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  • 2020-2024  (167,711)
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  • 1
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    Richness, growth, and persistence of life under an Antarctic ice shelf (2022)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Current Biology, Elsevier, 32(18), pp. 4101-4101, ISSN: 0960-9822
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Warship wrecks and their munition cargos as a threat to the marine environment and humans: The V 1302 “JOHN MAHN” from World War II (2023)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3The Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier, 857(Pt 1), pp. 159324-159324, ISSN: 0048-9697
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: In addition to endangering sea traffic, cable routes, and wind farms, sunken warship wrecks with dangerous cargo, fuel, or munitions on board may emerge as point sources for environmental damage. Energetic compounds such as TNT (which could leak from these munitions) are known for their toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. These compounds may cause potential adverse effects on marine life via contamination of the marine ecosystem, and their entry into the marine and human food chain could directly affect human health. To ascertain the impending danger of an environmental catastrophe posed by sunken warships, the North Sea Wrecks (NSW) project (funded by the Interreg North Sea Region Program) was launched in 2018. Based on historical data (derived from military archives) including the calculated amount of munitions still on board, its known location and accessibility, the German World War II ship “Vorpostenboot 1302” (former civilian name - “JOHN MAHN”) was selected as a case study to investigate the leakage and distribution of toxic explosives in the marine environment. The wreck site and surrounding areas were mapped in great detail by scientific divers and a multibeam echosounder. Water and sediment samples were taken in a cross-shaped pattern around the wreck. To assess a possible entry into the marine food chain, aged mussels were exposed at the wreck, and wild fish (pouting), a sedentary species that stays locally at the wreck, were caught. All samples were analyzed for the presence of TNT and derivatives thereof by GC–MS/MS analysis. As a result, we could provide evidence that sunken warship wrecks emerge as a point source of contamination with nitroaromatic energetic compounds leaking from corroding munitions cargo still on board. Not only did we find these explosive substances in bottom water and sediment samples around the wreck, but also in the caged mussels as well as in wild fish living at the wreck. Fortunately so far, the concentrations found in mussel meat and fish filet were only in the one-digit ng per gram range thus indicating no current concern for the human seafood consumer. However, in the future the situation mayworsen as the corrosion continues. Fromour study, it is proposed that wrecks should not only be ranked according to critical infrastructure and human activities at sea, but also to the threats they pose to the environment and the human seafood consumer.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
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    Risk assessment of war wrecks – a comprehensive approach investigating four wrecks containing munitions in the German Bight/North Sea (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Wiley, 49(4), ISSN: 0721-3115
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: Shipwrecks and dumped munition continue to be a major hazard, both in the North Sea but also on a global scale. Research within the EU Interreg project North Sea Wrecks (NSW), in cooperation with the German Aerospace Centre, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures (DLR), is generating new insights into the status of wrecks, the potential leakage of pollutants from remaining munitions loads and the effects of contamination on exposed marine organisms in the North Sea environment. Further, historical documents are generated from archives to describe ship’s history and sinking scenario. These historical findings were compared to models and images of the visual inspections of the wrecks. Further, samples of water, sediment and organisms are being analysed for traces of explosives. Combining the results of these different fields of research allows for a better understanding of the environmental risks deriving from these wrecks. This process is shown below by focusing on the wreck of the German light cruiser SMS MAINZ, which sank in 1914. Data were compared to three additional wrecks situated also within the southern German Bight. Available data about the wrecks were preliminary assessed using a wreck risk model. Finally, wrecks were ranked according to their potential environmental risk.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 4
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    A large-scale transcontinental river system crossed West Antarctica during the Eocene (2024)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 10(23), pp. eadn6056-, ISSN: 2375-2548
