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  • 2020-2024  (167,818)
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  • 1
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    Ice sheet–free West Antarctica during peak early Oligocene glaciation (2024)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), ISSN: 0036-8075
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: One of Earth’s most fundamental climate shifts – the greenhouse-icehouse transition 34 Ma ago – initiated Antarctic ice-sheet build-up, influencing global climate until today. However, the extent of the ice sheet during the Early Oligocene Glacial Maximum (~33.7–33.2 Ma) that immediately followed this transition, a critical knowledge gap for assessing feedbacks between permanently glaciated areas and early Cenozoic global climate reorganization, is uncertain. Here, we present shallow-marine drilling data constraining earliest Oligocene environmental conditions on West Antarctica’s Pacific margin – a key region for understanding Antarctic ice sheet-evolution. These data indicate a cool-temperate environment, with mild ocean and air temperatures preventing West Antarctic Ice Sheet formation. Climate-ice sheet modeling corroborates a highly asymmetric Antarctic ice sheet, thereby revealing its differential regional response to past and future climatic change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    SEISMONOISY: A Quasi-Real-Time Seismic Noise Network Monitoring System (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: This paper introduces SEISMONOISY, an application designed for monitoring the spatiotemporal characteristic and variability of the seismic noise of an entire seismic network with a quasi-real-time monitoring approach. Actually, we have applied the developed system to monitor 12 seismic networks distributed throughout the Italian territory. These networks include the Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN) as well as other regional networks with smaller coverage areas. Our noise monitoring system uses the methods of Spectral Power Density (PSD) and Probability Density Function (PDF) applied to 12 h long seismic traces in a 24 h cycle for each station, enabling the extrapolation of noise characteristics at seismic stations after a Seismic Noise Level Index (SNLI), which takes into account the global seismic noise model, is derived. The SNLI value can be used for different applications, including network performance evaluation, the identification of operational problems, site selection for new installations, and for scientific research applications (e.g., volcano monitoring, identification of active seismic sequences, etc.). Additionally, it aids in studying the main noise sources across different frequency bands and changes in the characteristics of background seismic noise over time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3474
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: background seismic noise level; real time monitoring; seismic noise; seismic noise trend; seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    Carbon budget of methane seepages in the Haiyang 4 Area in the northern slope of the South China sea (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Highlights • All investigated sites are in quiescent stage. Multi layers of clam shell debris were the ancient sediment surfaces during high methane flux. • Current fluxes contribute to less than 2 wt % of authigenic carbonates and 2 wt % iron sulfide minerals being precipitated in 600-800 cm sediment. • The sequestration of carbon could be 〉 50 mmol C cm-2 yr-1 under current in situ condition. Abstract Methane seepage records information of the local carbon cycle with respect to the generation, consumption and sequestration of carbon. Here presents the investigation of 7 gravity cores retrieved in 2004 during cruise SO-177 in the Haiyang 4 Area at the northern slope of the South China Sea. Porewater solutes, sulfate, methane, total alkalinity, sulfide and calcium demonstrate currently the weak seep activity. Local carbon cycling and sequestration is also revealed, that dominates by anaerobic oxidation of biogenic methane to dissolved bicarbonate inducing calcium carbonate and iron sulfide minerals (mainly pyrite) precipitation. A reactive transport model was employed to quantify the carbon cycle and budget. Model results show that current methane fluxes contribute to less than 2 wt % of authigenic carbonates and 2 wt % iron sulfide minerals being precipitated in 600–800 cm sediment depth. The sequestration of carbon could be 〉 50 mmol C cm−2 yr−1 under in situ condition. The observed increase of carbonate and iron sulfide minerals at ∼100 cm, however, require higher methane fluxes to shift the zone of anaerobic oxidation of methane upwards to around 1 m below the seafloor, which have occurred during sea level low stands in the geological past. The oscillation of seepage flux contributed to the formation of multiple layers of authigenic carbonates and pyrite, which indicates the high capability of carbon sink and is speculated to be induced by the dissociation of the underlying hydrates triggered by sea level drop and or temperature increase.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 4
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    The formation and ventilation of an Oxygen Minimum Zone in a simple model for latitudinally alternating zonal jets (2024)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: An advection-diffusion model coupled to a simple dynamical ocean model is used to illustrate the formation and ventilation of an oxygen minimum zone. The advection-diffusion model carries a tracer mimicking oxygen, and the dynamical model is a non-linear 1 ½ layer reduced-gravity model. The latter is forced by an annually oscillating mass flux confined to the near-equatorial band that, in turn, leads to the generation of mesoscale eddies and latitudinally alternating zonal jets at higher latitudes. The model uses North Atlantic geometry and develops a tracer minimum zone remarkably similar in location to the observed oxygen minimum zone in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA). This is despite the absence of wind forcing and the shadow zone predicted by the ventilated thermocline theory. Although the model is forced only at the annual period, the model nevertheless exhibits decadal and multidecadal variability in its spun-up state. The associated trends are comparable to observed trends in oxygen within the ETNA oxygen minimum zone. Notable exceptions are the multi-decadal decrease in oxygen in the lower oxygen minimum zone, and the sharp decrease in oxygen in the upper oxygen minimum zone between 2006 and 2013.