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  • Other Sources  (108)
  • Cambridge University Press  (80)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2020-2024  (15)
  • 1990-1994  (51)
  • 1985-1989  (22)
  • 1975-1979  (12)
  • 1960-1964  (4)
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  • 1
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    Unveiling the wasp-waist structure of the Falkland shelf ecosystem: the role of Doryteuthis gahi as a keystone species and its trophic influences (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-08
    Description: The Falkland Shelf is a highly productive ecosystem in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by upwelling oceanographic dynamics and displays a wasp-waist structure, with few intermediate trophic-level species and many top predators that migrate on the shelf for feeding. One of these resident intermediate trophic-level species, the Patagonian longfin-squid Doryteuthis gahi, is abundant and plays an important role in the ecosystem. We used two methods to estimate the trophic structure of the Falkland Shelf food web, focusing on the trophic niche of D. gahi and its impacts on other species and functional groups to highlight the importance of D. gahi in the ecosystem. First, stable isotope measurements served to calculate trophic levels based on an established nitrogen baseline. Second, an Ecopath model was built to corroborate trophic levels derived from stable isotopes and inform about trophic interactions of D. gahi with other functional groups. The results of both methods placed D. gahi in the centre of the ecosystem with a trophic level of ∼ 3. The Ecopath model predicted high impacts and therefore a high keystoneness for both seasonal cohorts of D. gahi. Our results show that the Falkland Shelf is not only controlled by species feeding at the top and the bottom of the trophic chain. The importance of species feeding at the third trophic level (e.g. D. gahi and Patagonotothen ramsayi) and observed architecture of energy flows confirm the ecosystem's wasp-waist structure with middle-out control mechanisms at play.
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  • 2
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    Reassessing the need for carbon dioxide removal: moral implications of alternative climate target pathways (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-27
    Description: Non-technical summary Scenarios compatible with the Paris agreement's temperature goal of 1.5 °C involve carbon dioxide removal measures - measures that actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere - on a massive scale. Such large-scale implementations raise significant ethical problems. Van Vuuren et al. (2018), as well as the current IPCC scenarios, show that reduction in energy and or food demand could reduce the need for such activities. There is some reluctance to discuss such societal changes. However, we argue that policy measures enabling societal changes are not necessarily ethically problematic. Therefore, they should be discussed alongside techno-optimistic approaches in any kind of discussions about how to respond to climate change. Technical summary The 1.5 °C goal has given impetus to carbon dioxide removal (CDR) measures, such as bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage, or afforestation. However, land-based CDR options compete with food production and biodiversity protection. Van Vuuren et al. (2018) looked at alternative pathways including lifestyle changes, low-population projections, or non-CO2 greenhouse gas mitigation, to reach the 1.5 °C temperature objective. Underlined by the recently published IPCC AR6 WGIII report, they show that demand-side management measures are likely to reduce the need for CDR. Yet, policy measures entailed in these scenarios could be associated with ethical problems themselves. In this paper, we therefore investigate ethical implications of four alternative pathways as proposed by Van Vuuren et al. (2018). We find that emission reduction options such as lifestyle changes and reducing population, which are typically perceived as ethically problematic, might be less so on further inspection. In contrast, options associated with less societal transformation and more techno-optimistic approaches turn out to be in need of further scrutiny. The vast majority of emission reduction options considered are not intrinsically ethically problematic; rather everything rests on the precise implementation. Explicitly addressing ethical considerations when developing, advancing, and using integrated assessment scenarios could reignite debates about previously overlooked topics and thereby support necessary societal discourse. Social media summary Policy measures enabling societal changes are not necessarily as ethically problematic as commonly presumed and reduce the need for large-scale CDR
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  • 3
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    Range of 21st century ice mass changes in the Filchner-Ronne region of Antarctica (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-15
    Description: Increases in ocean temperatures in the Filchner Ronne region of Antarctica are likely to result in increased ice mass loss and sea level rise. We constrain projections of the 21st century sea level contribution of this region using process-based ice-sheet modeling, with model parameters controlling ice dynamics calibrated using observed surface speeds and Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling. We use climate forcing from Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios as well as a set of hypothetical scenarios of deep ocean warming to evaluate the sensitivity of this region to ocean temperatures. Projected changes in regional ice mass correspond to a decrease in global mean sea level of 24±7 mm over 2015–2100 under RCP 2.6 and 28±9 mm under RCP 8.5. Increased regional inland surface accumulation related to higher warming levels in RCP 8.5 leads to more ice above flotation, offsetting increased ice shelf basal melt. The tests involving step changes in ocean temperatures with constant surface forcing show that one degree of ocean warming from present results in an additional +11 mm contribution to sea level by 2100 and 1% of the ice-covered area in the domain becomes ungrounded (23 200 km2). The rate of mass loss with temperature increases at higher temperatures.
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  • 4
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    A response to cummunity questions on the Marine20 Radiocarbon age calibration curve: marine reservoir ages and the calibration of 14C samples from the oceans (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in the oceans are different from those in the atmosphere. Understanding these ocean-atmospheric 14C differences is important both to estimate the calendar ages of samples which obtained their 14C in the marine environment, and to investigate the carbon cycle. The Marine20 radiocarbon age calibration curve is created to address these dual aims by providing a global-scale surface ocean record of radiocarbon from 55,000–0 cal yr BP that accounts for the smoothed response of the ocean to variations in atmospheric 14C production rates and factors out the effect of known changes in global-scale palaeoclimatic variables. The curve also serves as a baseline to study regional oceanic 14C variation. Marine20 offers substantial improvements over the previous Marine13 curve. In response to community questions, we provide a short intuitive guide, intended for the lay-reader, on the construction and use of the Marine20 calibration curve. We describe the choices behind the making of Marine20, as well as the similarities and differences compared with the earlier Marine calibration curves. We also describe how to use the Marine20 curve for calibration and how to estimate ΔR—the localized variation in the oceanic 14C levels due to regional factors which are not incorporated in the global-scale Marine20 curve. To aid understanding, illustrative worked examples are provided.
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  • 5
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    Marine radiocarbon calibration in polar regions: a simple approximate approach using Marine20 (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Marine20 radiocarbon (14C) age calibration curve, and all earlier marine 14C calibration curves from the IntCal group, must be used extremely cautiously for the calibration of marine 14C samples from polar regions (outside ∼ 40ºS–40ºN) during glacial periods. Calibrating polar 14C marine samples from glacial periods against any Marine calibration curve (Marine20 or any earlier product) using an estimate of , the regional 14C depletion adjustment, that has been obtained from samples in the recent (non-glacial) past is likely to lead to bias and overconfidence in the calibrated age. We propose an approach to calibration that aims to address this by accounting for the possibility of additional, localized, glacial 14C depletion in polar oceans. We suggest, for a specific polar location, bounds on the value of during a glacial period. The lower bound may be based on 14C samples from the recent non-glacial (Holocene) past and corresponds to a low-depletion glacial scenario. The upper bound, , representing a high-depletion scenario is found by increasing according to the latitude of the 14C sample to be calibrated. The suggested increases to obtain are based upon simulations of the Hamburg Large Scale Geostrophic Ocean General Circulation Model (LSG OGCM). Calibrating against the Marine20 curve using the upper and lower bounds provide estimates of calibrated ages for glacial 14C samples in high- and low-depletion scenarios which should bracket the true calendar age of the sample. In some circumstances, users may be able to determine which depletion scenario is more appropriate using independent paleoclimatic or proxy evidence.
