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  • USGS57 biotite
  • soil organic carbon
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (18)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (3)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • 2020-2024  (21)
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  • 2020-2024  (21)
Year
  • 1
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    Fast-Growing Trees Species—Opportunities and Risks for Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Land Use Systems (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The articles in this Special Issue cover a very wide range of topics related to the cultivation, management and use of fast-growing tree species. In addition to research on breeding and on the influence of pruning practices on the height growth of paulownia, three articles deal with the influence of site characteristics and nutrient availability on the physiology and yield security of fast-growing tree species. Another article focuses on the modeling of soil carbon in Salix plantations, while the article by Boruszewski et al. reports on potentially suitable areas for the planting of fast-growing tree species in Poland. Zitzmann and Rode examine the impact of short-rotation plantation management on phytodiversity, while Helbig et al. deal with the influence of leaf feeding on the growth of poplars and willows. Finally, Hernandez-Estrada et al. describe the dry matter loss of poplar wood chips during storage.
    Keywords: woody biomass crops ; bioenergy ; biodiversity ; species richness ; flora ; vascular plants ; short rotation coppices ; poplars ; willows ; feeding simulation ; defoliation ; herbivory ; short rotation coppice ; phosphatase activity ; nutrient content ; growth stages ; biomass ; willow ; Salix ; capacity ; European larch ; fast-growing trees ; plantations ; plantation area ; poplar cultivar “Hybrid 275” ; sown area ; biomass production ; life cycle assessment ; climate impact ; soil organic carbon ; genotypic difference ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; Populus ; INRA 717-1B4 ; pyramidal plant habitus ; leaf petiole angle ; branch angle ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; carbon ; physiology ; F. mandshurica ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. ; photosynthetic vitality ; chlorophyll and phenol content ; nutrition supply ; dry matter yield ; land reclamation ; spring pruning ; year-long pruning ; branching ; angle diversion of sprout ; dry matter losses ; poplar wood chips ; laboratory scale ; cultivable saproxylic microbiota ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Land Degradation Assessment with Earth Observation (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue (SI) on “Land Degradation Assessment with Earth Observation” comprises 17 original research papers with a focus on land degradation in arid, semiarid and dry-subhumid areas (i.e., desertification) in addition to temperate rangelands, grasslands, woodlands and the humid tropics. The studies cover different spatial, spectral and temporal scales and employ a wealth of different optical and radar sensors. Some studies incorporate time-series analysis techniques that assess the general trend of vegetation or the timing and duration of the reduction in biological productivity caused by land degradation. As anticipated from the latest trend in Earth Observation (EO) literature, some studies utilize the cloud-computing infrastructure of Google Earth Engine to cope with the unprecedented volume of data involved in current methodological approaches. This SI clearly demonstrates the ever-increasing relevance of EO technologies when it comes to assessing and monitoring land degradation. With the recently published IPCC Reports informing us of the severe impacts and risks to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide, the EO scientific community has a clear obligation to increase its efforts to address any remaining gaps—some of which have been identified in this SI—and produce highly accurate and relevant land-degradation assessment and monitoring tools.
    Keywords: bfast ; Mann–Kendall ; Sen’s slope ; East Africa ; NDVI ; breakpoint analysis ; vegetation trends ; greening ; browning ; Kenya ; Uganda ; trend analysis ; land use ; land cover ; spatial heterogeneity ; mining development ; geographically weighted regression (GWR) ; Mann-Kendall ; arid and semi-arid areas ; salinization ; irrigated systems ; Niger River basin ; salinity index ; vegetation index ; TI-NDVI ; Sentinel-2 images ; high temporal resolution ; wind erosion modeling ; RWEQ ; GEE ; central Asia ; spatial-temporal variation ; land degradation ; archetypes ; self-organizing maps ; drivers ; savannah ; Nigeria ; reference levels ; REDD+ ; greenhouse gas emissions ; Xishuangbanna ; monitoring and reporting ; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ; Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) ; drought ; land use-land cover ; remote sensing ; Botswana ; developing countries ; Google Earth Engine ; Landsat time series analysis ; semi-arid areas ; sustainable land management programmes ; precipitation ; breakpoints and timeseries analysis ; ecosystem structural change ; BFAST ; land degradation neutrality ; SDG ; land productivity ; Landsat ; vegetation-precipitation relationship ; soil organic carbon ; Kobresia pygmaea community ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; Gaofen satellite ; spatial distribution ; aridity index ; satellite-based aridity index ; remote sensing index ; salinized land degradation index (SDI) ; Amu Darya delta (ADD) ; satellite imagery ; gully mapping ; machine learning ; random forest ; support vector machines ; South Africa ; semi-arid environment ; shrub encroachment ; slangbos ; Earth observation ; time series ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) ; Kyrgyzstan ; pastures ; MODIS ; land surface phenology ; drought impacts ; drought adaptation ; drought index ; vegetation resilience ; drought vulnerability ; standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index ; AVHRR ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Resilience in Soils and Land Use (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Currently, studies on land use in territorial planning are of interest, the purpose of which was previously to analyze the aptitude of each type of land for a specific use, based on its ability to assume impacts and the potential that the land may have had. The analysis of erosive risks constitutes a parameter to take into account in said management.The scientific community, given the enormous social interest in monitoring and controlling the environment, is developing methodologies that allow such control that is more efficient. One of the environmental factors to consider is the soil, which constitutes the support for life and is one of the basic natural elements, which is evident in the European Soil Charter, of the Council of Europe, which says, in its first point: “The soil is one of the most precious goods of Humanity. It allows the life of plants, animals and man on the surface of the Earth”. This European charter also highlights the scarcity and fragility of the edaphic resource, indicating that it must be protected through a greater effort in scientific research and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the rational use and conservation of soil.
