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  • Articles  (15)
  • Environment  (8)
  • Management  (8)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1985-1989  (15)
  • 1965-1969
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (15)
  • Political Science
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  • Articles  (15)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards a national reference center for environmental information in The Netherlands: A review (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Environment ; Information ; Reference Center ; The Netherlands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract For improvement of the accessibility and use of environmental information a prototype national reference center (CIMI) was constructed in the Netherlands in 1986. Target groups were identified on the basis of an analysis of the demand side. They were questioned about their needs in the field of environmental information. On the basis of these experiences an automated integrated system has been built that is composed of subsystems for reference to expertise in organizations (specialisms), literature, research, and databases of site-specific data. This system is also equipped with a thesaurus. The system has been tested and examined in several ways. The outcome of these independent tests and investigations confirm the usefulness of this center for information transfer. The reference center can be helpful in providing overviews on and structuring of environmental information in the Netherlands. The results of the activities have been presented in several ways and were described extensively in a number of reports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873383
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On averting the tragedy of the commons (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 273-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Tragedy of the commons ; Muddling ; Environment ; Decision making ; Ecocatastrophe ; Environmental psychology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract One of the enduring facts of the human condition is that the earth's resources are finite and its environment fragile. It is also evident that human behavior is rarely based on an appreciation of these facts. While the outlook may be bleak, so are some of the proposed solutions. Reasonable people have suggested that, to survive, an environmentally enlightened authoritarian government must be adopted. This article suggests that such a solution is unworkable, in part because it fails to consider critical aspects of human nature. A framework is proposed for developing solutions compatible with human capabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867519
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Louisiana wetland loss: A regional water management approach to the problem (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Louisiana ; Mississippi Delta ; Sediment ; Accretion deficit ; Land loss ; Wetlands ; Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Loss of Louisiana's coastal wetlands has reached catastrophic proportions. The loss rate is approximately 150 km2/yr (100 acres/day) and is increasing exponentially. Total wetland loss since the turn of the century has been almost 0.5 million ha (1.1 million acres) and represents an area larger than Rhode Island. The physical cause of the problem lies in man's attempts to control the Mississippi River's flooding, while enhancing navigation and extracting minerals. Levee systems and control structures confine sediments that once nourished the wetlands to the river channel. As a consequence, the ultimate sediment deposition is in deep Gulf waters off the Louisiana coast. The lack of sediment input to the interdistributary wetlands results in an accretion deficit. Natural and human-induced subsidence exceeds accretion so that the wetlands sink below sea level and convert to water. The solution is to provide a thin veneer of sediment (approximately 0.6 cm/yr; an average of 1450 g m−2 yr−1) over the coastal marshes and swamps and thus prevent the submergence of vegetation. The sediment source is the Mississippi River system. Calculations show that 9.2% of the river's annual suspended sediment load would be required to sustain the deltaic plain wetlands. It should be distributed during the six high-water months (December–June) through as disaggregated a network as possible. The problem is one of distribution: how can the maximum acres of marsh be nourished with the least cost? At present, the river is managed through federal policy for the benefit of navigation and flood control. A new policy structure, recognizing the new role for the river-sediment distribution, is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873387
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Procedure for assessing visual quality for landscape planning and management (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Scenic quality ; Landscape ; Management ; Preference policies ; Resource ; Value ; Model ; Computer ; Assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of aesthetic considerations in the process of landscape planning and development has frequently met with poor results due to its lack of theoretical basis, public involvement, and failure to deal with spatial implications. This problem has been especially evident when dealing with large areas, for example, the Adirondacks, Scenic Highways, and National Forests and Parks. This study made use of public participation to evaluate scenic quality in a portion of the Niagara Escarpment in Southern Ontario, Canada. The results of this study were analyzed using thevisual management model proposed by Brown and Itami (1982) as a means of assessing and evaluating scenic quality. Themap analysis package formulated by Tomlin (1980) was then applied to this assessment for the purpose of spatial mapping of visual impact. The results of this study illustrate that it is possible to assess visual quality for landscape/management, preservation, and protection using a theoretical basis, public participation, and a systematic spatial mapping process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867164