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  • 6
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    The impact of spatially varying ice sheet basal conditions on sliding at glacial time scales (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: Spatially variable basal conditions are thought to govern how ice sheets behave at glacial time scales (〉1000 years) and responsible for changes in dynamics between the core and peripheral regions of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets. Basal motion is accomplished via the deformation of unconsolidated sediments, or via sliding of the ice over an undeformable bed. We present an ice sheet sliding module for the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) that takes into account changes in sediment cover and incorporates surface meltwater. This model routes meltwater, produced at the surface and base of the ice sheet, toward the margin of the ice sheet. Basal sliding is accomplished through the deformation of water saturated sediments, or sliding at the ice-bed interface. In areas with continuous, water saturated sediments, sliding is almost always accomplished through sediment deformation. In areas with incomplete cover, sliding has a stronger dependence on the supply of water. We find that the addition of surface meltwater to the base is a more important factor for ice sheet evolution than the style of sliding. In a glacial cycle simulation, our model causes a more rapid buildup of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
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  • 7
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    IPPC 2022: Climate Change 2022 : impacts, adaptation and vulnerability : working group II contribution to the sith assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Cross-sectoral Perspectives (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Biotic and abiotic drivers affect parasite richness, prevalence and abundance in Mytilus galloprovincialis along the Northern Adriatic Sea (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Although it is generally known that a combination of abiotic and biotic drivers shapes the distribution and abundance of parasites, our understanding of the interplay of these factors remains to be assessed for most marine host species. The present field survey investigated spatial patterns of richness, prevalence and abundance of parasites in Mytilus galloprovincialis along the coast of the northern Adriatic Sea. Herein, the relationships between biotic (host size, density and local parasite richness of mussel population) and abiotic (eutrophication and salinity) drivers and parasite richness of mussel individuals, prevalence and abundance were analysed. Local parasite richness was the most relevant factor driving parasite species richness in mussel individuals. Prevalence was mainly driven by eutrophication levels in 3 out of 4 parasite species analysed. Similarly, abundance was driven mainly by eutrophication in two parasite species. Mussel size, density and salinity had only minor contributions to the best fitting models. This study highlights that the influence of abiotic and biotic drivers on parasite infections in mussels can be differentially conveyed, depending on the infection measure applied, i.e., parasite richness, prevalence or abundance. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of eutrophication as a major factor influencing parasite prevalence and abundance in mussels in the Adriatic Sea
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  • 10
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    IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 11
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    Effects of first intermediate host density, host size and salinity on trematode infections in mussels of the south-western Baltic Sea (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Trematode prevalence and abundance in hosts are known to be affected by biotic drivers as well as by abiotic drivers. In this study, we used the unique salinity gradient found in the south-western Baltic Sea to: (i) investigate patterns of trematode infections in the first intermediate host, the periwinkle Littorina littorea and in the downstream host, the mussel Mytilus edulis, along a regional salinity gradient (from 13 to 22) and (ii) evaluate the effects of first intermediate host (periwinkle) density, host size and salinity on trematode infections in mussels. Two species dominated the trematode community, Renicola roscovita and Himasthla elongata. Salinity, mussel size and density of infected periwinkles were significantly correlated with R. roscovita, and salinity and density correlated with H. elongata abundance. These results suggest that salinity, first intermediate host density and host size play an important role in determining infection levels in mussels, with salinity being the main major driver. Under expected global change scenarios, the predicted freshening of the Baltic Sea might lead to reduced trematode transmission, which may be further enhanced by a potential decrease in periwinkle density and mussel size.
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  • 12
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    Ecological turnover in neotropical freshwater and terrestrial communities during episodes of abrupt climate change (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The last 85,000 years were characterized by high climate and environmental variability on the Yucatán Peninsula. Heinrich stadials are examples of abrupt climate transitions that involved shifts in regional temperatures and moisture availability. Thus, they serve as natural experiments to evaluate the contrasting responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We used ostracodes and pollen preserved in a 75.9-m-long sediment core (PI-6, ~85 ka) recovered from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, to assess the magnitude and velocity of community responses. Ostracodes are sensitive to changes in water temperature and conductivity. Vegetation responds to shifts in temperature and the ratio of evaporation to precipitation. Ostracodes display larger and more rapid community changes than does vegetation. Heinrich Stadial 5-1 (HS5-1) was cold and dry and is associated with lower ostracode and vegetation species richness and diversity. In contrast, the slightly warmer and dry conditions during HS6 and HS5a are reflected in higher ostracode species richness and diversity. Our paleoecological study revealed the greatest ecological turnover for ostracodes occurred from 62.5 to 51.0 ka; for pollen, it was at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition. Future studies should use various climate and environmental indicators from lake and marine sediment records to further explore late glacial paleoclimate causes and effects in the northern neotropics.
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  • 13
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    Constraining past environmental changes of cold‐water coral mounds with geochemical proxies in corals and foraminifera (2021)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Cold‐water coral (CWC) reefs and mounds are and have been biodiversity hotspots of the deep sea. As their occurrence depends on specific environmental parameters, gaining hindsight on changing ocean conditions under on‐going climate change is the key to a better understanding of CWC mound development through time. A convenient technique for reconstructing the palaeoenvironment during periods of CWC mound growth is by extracting geochemical proxies from biologically mediated carbonates. Here, the focus is on probably the two most abundant calcareous archives, that are, cold‐water Scleractinia and Foraminifera, with an overview of the geochemical proxies (selection) used in these aragonitic and calcitic skeletons from CWC mounds. A particular emphasis is set on constraining proxies for temperature, salinity, seawater density, seawater carbonate systems parameters (pH, CO 3 2− ), nutrients, oxygen and water mass tracers.
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  • 14
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    Insolation and Greenhouse Gas Forcing of the South American Monsoon System Across Three Glacial‐Interglacial Cycles (2020)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Precipitation extremes with devastating socioeconomic consequences within the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) are expected to become more frequent in the near future. The complexity in SAMS behavior, however, poses severe challenges for reliable future projections. Thus, robust paleomonsoon records are needed to constrain the high spatiotemporal variability in the response of SAMS rainfall to different climatic drivers. This study uses Ti/Ca ratios from X‐ray fluorescence scanning of a sediment core retrieved off eastern Brazilian to trace precipitation changes over the past 322 Kyr. The results indicate that despite the spatiotemporal complexity of the SAMS, insolation forcing is the primary pacemaker of variations in the monsoonal system. Additional modulation by atmospheric p CO 2 suggests that SAMS intensity over eastern Brazil will be suppressed by rising CO 2 emissions in the future. Lastly, our record reveals an unprecedented strong and persistent wet period during Marine Isotope Stage 6 driven by anomalously strong trade winds.
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  • 15
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    Social Sustainability, Past and Future. Undoing Unintended Consequences for the Earth's Survival (2020)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  New Directions in Sustainability and Society
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: In this Open Access book, Sander van der Leeuw examines how the modern world has been caught in a socioeconomic dynamic that has generated the conundrum of sustainability. Combining the methods of social science and complex systems science, he explores how western, developed nations have globalized their world view and how that view has led to the sustainability challenges we are now facing. Its central theme is the coevolution of cognition, demography, social organization, technology, and environmental impact. Beginning with the earliest human societies, van der Leeuw links the distant past with the present in order to demonstrate how the information and communications technology revolution is undermining many of the institutional pillars on which contemporary societies have been constructed. An original view of social evolution as the history of human information-processing, his book shows how the past offers insight into the present and can help us deal with the future.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 16
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    Squid diet of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) in the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica during late summer (1994)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 6 (02). pp. 241-247.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-15
    Description: The data presented provides new information on the distribution of Antarctic squids and on the summer diet of the emperor penguins. The diet of 58 adult emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) on the fast ice of the Drescher Inlet, Vestkapp Ice Shelf (72°52′S, 19°25′W) in the eastern Weddell Sea was investigated. Prey consisted principally of squid, fish, krill, amphipods and isopods. Squids were identified by the lower beaks and allometric equations were used to estimate the squid biomass represented. Beaks occurred in 93% of the stomach samples. Each sample contained a mean of 27 beaks (range 1–206). Ninety-two percent of the squids could be identified by the lower beaks and belonged to four families (Onychoteuthidae, Psychroteuthidae, Neoteuthidae and Gonatidae). The most abundant squid was Psychroteuthis glacialis which occurred in 52 samples with lower rostral lengths (LRL) ranging from 1.4–7.2 mm. Forty-five samples contained Alluroteuthis antarcticus (LRL range 1.8–5.8 mm), 17 Kondakovia longimana (LRL range 4–12.1 mm), and four Gonatus antarcticus (LRL range 4.1–6.1 mm). In terms of biomass K. longimana was the most important species taken by the penguins comprising 50% of total estimated squid wet mass (245348 g) in 1990 and 48% in 1992 (154873 g). However, if only fresh beaks were considered for estimations of squid consumption, i.e. beaks that have been accumulated for not longer than 5–6 days in the stomachs, squid diet was of minor importance. Then total squid wet mass accounted for only 4809 g in 1990 and 5445 g in 1992 which implies that one penguin took c.30 g squid d−1 with P. glacialis and A. antarcticus being the most important by mass. The prey composition suggests that emperor penguins take squid at the steep slope regions of the eastern Weddell Sea.
