari fattori. Non potendo controllare “manualmente” diagrammi di circa 500 stazioni della RSN, oltre 3000 diagrammi, stiamo testando una procedura che utilizza l'intelligenza artificiale per automatizzare un’analisi preliminare che consenta poi all’analista di focalizzarsi solo su un numero limitato di stazioni “sospette”, già selezionate dalla procedura. In particolare, abbiamo eseguito il training di una rete neurale “profonda” che impara a classificare le immagini. Abbiamo eseguito il processo di apprendimento utilizzando 150 diagrammi di rumore standard (classificati preliminarmente “buoni”) e 150 classificati “anomali”. Durante la fase di apprendimento, il gruppo di appartenenza di ciascun diagramma (detto anche label) deve essere specificato come dato di input. Dopo aver eseguito il training, la rete neurale è in grado di classificare altri diagrammi (“buoni” e anomali) ossia di capire a quale gruppo indicato nel training appartiene un segnale che la rete non ha mai analizzato prima. Nel test eseguito, il sistema ha riconosciuto correttamente la classe di appartenenza dei diagrammi (buono/anomalo) nel 95% dei casi. La figura rappresenta la fase di apprendimento della rete neurale (linee blu). Durante tale fase, alcuni diagrammi sono riservati alla “validazione”: in altre parole, questi diagrammi non sono utilizzati nell’algoritmo matematico iterativo di apprendimento della rete neurale, ma soltanto per controllare l’accuratezza della rete anche su dati non utilizzati. L’accuratezza dei dati di validazione è mostrata dalla linea tratteggiata nera. Ai piedi del diagramma sono riportate alcune informazioni sulla procedura che impiega meno di 2 minuti per analizzare 300 diagrammi spettrali. In questa prima fase abbiamo usato solo le stazioni con sismometri a Larga Banda (canali HH*). Questo perché i diagrammi di tali stazioni sono simili tra loro e molto diversi da quelli delle stazioni a corto periodo. In altre parole abbiamo applicato la procedura a circa il 60% delle stazioni della RSN. Stiamo attualmente studiando come allargare l’analisi alle stazioni a corto periodo.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Roma, via di Vigna Murata 605
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Keywords: Spettri di Potenza SQLX ; Power Spectral Density (PSD) ; Probability Density Function (PDF or PPSD) ; Rumore sismico ; Reti Neurali ; Convolutional Neural Network ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.01. Computational geophysics ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 2
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    The role of trapped fluids during the development and deformation of a carbonate/shale intra-wedge tectonic mélange (Mt. Massico, Southern Apennines, Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: Numerous studies exist on exhumed tectonic mélanges along subduction channels whereas, in accretionary wedge interiors, deformation mechanisms and related fluid circulation in tectonic mélanges are still underexplored. We combine structural and microstructural observations with geochemical (stable and clumped isotopes and isotope composition of noble gases in fluid inclusions of calcite veins) and U-Pb geochronological data to define deformation mechanisms and syn-tectonic fluid circulation within the Mt. Massico intra-wedge tectonic mélange, located in the inner part of the central-southern Apennines accretionary wedge, Italy. This mélange developed by shear deformation at the base of a clastic succession. Deformation was characterized by disruption of the primary bedding, mixing, and deformation of relicts of competent olistoliths and strata within a weak matrix of deformed clayey and marly interbeds. Recurrent cycles of mutually overprinting fracturing/veining and pressure-solution processes generated a block-in-matrix texture. The geochemical signatures of syntectonic calcite veins suggest calcite precipitation in a closed system from warm (108°-147 °C) paleofluids, with δ18O vlaues between þ9‰ and 14‰, such as trapped pore waters after extensive 18O exchange with the local limestone host rock and/or derived by clay dehydration processes at T 〉 120 °C. The 3He/4He ratios in fluid inclusions are lower than 0.1 Ra, indicating that He was exclusively sourced from the crust. We conclude that: (1) intraformational rheological contrasts, inherited trapped fluids, and low-permeability barriers such as marlyshaly matrix, can promote the generation of intra-wedge tectonic mélanges and the development of transient fluid overpressure; (2) clay-rich tectonic mélanges, developed along intra-wedge décollement layers, may generate low-permeability barriers hindering the fluid redistribution within accretionary wedges.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104086