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Extensive ice coverage largely prevents investigations of Antarctica’s unglaciated past. Knowledge about environmental and tectonic development before large-scale glaciation, however, is important for understanding the transition into the modern icehouse world. We report geochronological and sedimentological data from a drill core from the Amundsen Sea shelf, providing insights into tectonic and topographic conditions during the Eocene (~44 to 34 million years ago), shortly before major ice sheet buildup. Our findings reveal the Eocene as a transition period from >40 million years of relative tectonic quiescence toward reactivation of the West Antarctic Rift System, coinciding with incipient volcanism, rise of the Transantarctic Mountains, and renewed sedimentation under temperate climate conditions. The recovered sediments were deposited in a coastal-estuarine swamp environment at the outlet of a >1500-km-long transcontinental river system, draining from the rising Transantarctic Mountains into the Amundsen Sea. Much of West Antarctica hence lied above sea level, but low topographic relief combined with low elevation inhibited widespread ice sheet formation.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Uptake and absorption of fluoranthene from spiked microplastics into the digestive gland tissues of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis L. (2021)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Chemosphere, Elsevier, 279, pp. 130480-130480, ISSN: 0045-6535
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: The present work intended to investigate the fate of contaminant-loaded microplastics if ingested by benthic filter feeder Mytilus edulis under laboratory conditions. In the course of a 7-day experiment the mussels were exposed to PVC microplastics in a size range 〉40 mm, in doses of 2000 particles L_1 (11.56 mg L_1). Particles were either virgin or loaded with one of four different nominal concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene (500, 125, 31.25 and 7.8125 mg g_1). Verification of fluoranthene concentrations on the particles provided evidence of the high absorptive capacity of PVC for this PAH, indicating that comparable particles may serve as considerable accumulation sites for high concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Analysis of digestive gland tissues via polarised light microscopy revealed the occurrence of particles and particle aggregates within stomach and intestines of all mussels treated with microplastics, thus making the xenobiotic bioavailable. Results of contaminant analysis in mussel tissues via equilibrium sampling point to a considerable capability of microplastics for the accumulation of hydrophobic contaminants from the environment and their potential to act as vehicles for the transport of theses contaminants into organismal tissues. of fluoranthene concentrations on the particles provided evidence of the high absorptive capacity of PVC for this PAH, indicating that comparable particles may serve as considerable accumulation sites for high concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Analysis of digestive gland tissues via polarised light microscopy revealed the occurrence of particles and particle aggregates within stomach and intestines of all mussels treated with microplastics, thus making the xenobiotic bioavailable. Results of contaminant analysis in mussel tissues via equilibrium sampling point to a considerable capability of microplastics for the accumulation of hydrophobic contaminants from the environment and their potential to act as vehicles for the transport of theses contaminants into organismal tissues. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 6
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    Macrozoobenthos in the estuary of the small salmon river of Sakhalin Island on example of the Gornaya River (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: Estuaries as a connecting link between freshwater and marine ecosystems play a special role in salmon rivers. The success of adaptation of juvenile salmonids during the transition to the marine period of life depends on the conditions in estuaries. The work continues the previously started series of publications on the rivers of Sakhalin Island. Using the example of one of the small watercourses in the southeastern part of the island, the hydrological parameters and the structural organization of benthos communities in the atypical estuary have been considered. In the absence of storm surges, penetration of sea water into the water body does not occur; at high tide, water with a salinity of more than 12 psu is observed only at the mouth at the bottom; at low tide, the estuary is completely filled with water with a salinity of 0.1 psu and lower. Studies of the hydrological regime and composition of the bottom fauna were carried out in July 2022. Zoobenthos samples were taken along the longitudinal profile of the estuary at five sections (75 samples in total). Most of the estuarine reach is inhabited by species characteristic of the lower parts of the island watercourses. High environmental variability determines the formation in the estuary of young and unstable benthos communities represented by rapidly reproducing small-sized species.