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling ecosystem science with management: A Great Lakes perspective from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, USA (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 619-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Great Lakes ; Green Bay ; Ecosystem ; Management ; Research ; Remedial action plan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Continued resource degradation in various areas of the Great Lakes has led to doubts of the adequacy of conventional science and management approaches. The need for a more holistic approach, identified as an ecosystem approach, appears now to be more widely accepted although progress with implementation is slow. We argue here that ecosystem science is an integral part of an ecosystem approach and is a prerequisite to effective management planning. One of the problems of implementing an ecosystem approach is forging the link between ecosystem based research and management. For Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA, certain structural and functional qualities of the ecosystem have been used to define operational guides and to formulate management objectives. These objectives are being utilized in the development of a remedial action plan for Green Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880160
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of military tank traffic on prairie: A management model (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 397-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Prairie ; Military tanks ; Experiment ; Predictive model ; Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The effect of various frequencies and seasons of military tank traffic on native mixed-grass prairie was examined in a randomized and replicated field experiment. Vegetation (in 10×10 m plots) was subjected to tank traffic at the following rates: (a) one pass per day of training from May until August; (b) one pass per day in May and June; (c) one pass per day in July and August; (d) one pass every three weeks from May until August; (e) zero (control). Species composition and the amount of bare ground were found to vary significantly with traffic frequency. Plant species alien to North America invaded plots subjected to spring driving. Regression analysis showed spring driving to produce more bare ground than summer driving. The regression models suggested that much higher intensities of training could be conducted without damage if spring driving were avoided. Regression models were also used to estimate the frequency of traffic associated with a significant change in species composition, where species composition was expressed as the ratio ofBouteloua gracilis toStipa spartea, an indicator of disturbance-induced change in prairie vegetation. This relationship predicted the capacity of the vegetation of a training area of any given width to support tank traffic without changing species composition. The predictive ability of the model was tested by comparing predicted traffic capacities with the amount of traffic actually applied to two training areas in 1986. Where traffic capacity was exceeded, the model successfully predicted a significantly higher frequency of bare ground and ratio ofBouteloua gracilis toStipa spartea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867529
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migration and control of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) along highway corridors (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental management 13 (1989), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Purple loosestrife ; Lythrum salicaria ; Interstate highway ; Migration ; Density gradient ; Control ; Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The east-west density gradient and the pattern and mode of migration of the wetland exotic, purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.), were assessed in a survey of populations along the New York State Thruway from Albany to Buffalo to determine if the highway corridor contributed to the spread of this species. During the peak flowering season of late July to early August, individual colonies of purple loosestrife were identified and categorized into three size classes in parallel belt transects consisting of the median strip and highway rights-of-way on the north and south sides of the road. Data were also collected on the presence of colonies adjacent to the corridor and on highway drainage patterns. Although a distinct east-west density gradient existed in the corridor, it corresponded to the gradient on adjacent lands and was greatly influenced by a major infestation at Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge. The disturbed highway corridor served as a migration route for purple loosestrife, but topographic features dictated that this migration was a short-distance rather than long-distance process. Ditch and culvert drainage patterns increased the ability of purple loosestrife to migrate to new wetland sites. Management strategies proposed to reduce the spread of this wetland threat include minimizing disturbance, pulling by hand, spraying with glyphosate, disking, and mowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874916
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping pesticide contamination potential (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental management 13 (1989), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Pesticides ; Pollution ; Mapping ; Environment ; Management ; Groundwater ; Contamination ; Licensing, GIS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Groundwater contamination by agricultural chemicals is a major environmental pollution issue nation-wide. The regulatory agencies of towns and counties face the problem of finding a methodology for assessing the ground-water contamination potential of a large number of agricultural pesticides. Because of the spatial nature of the problem and the limited data availability for comprehensive pesticide movement models, a contamination potential index was employed for preliminary assessment. A specially designed geographic information system was used to create ground-water contamination likelihood maps for a 1500 km2 area. The results suggest that this methodology can be used successfully for evaluating the relative contamination potential of a large number of pesticides over large areas with limited input data. A tentative approach for using this method for monitoring and registration of pesticides is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868370