    Keywords: agrarian ecosystem ; GIS ; geostatistics ; kriging ; soil mapping ; vegetation dynamics ; RUSLE ; sentinel-2 ; soil erosion ; wildfire ; land use ; landscape fragmentation ; remote sensing ; climate change ; erosion risk ; runoff ; A-DinSAR ; macrofungi ; field sampling ; fungal diversity ; Mediterranean forests ; Quercus ilex ; soil organic carbon ; soil erodibility ; terraced paddy field ; upland rice ; Thailand ; Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa) ; Amaranthus caudatus L. (achita) ; Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen (cañihua) ; ethnobotany ; Andean grains ; food uses ; medicinal uses ; edaphic resilience and crops ; flood mapping ; Sentinel-2 ; spectral indices ; cluster analysis ; soil organic matter ; recovery ; post-fire management ; Quercus pubescens Willd. ; Juniperus communis L. ; natural radioactivity ; spatial distribution ; IDW ; prediction maps ; groundwater ; drinking water ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Language: English
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    Remote Sensing Applications for Agriculture and Crop Modelling (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Crop models and remote sensing techniques have been combined and applied in agriculture and crop estimation on local and regional scales, or worldwide, based on the simultaneous development of crop models and remote sensing. The literature shows that many new remote sensing sensors and valuable methods have been developed for the retrieval of canopy state variables and soil properties from remote sensing data for assimilating the retrieved variables into crop models. At the same time, remote sensing has been used in a staggering number of applications for agriculture. This book sets the context for remote sensing and modelling for agricultural systems as a mean to minimize the environmental impact, while increasing production and productivity. The eighteen papers published in this Special Issue, although not representative of all the work carried out in the field of Remote Sensing for agriculture and crop modeling,
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; nitrogen nutrition index ; n/a ; soil organic carbon ; yield estimation ; hyperspectral sensor ; crop modeling ; crop residue management ; land use change ; flat-fan atomizer ; vegetation index ; septoria tritici blotch ; crop simulation model ; temporal variability ; spectral-weight variations in fused images ; plant ; EPIC model ; large cardamom ; crop inventory ; proximal sensing ; sorghum biomass ; soil ; UAV ; Integrated Administration and Control System ; canopy temperature depression ; fractional cover ; Cropsim-CERES Wheat ; hyperspectral data ; yield ; wheat ; precision farming ; SPAD ; AquaCrop ; prediction modeling ; spectral simulation ; leaf nitrogen concentration ; machine learning ; crop production ; protein content ; Á Trous algorithm ; spatial variability ; variable rate technology ; crop type mapping ; Tarim Basin ; leaf area index ; management zone ; irrigation ; multi-spectral ; agricultural land-cover ; crop modelling ; dynamic model ; satellite images ; climate change ; control variables ; generalized model ; Sentinel-2 satellite imagery ; vegetation indices ; vegetable monitoring ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; cultivars ; crop growth model ; yield monitoring ; big data technology ; conservation agriculture ; GIS ; fAPAR ; droplet drift ; simulation analysis ; durum wheat ; hydroponic ; grain yield ; Leaf Area Index ; NDVI ; precision agriculture ; relative frequencies ; soil stoichiometry ; habitat assessment ; data assimilation ; satellite ; species modelling ; ?13C ; disease ; nitrogen ; yield mapping ; UAV chemical application ; RGB images ; decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Soil Nitrogen Supply (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.
    Keywords: nitrification inhibitors ; soil type ; CO2 and N2O emissions ; soil nitrogen dynamic ; winter malting barley ; malting quality indices ; summer cover crops ; sunn hemp ; crimson clover ; seeding rate ; nitrogen management ; aerobic incubation ; CO2 production ; microbial metabolism ; enzyme activities ; active biomass ; gross mineralization/immobilization ; Bradyrhizobium ; attachment ; root ; biofilm ; lectin ; soybean ; soil ; hydrophobicity ; Brassica napus ; natural variation ; nitrogen nutrition ; root system architecture ; nitrogen ; miscanthus ; willow ; field experiment ; lettuce ; plant-based amendment ; rhizosphere ; rainfall simulator ; nutrient runoff ; ammonium ; nitrate ; nitrogen use efficiency ; biochar ; total nitrogen ; soil organic carbon ; nitrogen mineralization ; nitrification ; turfgrass ; residential landscapes ; landscape patches ; urban soils ; perennial peanut ; urban landscapes ; N mineralization ; C/N ratio ; crop residue ; N availability ; NBPT ; nitrification inhibitor ; half-life ; degradation rate constant ; nitrogen leaching ; autumn tillage ; no-till ; lysimeter ; field experiment network ; soil nitrogen mineralization ; soil properties ; cropping system ; modeling ; STICS model ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Differential Models, Numerical Simulations and Applications (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue includes 12 high-quality articles containing original research findings in the fields of differential and integro-differential models, numerical methods and efficient algorithms for parameter estimation in inverse problems, with applications to biology, biomedicine, land degradation, traffic flows problems, and manufacturing systems.
