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  • Articles  (11)
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  • factor analysis  (11)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1975-1979  (11)
  • Geosciences  (11)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: correspondence analysis ; factor analysis ; geochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The lavas in the active volcanic chain of the Erta Ale were emplaced 1 million years ago on the new crust of oceanic character created by the separation of the Arabic plate and the African plate. This differentiated series ranges from the basalts to the hyperalkaline rhyolites, passing through all the intermediate members. It is characterized by an iron enrichment in the intermediate series, and the role of silica is secondary in the differentiation which is controlled by the fractionation of olivine, pyroxene, and calcic plagioclases. By applying correspondence factor analysis to the rock samples analyzed for major and trace elements, factors were found expressing the importance of certain associations between the samples and their elements. The variables were projected onto factorial axes and graphs were plotted automatically showing their positions. Ellipses corresponding to the groups based on the rock types, volcanoes, and the indices of Kuno were drawn so that their situation in relation to the oxides and trace elements could be seen. From the plan of the axes, the degree of differentiation of the samples in the considered series is indicated, and the petrological terminology of the rocks may be verified. Two graphs, representing the series, are proposed using indices for the oxides and traces obtained from the results of correspondence analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 7 (1975), S. 129-147 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: correlation ; factor analysis ; regression analysis ; statistics ; allometric growth ; paleontology ; relative growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Relative growth of the Ordovician crinoid Hybocrinus punctatus (Miller and Gurley)was studied using regression, correlation, and R-mode factor analysis. Systematic growth gradients of both initial intercepts and slopes existed throughout the calyx. Development of a single plate was best correlated with growth of the directly adjacent plates and was less well correlated with that of more distant plates. A total of 86 percent of the R-mode correlation matrix variance is associated with overall size increase of all dimensions and size-correlated shape changes. Most of the remaining variance is linked with divergent growth of small groups of specimens with respect to various shape parameters.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 10 (1978), S. 225-241 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: factor analysis ; linear programming ; sedimentology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problems involved in the factor analysis of data consisting of measurements of material quantity or proportion are discussed, and the inability of existing factor analysis solutions to properly model such data is pointed out. A new factor analysis solution using the linear programming technique is presented which properly analyzes mixture data. A numerical example is presented in which a body of suspended sediment grain-size distribution data is analyzed using the new factor analysis solution. FORTRAN-IV subroutines for computing this solution are included in an Appendix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 11 (1979), S. 345-371 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: chemical mineralogy ; factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Compositional variations in the lavas of Parícutin volcano, Mexico, have been examined by an extended method of Q-mode factor analysis. Each sample composition is treated as a vector projected from an original eight-dimensional space into a vector system of three dimensions. The compositions represented by the vectors after projection are closely similar to the original compositions except for Na2Oand Fe2O3.The vectors in the three-dimensional system cluster about three different planes that represent three stages of compositional change in the Parícutin lavas. Because chemical data on the compositions of the minerals in the lavas are presently lacking, interpretations of the mineral phases that may have been involved in fractional crystallization are based on CIPW norm calculations. Changes during the first stage are attributed largely to the fractional crystallization of plagioclase and olivine. Changes during the second stage can be explained by the separation of plagioclase and pyroxene. Changes during the final stage may have resulted mostly from the assimilation of a granitic material, as previously proposed by R. E. Wilcox.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 11 (1979), S. 611-626 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: principal components analysis ; factor analysis ; organic geochemistry ; paleoecology ; petrology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A three-mode principal components method allows visualization of the structural or taxonomic relationships within three-way data tables. The fundamental model includes three sets of eigenvectors and a “core matrix” relating the principal components of each mode. Formal relationships between the method and the usual principal components formulation allow calculation of “loadings” and “scores” for each mode; taken with the core matrix, these provide a number of points of view in graphical analysis of three-mode data. The model compares favorably with alternative formulations in terms of simplicity of computation, generality, and symmetry of operation among the modes. An organic geochemical example illustrates the method.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 7 (1975), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: correspondence analysis ; factor analysis ; mathematics ; principal components ; geochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Correspondence factor analysis is a multivariate technique that may be applied to any type of data and to any number of data points. It detects associations and oppositions existing between subjects and objects, measuring their contribution to the total inertia for each factor. The probabilistic character of the data matrix is taken into consideration, and together with the principle of distributional equivalence, results in stability. The projection of the subjects and the objects onto the same set of factorial axes enables two-dimensional graphs to be drawn which offer aid in the interpretation of the results.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 8 (1976), S. 57-74 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: factor analysis ; principal components analysis ; oceanography ; sedimentology ; suspended sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to investigate interrelationships among various characteristics of seawater and suspended sediments obtained from surface waters of two Asian marginal seas. On the basis of multivariate correlation analysis for the two marginal seas combined, three important factors were extracted and interpreted: (1) current-energy conditions, (2) the influence of rivers, and (3) biochemical conditions of seawater. A relationship between anisotropic mineral grains and combustible organic matter is suggested by the fact that suspended sediment, containing coarser anisotropic mineral grains, also contains larger amounts of combustible organic matter.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 8 (1976), S. 669-681 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: classification ; factor analysis ; economic geology ; mineralization ; petrology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Geological descriptions of unmineralized and mineralized ultrabasic and basic complexes were collected on a world-wide basis from published literature in the framework of the research project “Basimine.”Its aim is the discovery of controls governing the existence of mineralization in certain complexes and subsequently the development of working hypotheses for nickel prospection. Files were created containing geological and petrological data for each complex. In order to gain an understanding into the relationship existing between variables and complexes, correspondence analysis was applied to various data sets taken from the files. The results indicated criteria, either favorable or unfavorable, for the presence of mineralization in the complexes, and pointed out certain unmineralized complexes which could well be mineralized due to their position as regards known ore deposits in the plan of the factorial axes.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 10 (1978), S. 543-554 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: deposit modeling ; Ni−Cu deposits ; cluster analysis ; characteristic analysis ; factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Data from 34 Ni−Cu deposits of the 315c-striking, 420-km long, and 10–40-km wide Kotalahtinickel belt have been recorded in the previously described system of the Ore Data File of Finland. For comparison data from four Ni−Cu deposits outside the belt have been collected. The statistical treatment of the data begins with cluster analysis and four classes are distinguished on the basis of 303 data elements. These classes form eight groups within the linear belt. Two groups containing the largest deposits, Hitura and Kotalahti, are processed by characteristic analysis, and factor analysis is applied to test the interdependence of the characteristics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 8 (1976), S. 395-412 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: algorithm ; factor analysis ; minres factor ; geochemistry ; atomic substitution in hypersthene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This is the first application of minimum residuals (minres),a type of factor analysis, in the study of hypersthene minerals from a mafic norite formation at the Strathcona Mine near Sudbury, Ontario. Minres, because it yields highest communalities for some variables, is preferred to other types of factoring solutions including a common factor model with Chayes' null correlations as factor input. Oblique rotation of factors is rejected as a model for statistical and geochemical reasons. A five oxide-variable model that reasonably well determines hypersthene is reduced by minres to a two-factor model which is statistically significant. Because of the small number of variables in the analysis, it is difficult to interpret the isolated factors in terms of specific geologic processes. The factors, however, even if surrogate, are linked with substitution phenomena in the hypersthene.
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