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  • 17
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    Morphological variation in shallow-water octopuses (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1994)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 232 (3). pp. 491-504.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: Whether the study of external morphology can increase our knowledge of shallow-water octopuses and their biology is tested by multivariate morphometric analyses. The extent of morphological variation among 20 species from the Atlantic and eastern tropical Pacific Oceans is explored, and four hypotheses are addressed: (1) that octopuses show secondary sexual dimorphism; (2) that remote, ostensibly conspecific populations are morphologically distinct; (3) that morphometric characters contribute to resource partitioning among sympatric species; and (4) that morphology is predictably associated with habitat. Results of principal components analysis show most species to be very similar in shape. Arm length contributes most shape variation; other characters contribute little. Principal components and size-free discriminant analyses refute each of the hypotheses considered. The morphological similarity of isolated Atlantic populations may be a symplesiomorphy, but information on the planktonic phase of the octopus lire cycle supports the possibility of dispersal across the Atlantic Ocean. Size, not directly treated here, may significantly affect some aspects of octopus biology. Increased female size may evolve due to selection for increased fecundity and intraspecific niche partitioning. Size may also indicate interaction within and among species. Characters of shape, deemed essential to species descriptions, do not appear to be able to identify most specimens, nor to increase our understanding of octopus biology.
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  • 18
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    Reproductive biology of Todaropsis eblanae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in Scottish waters (1994)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 74 (02). pp. 367-382.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: During a study based on catches taken in the northern North Sea by selected Scottish fishing boats during 1985–1992, large numbers of the normally rare short-fin squid, Todaropsis eblanae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae), were recorded in 1987 and 1990. Our findings, supported by data obtained from plankton/young fish surveys in 1988 and 1989, suggest that in northern waters Todaropsis eblanae generally mates and spawns during late summer and early autumn (June-November). Successful hatching events appear to occur during October-March, producing juvenile (stage I) squid in the early part of the year (January-June). Estimations of maximum male reproductive output and female fecundity were up to 130 spermatophores and ~28,000 eggs per individual, respectively.
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  • 19
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    Morphology and function of the mandibular muscles in some coleoid cephalopods (1994)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 74 . pp. 801-822.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-19
    Description: The functional morphology of the buccal mass of 23 species of cephalopod (Octopoda, 4 species; Teuthoidea, 17; Sepioidea, 2) was investigated by gross dissection, histology and observations on fresh preparations. Cephalopod beaks lack a joint or articulation point. The jaws slide and rotate around an area rather than a fixed point. During closing the superior mandibular muscle (SMM) provides the force of a bite and the largest movement vector, whilst the inferior mandibular muscle (IMM) acts to retract the upper beak, causing shearing action. Dorsal portions of the lateral mandibular muscles (LMM) flex the upper beak walls outwards, probably to accomodate the backwards sweep of the radula and buccal palps during closing. To open the beaks, the ventral portions to the lateral mandibular muscles pull the rear lateral walls of the two beaks towards each other, moving the lower beak back relative to the upper. The buccal mass weighs more in decapods (0.65-4.34% of body weight) than octopods (0.49-0.77%). The weight difference is mainly accounted for by the size of the superior mandibular muscle. Beak shape and muscle volume are related. Increasing the size of the upper beak hood and lateral wall area results in larger SMM and LMM respectively Increasing hood size in the lower beak increases IMM size, and altering the angle by which the wings meet the lateral wall changes the volume of the SMM and LMM. To accomodate the decapod pointed upper rostrum, the lateral walls of the lower beak have shortened in length, whilst increasing in breadth and surface relief to maintain the area available for muscle insertion. In species with a lateral wall ridge or fold (e.g. Onychoteuthis) this may mark the insertion point of the LMM.
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  • 20
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    Arm autotomy and arm branching pattern as anti-predatory adaptations in stalked and stalkless crinoids (1994)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Paleobiology, 20 (1). pp. 27-39.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-22
    Description: Arm autotomy was induced in a living specimen of Metacrinus rotundus (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). An arm was autotomized at a ligamentary articulation known as a cryptosyzygy, following incision by scissors distal to the break point. Although sessile stalked crinoids cannot entirely escape from a predatory attack by arm autotomy and they do not have an active defense, arm autotomy at cryptosyzygies reduces damage and arm loss by effective distribution, and by minimizing trauma and facilitating subsequent regeneration. The paradigmatic distribution of cryptosyzygies in which arm loss is set at a minimum, compared with the actual distribution, shows that these two patterns are similar and that actual specimens successfully reduce arm loss by the effective distribution of cryptosyzygies. The crinoid branching pattern also affects arm loss, and two different paradigms are discussed: anti-predatory and harvesting. Arm branching patterns of various isocrinids have tended toward the anti-predatory configuration from the Jurassic to the Recent, suggesting that the isocrinids have coped with increased predation. Shallow-water comatulids generally adopt the anti-predatory paradigm in their branching pattern, whereas many deep-water, stalked crinoids adopt a harvesting paradigm, reflecting that shallow-water comatulids receive more predatory attacks than do deep-water crinoids.
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  • 21
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    Terminal spawning in the deepwater squid Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) (1994)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology , 234 . pp. 189-201.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-09
    Description: Maturation in the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens was found to be irreversible, with death following shortly after sexual maturation and spawning. Both males and females were found with spent gonads. The ovary reaches very large sizes in mature females and probably prevends feeding by constricting the caecum. There was also a marked difference in the tissue with an inelastic, gelantinous appearence. Histological examination of the mantle wall revealed that the tissue breakdown was due to a drastic histolysis of muscle tissue and, to a lesser extent, collagen fibres. Mature males also showed some tissue breakdown and loss of muscle fibres but this was not as dramatic as in the females. These features are considered in relation to processes contributing to terminal maturation in M. ingens.
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  • 22
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    Unbounded Quantum Diffusion and Fractal Spectra (1994)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Unbounded Quantum Diffusion and Fractal Spectra | Quantum Chaos: Between Order and Disorder
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 23
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    Fracture of Brittle Solids (1993)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 34, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 0-691-12183-4, 2005 (481 pp. + CD-ROM))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of geology ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Fracture
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    Food of striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, in the Ligurian Sea (1993)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 73 (03). p. 571.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The stomachsof 23 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba Meyen, 1833, Cetacea), stranded along the Ligurian coast (western Mediterranean Sea), contained 32 species of cephalopods, crustaceans and fishes, totalling an estimated 2,723 prey specimens representing about 36 kg in weight. Cephalopods and bony fishes were equally important in the diet (50%). Todarodes sagittatus (34.5%) and Micromesistius poutassou (25.9%) were found to be the most important food species. Other species belonging to six cephalopod families, three crustacean families and nine bony fish families, contributed to the diet with variable numbers, weights, and occurrences, demonstrating the opportunistic character of striped dolphin feeding.