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tectonic mélange ; Fluid-rock interaction ; Stable and clumped isotopes ; Noble gases ; Fold and thrust belt ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Assessing methyl tertiary butyl ether residual contamination in groundwater using radon (2021)
    Elsevier Ltd.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: About 15 years ago, a fuelling station in Roma (Italy) was dismissed. When underground tanks were removed, a subsoil NAPL (Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) contamination came out, showing gasoline leakage from the reservoirs. Monitoring actions took place next and only recently radon dissolved in groundwater was measured for a year and used as tracer of NAPLs in view of its high solubility in these substances. The relative deficit of radon in polluted groundwater compared to radon in background “clean” water allowed us to detect areas where residual gasoline is still located. The source of pollution was identified in correspondence of former gasoline tanks, in agreement with direct measurements of dissolved NAPLs, mainly Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), a resistant and water-soluble additive introduced in gasoline in place of lead. A short and transient plume of MTBE was occasionally recognized. We hypothesize that the rise of groundwater table enhances removal of MTBE, likely adsorbed onto soil minerals such as zeolites, thus increasing its concentration in water. MTBE levels are then progressively reduced by natural attenuation processes, with half-life of about 23 days. Estimates of MTBE saturation from radon-deficit equations were not reliable because the aquifer is not homogeneous in terms of 226Ra distribution, porosity and emanation power and no equilibrium is reached for radon partitioning between NAPL and water.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104583
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: MTBE ; NAPL ; Radon ; Groundwater contamination ; Monitoring ; Italy ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Muon radiography applied to volcanoes imaging: the MURAVES experiment at Mt. Vesuvius (2021)
    IOP
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: Abstract: Muon radiography is a technique based on the measurement of absorption profiles of muons as they pass through matter. This measurement allows to obtain an image of the inner structure of large volume objects and is suitable to be applied in several fields, such as volcanology, archaeology and civil engeneering. One of the main applications concerns the study of volcanic structures; indeed it is possible to use this technique to measure the mass distribution inside the edifice of a volcano providing useful information to better understand the possible eruption mechanisms. The MURAVES (MUon RAdiography of VESuvius) project aims to the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius near Naples in Italy, one of the most dangerous active volcanoes in the world. The MURAVES apparatus is a modular, robust muon hodoscope system with a low power consumption, optimized to be used in inhospitable environments like the surroundings of volcanoes. The complete detection system is an array of identical tracking modules, each with an area of 1 m2 , based on the use of plasic scintillators. The technologies, the status and the data analysis strategy of the experiment will be presented in this paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: C03014
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Muography, Vesuvius ; Interaction of radiation with matter ; Scintillators and scintillating fibres and light guides ; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization ; Simulation methods and programs ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    The Italian Node of the European Integrated Data Archive (2021)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-14