    Keywords: conservation laws ; feedback stabilization ; input-to-state stability ; numerical approximations ; nonlocal velocity ; macroscopic models ; traffic data ; gap analysis ; multi-phase models ; Volterra integral equations ; asymptotic-preserving ; numerical stability ; Cellular Potts model ; cell migration ; nucleus deformation ; microchannel device ; regularization theory ; multivariate stochastic processes ; cross-power spectrum ; magnetoencephalography ; MEG ; functional connectivity ; spectral complexity ; soil organic carbon ; RothC ; non-standard integrators ; Exponential Rosenbrock–Euler ; langevin equation ; Mean Field Games system ; kinetic Fokker–Planck equation ; hypoelliptic operators ; Caputo fractional derivative ; Allee effect ; existence and stability ; Hopf bifurcation ; implicit schemes ; optimal design ; soft tissue mechanics ; mutual information ; biaxial experiment ; inverse problems ; information theory ; LWR model ; follow-the-leader model ; phase transition ; creeping ; seepage ; fundamental diagram ; lane discipline ; networks ; aggregation equation ; relaxation limit ; scalar conservation law ; finite volume scheme ; differential equations ; mathematical biology ; microfluidic chip ; applied mathematics ; numerical methods ; computational mathematics ; differential and integro-differential models ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning.
    Keywords: carbon storage ; cacao agroforestry ; farmer tree preference ; utility value ; entrainment ; erosion ; forest conversion ; overland flow ; soil macroporosity ; throughfall ; water balance ; boundary work ; ecohydrology ; forest–water–people nexus ; landscape approach ; participatory methods ; scenario evaluation ; social-ecological systems ; tropical forests ; assisted natural regeneration (ANR) ; co-investment ; ecosystem services ; environmental stewardship ; equity ; forest and landscape restoration (FLR) ; rights-based approach ; tree planting ; water ; coffee ; fruit trees ; index of root anchoring ; slope stability ; soil shear strength ; root length density ; root tensile strength ; agroforestry ; carbon sequestration ; climate change mitigation ; grazing management ; land restoration ; nationally determined contribution ; silvopastoral ; tree cover ; cocoa agroforestry ; climate adaptation ; soil restoration ; soil organic carbon ; soil macro-porosity ; soil water availability ; inceptisols ; Fraxinus dimorpha ; soil chemical characteristics ; mycorrhizal attributes ; traditional ecological knowledge ; anastomosis ; agroforest ; silvopasture ; economics ; financial analysis ; carbon payment ; Peru ; innovation transfer ; trimming ; intention ; participatory and integrative research-extension ; stakeholders ; adaptation ; Kisumu ; Bungoma ; payment for ecosystem services ; village savings and loan associations ; fruit tree-based agroforestry ; economic benefits ; farmer perspectives ; resource competition ; systems improvement ; uptake and expansion ; cost-benefit analysis ; landscape restoration ; global ; stocktake ; agroforestry coffee ; shade tree species ; pairwise ranking ; Vietnam ; trees on farm ; options by context ; on-farm planned comparison ; tree seedling survival ; agriculture sector ; cost efficiency ; land suitability ; potential expansion areas ; representative concentration pathway ; cocoa ; Java ; livelihoods ; rural–urban ; remittances ; returning migrants ; Sumatra ; Sulawesi ; certification ; deforestation ; palm oil ; forest classification ; Jambi ; legality ; independent smallholders ; agroforestry concessions ; West Kalimantan ; land-use change ; belowground biodiversity ; soil engineers ; Pontoscolex corethrurus ; natural habitats ; planted forest ; artesian wells ; Oryza ; paddy cultivation ; restoration ; rodents ; sustainable intensification ; Mount Bromo-Tengger ; coinvestment ; instrumental values ; landscape ; relational values ; social–ecological systems ; stewardship ; sustainable development goals (SDGs) ; trees ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Soil degradation is one of the most topical environmental threats. A number of processes causing soil degradation, specifically erosion, compaction, salinization, pollution, and loss of both organic matter and soil biodiversity, are also strictly connected to agricultural activity and its intensification. The development and adoption of sustainable agronomic practices able to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. The Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation” collects 12 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and soil conservation. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including organic agriculture, soil amendment and soil organic carbon (SOC) management, the impact of SOC on soil water repellency, the effects of soil tillage on the quantity of SOC associated with several fractions of soil particles and depth, and SOC prediction, using visible and near-infrared spectra and multivariate modeling. Moreover, the effects of some soil contaminants (e.g., crude oil, tungsten, copper, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are discussed or reviewed in light of the recent literature. The collection of the manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides a relevant knowledge contribution for improving our understanding on sustainable agriculture and soil conservation, thus stimulating new views on this main topic.
    Keywords: Tungsten ; corn uptake ; soil characteristics ; Freundlich model ; Biolog® ; community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) ; functional diversity indices ; metabolic bacterial diversity ; olive ; soil fertility ; soil quality ; maize ; stomata ; soil ; phenanthrene ; remediation ; qualitative multi-attribute model ; total energy output ; agro-ecological service crops ; ex-post sustainability ; organic systems ; amendment ; biochar ; brewers’ spent grain ; hop ; image analysis ; plant growth ; Beerkan method ; infiltration ; forest restoration ; soil water repellency ; tillage ; fertilization ; soil depth ; organic carbon ; clay minerals ; diffuse reflectance ; infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy ; bioremediation ; composting ; PAHs ; organic co-substrates ; mulching ; flattening ; irrigation ; photosynthesis ; transpiration ; water stress integral ; fruit growth ; water use efficiency ; productivity ; soil organic matter ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; spatial heterogeneity ; multivariate adaptive regression splines ; partial least squares regression ; anaerobic digestion residues ; soil amendment ; soil fertilization ; soil organic C ; soil porosity ; soil microbial community ; copper ; rhizosphere ; smart agriculture ; microbes ; vineyard ; organic agriculture ; soil organic carbon ; soil management ; soil contamination ; soil remediation ; sustainable fruit growing ; water conservation practices ; multivariate statistical models for SOC prediction ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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    Soil Erosion and Sustainable Land Management (SLM) (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue titled “Soil Erosion and Sustainable Land Management” presents 13 chapters organized into four main parts. The first part deals with assessment of soil erosion that covers historical sediment dating to understand past environmental impacts due to tillage; laboratory simulation to clarify the effect of soil surface microtopography; integrated field observation and the random forest machine learning algorithm to assess watershed-scale soil erosion assessment; and developing the sediment delivery distributed (SEDD) model for sub-watershed erosion risk prioritization. In Part II, the factors controlling soil erosion and vegetation degradation as influenced by topographic positions and climatic regions; long-term land use change; and improper implementation of land management measures are well dealt with. Part III presents different land management technologies that could reduce soil erosion at various spatial scales; improve land productivity of marginal lands with soil microbes; and reclaim degraded farmland using dredged reservoir sediments. The final part relates livelihood diversification to climate vulnerability as well as the coping strategy to the adverse impacts of soil erosion through sustainable land management implementation which opens prospects for policy formulation. The studies cover regions of Africa, Europe, North America and Asia, being dominantly conducted under the framework of international scientific collaborations through employing a range techniques and scales, from the laboratory to watershed scales. We believe those unique features of the book could attract the interest of the wider scientific community worldwide.
