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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negotiation support: Development of representations and reasoning (1993)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 34 (1993), S. 293-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Keywords: Negotiation modelling ; rule-based formalism ; logic ; expert systems ; structuring ; knowledge representation ; negotiation support
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The general importance of negotiations and bargaining as means of decision making has given rise to considerable research within two broad paradigms. The behavioral paradigm has attempted to discover rationality in specific situations in order to generalize. The formal paradigm has assumed a general rationality which could be applied to specific problems. This strict dichotomy imposes unnecessary restrictions on the use of formal approaches to structure, represent, and support negotiators. Logic-based approaches, such as rule-based formalism, make it possible to blend unique and specific aspects of a problem, with general reasoning mechanisms and rationality postulates. This paper introduces rule-based formalism and discusses its advantages and disadvantages. It attempts to present its ability to represent complex decision processes and to reason using formal structures. The approach is illustrated with several simple examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01075194
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How can an expert system help in choosing the optimal decision? (1992)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 33 (1992), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Keywords: Preference orderings ; rationality principles for preferences ; rational extension of preferences ; expert systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We introduce a rationality principle for a preference relation ⩽ on an arbitrary set of lotteries. Such a principle is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an expected utility agreeing with ⩽. The same principle also guarantees a rational extension of the preference relation to any larger set of lotteries. When the extended relation is unique with respect to the alternatives under consideration, the decision maker does not need a numerical evaluation in order to make a choice. Such a rationality condition needs little information in order to be applied, and its verification amounts to solving a linear system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00133644
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cognition and uncertainty (1989)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 27 (1989), S. 93-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Keywords: cognition ; decision ; graphs ; artificial intelligence ; risk ; uncertainty ; expert systems ; expected utility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In the first part, we try to give a representation of the process by which man endeavours to grasp uncertainty. We propose a backward exploration which we will modelize through an influence diagram and then we can draw a few conclusions from that representation for the axiomatics of Decision. In the second part, we deal with the processing of the information formatted in such a way, regarding both its temporal complexity and its elective complexity. The first part as the second one dealing with representation and the consequences for information processing of uncertainty cognition lead to a severe criticism of the expected utility hypothesis. To conclude, we suggest a few remarks on expert systems of decision aid under uncertainty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00133989
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economics reasoning by econometrics or artificial intelligence (1989)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 27 (1989), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Keywords: expert systems ; knowledge base systems ; cognitive modelling ; economic modelling ; very short term economic diagnostic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Currently, the mechanization of economic forecasting relies on econometric models with obvious limitations. Artificial Intelligence holds out several new possibilities. Will these innovations limit themselves to correcting existing defects, thereby improving the performance of established models, or will they bring about new approaches in modelling and in economic theory itself? Although this paper in no way pretends to answer this question, it will touch upon it as several avenues of research are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00133992
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Representing the negotiation process with a rule-based formalism (1988)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 25 (1988), S. 225-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Keywords: decision support ; negotiation ; negotiation support systems ; expert systems ; rule-based formalism ; knowledge representation ; logic, meta-rules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this paper is to introduce a flexible approach to the structuring of negotiations. The process of negotiations with its intricacies is discussed, and drawbacks of quantitative methods are analyzed. The decomposition of the negotiation process into a certain hierarchical structure is presented. This structure is represented with ‘and/or’ trees used for knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. The definitions of flexibility and reactions to the opponent's moves are introduced with the help of a rule-based formalism. The implications of these definitions for the analysis of the negotiation process are presented. The approach is illustrated with a set of hypothetical examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00133164
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