    Description: Эстуарии как связующее звено между пресноводными и морскими экосистемами в лососевых реках играют особую роль. От условий в эстуарных зонах рек зависит успех адаптации молоди лососевых рыб при переходе к морскому периоду жизни. Работа продолжает начатый ранее цикл публикаций по рекам о-ва Сахалин. На примере одного из малых водотоков юго-восточной части острова рассматриваются гидрологические параметры и особенности структурной организации сообществ макрозообентоса эстуария, не типичного по своим характеристикам. В отсутствии штормовых заплесков проникновения морских вод в эстуарий практически не происходит. Воды с соленостью более 12 psu отмечаются только в устье у дна во время прилива, в отлив эстуарий полностью заполняется водой с соленостью 0,1 psu и ниже. Исследования гидрологического режима и донной фауны были проведены в июле 2022 г. Пробы зообентоса отбирали по продольному профилю эстуария на пяти разрезах (суммарно 75 проб). Работы показали, что большую часть эстуария заселяют виды, характерные для нижней ритрали водотоков острова. Высокая изменчивость среды обусловливает формирование в этом эстуарии молодых и нестабильных сообществ макрозообентоса, представленных быстроразмножающимися мелкоразмерными видами.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Juvenile salmon ; Hydrological regime ; Estuary ; Macrozoobenthos ; Bottom communities ; Молодь лососей ; Гидрологический режим ; Эстуарий ; Донные сообщества ; Макрозообентос ; ASFA_2015::S::Salmon fisheries ; ASFA_2015::F::Feed composition ; ASFA_2015::B::Benthic communities
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.126-141
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  • 7
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    Assessing the effectiveness of local organic materials as sorbents for oil spill response in Arctic waters (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: The paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of the sorption characteristics of regional natural raw materials of organic origin: sphagnum moss (Sphаgnum palustre L.), fucus algae (Fucus vesiclousus), a composite based on them and peat in comparison with the synthetic sorbent OilSorb used in the practice of emergency rescue units to eliminate accidental oil spills. Experimental data have been obtained on potential pollutants in the Barents Sea (oil ARCO and diesel fuel) and the water capacity of sorbents for standard conditions at temperatures of 21–23 °C according to GOST 33627-2015 and in the temperature range of 10–12 °C typical for the summer period on the Kola Peninsula. The sorption characteristics of the materials under study have been evaluated in the "sea water – petroleum product" system, which simulates a real oil spill in the marine area. Tests in a model system simulating real conditions demonstrate significant changes in the efficiency of using sorption materials shown by them under standard conditions. The study has established the dynamics of the distribution of sorbed oil products and water in the materials under consideration, as well as residual oil products in the water of the "sea water – ARCO oil" and "sea water – diesel fuel" systems at different exposure times. During an exposure time of 30, 60, 90 minutes under the conditions of a system simulating a real oil spill in the water area, the material based on sphagnum moss has the most effective and time-stable indicators of sorption of oil products.
    Description: Результаты сравнительной оценки сорбционных характеристик регионального природного сырья органического происхождения (мха сфагнума, фукуса пузырчатого, композита на их основе, торфа) представлены в сравнении с синтетическим сорбентом OilSorb, используемым в практике аварийно-спасательных подразделений для ликвидации аварийных разливов нефти. Экспериментальные данные в отношении потенциальных загрязнителей акватории Баренцева моря (нефти сорта ARCO, судового дизельного топлива) и показатели водоемкости сорбентов получены для стандартных условий при температуре 21–23 °С (согласно ГОСТ 33627-2015) и температуре 10–12 °С, характерной для летнего периода на Кольском полуострове. Оценка сорбционных характеристик исследуемых материалов проведена для системы "морская вода – нефтепродукт", моделирующей реальный разлив нефти в морской акватории. Испытания в модельной системе, имитирующей реальные условия, демонстрируют существенные изменения эффективности использования сорбционных материалов, показанной ими при стандартных условиях. В ходе исследования установлена динамика распределения сорбированных нефтепродуктов и воды в рассматриваемых материалах, а также остаточных нефтепродуктов – в воде систем "морская вода – нефть ARCO" и "морская вода – дизельное топливо" при различном времени экспозиции. В течение времени экспозиции 30, 60, 90 мин в условиях системы, моделирующей реальный разлив нефти в акватории, наиболее эффективными и устойчивыми во времени показателями сорбции нефтепродуктов обладает материал на основе мха сфагнума.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Sorbents ; Sorption characteristics ; Sphagnum moss ; Fucus algae ; Oil spill response ; Сорбенты ; Сорбционные характеристики ; Мох сфагнум ; Фукус пузырчатый ; Ликвидация аварийных разливов нефти ; ASFA_2015::O::Oil spills ; ASFA_2015::P::Peat
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp. 142-157
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  • 8
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    Development of the formulation and technology of a new fish culinary product "Cream cheese fish from blue catfish" enriched with iodine of kelp of the White Sea (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: Expanding the range of products based on the rational use of available fish resources is a current direction for the development of the food industry of the Russian Federation. Blue catfish, a little-used fishery item in the Northern Basin, was chosen as a raw material for the development of a fish culinary paste product. Blue catfish meat is significantly watered (up to 93 % of the total mass), as a result there are currently no technologies for deep processing of fish for food purposes. During the research, the technology of a new fish culinary product "Fish cream cheese from blue catfish, enriched with iodine from White Sea kelp" has been proposed in an assortment, and recipes have been developed, optimized in the MatLab program. The amino acid composition of blue catfish meat as well as indicators of the nutritional value of new products have been considered. The energy value of 100 g of product varies from 120 to 150 kcal, the mass fraction of protein is 8.5–11 %; fat – 9–13 %; carbohydrates – 2–2.5 %. The iodine content in a unit of consumer packaging of the product "Cream cheese fish from blue catfish with pickled seaweed" was experimentally established to be 340 mcg per 100 g; a 44 g serving of this product contains 100 % of the recommended daily intake of the micronutrient (150 mcg). The developed product "Cream cheese fish from blue catfish with pickled seaweed" can be classified as "enriched with iodine" when the amount of its daily consumption (25 g) is indicated on the consumer packaging.