    Keywords: Herfindahl–Simpson diversity index ; multivariate probit ; drought prone ; ordered probit ; livelihood diversification ; sustainable land management ; sediment ; land use ; erosion crises ; environmental impact ; climate change ; drought ; livelihood vulnerability ; Shannon-entropy index ; splash erosion ; rainfall simulator ; splash cup ; soil loss ; soil detachment ; disdrometer ; rainfall kinetic energy ; polyacrylamide ; gypsum ; lime ; runoff ; dryland ; Erosion rate ; ANFIS ; ANN ; SVM ; Shihmen Reservoir watershed ; Acacia decurrens ; Eucalyptus ; drought-prone ; highland ; midland ; lowland ; marginal soil ; land degradation ; endemic plant species ; soil microbes ; arid regions ; bacteria ; degraded land ; fungi ; ITS ; microbial community ; restoration ; 16S rRNA ; Gully Land Consolidation ; backfilled loess ; physical-mechanical property ; microstructural characteristic ; pore size distribution ; sediment transport ; soil erosion ; RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model) ; human activities ; sediment delivery distributed model ; sediment yield ; SEDD ; sediment delivery ratio ; β coefficient ; micro-dam ; sedimentation ; reclaimed farmland ; constructability ; Ethiopian highlands ; soil organic carbon ; structure stability ; soil type ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Renewable Energy Production from Energy Crops and Agricultural Residues (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Energies is open to submissions for a Special Issue on “Renewable Energy Production from Energy Crops and Agricultural Residues”. Biomass represents an important source of renewable and sustainable energy production. Its increasing consumption is mainly related to the increase in global energy demand and fossil fuel prices, but also to a lower environmental impact compared to non-renewable fuels. These factors take RED II directives into consideration. In the past, forestry interventions were the main supply source of biomass, but in recent decades two others sources have entered the international scene. These are dedicated energy crops and agricultural residues, which are important sources of biomass for biofuel and bioenergy. Below, we consider four main value chains: • Oil crops: Oil production from non-food oilseed crops (such as camelina, Crambe, safflower, castor, cuphea, cardoon, etc.), oil extraction, and oil utilization for fuel production. • Lignocellulosic crops: Biomass production from perennial grasses (miscanthus, giant reed, switchgrass, reed canary grass, etc.), woody crops (willow, poplar, Robinia, eucalyptus, etc.), and agricultural residues (pruning, maize cob, maize stalks, wheat chaff, sugar cane straw, etc.), considering two main transformation systems: 1. Electricity/heat production 2. Second-generation ethanol production • Carbohydrate crops (cereals, sweet sorghum, sugar beets, sugar cane, etc.) for ethanol production. • Fermentable crops (maize, barley, triticale, Sudan grass, sorghum, etc.) and agricultural residues (chaff, maize stalks and cob, fruit and vegetable waste, etc.) for production of biogas and/or biomethane.
    Keywords: bioenergy ; crop by-products ; harvesting methods ; maize cob ; wheat chaff ; combine harvesting ; olive groves ; pruning ; stationary chipper ; harvesting system ; hog fuel ; pruning supply chain ; populus ; biomass ; yield energy value ; lower heating value ; ash content ; sulphur ; circular bioeconomy ; oil crops ; agricultural residues ; thermophysical and chemical features ; wheat ; straw ; weed seed ; biocommodity ; threshing ; pruning harvesting ; biomass quality ; slope ; work productivity ; bioresource ; cereals ; commodity ; harvest index ; staple foods ; triticum ; Miscanthus x giganteus ; environmental impact ; agricultural production ; digestate ; eucalyptus ; woody biomass ; storage of fine wood chips ; moisture content ; calorific value ; dry matter loss ; Eucalyptus ; tree whole stem ; firewood logs ; storage system ; renewable energy ; harvesting ; suitable areas ; Central Italy ; Corine Land Cover ; short rotation coppice ; Salix ; genotype × site interaction ; nitrogen content ; sulphur content ; willow biomass ; soil organic carbon ; life cycle assessment ; spatial analysis ; greenhouse gas emissions ; energy return on investment ; lignocellulosic biomass ; hydrothermal pretreatment ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; sugar yield ; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis ; externalities ; economic analysis ; willow biomass production ; new varieties ; sustainable production ; renewable energy sources ; biofuels ; agriculture residues ; forecasting ; modelling ; Poland ; work performance ; harvesting loss ; fuelwood ; cable yarder ; CO2 emission ; pine plantations ; time study ; energy efficiency ; agroenvironmental mapping ; energy crop ; Jatropha curcas L. ; land suitability ; bio-based supply chains ; integrated biomass logistical center ; mixed integer programming model ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Space for Sustainability: Using Data from Earth Observation to Support Sustainable Development Indicators (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Achieving the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires accurate, consistent and cost-efficient data. The papers in this book set out some of the frontiers regarding the use of Earth Observation (EO) data derived from satellites to help populate sustainable development indicators. It sets out the current challenges and opportunities in the field along with some case studies from around the world illustrating applications, such as exploring the use of EO for tracking SDG indicators using population grids to assessing resilience to extreme events such as flooding. Likewise, it covers diverse approaches that offer insights and guidance on environmental land management, desertification and support for evaluating education from space.