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Semihierarchical reconstruction and weak‐area revisiting for robotic visual seafloor mapping (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Despite impressive results achieved by many on‐land visual mapping algorithms in the recent decades, transferring these methods from land to the deep sea remains a challenge due to harsh environmental conditions. Images captured by autonomous underwater vehicles, equipped with high‐resolution cameras and artificial illumination systems, often suffer from heterogeneous illumination and quality degradation caused by attenuation and scattering, on top of refraction of light rays. These challenges often result in the failure of on‐land Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) approaches when applied underwater or cause Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) approaches to exhibit drifting or omit challenging images. Consequently, this leads to gaps, jumps, or weakly reconstructed areas. In this work, we present a navigation‐aided hierarchical reconstruction approach to facilitate the automated robotic three‐dimensional reconstruction of hectares of seafloor. Our hierarchical approach combines the advantages of SLAM and global SfM that are much more efficient than incremental SfM, while ensuring the completeness and consistency of the global map. This is achieved through identifying and revisiting problematic or weakly reconstructed areas, avoiding to omit images and making better use of limited dive time. The proposed system has been extensively tested and evaluated during several research cruises, demonstrating its robustness and practicality in real‐world conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Seasonal Dynamics of Organic Matter Turnover in the Arctic Ocean (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 7
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    Marine carbon dioxide removal by alkalinization should no longer be overlooked (2024)
    IOP
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: To achieve the Paris climate target, deep emissions reductions have to be complemented with carbon dioxide removal (CDR). However, a portfolio of CDR options is necessary to reduce risks and potential negative side effects. Despite a large theoretical potential, ocean-based CDR such as ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) has been omitted in climate change mitigation scenarios so far. In this study, we provide a techno-economic assessment of large-scale OAE using hydrated lime (‘ocean liming’). We address key uncertainties that determine the overall cost of ocean liming (OL) such as the CO2 uptake efficiency per unit of material, distribution strategies avoiding carbonate precipitation which would compromise efficiency, and technology availability (e.g., solar calciners). We find that at economic costs of 130–295 $/tCO2 net-removed, ocean liming could be a competitive CDR option which could make a significant contribution towards the Paris climate target. As the techno-economic assessment identified no showstoppers, we argue for more research on ecosystem impacts, governance, monitoring, reporting, and verification, and technology development and assessment to determine whether ocean liming and other OAE should be considered as part of a broader CDR portfolio.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
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  • 8
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    Geotechnische Implikationen rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen für die Erkundung und Überwachung von CO2-Speichern unter dem Meeresboden (2024)
    GEOSTOR/BGR
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Aufgabe Prinzip, Prozesse und Anforderungen der CO2 -Speicherung an den Untergrund sind bei Speicherstandorten unter dem Meeresboden nicht anders als an Land. Dennoch unterscheiden sich die erforderlichen Technologien, vor allem bei der Untersuchung der Standorte, der Errichtung und bei der Überwachung der Speicher (z.B. IEA-GHG 2015). Geotechnische Implikationen und Herausforderungen, die sich aus dem Kohlendioxid-Speicherungsgesetz (KSpG) und dem Treibhausgas-Emissionshandelsgesetz (TEHG) und insbesondere aus deren Anlagen und Ver- ordnungen für die Speicheruntersuchung und Überwachung im marinen Bereich ergeben, werden in diesem Be- richt zum AP5.2 des GEOSTOR Projektes beleuchtet. Diese werden den verfügbaren und den in AP 4 ‚Monitoring‘ zu entwickelnden Erkundungs- und Überwachungstechnologien gegenübergestellt. Bestehende Vorschläge für Er- kundungs- und Überwachungskonzepte, wie z.B. die EU „Guidance Documents“, werden mit den rechtlichen An- forderungen verglichen. Mögliche Konflikte zwischen Untersuchungs- und Überwachungsmethoden und Umwelt- schutzanforderungen oder konkurrierenden Nutzungen werden aufgezeigt (ergänzend zu den Arbeiten unter AP5.1), um weiteren Optimierungs- und Handlungsbedarf für die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen zur Einführung der marinen geologischen CO2 -Speicherung in der deutschen AWZ aufzuzeigen.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 9
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    Quantifying Impacts of Local Traffic Policies on PM Concentrations Using Low Cost Sensors in Berlin (2024)
    In:  Aerosol and Air Quality Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Urban air pollution remains a challenge in European cities, despite decades of improvement, especially with respect to recent updates to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) air quality guidelines in 2021. At the same time, a new generation of small sensors for air pollution measurement have opened up new avenues for understanding air pollution in cities. In this study, we use Plantower PMS 5003 sensors to measure PM2.5 alongside three local traffic policies implemented in 2020 and 2021. These measures include a new bike-lane and a temporary community space, as well as the creation of a pedestrian zone through the closure of a street to through-traffic. The measurement campaign used the sensors in both mobile and stationary deployments, utilizing their small size and lower cost to increase spatial and temporal resolution measurements. We calibrate the Plantower sensors using Schmitz et al.’s (2021) methodology and test three different models: multiple linear regression (MLR), gradient-boosting machines (GBM), and support vector machines (SVM). Results show that sensors are useful for measuring PM2.5. We also find no significant effect of any of the local transport policies on local concentrations of PM2.5, despite previous studies of these policies showing reductions in local NO2 concentrations. This indicates that larger-scale policies tackling urban and regional emissions of PM will be needed to improve PM concentrations and meet WHO standards.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    Deep Dive Hydrogen Economy – A Radical Alternative (2022)
    Foresight on Demand
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Key message: A decolonial approach is needed to fulfil IASC’s commitment to recognizing that Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous Knowledge and academic scientific knowledge are co-equal and complementary knowledge systems that all can and should inform its work (website ICARP IV, retrieved October 2023). This document summarizes key recommendations for actions regarding five themes: 1. Indigenous Peoples’ right to self-determination as a prerequisite for high-quality Arctic research 2. Ethics, methods and methodology as key for decolonial research 3. Indigenous-led research in design and practice 4. Indigenous Peoples’ co-equal participation in Arctic research funding structures and decision-making for securing decolonial Arctic research in practice 5. Funding for Co-Creative and Indigenous-Led Arctic Research
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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