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  • evolution
  • The MIT Press  (2)
  • Springer
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2020-2024  (2)
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  • 1
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: An approach to understanding religion that draws on both humanities and natural science but rejects approaches that employ simple monisms and radical dualisms. In Beyond Heaven and Earth, Gabriel Levy argues that collective religious narratives and beliefs are part of nature; they are the basis for the formation of the narratives and beliefs of individuals. Religion grows out of the universe, but to make sense of it we have to recognize the paradox that the universe is both mental and material (or neither). We need both humanities and natural science approaches to study religion and religious meaning, Levy contends, but we must also recognize the limits of these approaches. First, we must make the dominant metaphysics that undergird the various disciplines of science and humanities more explicit, and second, we must reject those versions of metaphysics that maintain simple monisms and radical dualisms. Bringing Donald Davidson's philosophy—a form of pragmatism known as anomalous monism—to bear on religion, Levy offers a blueprint for one way that the humanities and natural sciences can have a mutually respectful dialogue. Levy argues that in order to understand religions we have to take their semantic content seriously. We need to rethink such basic concepts as narrative fiction, information, agency, creativity, technology, and intimacy. In the course of his argument, Levy considers the relation between two closely related semantics, fiction and religion, and outlines a new approach to information. He then applies his theory to discrete cases: ancient texts, modern media, and intimacy.
    Keywords: religion ; religious ; psychology ; evolution ; mind ; science ; philosophy ; Donald Davidson ; anomalous monism ; metaphysics ; language ; linguistics ; science studies ; fiction ; celebrity ; celebrities ; surprise ; comedy ; Joe Rogan ; narrative ; narratives ; myth ; myths ; cognition ; cognitive science ; Judaism ; alien ; aliens ; communication ; information ; intimacy ; semantics ; animal ; animals ; animal communication ; life ; life sciences ; origin of life ; two cultures ; anthropomorphism ; agency ; explanation of religion ; science and religion ; meaning ; systems theory ; animism ; cosmology ; monism ; dualism ; nature ; naturalistic approach ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAM Religious issues & debates ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTR Cognitive science ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPJ Philosophy: metaphysics & ontology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTK Cognitive studies ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A new, biologically driven model of human behavior in which reason is tethered to the evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. In Reason and Less, Vinod Goel explains the workings of the tethered mind. Reason does not float on top of our biology but is tethered to evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. After describing the conceptual and neuroanatomical basis of each system, Goel shows how they interact to generate a blended response. Goel's commonsense account drives human behavior back into the biology, where it belongs, and provides a richer set of tools for understanding how we pursue food, sex, and politics. Goel takes the reader on a journey through psychology (cognitive, behavioral, developmental, and evolutionary), neuroscience, philosophy, ethology, economics, and political science to explain the workings of the tethered mind. One key insight that holds everything together is that feelings—generated in old, widely conserved brain stem structures—are evolution's solution to initiating and selecting all behaviors, and provide the common currency for the different systems to interact. Reason is as much about feelings as are lust and the taste of chocolate cake. All systems contribute to behavior and the overall control structure is one that maximizes pleasure and minimizes displeasure. Tethered rationality has some sobering and challenging implications for such real-world human behaviors as climate change denial, Trumpism, racism, or sexism. They cannot be changed simply by targeting beliefs but will require more drastic measures, the nature of which depends on the specific behavior in question. Having an accurate model of human behavior is the crucial first step.
    Keywords: rational ; reasoning ; decision making ; instincts ; heuristics ; emotions ; feelings ; human nature ; irrational ; arational ; belief revision ; behavioral economics ; neural plasticity ; changing worldviews ; science denial ; human behavior ; human behaviour ; tethered rationality ; blended response ; brains ; neural development ; evolution ; minds ; politics ; conspiracy theories ; weight management ; climate change ; overeating ; lust ; sex ; food ; in group outgroup bias ; cheaters ; gender roles ; impeachment ; covid-19 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCK Behavioural economics
    Language: English
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