    Keywords: earth observation ; end-users ; environmental management ; land use ; Brazil ; Sustainable Development Goals ; hazards ; Earth observations ; remote sensing ; demography ; urbanization ; gridded population ; very high resolution satellite data ; habitat suitability ; habitat assessment ; Environmental Land Management ; monitoring ; verification ; reporting ; soil organic carbon ; soil organic matter ; Earth Observation ; SDGs ; indicator type ; data challenges ; UN sustainable development goals ; education ; socio-economic ; overcrowded schools ; vulnerability ; flooding ; Earth Observation (EO) ; Google Street View (GSV) ; climate change ; uncertainty evaluation ; desertification ; global change ; Earth observation ; planetary measurement ; Land Degradation Neutrality ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    Soil Improving Cropping Systems for Sustainable and Profitable Farming in Europe (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: A major challenge for the future is combining both the profitability and sustainability of agriculture. The European H2020 project SoilCare aims to identify, test, and evaluate soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) which contribute to the implementation of agricultural solutions across Europe (See: https://soilcare-project.eu/en/ for the project website). The project includes 16 study sites distributed across Europe. Each study site implemented short-term experiments during the duration of the project, and most also ran long-term experiments comparing soil quality as a function of different treatments, such as soil amendments, tillage, cover crops, nutrients, and organic matter inputs. In addition, eight work-packages assess different aspects encompassing reviewing the soil-improving cropping systems, the participatory analysis of implementation and selection, methodology and analysis, upscaling at the European level, policy analysis and support, and dissemination and communication. In this way, SoilCare works on a providing a holistic approach to soil quality, spanning from biophysical to human interactions at different scales. In this Special Issue, we aim to compile scientific findings on soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) based on field experiments, including the study of policy, upscaling, and dissemination.
    Keywords: soil quality assessment ; sewage sludge ; long-term effect ; Mediterranean soils ; soil erosion ; soil-improving crop systems ; sustainable land management ; sustainable agriculture ; soil improving practices ; crop response ; weather conditions ; Podzol soil ; Bland–Altman statistics ; soil organic carbon ; soil-water content ; no-till ; reduced tillage ; manure ; compost ; soil care ; nitrous oxide ; N2O ; carbon dioxide ; CO2 ; greenhouse gas ; compaction ; earthworms ; direct drilling ; bulk density ; conservation agriculture ; no tillage ; minimum tillage ; principal component analysis ; soil quality index ; scoring function ; deliberative democracy ; q-methodology ; regenerative agriculture ; soil conservation ; Pisum sativum L. ; organic manure ; NPK ; pH ; SOM ; macronutrients ; nutrient content ; degree of compaction ; soil penetration resistance ; relative normalised density ; air-filled porosity ; tillage ; straw incorporation ; bio-drilling crops ; subsoiling ; crop productivity ; crop residue ; crop rotation ; crop yield ; environmental effects ; irrigation ; nutrient management ; resource use ; soil-improving cropping systems ; soil quality ; agriculture ; sustainability frameworks ; socio-economic and environmental indicators ; soil land management ; agricultural advisory services ; soil health ; governance ; agricultural advisers ; sustainable soil management ; soil policy ; advice ; compacted subsoils ; mechanized agriculture ; smallholder agriculture ; soil bulk density ; sustainability framework ; overall sustainability ; costs and benefits ; cover crops ; adoption ; crop management ; environmental dimension ; sociocultural dimension ; economic dimension ; large-scale modelling ; Europe ; SOC stocks ; scenarios ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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    Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Naturally and Experimentally Assembled Communities (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint presents two reviews and thirteen research articles dealing with a broad range of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Each article provides in-depth discussion of the various aspects of BEF relationships in naturally and experimentally assembled communities. This reprint will help to substantially deepen our understanding of BEF interactions and elaborate biodiversity conservation in a changing world. Thus, this publication is not only of interest to scientists in the field, but also for students, university teachers, policymakers, and those who are interested in BEF in general.
    Keywords: scaling exponent ; cereal–legume ; weed competition ; species mixtures ; nutrient accumulation ; plant–plant interaction ; anthropogenic disturbances ; aquatic insect ; environmental gradients ; heavy metals ; industrial pollution ; wastewater treatment plant ; plant diversity loss ; soil multifunctionality ; fungal diversity ; saprotrophic fungi ; rare microbial taxa ; autotroph-herbivore interactions ; feeding behaviour ; macroalgae ; marine herbivores ; nutrient acquisition ; microbial diversity ; microbial community composition ; 16s rRNA gene ; rice–fish co-culture ; rice monoculture ; Erxianyan peatland ; Sphagnum palustre ; core microbiome ; function prediction ; snub-nosed monkey ; village development ; habitat quality ; InVEST model ; conservation policies ; species conservation ; biofilm ; diatoms ; rivers ; Greece ; model simulations ; Ailuropoda melanoleuca ; Niba Mountain corridor ; suitable habitat ; habitat selection ; principal component analysis ; biodiversity ; climate ; theory ; metal ; determinism ; randomness ; biogeography ; bioclimatology ; paddy field ; soil organic carbon ; soil total nitrogen ; fire ; functional traits ; saline flat regions ; halophytes ; biomass allocation ; desalination ; Tulipa spp. ; elemental variability ; plant nutrients ; phytogeographical units ; edaphic variations ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; agroecosystem ; genetic diversification ; indica–japonica rice ; molecular fingerprint ; natural hybridization ; Oryza sativa ; big data mining ; carbonic anhydrase ; extreme ecosystems ; horizontal gene transfer ; hydrothermal vents ; mobile genetic elements ; thermophilic microbiome ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    Carbon and Nutrient Transfer via Above and Belowground Litter in Forests (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint highlights the ecological importance of forest litter in nutrient cycling, the sequestration of soil carbon, and the formation of soil organic matter. The results presented would be of great importance for the improvement of forest services against the background of the global climate change scenario.