    Description: Расширение ассортимента продукции на основе рационального использования имеющихся рыбных ресурсов является актуальным направлением развития пищевой промышленности РФ. В качестве сырья для разработки рыбного кулинарного пастообразного изделия выбрана зубатка синяя – малоиспользуемый объект промысла Северного бассейна. Мясо зубатки синей значительно оводнено (до 93 % общей массы), вследствие чего технологии глубокой переработки рыбы на пищевые цели в настоящее время отсутствуют. В ходе исследований предложена технология нового рыбного кулинарного изделия "Кремчиз фиш из зубатки синей, обогащенный йодом ламинарии беломорской" в ассортименте и разработаны рецептуры, оптимизированные в программе MatLab; рассмотрены аминокислотный состав мяса зубатки синей, а также показатели пищевой ценности новых изделий. Энергетическая ценность 100 г изделия варьируется от 120 до 150 ккал, массовая доля белка составляет 8,5–11 %; жира – 9–13 %; углеводов – 2–2,5 %. Экспериментально установлено содержание йода в единице потребительской упаковки изделия "Кремчиз фиш из зубатки синей с маринованной морской капустой", равное 340 мкг на 100 г; порция данного продукта массой 44 г содержит 100 % рекомендованной суточной нормы потребления микроэлемента (150 мкг). Разработанное изделие "Кремчиз фиш из зубатки синей с маринованной морской капустой" можно классифицировать как "обогащенное йодом" при указании на потребительской упаковке величины его суточного потребления (25 г).
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Blue catfish ; Formulation ; Зубатка синяя ; Рецептура ; Fish resources ; Food industry ; Fish processing ; Pickled seaweed ; Мясо зубатки ; Энергетическая ценность ; ASFA_2015::B::Biotechnology ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish products ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery technology ; ASFA_2015::I::Iodine ; ASFA_2015::K::Kelps ; ASFA_2015::N::Nutritive value
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.229-241
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  • 9
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    Neutral interactions among three nonindigenous coral species in a tropical marine fouling community (2024)
    In:  Ecology vol. 2024 no. e4371
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Keywords: chimera ; coexistence ; competition ; Curaçao ; invasive ; peripheral contact ; semisubmersible platform ; southern Caribbean
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    Conservation Prioritization of Orthoptera Assemblages on a Mediterranean Island (2024)
    In:  Diversity vol. 16 no. 6 (347)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: In response to the ongoing global extinction, conservationists must prioritize future conservation investments to ensure that such measures are biologically effective and economically viable. To propose an effective conservation plan for Orthoptera assemblages on Cyprus Island, we introduce the Standardized Conservation Index (StCI), a biodiversity index accounting for the conservation value (ci), presence, dispersal ability, endemism and conservation status of a species. We evaluated the effect of eleven environmental variables on StCI, ci, species richness and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, using linear and generalized linear models. Species and environmental data were collected in 60 localities that were placed along four elevational zones and included seven habitat types. Our results revealed the importance of rural mosaics and forests for the conservation of Orthoptera. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index failed to show the importance of high-altitude forests. The Orthoptera species diversity was favored by flower heads and the soil humidity, while rock cover and high shrubs had a positive and negative effect, respectively, on the StCI and ci values. Our results underline the value of StCI in complementing traditional diversity indices, as a scale-independent index that can be used for different taxa to prioritize sites of conservation concern.
    Keywords: assessment ; biodiversity index ; Cyprus ; grasshoppers ; insects ; prioritization
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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