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  • Taylor & Francis  (3,757)
  • transcript Verlag  (1,809)
  • Presses universitaires de Rennes  (1,388)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • 2020-2024  (7,213)
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  • 1
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    Estimating Bioturbation From Replicated Small‐Sample Radiocarbon Ages (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  EPIC3Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, American Geophysical Union, 36(7), ISSN: 2572-4517
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-22
    Description: Marine sedimentary records are a key archive when reconstructing past climate; however, mixing at the seabed (bioturbation) can strongly influence climate records, especially when sedimentation rates are low. By commingling the climate signal from different time periods, bioturbation both smooths climate records, by damping fast climate variations, and creates noise when measurements are made on samples containing small numbers of individual proxy carriers, such as foraminifera. Bioturbation also influences radiocarbon-based age-depth models, as sample ages may not represent the true ages of the sediment layers from which they were picked. While these effects were first described several decades ago, the advent of ultra-small-sample $^{14}$C dating now allows samples containing very small numbers of foraminifera to be measured, thus enabling us to directly measure the age-heterogeneity of sediment for the first time. Here, we use radiocarbon dates measured on replicated samples of 3-30 foraminifera to estimate age-heterogeneity for five marine sediment cores with sedimentation rates ranging from 2-30 cm kyr$^{-1}$. From their age-heterogeneities and sedimentation rates we infer mixing depths of 10-20 cm for our core sites. Our results show that when accounting for age-heterogeneity, the true error of radiocarbon dating can be several times larger than the reported measurement. We present estimates of this uncertainty as a function of sedimentation rate and the number of individuals per radiocarbon date. A better understanding of this uncertainty will help us to optimise radiocarbon measurements, construct age models with appropriate uncertainties and better interpret marine paleo records.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Tundra conservation challenged by forest expansion in a complex mountainous treeline ecotone as revealed by spatially explicit tree aboveground biomass modeling (2023)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  EPIC3Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, Taylor & Francis, 55(1), pp. 2220208-2220208, ISSN: 1523-0430
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: The subarctic forest tundra transition zone is one of the most vulnerable ecological regions worldwide and susceptible to climate change. Forest changes could lead to biodiversity losses when tundra areas become colonized. However, the impact of complex landscapes with barriers and channels for seed dispersal is highly understudied. Hence, we investigated potential tree aboveground biomass (AGB) change in mountainous central Chukotka (Siberia) with the individual-based spatially explicit vegetation model Larix vegetation simulator (LAVESI). In a climate sensitivity study, we simulate forest dynamics until 3000 CE for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) with and without hypothetical cooling after 2300 CE to twentieth-century levels. The current state and spatiotemporal dynamics of tree AGB are validated against field and satellite-derived data. Our results suggest densification of existing tree stands and a lagged forest expansion depending on the distance to the current tree line (~39 percent of the total study area, RCP 8.5) under all considered climate scenarios. In scenarios with cooling after 2300 CE, forests stopped expanding and then gradually retreated to their pre-twenty-first-century position (~10 percent, RCP 8.5). However, forest remnants remain in the colonized area, leaving an imprint of forests in former tundra areas, which will likely have an adverse impact on tundra biodiversity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    The Dunedin Volcanic Group and a revised model for Zealandia's alkaline intraplate volcanism (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: The intraplate rocks of the Dunedin Volcanic Group (DVG) in New Zealand’s South Island erupted in two discrete areas between 25 and 21 Ma before becoming distributed over 〉 7,800 km2 until ∼9 Ma. Although most eruptive centres were of small volume and mainly vented alkaline basanite, the largest centre–the 16–11 Ma composite Dunedin Volcano–discharged basanite and basalt through to trachyte and phonolite. DVG components were mainly derived from mantle sources with 87Sr/86Sr = ∼0.7029, 143Nd/144Nd = ∼0.5129, 206Pb/204Pb = ∼20.0, 207Pb/204Pb = ∼15.65, 208Pb/204Pb = 39.5 and εHf = +3.5 to + 10.1 that extended to anomalously light δ26Mg (−0.47). Exceptions are some potassic basalts in NW of the field with elevated 207Pb/204Pb and more radiogenic Sr. The DVG Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes mostly overlap with metasomatised anhydrous mantle peridotite xenoliths but have less radiogenic Hf, meaning that equivalent anhydrous mantle rock-types cannot be the sole magma sources. Although there is debate regarding whether DVG was derived from the lithospheric or asthenospheric mantle, intermittent melting of a middle lithospheric mantle metasomatised by hydrous asthenosphere-derived melts could account for: (1) the widely distributed magmatism for ∼16 Myr during which time Otago lithosphere shifted NW ∼ 870 km over the asthenosphere; (2) the small chemical range of the least evolved magmas; (3) the Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic range; and (4) an absence of lower lithosphere mantle xenoliths. This process could account for other occurrences of isotopically restricted Zealandia alkaline intraplate volcanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: 510-529