    Keywords: litter input and output ; litter carbon budget ; mountain forest stream ; riparian zone ; soil macronutrient stocks ; Masson pine plantations ; controlling factors ; chronosequence ; bacterial community ; forest succession ; forest variables ; fungal community ; non-woody debris ; soil biodiversity ; soil compaction ; natural soil recovery ; decompaction processes ; freeze–thaw process ; boreal forests ; sampling bulk density ; decomposition ; extreme weather event ; leaching ; plant growth form ; stoichiometry ; acid hydrolysable components ; litter decomposition ; snow cover ; winter ; litter humification ; humus accumulation ; reduced snow cover ; alpine forest ; leaf litter decomposition ; habitat types ; microbial community ; phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) ; individual PLFA ; soil organic carbon ; microbial community composition ; plant invasion ecology ; forest gap ; carbon release ; elevation ; subalpine forest ; soil fauna ; humic substances ; humic acid ; fulvic acid ; humification degree ; nutrient reuse strategy ; nutrient limitation ; ecological stoichiometric ratios ; mature and senescent leaves ; subtropical forest plantation ; litterfall ; allometric relationships ; forest management practice ; cypress plantation ; litter quantity ; nutrient content ; return of nutrients ; subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ; extreme weather disturbance ; litter C quality ; soil C sequestration ; dissolved organic C ; acid-unhydrolyzable residues ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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    Agroecological Approaches for Soil Health and Water Management (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: In the last century, innovations in agricultural technologies centered on maximizing food production to feed the growing population have contributed to significant changes in agroecosystem processes, including carbon, nutrients, and water cycling. There are growing concerns regarding soil fertility depletion, soil carbon loss, greenhouse gas emissions, irrigational water scarcity, and water pollution, affecting soil health, agricultural productivity, systems sustainability, and environmental quality. Soils provide the foundation for food production, soil water and nutrient cycling, and soil biological activities. Therefore, an improved understanding of biochemical pathways of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling, microbial community involved in regulating soil health, and soil processes associated with water flow and retention in soil profile helps design better agricultural systems and ultimately support plant growth and productivity. This book, Agroecological Approaches in Soil and Water Management, presents a collection of original research and review papers studying physical, chemical, and biological processes in soils and discusses multiple ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, nutrients and water cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, and agro-environmental sustainability. We covered tillage, nutrients, irrigation, amendments, crop rotations, crop residue management practices for improving soil health, soil C and nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, soil water dynamics, and hydrological processes.
    Keywords: land use change ; tillage ; fertilization ; N2O fluxes ; subtropical region ; paddy field ; soil organic carbon ; denitrification decomposition (DNDC) ; climate change ; biochar ; food security ; socio-economics benefits ; sustainable agriculture ; sustainable environment ; evaluation of soil and water conservation ; simulated rainfall events ; soil denudation ; water and sediment process ; nitrogen ; nitrate leaching ; nitrous oxide ; soil resilience ; soil microbiome ; regenerative agriculture ; ecological ditch ; agroforestry ; conservation agriculture ; Europe ; North Africa ; nutrient retention ; organic agriculture ; soil conservation ; water conservation ; sodium adsorption ratio ; relative feed value, forage nutritive value ; oat ; alfalfa ; forage crops ; alternative water source ; agriculture landscape ; chlorophyll content of citrus ; landscape position ; soil properties ; terraces ; soil health indicators ; grazing systems ; permanganate oxidizable carbon ; soil microbial biomass ; carbon ; isotopic signature ; Mustang ; natural abundance ; nutrient sourcing ; maize equivalent yield ; nutrient loss ; runoff ; soil loss ; slope ; strip-intercropping ; water use efficiency ; structure optimization ; carbon footprint ; multi-objective linear programming ; circular agriculture ; hydrogel ; soil quality ; chemico-physical properties ; sustainability ; macronutrient ; nutrient deficiency ; nutrient uptake ; site-specific nutrient management ; soil organic matter ; soil biodiversity ; bacteria ; fungi ; microarthropods ; diatoms ; metataxonomic assays ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    Tropical Forest Ecology and Management for the Anthropocene (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This Special Issue looks forward as well as backward to best analyze the forest conservation challenges of the Caribbean. This is made possible by 75 years of research and applications by the United States Department of Agriculture, International Institute of Tropical Forestry (the Institute) of Puerto Rico. It transforms Holocene-based scientific paradigms of the tropics into Anthropocene applications and outlooks of wilderness, managed forests, and urban environments. This volume showcases how the focus of the Institute’s programs is evolving to support sustainable tropical forest conservation despite uncertain conditions. The manuscripts showcased here highlight the importance of shared stewardship and a long-term, hands-on approach to conservation, research programs, and novel organizations intended to meet contemporary conservation challenges. Policies relevant to the Anthropocene, as well as the use of experiments to anticipate future responses of tropical forests to global warming, are reexamined in these pages. Urban topics include how cities can co-produce new knowledge to spark sustainable and resilient transformations. Long-term results and research applications of topics such as soil biota, migratory birds, tropical vegetation, substrate chemistry, and the tropical carbon cycle are also described in the volume. Moreover, the question of how to best use land on a tropical island is addressed. This volume is intended to be of interest to all actors involved in long-term sustainable forest management and research in light of the historical lessons and future directions that may come out of a better understanding of tropical cities and forests in the Anthropocene epoch.