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  • 25
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    Age, growth and maturation of the loliginid squids Alloteuthis africana and A. Subulata on the west African shelf (1993)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 73 (04). p. 949.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Samples of two loliginid squids Alloteuthis africana and A. subulata were collected from the continental shelf off the west Sahara in August-September 1987. Statoliths were taken from 124 specimens and processed using statolith ageing techniques. Statoliths of both species were very similar in shape. In the ground statolith, growth increments were examined and grouped into four growth zones distinguished mainly by the width of the increments. Age of adult mature males of both species did not exceed eight months, that of females six months. Alloteuthis africana grew faster than A. subulata in weight and, particularly, in length. At age 180 d the mantle of A. africana was twice as long and the body weight 1·2–1·5 times as large. Both species matured over a wide range of sizes and ages (from 120 to 180 d). The life span of A. africana and A. subulata hatching between January and May on the west Saharan shelf is about six months, much shorter than that of A. subulata in its northern temperate range.
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  • 26
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    Statolith Microstructure and Maximum age of Loligo Gahi (Myopsida: Loliginidae) on the Patagonian Shelf (1993)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 73 (04). p. 979.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Statoliths of Loligo gahi were sampled in the fishery region 45–47°S on the Patagonian shelf during September 1989. Peculiarities of the growth zones in the ground statoliths of adults are described. Maximum age of large maturing and mature females (130–160 mm of mantle length, ML) was estimated to be 325–345 d, that of large mature males (250–290 mm ML) ranged from 360 to 396 d. The squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny, 1835, occurs in temperate shelf and upper slope waters of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South America and is caught commercially by the international fleet in the southern part of the Patagonian shelf within the Falkland Islands Interim Conservation Zone (FICZ) (Roper et al., 1984; Csirke, 1987). Occasionally, dense shoals of L. gahi appear in the fishery region 45–47°S off the Exclusive Economic Zone of Argentina (EEZA) and have been caught in significant numbers by trawlers at depths of 120–150 m in September-October (Chesheva, 1990). Loligo gahi is a medium sized loliginid; in Falkland waters males attain 350 mm ML, females 210 mm ML (Hatfield, 1991), while in the fishery region 45–47°S maximum size is 260 mm and 160 mm, respectively (Chesheva, 1990). Patterson (1988) revealed two Falkland spawning stocks of L. gahi of unclear status, spring-spawners and autumn-spawners (austral seasons) and pointed out that the life span of squid of each stock lasted ~1 y. Recently Hatfield (1991) used statoliths to elucidate Patterson's (1988) estimations of age and growth of Falkland stocks of L. gahi and confirmed the 1-y duration of L. gahi's life span.
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  • 27
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    Growth of the Mediterranean GorgonianLophogorgia ceratophyta(L., 1758) (1993)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Marine Ecology, 14 (4). pp. 329-340.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-04
    Description: Growth of the shallow-water gorgonian Lophogorgia ceratophyta was investigated in an infralittoral station located in La Spezia Gulf, Ligurian Sea. Mean annual height growth rate was estimated to be 2.57 cm · a-1. The fractal dimension of the colonies was found to gradually evolve in complexity, exhibiting a simpler branching pattern in younger specimens. The maintenance of a low, invariable ramification complexity as an optimal choice in managing relationships between water and the colony's living tissues is also discussed.
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  • 28
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    Preparation and characterization of highly pure fractions of outer membrane, cytoplasmic and intracytoplasmic membranes from Ectothiorhodospira mobilis (1993)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of General Microbiology, 139 (1). pp. 111-117.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: Outer membrane (OM), cytoplasmic membrane (CM) and intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) from the halophilic phototrophic purple sulphur bacterium Ectothiorhodospira mobilis 9903 were purified and characterized. The three membrane fractions were significantly different in regard to protein profiles on SDS-PAGE, and to the composition of amino acids, fatty acids and lipids. The presence of lipoproteins, the occurrence of lyso-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and an increased content of saturated and short-chain fatty acids are characteristic properties of the OM. CM and ICM fractions are different on the basis of buoyant density, of protein profiles and amino acid composition, and due to the presence of succinate dehydrogenase activity in CM. In addition, CM and ICM showed significant differences in pigment content and absorption spectra.
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  • 29
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    Benthic standing stock and metabolic activity in the bathyal Red Sea from 17°N to 27°N (1993)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Marine Ecology, 14 . pp. 67-79.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-05
    Description: To study the impact of the gradient of primary production between the southern, central, and northern Red Sea, benthic metabolism and standing stocks were investigated in the axial trough between 17°N and 27°N. Data on sediment chloroplastic pigments, macrofauna and meiofauna abundance, particulate adenylate, protein and carbohydrate biomass, as well as electron transport activity of the sediment community give evidence for an enhanced benthic standing stock and activity in the southern Red Sea south of 18°N; this is related to the increased primary productivity in the area south 16°N. Despite a large primary production only small benthic standing stocks were found in all areas investigated; they are much smaller than in other parts of the world's deep oceans with comparable primary production. The low benthic biomass is caused by two factors: a large proportion of particulate organic carbon is remineralized in the water column, while only a relatively small amount sediments to the sea floor; nearly all sedimented particulate organic matter is respired by the benthic community of the deep Red Sea and only a minute proportion is used for the production of benthic biomass.
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  • 30
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    Breeding habitats of emperor penguins in the western Ross Sea (1993)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Antarctic Science, 5 (2). pp. 143-148.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-17
    Description: Within the Western Ross Sea, there are six emperor penguin colonies of widely different size that occur exclusively on sea ice. In 1990 a survey of all six sites, two by close overflights and four from the ground, showed that the breeding habitats were highly variable. The most important physical characteristics of these habitats appear to be stable fast ice, nearby open water, access to fresh snow, and shelter from the wind.
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  • 31
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    Flow direction and groundmass shear zones in dykes, Shimane Peninsula, Japan (1993)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 130 (01). p. 117.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: The groundmass of andesitic dykes at Sezaki, southwest Japan, has trachytic texture and contains microscopic shear zones. The shear zones comprise a conjugate pair formed by flattening of the solidifying dyke rock, probably caused by the magma pressure of the still molten part of the dyke. This pressure shortened the solidifying rock perpendicular to the dyke margins and caused it to extrude parallel to the magma flow direction. The groundmass shears indicate that locally the magma flowed 60° upward in the dykes. It is concluded that while groundmass shears are a useful indicator of flow direction in dykes, phenocryst alignment in dykes is strongly influenced by magma-pressure flattening and thus may be a poor indicator of flow direction.
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  • 32
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    Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 271, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN: 0-08-043649-8)
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    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: FractureT ; Chaotic behaviour ; Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of geology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 33
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    Europe's lithosphere - seismic structure (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  A Continent Revealed - the European Geotraverse, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 37, pp. 33-69, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Review article ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; European Geotraverse ; CRUST ; earth mantle ; Muller
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 34
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    Age and growth estimation of the European squid, Loligo vulgaris, based on statolith microstructure (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72 (02). p. 271.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Age and growth were estimated in the European squid, Loligo vulgaris, by examining growth increments in the statoliths of 203 specimens collected from off the French Mediterranean coast. Length and increment data were analyzed assuming that the increments were formed daily. The relationships between age and length showed that: growth rate varied considerably among individuals; growth was double exponential; the squids grew on average to 240 mm ML at 240 d from hatching, with a maximum of 350 mm at 240 d; the life span is probably about one year.
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  • 35
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    Loss of meal antigenicity during digestion in Sepia officinalis (Cephalopoda: Sepioidea) (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72 (03). p. 543.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Some of the limits to the use of serology to identify prey species in the digestive tracts of cephalopods have been evaluated. Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, were given meals of krill slurry (Euphausia superba). Protein extracts of contents from four regions of the digestive tract, stomach, caecum, digestive gland and intestine, were tested for prey antigenicity. Digestion times (loss of antigenicity) ranged from 1 to 8 h depending on sampling site. Stomach and caecum emptied rapidly, but meal antigenicity persisted longer in the digestive gland. The Sepia experiments provide a basis for interpretation of results from natural predation by cephalopods).