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture and the environment in France (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental management 9 (1985), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: France ; Culture ; Environment ; Environmental activism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Although the French concern for environmental protection dates back several centuries, a committed movement toward environmental protection did not begin until the second half of the 19th century. The Romantic influence of Rousseau and others led to the formation of various societies aimed at protecting the French landscape. Until the most recent environmental crusades of the 1960s and 1970s, the cause of protecting the natural environment seemed to fall largely on the shoulders of scientists and anglers, who voiced their concern over increasing environmental degradation in pamphlets and recreational journals. Their pressure aided in the passage of legislation on water quality. During the 1960s, environmental organizations proliferated and, in league with student activists, played an important role in raising the environmental consciousness of the French. During the 1970s, these activists began to turn to traditional political mobilization as a way of drawing attention to their platform. Environmental activism reached its peak with the antinuclear rallies of the late 1970s. By the end of the 1970s, many environmental associations had grown up in the French culture, but the future of environmentalism remains questionable owing to a number of economic realities, including the oil crisis, which made nuclear power much more acceptable to the public.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867113
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture and the environment in the United States (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental management 9 (1985), S. 161-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Environment ; Beliefs ; Values ; Paradigms ; Culture ; Attitudes ; Social change ; Political change ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The beliefs of Americans about the proper relationship between humans and their environment were profoundly affected by waves of immigration from Europe. Immigrants valued ownership of land, individuality, freedom, domination of nature, and technological development. These themes remain strong today as centerpieces of the American dominant social paradigm (DSP). That DSP has been reexamined and found wanting by an increasing proportion of Americans. This departure from the old DSP has progressed further among the public than among the elite who have a greater stake in preserving the status quo. Environmentalists constitute a vanguard trying to lead the people to a new, more environmentally oriented social paradigm. The beliefs of the old DSP and the new environmental paradigm (NEP) are contrasted in Table 2. Briefly, the NEP advocates stress love of nature rather than domination of it; compassion for other peoples, future generations, and other species; planning to avoid risk; limits to growth; fundamental social change; and a new structuring of politics. These two worldviews are likely to be in vigorous conflict for several decades in the USA. Social learning, spurred by deterioration of the old ways, is likely to lead Americans to a new perspective on their relationship to nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867116
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture and the environment in Italy (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental management 9 (1985), S. 121-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Italy ; Natural hazards ; Environment ; History ; Culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This essay evaluates the historical development and current background of human-environment relationships in Italy. The Italian landscape consists of very varied terrain, and periodically suffers from all kinds of natural hazard, especially earthquakes, landslides, floods, and accelerated soil erosion. Some measure of environmental conservation was achieved by the Etruscans and Romans, but the Classical period also marked the beginning of serious lowland waterlogging, malarial infestation, upland soil erosion, and deforestation, which all increased during the Middle Ages. From the Renaissance to the 18th century, there was a diffusion of planned landscapes and carefully managed estates; but by the 20th century, many rural areas could not support growing populations and much land was in need of improvement. Underdevelopment and latifundium agriculture increased the vulnerability to environmental hazards of the Mezzogiorno (Italian South), while the subsequent disappearance of the peasant culture seems not to have led to greatly improved conservation or land management. Poorly farmed or managed landscapes and poorly maintained historic towns have undergone some virtually irreversible degradation, especially with respect to landslides and earthquake damage. Elsewhere in Italy, unchecked urbanization, weak planning laws, and their inadequate enforcement have helped both to reduce environmental quality, by overdevelopment of valued landscapes, and to increase natural disaster vulnerability, by encouraging occupance of natural hazard zones. Although there are signs that the government is beginning to respond to the cumulative effect of environmental degradation, the measures are insufficient to reverse the overall trend toward decadence that characterizes human-land relationships in Italy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867112