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; n/a ; Ca/Al relationship ; soil organic carbon ; trees ; N/P ratios ; humid tropical forests ; ?15N ; element concentration ; leaf C and N densities ; tropical deforestation ; tropical forest area ; hurricane ; U.S. Forest Service Planning Rule ; El Yunque National Forest ; conservation ; leaf mass per area ; knowledge infrastructures ; knowledge systems ; idiom of co-production ; disturbance ; Puerto Rico ; novel forests ; annual cycle ; latitude ; experiments ; Tropical Forest Management ; secondary forests ; mature forests ; American tropics ; stoichiometry of leaf litter ; allometry ; communications ; contemporary conservation ; and N/P ratios ; succession ; photosynthetic nitrogen use-efficiency ; biomass ; litter ; basal area ; knowledge systems analysis ; tropical ; Long-Term Ecological Research ; naturalized species ; Guánica ; Caribbean ; knowledge co-production ; C/N ; C/P ; volume expansion factors ; tropical forest ; wood ; strategic teams ; dry tropical forests ; tree plantations ; species composition ; climate change ; cities ; Tropical Forest Conservation ; Nearctic-Neotropical ; vision ; forest inventory data ; large-scale ; tropical forest management ; microbiota ; soil biota ; adaptive management ; Luquillo Experimental Forest ; Tropical Forestry Research ; nitrogen fixing trees ; species dominance ; long-term ecological research ; network governance ; leadership ; Forest Service ; ?13C ; elevation ; Anthropocene ; tropical karst ; geospatial analyses ; manipulations ; gradients ; landscape conservation ; element concentration in leaf litter ; tropical agriculture ; land use planning ; tropical forests ; carry over effects ; invertebrates ; introduced species ; land use governance ; long-term
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    Disturbance Effects on Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Forest Ecosystems (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forest ecosystems are often disturbed by agents such as harvesting, fire, wind, insects and diseases, and acid deposition, with differing intensities and frequencies. Such disturbances can markedly affect the amount, form, and stability of soil organic carbon in, and the emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2, CH4, and N2O from, forest ecosystems. It is vitally important that we improve our understanding of the impact of different disturbance regimes on forest soil carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions to guide our future research, forest management practices, and policy development. This Special Issue provides an important update on the disturbance effects on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in forest ecosystems in different climate regions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; greenhouse gas emission ; heterotrophic respiration ; Camellia oleifera ; Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr ; soil microbial residue ; assisted natural regeneration ; soil organic carbon ; soil carbon sequestration ; soil CO2 ; surface soil layer ; landform ; anthropogenic effect ; South Korea ; CO2 effluxes ; storm damage ; microbial properties ; calcareous soil ; land use pattern ; soil total nitrogen ; generation ; tree mortality ; land use types ; forest conversion ; DCD ; carbon source–sink ; stoichiometric ratios ; autotrophic respiration ; N2O ; CO2 emission ; organic carbon mineralization ; CH4 emissions ; clear-cutting ; CO2 production and diffusion ; soil quality ; nitrification inhibitor ; organic carbon accumulation ; climate change mitigation ; global change ; greenhouse gas inventory ; warming ; soil properties ; bacterial community ; sensitivity ; soil characteristics ; forest ; insect outbreak ; biochar ; nitrous oxide ; CO2 ; soil respiration ; land-use change ; decomposition ; soil ; natural forest ; calcareous soils ; greenhouse gas ; forest soils ; karst graben basin ; plantation ; rocky desertification ; fitting parameters ; temperature ; forest disturbance ; microbe ; subtropical forest ; N addition ; carbon stock changes ; IPCC ; next-generation sequencing ; nitrogen ; N2O emissions ; red soils ; CH4 ; coastal wetlands ; CO2 emissions ; stand age ; successive planting ; plum plantation ages ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Soil, Water and Nitrates Management in Horticultural Production (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Soil, water, and nitrogen management are critical for crop productivity and quality in horticulture as well as for reducing negative impacts on ecosystems and greenhouse gas emissions. This Special Issue is a collection of seven important research works addressing solutions or strategies that can be implemented in order to use these three factors of production in a more sustainable way and to reduce inorganic nitrogen applications by considering the great importance of circular agriculture and the use of microorganisms. Aside from the relevance of the topics in this Special Issue, the studies included within it may trigger the development of new strategies for more sustainable and environmentally friendly intensive agriculture.