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  • 36
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    Production of soma and gonad in maturing female Illex argentinus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72 (02). pp. 281-291.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Samples of female lllex argentinus were taken from the catch of a Japanese squid jigging vessel on the Patagonian Shelf during March 1986. Morphometrics of the somatic and reproductive organ systems and the histological structure of the mantle in relation to maturation were examined. The data suggest that growth and maturation occur simultaneously during most of the time that lllex argentinus females are on the feeding grounds. In a squid of a ‘standard’ mantle length the whole body mass increases relative to mantle length during maturation and growth of the reproductive organs. This is accompanied by a small but significant decrease in the relative mass of the mantle, head and viscera whilst the mass of the digestive gland remains constant. Although mantle mass of a ‘standard’ female squid decreases relative to mantle length with maturity this is not associated with degeneration of the mantle muscles. Energy and nutrient resources for maturation are apparently derived from the squid's food, not from reserves, and during the course of maturation there is an increasing shift of emphasis from somatic growth to production of gonad and accessory reproductive organs.
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  • 37
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    Timing of spawning and recruitment in Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in Scottish waters (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72 (02). pp. 301-311.
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The timing of spawning and recruitment in the squid Loligo forbesi in Scottish waters is described on the basis of data from three sources: monthly samples of squid caught by commercial trawls (1986–1988), egg masses found by fishermen (1987–1991), and statistical data on animals caught by research trawls (1978–1987). Spawning females were present in samples from December to June, with peak spawning occurring in March. Most records of egg masses were from these months, but eggs were also found in August and September. These results suggest that there is an extended spawning season. Small squid (≤100 mm dorsal mantle length) were rarely present in commercial samples, but were recorded in research samples almost all year round. Thus there appears to be more or less continuous recruitment into the catchable population. The results of the present study are consistent with published data from other parts of the geographic range in that there is a regular seasonal peak in spawning, and spawning adults disappear from the population in summer. Further interpretation of the life-cycle of this species is not justified on the basis of current knowledge, and more information is needed on migrations, geographical variation, and lifespan in Loligo forbesi.
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  • 38
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    Cephalopods from the stomachs of a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) from the Mediterranean (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72 (04). p. 861.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Cephalopod remains from the stomachs of a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus Cuvier, 1812, Cetacea) entangled in a fishing net off the Ligurian coast (central Mediterranean Sea) include squids Ancistroteuthis lichtensteini, Histioteuthis bonnellii, H. reversa and Todarodes sagittatus and the sepiolid Heteroteuthis dispar. All these cephalopods live in oceanic water including water over the steep continental slope where Risso's dolphin is frequently sighted. Histioteuthis reversa contributed 78% of the cephalopods by number, 81% of the wet weight and 73% of the dry weight and calorific value. The total calorific value of the cephalopods represented by lower beaks was 17,300 kj.
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  • 39
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    Feeding spectrum of squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Oegopsida) in the eastern Pacific (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72 (04). p. 849.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The stomach contents of 235 specimens of the squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (4·3–36·5 cm mantle length, ML) were examined. A detailed list of 60 species of prey, comprising young and adult squid, is given together with their frequency of occurrence and proportional contribution. The size and number of each food item was investigated. Three ontogenetic size-groups of S. oualaniensis were distinguished: I, fry and young (4–10 cm ML), micronektonic epipelagic plankton-eaters; II, transient critical size group (10–15 cm ML), converting from feeding on planktonic crustaceans and fish larvae to myctophid fishes; III, medium-sized (adult) nyctoepipelagic nektonic predators (15–36·5 cm ML), feeding primarily on myctophids and secondarily on squid. Myctophids (genera Symbolophorus, Myctophum and Hygophum) were the most abundant prey in the diet of adult S. oualaniensis from different parts of its distribution.
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  • 40
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    Prey species and nutritive value of food fed during summer to King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonica chicks at Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago (1992)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Ibis, 134 (2). pp. 118-127.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-29
    Description: The diet of King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonica at Possession Island was studied in February 1989 by analysis of 20 stomach contents collected from adult birds, just before they fed their single chicks. The mean mass of the samples was 1.84 kg, equivalent to 15% of the unladen adult body-mass. Fish accounted for 99.8% and squids for 0.2% by mass. The main prey were mesopelagic myctophid fish which live in dense shoals and perform a daily vertical migration. Subadults/adults of Electrona carlsbergi and juveniles and subadults/adults of Krefftichthys anderssoni represented 73.7 and 13.4% of the diet by mass, respectively. No difference was found in the diet of male and female King Penguins. Comparison of individual samples suggests that these birds catch a large quantity of fish from only a limited number of shoals. The mean caloric content of the food was 7 kJ/g wet mass. The total energy requirement of each chick during its initial period of growth was estimated to amount to 328,000 kJ, equivalent to 55 kg of food. The rate at which energy was delivered to the chick was calculated to be 50 W during this period.
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  • 41
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    A histological study of the accessory reproductive organs of femaleLoligo forbesi(Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) (1992)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 226 (3). pp. 469-490.
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: In Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, the female reproductive system consists of the ovary and accessory reproductive organs which include the oviducal gland, the nidamental gland, the accessory nidamental gland and seminal receptacle. Histological studies were made on the accessory reproductive organs of female L. forbesi. The various changes observed during maturation are described and the functional significance discussed. The secretions produced by the oviducal gland and nidamental gland apparently form the egg coats. The seminal receptacle serves to store spermatozoa after mating. The function of the accessory nidamental gland is unknown.
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  • 42
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    Production of soma and gonad in maturing male Illex argentinus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72 (02). p. 293.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Samples of male Illex argentinus were taken from the catch of a Japanese squid jigging vessel on the Patagonian Shelf during March 1986 and an analysis was carried out on the morphometrics of the somatic and reproductive organ systems in relation to maturation. The data show that growth and maturation occurred simultaneously during most of the time that Illex argentinus males were on the feeding grounds over the southern Patagonian Shelf. In a squid of a ‘standard’ mantle length the whole body mass increased relative to mantle length during maturation and this could be attributed to the increase in mass of the reproductive and accessory reproductive organs. During maturation the mantle and digestive gland mass showed no significant change relative to mantle length. The mass of the head increased and the mass of the viscera decreased relative to mantle length. In male Illex argentinus, as in the female, the energy and nutrient resources for maturation are derived from the squid's food and during the course of maturation there is an increasing shift of emphasis from somatic growth to production of gonad and accessory reproductive organs. The proportional investment of body mass in reproductive and accessory reproductive organs predicted for a fully mature male Illex argentinus was less than half that of the female.
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  • 43
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    Deep-sea cephalopods of the north-western Mediterranean: indications of up-slope ontogenetic migration in two bathybenthic species (1992)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 227 (2). pp. 267-276.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The cephalopod fauna collected during six surveys carried out in the bathyal basin of the north-western Mediterranean is discussed. Samples were taken at depths mainly between 1000 and 2000 m. Ten species were identified. Bathypolypus sponsalis and Neorossia caroli were the commonest species. Small individuals of both these species occurred at greater depths than did larger individuals, suggesting up-slope ontogenetic migration. The depth ranges recorded for all species collected are discussed and compared to the results of previous studies found in the literature.
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  • 44
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    The Pennatulid Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in the Porcupine Seabight (north-east Atlantic Ocean) (1992)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom, 72 (2). pp. 417-434.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The upper bathyal sea-pen Kophobelemnon stelliferum extends to depths of about 1600 m in the Porcupine Seabight, to the south-west of Ireland, but is rare below about 1150 m. Photographic data suggest that the species attains numerical abundances of more than 2 m−2and a wet weight biomass of at least 4 g m−2. The highest densities, however, do not necessarily correspond to the highest biomass values since there is a clear depth-related change in population structure. The largest sea-pens are restricted to the deeper parts of the bathymetric range of the species. There is also a marked change in the growth form at a total colony length of about 250 mm, with larger colonies having relatively more polyps than smaller ones. The sexes are separate in Kophobelemnon stelliferum and the sex ratio of colonies is about 1:1. The maximum oocyte diameter is about 800 μm, but there is no evidence of seasonal reproduction by this pennatulid in the Porcupine Seabight.
