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  • Articles  (5)
  • cultural ecology  (5)
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (5)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
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  • Articles  (5)
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  • Springer  (5)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (5)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
  • Ethnic Sciences  (5)
  • Biology  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time allocation and meat procurement among the Shipibo Indians of eastern Peru (1981)
    Springer
    Human ecology 9 (1981), S. 189-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: cultural ecology ; human adaptation ; Shipibo ; procurement model ; decision-making
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract It is argued that the Shipibo Indians follow a meat-procurement strategy that (1) takes into account seasonally variable exploitation costs of fishing and hunting, and (2) helps them satisfy their nutritional requirements for meat in a way which minimizes the amount of time they must allocate to meat procurement. To test this idea, linear programming theory is linked with Bergman's ethnographic description of the Shipibo system in order to construct a mathematical model of the Shipibo meat-procurement strategy. Statistical procedures and Bergman's data are used to estimate parameters in the model and the predictions of the model are then compared to observed values. This paper concludes by proposing a conceptual approach to human adaptation which distinguishes cognition from behavior, but interconnects the two in indigenous decision-making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00889133
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does the Swidden Ape the Jungle? (1983)
    Springer
    Human ecology 11 (1983), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Agriculture ; cultural ecology ; South America ; intercropping ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Results of recent ethnographic research in indigenous agricultural systems in the South American tropical forests indicate that the Geertzian model of the highly intercropped swidden that mimics the tropical forest it replaces is not the appropriate description of the agricultural regimes of several rainforest peoples. A model is proposed relating degree of intercropping to amount of agricultural labor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891227
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental analysis in human evolution and adaptation research (1980)
    Springer
    Human ecology 8 (1980), S. 135-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: cultural ecology ; adaptation ; environmental analysis ; human evolution ; evolutionary ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Human evolution and ecology analyses argue that environment is a major factor influencing biological and sociocultural adaptation, but they rarely analyze environmental properties. Multiple problems of perspective and method can arise from the normative and nondynamic environmental descriptions which pervade these analyses. This paper examines human adaptation frameworks to identify theoretical guidelines for environmental description in ways appropriate to available theories of biocultural evolution or congruent with known ecosystem qualities. Concepts and terminology are given for describing the spatial and temporal properties characteristic of ecosystems and central to hypotheses about ecological adaptation. These include: patchiness and grain; stability and resilience; persistence and recurrence; and predictability, constancy, and contingency. Field experience, theory, and the qualities of ecosystems themselves suggest that detailed, historical (long-term) environmental analysis is necessary to determine the role of ecological factors in human evolution and adapation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531439
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological succession in new and old swiddens of montane Papua New Guinea (1981)
    Springer
    Human ecology 9 (1981), S. 359-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: succession ; cultural ecology ; shifting cultivation ; biomass ; net productivity ; swidden
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Fieldwork conducted in new and old swiddens in the Maring territory of the Bismarck Mountains of Papua New Guinea indicated a successional sequence of crop composition, diversity, and biomass regulated by human and ecological processes. With increasing swidden age, the number of cultivated species, individuals, varieties, and net productivity decreased. In contrast to new swiddens, old swiddens were characterized by a simplified crop composition and a distinct vertical stratification. While a 3-month-old garden contained 10 cultivar species, 43.5 plantings of taro, a cultivar biomass content of 2.54 kg/25 m2, and a net productivity of 1.13 gm/m2/day, a 2-year-old garden contained six cultivar species, no taro plantings, a cultivar biomass content of 13.80 kg/25 m2, and a net productivity of 0.77 gm/m2/day. Differences in the life histories of cultivars help determine cultivar succession. This study quantitatively defines these changing characteristics of old and new swiddens. It concludes that the Kauwatyi system of subsistence, which emphasizes diversity and conservation practices, such as the planting and protection of certain forest regrowth species, ensures the regeneration of forest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890742
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rethinking stone age economics: Some speculations concerning the pre-Columbian Yanoama economy (1984)
    Springer
    Human ecology 12 (1984), S. 291-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Yanoama ; Amazonian Indians ; technological change ; cultural ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The introduction of steel tools and new crops radically transformed the Yanoama Indians' pre-Columbian economy. A consideration of the impact of these innovations allows for the reconstruction of that economy which suggests a higher dependence upon foraging, a lower population density, more mobile settlement pattern, and heavier workload, than today. This reconstruction challenges both current speculations about pre-Columbian Amazonian economic systems which apply Sahlins' concept of “aboriginal affluence” and those concerning the relationship between Amazonian environment and “cultural development.” This reconstruction, confirmed in part by fragmentary historical sources, explores some of the dramatic changes which must have taken place since contact. The Yanoama's agricultural subsistence base is a recent innovation, made possible since contact by new tools and new crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540593
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