    Description: The Orfeus European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) provides a federated approach to the dissemination of seismological waveform data and ensures access to 12 regional seismological data centers—the EIDA nodes. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is one of the founding partners of this EIDA federation and manages the EIDA data distribution node in Italy. INGV has actively managed the smaller MedNet archive since 1990 and adopted a more comprehensive and systematic approach to seismological data archiving since 2007. The Italian EIDA node data archive currently totals 90 TBytes of waveform data available for download, originating from 25 networks and 974 stations, provided by INGV, MedNet, or contributed by various partner institutions. Geographically, it covers mainly Italy and some stations from the Mediterranean region. The archive is currently growing at a rate of approximately 11 TB/yr. INGV recently strengthened its data management capabilities, resources, and infrastructure to effectively respond to the growing scale of station inventory, archive, and volumes of delivered data, and to acknowledge increasing attention toward open data sharing, appropriate attribution, and FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse), as well as higher demands on data quality and expectations of the scientific user community. To this end, it established a dedicated internal unit in charge of all relevant activities related to the Italian EIDA node. In this article, we address key aspects of the EIDA node in Italy such as evolution and status of the seismological waveform archive, and we describe the technical, organizational, and operational setup of data and service management. We also outline ongoing activities and future evolutions aiming to further increase the quality of services, data availability, data and metadata quality, resilience, and sustainability.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1726–1737
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: European Integrated Data Archive ; earthquakes ; Data bases ; seismic networks ; Real time Seismology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Traffic-induced vibrations on cultural heritage in urban area: the case of Villa Farnesina in Rome (2022)
    IOP Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Description: The study aims to analyse the vibrations induced by traffic on the Villa Farnesina in Rome. The ancient building was designed and erected by the architect Baldassarre Peruzzi and the walls, vaults and lodges were decorated with frescoes attributable to Raphael and other relevant Italian Renaissance painters. Villa Farnesina is located near the Lungotevere road, therefore it suffers the dangerous effects due to the urban traffic even with heavy vehicles passing, so much so that in the early seventies an anti-vibration paving was built. A six-month geophysical monitoring made it possible to analyse the propagation of the waves on the building, characterizing the vibration due to the current traffic level. The results show the vibration levels recorded on the different floors of the building.
    Description: Published
    Description: International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (MetroArchaeo 2021) 20-22 October 2021, Milan, Italy
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Keywords: Cultural Heritage ; Traffic-induced vibrations ; Villa Farnesina ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 05.06. Methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 7
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    Temperature compensation in high accuracy accelerometers using multi-sensor and machine learning methods (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Experimental data are publicly available here: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/f78bmhr628/1
    Description: Temperature is a major source of inaccuracy in high-sensitivity accelerometers and gravimeters. Active thermal control systems require power and may not be ideal in some contexts such as airborne or spaceborne applications. We propose a solution that relies on multiple thermometers placed within the accelerometer to measure temperature and thermal gradient variations. Machine Learning algorithms are used to relate the temperatures to their effect on the accelerometer readings. However, obtaining labeled data for training these algorithms can be difficult. Therefore, we also developed a training platform capable of replicating temperature variations in a laboratory setting. Our experiments revealed that thermal gradients had a significant effect on accelerometer readings, emphasizing the importance of multiple thermometers. The proposed method was experimentally tested and revealed a great potential to be extended to other sources of inaccuracy, such as rotations, as well as to other types of measuring systems, such as magnetometers or gyroscopes.