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  • 45
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    The giant squid Architeuthis in southern African waters (1991)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 224 (3). pp. 431-477.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: Three specimens of the rare giant squid (genus Architeuthis, 18 nominal species) are described from the waters around southern Africa. Consideration of their internal and external morphology, including beaks, radula, statocyst and statolith give no reason to suppose that the three specimens do not pertain to the same species. A standardized data collection form and a summary of existing morphometric data are presented for the first time and the morphology and systematics of the genus are discussed. The value of various systematic characters is examined and certain guidelines are proposed, with an appeal for a more scientific approach to Architeuthis studies. Features of the internal anatomy, including the female reproductive tract, are described and illustrated and the beak dimensions are used to evaluate existing regression formulae for beak and body parameters. The statocyst and statolith are described and illustrated in full, the statolith for the first time, and are compared with those of other squids. The value of recent data from trawl-caught specimens, as well as indirect evidence, is cited to replace speculation in discussions on distribution and habitat. Our specimens suggest that the waters off the south-western coast of Africa may be one of the natural habitats of Architeurhis, during both feeding and spawning periods of the life cycle.
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  • 46
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    The butterfly squid Stoloteuthis leucoptera in the Mediterranean (1991)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 71 (01). p. 47.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The presence of Stoloteuthis leucoptera in the Mediterranean is recorded on the basis of three specimens, including an adult male, caught by IKMT and by commercial otter-trawl in the Ligurian Sea. The hypothesis of a recent immigration is discussed. The list of Mediterranean cephalopods (Mangold Wirz, 1963; Torchio, 1968; Bello, 1986; Mangold & Boletzsky, 1987) includes the Sepiolidae of the subfamily Heteroteuthinae, whose members are supposed to be pelagic throughout their life cycle. Mangold Wirz (1963) recognizes in the Mediterranean fauna the unique species Heteroteuthis dispar, the other authors include H. atlantis Voss, which Voss himself (1955) reported at Messina. To this group may now be added Stoloteuthis leucoptera (Verrill, 1878) a species until now recorded in limited Atlantic areas. Verrill (1881) wrote “This species is an exceedingly beautiful one, when living, owing to the elegance and brilliancy of its colours and the gracefulness of its movements. In swimming it moves its fins in a manner analogous to the motion of the wings of a butterfly.”
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  • 47
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    A note on the eggs of Benthoctopus piscatorum (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) (1991)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 223 (3). pp. 499-500.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: Benthoctopus piscatorum appears to be a multiple spawner. In the ovary of one specimen about 50 eggs were found at various stages of development.
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  • 48
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    Structure of the reproductive system of the squid Thysanoteuthis rhombus (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) (1991)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 224 (2). pp. 271-283.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The structure of the reproductive systems of mature males and females of the nektonic, oceanic squid Thysanoteuthis rhombus are described. The main peculiarities of the female system are relatively low capacity oviducts, set in a tight spiral, and hypertrophically developed oviducal glands with a very large second section. The male reproductive system is characterized by a long, narrow Needham's sac containing 10–15 large spermatophores 80–100 mm in length. The mesentery supporting the gonad, and protruding into it dorsally, is a characteristic feature in both sexes. The hectocotylus structure differs markedly from that in other squids and resembles that of sepiids. The reproductive system of T. rhombus possesses primitive features (pattern of gonad attachment and hectocotylus) but mostly secondary characters (small oviducts, very large oviducal glands and ovary). The complex morpho-ecological adaptations of T. rhombus are reflected in the distinctive features of the reproductive system.
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  • 49
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    Seasonal variation in the diet of common seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Moray Firth area of Scotland (1991)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 223 (4). pp. 641-652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: Seasonal variation in the diet of common seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Moray Firth, north-east Scotland, was determined from analysis of faecal samples collected at haul-out sites during each month of 1988. Data on diet of common seals in 1987 are also presented. Limitations of the methods available for quantification of diet are discussed. Although some of the observed variation in diet from month to month may reflect changes in the sampling regime, a clear seasonal pattern was apparent, with clupeids predominating in the winter and sandeels in the summer. The trends observed are consistent with opportunistic feeding on the most abundant Prey.
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  • 50
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    Identification of fish otoliths and bones in faeces and digestive tracts of seals (1991)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 224 (2). pp. 320-328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
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  • 51
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    Digestive tract contents of seals in Scottish waters: comparison of samples from salmon nets and elsewhere (1991)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 225 (4). pp. 670-676.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
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  • 52
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    Biostratigraphical correlation of the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary: Lägerdorf–Hemmoor (northwestern Germany), DSDP Sites 548A, 549 and 551 (eastern North Atlantic) with palaeobiogeographical and palaeoceanographical implications (1991)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 128 (5). pp. 479-503.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: A correlation of the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary is attempted using foraminiferal and nannoplankton data from two areas: the eastern North Atlantic and northwestern Germany. The Boreal benthic and Tethyan planktonic foraminiferal zonation schemes are applied to Site 548A, where both foraminiferal groups occur frequently. A direct comparison of both biozonations reveals that the base of the Maastrichtian, according to planktonic foraminifers, has to be placed in the Upper Campanian of the Boreal benthic foraminiferal biozonation, which concurs with the nannoplankton results. The Tethyan Middle and Upper Maastrichtian are probably equivalent to the Upper Maastrichtian in the Boreal sense. The bases of the Maastrichtian substages are thus diachronous between the Boreal and Tethyan realms. Palaeotemperatures (which were estimated using the oxygen isotopic composition of the Goban Spur chalks) indicate, in combination with palaeowind directions, that the faunal and floral distribution pattern recorded is the result of a stable, warm water outflow from the northwest European epicontinental seas through the Channel area to the Celtic Shelf sea and Goban Spur. This mechanism appears to have been a dominant separating factor of the Boreal and Tethyan bioprovinces on the western European Shelf.
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  • 53
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    Tackling the Sulfide Gradient: A Novel Strategy Involving Marine Nematodes and Chemoautotrophic Ectosymbionts (1991)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Marine Ecology, 12 (3). pp. 261-279.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-31
    Description: The Stilbonemutinue (marine free-living nematodes) arc remarkable for cctosymbiotic bacteria, which cover the greatest part of their body in a highly ordered and species specific pattern. Using SEM we describe the main types of symbiotic cover and give evidence for the role of the bacteria in the nutrition of their host on the basis of stable carbon isotope ratios. In experimental systems the worms migrated repeatedly across a sulfide gradient during 12 h when sulfide concentrations were low, but stayed above the sulfide maximum at high concentrations. The migration across the chemocline exposes the symbionts alternately to reduced sulfur compounds and oxygen; this constitutes an alternative strategy to the ventilation/circulation systems in symbiotic macrofauna from sulfidic habitats
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  • 54
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    Ihering's hypothesis in the light of foraminiferological data (1991)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Lethaia, 24 (2). pp. 191-198.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-15
    Description: The presence of several typically northern hemisphere foraminiferal species in the upper Miocene and Recent deposits of the Río de la Plata, Paraná river and adjacent areas, and their absence along the Brazilian coast strongly suggests that in the late Miocene the Caribbean and the Southern Atlantic were linked by a marine connection. This connection was first envisioned by H. von Ihering, who called it the ‘Arm of the Tethys’. It was represented by a very broad strait which ran meridionally across the South American continent. In the Pliocene it shrank considerably and its salinity was lowered by Andean river runoff. At the end of the Pliocene - beginning of the Pleistocene it gave rise to the Paraná river, a series of brackish water lakes and lagoons, and the Río de la Plata. □Foraminifera, arm of the Tethys, South America.