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Dunedin volcanic Group ; intraplate ; alkaline ; volcanism ; Zealandia ; Petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Drivers of winter ice formation on Arctic water bodies in the Lena Delta, Siberia (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  EPIC3Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, Taylor & Francis, 56(1), pp. 2350546-2350546, ISSN: 1523-0430
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-14
    Description: Arctic landscapes are characterized by diverse water bodies, which are covered with ice for most of the year. Ice controls surface albedo, hydrological properties, gas exchange, and ecosystem services, but freezing processes differ between water bodies. We studied the influence of geomor-phology and meteorology on winter ice of water bodies in the Lena Delta, Siberia. Electrical conductivity (EC) and stable water isotopes of ice cores from four winters and six water bodies were measured at unprecedented resolution down to 2-cm increments, revealing differences in freezing systems. Open-system freezing shows near-constant isotopic and EC gradients in ice, whereas closed-system freezing shows decreasing isotopic composition with depth. Lena River ice displays three zones of isotopic composition within the ice, reflecting open-system freezing that records changing water sources over the winter. The isotope composition of ice covers in landscape units of different ages also reflects the individual water reservoir settings (i.e., Pleistocene vs. Holocene ground ice thaw). Ice growth models indicate that snow properties are a dominant determinant of ice growth over winter. Our findings provide novel insights into the winter hydro-chemistry of Arctic ice covers, including the influences of meteorology and water body geomor-phology on freezing rates and processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Physiology of Reproduction in Porifera (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Sponges (Porifera) are one of the most ancient animals present on the planet. They are aquatic, filter-feeding sessile metazoans that rely on asexual and sexual reproduction. These animals have a long history on Earth and had plenty of time to develop different reproductive strategies. Here, we review different aspects of the physiology of reproduction in Porifera. This chapter is divided into six sections. In the first section, we present general features of sponge reproduction, such as factors that trigger the onset of their reproduction, as well as the periodicity of their reproductive cycles. The molecular basis of the hormonal control of gametogenesis is presented although sponges have no endocrine system. The second section deals with gametogenesis, 2including how sex and the germline are determined and maintained in this group, how oocytes and spermatozoa are formed and nourished, and how they behave once released. The third section reviews different topics about the reproductive mode. Here, we discuss the dichotomy in reproductive mode: oviparity vs. viviparity, the spatial distribution of the reproductive elements in the sponge tissue, the effect of symbiosis in reproduction (and vice-versa), and energetic trade-offs during reproduction. The fourth section describes fertilization, and we cover the factors controlling the spawning events and how the sperm are attracted and recognized by the egg. The diversity of developmental modes, the molecular control of sponge embryonic development, and the maternal-embryo relationship are discussed in the fifth section. Finally, in the sixth section, the types of asexual reproduction, factors influencing budding, gemmulation, hibernation, and gemmule development are described. Knowledge about the physiology of reproduction of sponges is still fragmentary and based on studies in very few species. Consequently, there are many generalizations that need further investigation. However, evidence-based on morphological, experimental, and molecular data demonstrates that their physiology is not very different from that of other metazoans
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Against the budget view in climate ethics (2022)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: The extent of our duties to mitigate climate change is commonly conceptualized in terms of temperature goals like the 1.5°C and the 2°C target and corresponding emissions budgets. While I do acknowledge the political advantages of any framework that is relatively easy to understand, I argue that this particular framework does not capture the true extent of our mitigation duties. Instead I argue for a more differentiated approach that is based on the well-known distinction between subsistence and luxury emissions. At the heart of this approach lies the argument that we have no budget of substantial, net-positive luxury emissions left. In a world in which dangerous climate change has begun, we must expect all further substantial, net-positive luxury emissions to cause harm. Since they lack the kind of justification needed for them to be nevertheless permissible, I conclude that we must stop emitting them with immediate effect. I also briefly discuss the difficult case of subsistence emissions and offer some first thoughts on the morality of a third category of emissions, what I call ‘transition emissions’.