    Description: This work was funded by “Regione Lazio” (Italy) with European Regional Development Fund (Italy, Lazio) through the call “Gruppi di Ricerca 2020 (POR FESR LAZIO 2014 – 2020), project number: A0375-2020-36674
    Description: Published
    Description: 114090
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: gravimeter ; gravimetry ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Extremely fast Holocene coastal landscape evolution in the Kachchh Upland (NW India): Clues from a multidisciplinary review (2023)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-28
    Description: The coastal landscape of the Kachchh Upland (KU) region (NW-India) changed over the last fewthousand years from a shallow marine gulf to a salty desert (1-4 meters asl). In this area,bordered to the south by the Northern Hill Range (NHR), the tectonic-climatic interactiontriggered the sea level fall from +2/4 m circa (6000-2000 BP) to zero. An ancient riverpattern deposited a tidally regulated delta area during the sea level fall that stopped 2000-3000 years ago due to tectonic activity and a dry climate.Deltaic-alluvial fans (DAF) in front of the NHR suggest that the KU’s tectonic activity led tofast landscape evolution. We explored such drastic changes by integrating scientificinformation from a multidisciplinary literature review, identifying terraces and DAFs, andinferring faults through landform recognition, quantitative morphometry, andfield surveys.Our interpretation, summarized in a map, provides new information on active processesalong the NHR.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2167617
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Kachchh ; coastal landscapeevolution ; tectonic-climatic interaction ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Assessing Shallow Soft Deposits through Near-Surface Geophysics and UAV-SfM: Application in Pocket Beaches Environments (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: This study employs a multimethod approach to investigate the sediment distribution in two pocket beaches, Ramla Beach and Mellieha S Beach, in Malta. Both study sites were digitally reconstructed using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. For each case, an ERT and a dense network of ambient seismic noise measurements processed through a horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique were acquired. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) analysis enables the estimation of sediment thickness in each beach. HVSR analysis revealed peaks related to beach sediments overlying limestone rocks in both sites and also indicated a deeper stratigraphic contact in Mellieha S Beach. Based on ERT measurements, sediment thickness is calculated for each HVSR measurement. Interpolation of results allows for bedrock surface modelling in each case study, and when combined with digital terrain models (DTMs) derived from photogrammetric models, sediment volumes are estimated for each site. The geometry of this surface is analyzed from a geological perspective, showing structural control of sediment distribution due to a normal fault in Mellieha S Beach and stratigraphic control facilitated by a highly erodible surface in Ramla Beach. The results emphasize the importance of adopting a three-dimensional perspective in coastal studies for precise sediment volume characterization and a deeper understanding of pocket beach dynamics. This practical multimethod approach presented here offers valuable tools for future coastal research and effective coastal management, facilitating informed decision making amidst the growing vulnerability of coastal zones to climate change impacts.
    Description: This work was partially supported by the project Satellite Investigation to study POcket BEach Dynamics (SIPOBED, SRF-2021-2S1, PI: Sebastiano D’Amico),the project Multi-disciplinary monitoring system for a resilient management of coastal areas (REMACO) funded by the INTERREG V A–Italy-Malta Capitalization Programme, the INGV Project “Ricerca 703 Libera” BR2019.23 (“Unveiling silent faults in low strain-rates regions through the integration 704 of high-resolution geophysical and seismological analyses” P.I. Fabio Villani), and by the Internationalisation Partnership & Awards Scheme Plus (IPAS+) supported by the Malta Council for Science and Technology through the project “Near-surface geophysics and geomatic applied to coastal systems” (IPAS-2022-020).
    Description: Published
    Description: 40
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio; seismic ambient noise; pocket beach; Malta; near-surface geophysics; electrical resistivity tomography; photogrammetry ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Analysis and Characterization of an Unclassified RFI Affecting Ionospheric Amplitude Scintillation Index Over the Mediterranean Area (2024)
    IEEE
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are exploited as signals of opportunity in many scientific activities, ranging from sensing waterways and humidity of the terrain to the monitoring of the ionosphere. The latter can be pursued by processing the GNSS signals through dedicated ground-based monitoring equipment, such as the GNSS Ionospheric Scintillation and Total Electron Content Monitoring (GISTM) receivers. Nonetheless, GNSS signals are susceptible to intentional or unintentional RF interferences (RFIs), which may alter the calculation of the scintillation indices, thus compromising the quality of the scientific data and the reliability of the derived space weather monitoring products. Upon the observation of anomalous scintillation indices computed by a GISTM receiver in the Mediterranean area, the study presents the results of the analysis and characterization of a deliberate, unclassified interferer acting on the L1/E1 GNSS signal bands, observed and captured through an experimental, software-defined radio setup. This article also highlights the adverse impacts of the interferer on the amplitude scintillation indices employed in scientific investigations, and presents a methodology to discriminate among regular and corrupted scintillation data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 8230 - 8248
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ; Radio Frequency Interferences ; Ionospheric Monitoring ; Ionospheric Scintillation ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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