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  • 55
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    Comparative locomotor activity patterns in the portunid crabs Liocarcinus holsatus and L. depurator (1991)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom, 71 (1). pp. 1-10.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The free-running locomotor activity rhythms of freshly-captured swimming crabs Liocarcinus holsatus and L. depurator have been studied in constant conditions in the laboratory. L. holsatus captured in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches showed strong circatidal activity rhythms with maximum activity at high tide. L. holsatus captured in the sublittoral zone had a clear tendency to show circadian activity rhythms with highest activity during day-time hours. L. depurator occurred only sublittorally and showed circadian activity patterns with highest activity during the night. Exposure to hydrostatic pressure cycles of tidal amplitude and periodicity, entrained strong circatidal activity rhythms in previously arhythmic L. holsatus. This activity pattern also showed a marked circadian component. Exposure to the same regime entrained a circadian rhythm, but not a circatidal rhythm in L. depurator. In the sublittoral zone L. depurator is active mainly during the night, whereas L. holsatus, is active mainly during the day. This may constitute a behavioural mechanism for minimizing competitive interactions between these two sympatric crabs
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  • 56
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    The Asian snow cover - monsoon - ENSO connection (1991)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate Anomalies. , ed. by Glantz, M. H. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 191-226. ISBN 978-0521364751
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-07
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 57
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    Chaotic Dynamics: An Introduction (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Chaotic behaviour ; FractureT
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 58
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    Sandeels in the diets of seals: application of novel and conventional methods of analysis to faeces from seals in the Moray Firth area of Scotland (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70 (04). pp. 829-840.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Serological methods for prey identification have been applied to detection of residues ofsandeel (Ammodytidae) protein in faeces of common seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals(Halichoerus grypus) from the Moray Firth, north-east Scotland. Antisera raised to muscleprotein from Ammodytes marinus were evaluated by testing their reactions with proteinextracts made from a range of North Sea fish species and protein residues in in vitro digestates,seal digestive tracts and seal faeces. It was concluded that, using fused rocketimmuno-electrophoresis, linkage of precipitin peaks from unknown samples with peaksfrom standard sandeel extract was a reliable indicator of the presence of sandeel in theunknown sample. Seasonal variation in the incidence of sandeels in common seal diet in theMoray Firth was examined by identifying otoliths, bones, and proteins, and all threemethods indicated that sandeels occurred in the majority of samples tested in the summer,but were less important during the winter. Proteins were detected in fewer samples thanotoliths, particularly in February and March. Possible reasons for this difference arediscussed. Serological identification of sandeel proteins is potentially applicable to dietarystudies on all marine predators.
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  • 59
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    Some observations on the behaviour of adult squids, Loligo forbesi, in captivity (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70 (02). p. 459.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Thirty-four adult individuals of Loligo forbesi (males and females with dorsal mantle lengths from 27–77 cm) were observed in captivity in a 3 m diameter closed sea-water system on Faial Island, Azores. Squids were caught by jigging and were fed with horse mackerel (Trachurus picturatus) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), either alive or dead. The maximum survival was 73 days. Feeding behaviour was dependent upon both the size of prey and its state of preservation;e.g. the squid would eat the head of small fish (〈 about 15 cm), reject the head of medium-sized fish (about 15–35 cm) and would eat only the dorsal part of a big fish (〉 about 35 cm) or a fish poorly preserved. Seventeen chromatic, 9 postural and 6 movement components of body patterns were observed and described. Conspecific interactions considered to be aggression and dominance were observed among males; no such interactions occurred when one male and two females were kept together. Body patterns in relation to relaxation, stress, shock, feeding, locomotion and aggression are also described.
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  • 60
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    Cephalopods in the diet of the South African fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) (1990)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 221 (3). pp. 359-374.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The stomach contents of 1522 adult seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) and 673 pups, which were collected around the West and South Coasts of Southern Africa, were examined and cephalopod prey identified. About 20 cephalopod species (some identifications were uncertain) were found in the stomachs, of which only six were significant: Loligo vulgaris reynaudii. Sepia spp., Octopus sp., Todaropsis eblanae, Todarodes angolensis and Ocythoe tuberculata. This list suggests that A. pusillus feeds exclusively on the continental shelf, frequently on or near the bottom. Among adults, cephalopod prey varied in importance around the coast. It was most important on the South Coast of South Africa where it comprised 35.0% of the weight of all prey, of which L. v. veynaudii constituted about 88%. On the West Coast cephalopods comprised about 26.6% by weight of all prey, and Octopus sp. predominated, whereas in Namibian waters cephalopods were least important, constituting only 3.4% by weight of all prey, with Todarodes angolensis and Octopus sp. being most significant. Among pups (aged 8–10 months) in the Lüderitz (Namibia) area, cephalopods were about 16.9% of prey by weight, of which Ocythoe tuberculata, small Sepia spp. and Octopoda were most important.
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  • 61
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    The role of bacterial mats in phosphate mineralization with particular reference to the Monterey Formation (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Phosphate Deposits of the World Vol. 3: Neogene to modern phosphorites. , ed. by Burnett, W. C. and Riggs, S. R. Cambridge University Press, Camridge, England, pp. 300-311.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-04
    Description: Organic-rich shales sampled from the aples Beach section of the Monterey Formation. Califomia. contain authigenic phosphorite phases which apparently formed within bacterial mat laminations. Light and scanning electron microscope observations show that the fossilized remains ofthese mats are similar to communities of filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found today at slope-depth, sediment, oxic anoxic interfaces. The crystal size and habits ofthe phosphatic minerals resemble contemporaf) prec1pitates in contact with pore water solutions. Mineralogical and chemical analyses ofthe most phosphatic layers show that some are a nearly pure carbonate fluorapatite (or francolite). These la)ers are lightly colored and are sandwiched between black siliceous muds with 〈0.2% CaCOJ . and organic carbon contents that excecd 25%. In othcr phosphatic intcrvals of thc Naplcs Beach section. ca leite is a major diluent oflight and dark layers. The C:P ratio of a single modern bacterial mat sample shows that these benthic communities are more enriched in phosphorus than planktonic organic matter. Thus, the generally believed premise that authigenic phosphorite formation results from organic matter diagenesis in near-surface anoxic sediments is hcre modified by the contention that such transformations are more highly favored in sediments supporting massive microbial communities.
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  • 62
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    The impact of photoperiodicity on hatching of Loligo vulgaris and Loligo forbesi (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70 . pp. 597-610.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: The influence of photoperiodicity on hatching of Loligo forbesi and Loligo vulgaris embryos was investigated under different experimental light-dark (LD) conditions. The transition from light to dark stimulated hatching and functions as a "Zeitgeber" or synchronizer. Independent of the timing and duration of the dark period most embryos hatched soon after termination of the light period. Embyros which had developed in constant light, showed no hatching rhythm at all. If these embryos were exposed to a dark shock most embryos hatched soon after the onset of darkness. A twilight shock, in which the light was reduced by 50% (i.e. 50 µE s -1m-²), could not simulate hatching. Embryos which were kept from stage X on in an artifically controlled LD cycle, preferentially hatch in a period which coincides with the period at which darkness usually occured when placed in constant illumination from stage XX onwards.
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  • 63
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    Photoreception in squid (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Light and life in the sea. , ed. by Herring, P. J. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 199-207. ISBN 0-521-39207-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Description: Light absorbed by the photoreceptor membranes of the retina is transformed by a series of biochemical steps into changes in receptor potential. The visual pigment, rhodopsin, and associated enzymes which relay the visual signal belong to a widespread family of receptorenzyme complexes which transmit sensory, hormonal and neurotransmitter signals into cells. In the invertebrate visual system, rhodopsin activates enzymes which increase cytoplasmic calcium. The highly specialised and structurally ordered photoreceptors of the squid retina provide a favourable system for studying the mechanisms of these enzyme pathways.
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  • 64
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    Emperor penguin colony at Cape Washington, Antarctica (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Polar Record, 26 (157). pp. 103-108.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-23
    Description: This article describes the natural history of a large colony of emperor penguins Aptenodytes for steri , its size, dispersal pattern of chicks, and associations with other bird and mammal species. A mid-season count of 19,364 chicks indicated that about 20–25,000 breeding pairs had been present in June and July. The colony was fragmented into several sub-groups which showed different mean sizes of chicks and survival to fledging. Other species observed included leopard seals Hydrurga leptonyx , the only major predators, which preyed heavily on both adults and fledging chicks. Fledgelings left the colony over a period of about 10 days; departure was an active process in which the chicks walked to the ice edge and dispersed in groups, swimming consistently southward. At this time they were still in about 60% down and weighed about 10 kg, having lost some 30% of the heaviest mass achieved during parental feeding.