    Keywords: drip irrigation ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; water relations ; N and P status ; soil organic carbon ; osmoregulation ; sugar accumulation ; water stress ; xylem tissue ; mulching film ; Trichoderma ; Lactuca sativa L. ; nitrogen dose ; nutritional quality ; yield ; sustainability ; by-products ; recycle ; smart agriculture ; nitrogen efficiency ; soil organic matter ; acidic soil ; pH ; nitrogen ; nutrient uptake ; photosynthetic pigments ; antioxidant activity ; Spinacia oleracea ; hexavalent Cr ; photosynthesis ; phosphorus uptake ; Cr(VI) tissue ; leaf characteristics ; purslane ; soil contamination ; heavy metals ; Ginger (Zingiber officinale) ; biochar ; plant growth ; root morphological traits ; chlorophyll content ; soil enzymes ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Non‐exchangeable stable hydrogen isotope ratios in clay minerals and soil clay fractions: A method test (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H values) in structural hydroxyl groups of pedogenic clay minerals are inherited from the surrounding water at the time of their formation. Only non‐exchangeable H preserves the environmental forensic and paleoclimate information (δ2Hn value). To measure δ2Hn values in structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions, we adapted a steam equilibration method by accounting for high hygroscopicity. Our δ2Hn values for USGS57 biotite (−95.3 ± SD 0.9‰) and USGS58 muscovite (30.7 ± 1.4‰) differed slightly but significantly from the reported δ2H values (−91.5 ± 2.4‰ and −28.4 ± 1.6‰), because the minerals contained 1.1%–4.4% of exchangeable H. The low SD of replicate measurements (n = 3) confirmed a high precision. The clay separation method including destruction of Fe oxides, carbonates and soil organic matter, and dispersion did not significantly change the δ2Hn values of five different clay minerals. However, we were unable to remove all organic matter from the soil clay fractions resulting in an estimated bias of 1‰ in two samples and 15‰ in the carbon‐richest sample. Our results demonstrate that δ2Hn values of structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions can be reliably measured without interference from atmospheric water and the method used to separate the soil clay fraction. Highlights We tested steam equilibration to determine stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay. Gas‐tight capsule sealing in Ar atmosphere was necessary to avoid remoistening. Our steam equilibration method showed a high accuracy and precision. The clay separation method did not change stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; controlled isotope exchange technique ; deuterium ; montmorillonite ; soil clay separation ; soil organic matter removal ; steam equilibration ; structural H ; USGS57 biotite ; vermiculite ; δ2H
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    Potential erodibility of semi‐arid steppe soils derived from aggregate stability tests (2022)
    Koza, Moritz ; Pöhlitz, Julia ; Prays, Aleksey ; [et al.]
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-26
    Description: Erosion is a severe threat to the sustainable use of agricultural soils. However, the structural resistance of soil against the disruptive forces steppe soils experience under field conditions has not been investigated. Therefore, 132 topsoils under grass‐ and cropland covering a large range of physico‐chemical soil properties (sand: 2–76%, silt: 18–80%, clay: 6–30%, organic carbon: 7.3–64.2 g kg−1, inorganic carbon: 0.0–8.5 g kg−1, pH: 4.8–9.5, electrical conductivity: 32–946 μS cm−1) from northern Kazakhstan were assessed for their potential erodibility using several tests. An adjusted drop‐shatter method (low energy input of 60 Joule on a 250‐cm3 soil block) was used to estimate the stability of dry soil against weak mechanical forces, such as saltating particles striking the surface causing wind erosion. Three wetting treatments with various conditions and energies (fast wetting, slow wetting, and wet shaking) were applied to simulate different disruptive effects of water. Results indicate that aggregate stability was higher for grassland than cropland soils and declined with decreasing soil organic carbon content. The results of the drop‐shatter test suggested that 29% of the soils under cropland were at risk of wind erosion, but only 6% were at high risk (i.e. erodible fraction 〉60%). In contrast, the fast wetting treatment revealed that 54% of the samples were prone to become “very unstable” and 44% “unstable” during heavy rain or snowmelt events. Even under conditions comparable to light rain events or raindrop impact, 53–59% of the samples were “unstable.” Overall, cropland soils under semi‐arid conditions seem much more susceptible to water than wind erosion. Considering future projections of increasing precipitation in Kazakhstan, we conclude that the risk of water erosion is potentially underestimated and needs to be taken into account when developing sustainable land use strategies. Highlights Organic matter is the important binding agent enhancing aggregation in steppe topsoils. Tillage always declines aggregate stability even without soil organic carbon changes. All croplands soil are prone to wind or water erosion independent of their soil properties. Despite the semi‐arid conditions, erosion risk by water seems higher than by wind.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; climate change ; land use ; soil organic carbon ; soil texture ; water erosion ; wind erosion
    Language: English
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    Optimised use of data fusion and memory‐based learning with an Austrian soil library for predictions with infrared data (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Infrared spectroscopy in the visible to near‐infrared (vis–NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) regions is a well‐established approach for the prediction of soil properties. Different data fusion and training approaches exist, and the optimal procedures are yet undefined and may depend on the heterogeneity present in the set and on the considered scale. The objectives were to test the usefulness of partial least squares regressions (PLSRs) for soil organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉), total nitrogen (N〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) and pH using vis–NIR and MIR spectroscopy for an independent validation after standard calibration (use of a general PLSR model) or using memory‐based learning (MBL) with and without spiking for a national spectral database. Data fusion approaches were simple concatenation of spectra, outer product analysis (OPA) and model averaging. In total, 481 soils from an Austrian forest soil archive were measured in the vis–NIR and MIR regions, and regressions were calculated. Fivefold calibration‐validation approaches were carried out with a region‐related split of spectra to implement independent validations with n ranging from 47 to 99 soils in different folds. MIR predictions were generally superior over vis–NIR predictions. For all properties, optimal predictions were obtained with data fusion, with OPA and spectra concatenation outperforming model averaging. The greatest robustness of performance was found for OPA and MBL with spiking with 〈italic toggle="no"〉R〈/italic〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 ≥ 0.77 (N), 0.85 (SOC), 0.86 (pH) and 0.88 (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) in the validations of all folds. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of OPA for vis–NIR and MIR spectra with MBL and spiking has a high potential to accurately estimate properties when using large‐scale soil spectral libraries as reference data. However, the reduction of cost‐effectiveness using two spectrometers needs to be weighed against the potential increase in accuracy compared to a single MIR spectroscopy approach.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; data fusion ; independent validation ; infrared spectroscopy ; MBL ; nitrogen ; outer product analysis ; pH ; soil organic carbon ; spiking ; total carbon
    Language: English
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