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture and the environment in the Soviet Union (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental management 9 (1985), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Soviet Union ; Cultures ; Environment ; Conservation ; Religions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Soviet Union is one of the most physically and culturally diverse nations on earth. Its natural environment embraces a rich variety of resources and ecosystems, many of which, such as Lake Baikal, are of world significance. Culturally, it is comprised of over a hundred ethnic groups, belonging to eight major language groups and six major religions. However, two cultures are dominant: the Slavic group (which takes in 75% of the USSR population and 80% of its land area) and the Turkic-Islamic peoples who account for the large majority of the remainder. Owing to the highly centralized nature of the country's political-administrative system, however, the effect of culture or ethnic traditions in the resolution of national environmental issues is quite small. Major decisions regarding either specific conservation issues or basic environmental policies are made at the centralized level by ministerial, planning, and Communist Party officials, and are based on pragmatically refined ideological considerations, rather than on regional cultural attitudes. This pragmatic refining of ideological considerations will involve the weighing of specific economic and environmental imperatives, and deciding on appropriate trade-offs. To find cultural expression in environmental management, one would need to look closely at local projects and approaches in the various ethnic regions, particularly the non-Slavic ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867115
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological effects of coastal marsh impoundments: A review (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 743-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Estuaries ; Marshes ; Impoundments ; Management ; Fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Many coastal resource managers believe estuarine marshes are critically important to estuarine fish and shellfish, not only because of the habitat present for juvenile stages, but also because of the export of detritus and plant nutrients that are consumed in the estuary. Concern has been widely expressed that diking and flooding marshes (impounding) for mosquito control and waterfowl management interferes with these values of marshes. Major changes caused by impoundment include an increase in water level, a decrease in salinity, and a decrease in the exchange of marsh water with estuarine water. Alteration of species composition is dramatic after impoundment. Changes in overall production and transport phenomena, however—and the consequences of these changes— may not be as great in some cases as the concern about these has implied. Although few data are available, a more important concern may be the reduction of access by estuarine fish and shellfish to the abundant foods and cover available in many natural, as well as impounded, marshes. Perhaps even more important is the occasional removal of free access to open water when conditions become unfavorable in impounded marsh that is periodically opened and closed. Collection of comparative data on the estuarine animal use of various configurations of natural and impounded marshes by estuarine animals should lead to improved management of both impounded and unimpounded marshes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867242
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A proposed formal structure for assessing bear-human encounters (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Bears ; Dynamics ; Economics ; Hiking ; Management ; Parks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A formal model for the interaction of bear and hiker populations in national parks is developed. A number of alternative interactive scenarios are identified and some specific cases explored in detail. Some examples of the insights to be gained by the use of such a formal structure by park managers charged with the dual mandate of preservation of fauna and provision of safe recreational opportunities are presented. The entire problem is then discussed within the context of the more general “tragedy of the commons” problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873386
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information requirements of integrated environmental policy experiences in the Netherlands (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental management 13 (1989), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Environment ; Policy ; Information ; The Netherlands ; Integration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract During the last few years in the Netherlands an integrated environmental policy has been developed. Solving environmental problems by means of effective and efficient solutions requires that the entire environmental cycle be considered in order to take all relevant compartments and aspects into account. Four different phases can be identified during the treatment of an environmental problem by management: recognition, formulation, solution, and control. Some qualitative and quantitative aspects of the information demand of environmental policy are explored. Special attention is given to the consequences of the integral approach in environmental policy in terms of information requirements. The process of information supply starts with an analysis of the demand. Subsequently data from the environmental cycle have to be selected, aggregated, and presented adequately. Further, integrated environmental policy puts increased demands on the associative power of environmental information systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874909
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