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    GPR investigations at San Nicolò Church: a case-study from the 1669 eruption in the old settlement of Misterbianco (Etna, Sicily) (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Misterbianco, located on the southern slope of Mt. Etna (eastern Sicily), was destroyed in the past by two catastrophic events that raised the old town to the ground. The first was the great eruption of 1669, whose lava front buried dozens of villages encountered along its path, entirely destroying the architectural heritage of Etna's southern flank. The second event was the disastrous 1693 Val di Noto earthquake, which caused major destruction throughout south-eastern Sicily, also damaging the few still standing buildings in the town. The GPR survey performed at this site, 350 years after the eruption, allowed a first attempt of planimetric reconstruction of the San Nicolò Church. Starting from the site history, we present the results of an integrated approach that involves history, volcanology and geophysics aimed at addressing future archaeological excavations for the protection of archaeological and monumental assets in a difficult setting as this volcanic environment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 42-50
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: GPR, SfM,cultural heritage,Etna, 1669 eruption ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Widerspiegelung (2021)
    transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Den Kern einer dialektischen und materialistischen Philosophie, die einen Weltbegriff begründen will, bildet die Kategorie »Widerspiegelung«. Sie hat primär eine ontologische und daraus abgeleitet eine erkenntnistheoretische Bedeutung. Ausgehend von Leibniz und Hegel, von Marx und Lenin hat Hans Heinz Holz in zahlreichen Publikationen eine Theorie der Widerspiegelung ausgearbeitet, die von einem exakten Gebrauch der Spiegelmetapher ausgeht. Im vorliegenden Band wird der systematische Gehalt des Widerspiegelungsbegriffs zusammengefasst und durch einen philosophiegeschichtlichen Rückblick vertieft.
    Keywords: Dialektik ; Grundlage der Philosophie ; Metapher ; Logik ; Systematische Philosophie ; Spiegel-Metapher ; Sprache ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Sprachphilosophie ; Philosophiegeschichte ; Philosophie ; Language ; Epistemology ; Philosophy of Language ; History of Philosophy ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFA Philosophy of language ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    Place-Based Scientific Inquiry (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Learn how to facilitate scientific inquiry projects by getting out of the classroom and connecting to the natural environment—in your schoolyard, or in your community! Providing a contemporary perspective on how to do scientific inquiry in ways that can make teachers’ lives easier and students’ experiences better, this book draws on authentic inquiry, engaging with communities, and teaching through project-based learning to help students design and carry out scientific inquiry projects that are grounded in their local places. This accessible guide will help you to develop skills around facilitation, team building, and learning outdoors in schoolyards and parks, acting as a go-to toolkit for teachers to help build confidence and skills in these areas. Written according to the Next Generation Science Standards, this book supports teachers in fostering community engagement and a justice-first classroom. The approachable resources included in this book will help teachers with all levels of experience succeed in empowering students grades 3–12 in their science learning. Additional support materials including template documents for student use and for teacher planning, as well as examples of real student work, are available online. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license
    Keywords: climate change ; instructional strategies ; NGSS ; outdoor education ; Science education ; teaching strategies
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Transstaatliche Räume (2021)
    transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Transstaatliche Räume sind verdichtete und relativ stabile ökonomische, politische, soziale und kulturelle Beziehungen zwischen Personen, Netzwerken und Organisationen, die Grenzen von Nationalstaaten überschreiten. Am Beispiel der Verflechtungen zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei beantworten die Beiträge folgende Fragen: Welche Formen grenzüberschreitender Tätigkeiten können wir bei Unternehmern, sozialen Bewegungen, Familien, religiösen Gemeinschaften und politischen OrgaÝ nisationen beobachten? Welche Konsequenzen haben dichte transstaatliche Netze für die Integration von ImmigrantInnen in DeutschÝ land und in der Türkei, für die Zivilgesellschaften und die beteiligten Staaten?
    Keywords: Political Science ; Globalization ; Space ; Politics ; European Politics ; International Relations ; Turkey ; Deutschland ; Einwanderung ; Staatsbürgerschaft ; Türkei ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSN International institutions ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1Q Other geographical groupings: Oceans and seas, historical, political etc::1QF Political, socio-economic, cultural and strategic groupings::1QFE EU (European Union)
    Language: German
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