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  • 65
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    Properties and history of the central eastern Arctic sea floor (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Polar Record, 26 (156). pp. 1-6.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-18
    Description: The deep eastern Arctic basin between the Lomonosov Ridge and the Eurasian continental margin differs from other ocean basins in the very slow spreading of its floor and unusual depositional environment under perennial sea-ice cover. The recent expedition ARK IV/3 of RV Polar stern for the first time made geoscientific investigations from the northern margin of the Barents Sea north to the Nansen-Gakkel Ridge. Much deeper than most other mid-ocean ridges, this ridge is poorly-surveyed, but has a central valley which in places is deeper than 5.5 km, 1–1.5 km below the basin floors on either side. Heat flow in the central part of the valley is very rapid; both basement rocks and overlying sediments showed unexpectedly the influence of intense and long-term hydrothermal activity. The sediments on the northern and southern flanks of the ridge are slightly calcareous pelagic mud layers alternating with carbonate-free horizons, where up to 40% of the sedimentary section is soft mud clasts. Similar mud aggregates were observed on the surface of the multi-year sea ice, appearing to represent a special type of sediment transport by sea ice in the Transpolar Drift. In contrast to the western Arctic, Fram Strait and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, gravel is rarely found in sediment cores. Recovered cores indicate that icebergs and sea ice carrying coarse sediment seldom rafted detritus to the study area during the last approximately 300,000 years.
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  • 66
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    Forsterite dissolution in superheated basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic melts (1990)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Dissolution rates of small forsterite spheres in superheated melts of basalt, andesite and rhyolite composition have been measured at 1300°C, atmospheric pressure. The rate is constant (83 µm hr−1) in the basalt, regardless of run duration. In the andesite the initial dissolution rate is 200µm hr−1, followed by a decrease to a constant value of 16µmhr−1 in 2–3 hours. Dissolution rate in the rhyolite decreases from an initial value of 1.7 to 〈0.1 µmhr−1 over 280 hours and never reaches a constant rate. Once the rate of dissolution has become constant, the film of contaminated melt that forms in melt about a crystal does not thicken with time, indicating attainment of a steady-state condition. Steady state is attributed to natural convection arising from the difference in density between the film of contaminated melt surrounding a crystal and that beyond. The density difference is approximately 2% of the density of the rock melt.
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  • 67
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    Feeding Pattern of Sepia Officinalis (Cephalopoda: Sepiodidea) In The Ria De Vigo (Nw Spain) (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69 (03). pp. 545-553.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The importance of feeding pattern is well documented in fish (Jenkins & Green, 1977; Simenstad & Cailliet, 1986) but there are not many reported studies in cephalopods. Feeding patterns, as defined by Jenkins & Green (1977) have been studied, to our knowledge, only in Todarodes pacificus (Okiyama, 1965), Loligo pealei (Vovk, 1972), Loligo opalescens (Karpov & Cailliet, 1978), Illex illecebrosus (Amaratunga et ah, 1979; Amaratunga, 1980) and Nototodarus gouldi (O'Sullivan & Cullen, 1983). Boyle (1983) dealt with aspects of feeding in several cephalopod species but not specifically with feeding pattern. Aspects of feeding in Sepia officinalis have been reviewed by Nixon (1987). The present work describes the daily feeding pattern in Sepia officinalis from data collected in the field.
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  • 68
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    Explosive volcanism on Santorini, Greece (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 126 (02). p. 95.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Santorini volcanic field has had 12 major (1–10 km3 or more of magma), and numerous minor, explosive eruptions over the last ~ 200 ka. Deposits from these eruptions (Thera Pyroclastic Formation) are well exposed in caldera-wall successions up to 200 m thick. Each of the major eruptions began with a pumice-fall phase, and most culminated with emplacement of pyroclastic flows. Pyroclastic flows of at least six eruptions deposited proximal lag deposits exposed widely in the caldera wall. The lag deposits include coarse-grained lithic breccias (andesitic to rhyodacitic eruptions) and spatter agglomerates (andesitic eruptions only). Facies associations between lithic breccia, spatter agglomerate, and ignimbrite from the same eruption can be very complex. For some eruptions, lag deposits provide the only evidence for pyroclastic flows, because most of the ignimbrite is buried on the lower flanks of Santorini or under the sea. At least eight eruptions tapped compositionally heterogeneous magma chambers, producing deposits with a range of zoning patterns and compositional gaps. Three eruptions display a silicic–silicic + mafic–silicic zoning not previously reported. Four eruptions vented large volumes of dacitic or rhyodacitic pumice, and may account for 90% or more of all silicic magma discharged from Santorini. The Thera Pyroclastic Formation and coeval lavas record two major mafic-to-silicic cycles of Santorini volcanism. Each cycle commenced with explosive eruptions of andesite or dacite, accompanied by construction of composite shields and stratocones, and culminated in a pair of major dacitic or rhyodacitic eruptions. Sequences of scoria and ash deposits occur between most of the twelve major members and record repeated stratocone or shield construction following a large explosive eruption. Volcanism at Santorini has focussed on a deep NE–SW basement fracture, which has acted as a pathway for magma ascent. At least four major explosive eruptions began at a vent complex on this fracture. Composite volcanoes constructed north of the fracture were dissected by at least three caldera-collapse events associated with the pyroclastic eruptions. Southern Santorini consists of pryoclastic ejecta draped over a pre-volcanic island and a ridge of early- to mid-Pleistocene volcanics. The southern half of the present-day caldera basin is a long-lived, essentially non-volcanic, depression, defined by topographic highs to the south and east, but deepened by subsidence associated with the main northern caldera complex, and is probably not a separate caldera.
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  • 69
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    Sexual differences in the absolute growth pattern of the Indo-Pacific sandy shore crab Matuta lunaris (1989)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 218 (4). pp. 603-608.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 70
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    Surface-feeding on cephalopods by procellariiform seabirds in the southern Benguela region, South Africa (1989)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 218 (4). pp. 549-563.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-09
    Description: Cephalopod beaks recovered from stomach samples taken from l 4 sea bird species in the southern Benguela region off Southern Africa and from one species at Sub-Antarctic Marion Island, were identified as far as possible, counted and the lower rostral lengths (LRLs) measured. Dorsal mantle lengths (DMLs) and body masses of the cephalopods eaten were estimated. The results of analyses by percentage frequency of occurrence and numerical abundance are discussed with reference to present knowledge of the distribution of cephalopods eaten by sea birds in the areas studied. Division of the cephalopod component of seabird diets into species which float, and species which sink, after death indicates that the birds forage on dead or moribund cephalopods on the surface, rather than catching live bioluminescent cephalopods at night.
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  • 71
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    Initial stages of food ingestion by Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1988)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 214 (2). pp. 189-197.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The cuttlefish ingests much skeleton from the crustaceans and fish it preys upon. The skeletal pieces are relatively large and their dimensions bear a close relationship to the length of the buccal mass and diameter of the oesophagus. The structures of the buccal mass are instrumental in the breakdown of prey and orientation of long pieces of skeleton to ensure their entry into the oesophagus. Many pieces of skeletal material present in the stomach contents still have attached muscles, showing that there is little, or no, external digestion. Skeletal material may be important for long-term maintenance of young Sepia in captivity.
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  • 72
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    Growth and survival strategies of diatoms (1988)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Growth and reproductive strategies of freshwater phytoplankton. , ed. by Sandgren, C. D. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 227-260. ISBN 0-521-32722-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-02
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 73
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    Size change in the phylogeny of Foraminifera (1988)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Lethaia, 21 (4). pp. 375-382.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-15
    Description: In the animal kingdom evolutionary size changes involved increasing, decreasing and stationary patterns. Planktic and benthic Foraminifera chiefly increased their size during evolution. This increase, however, did not always occur gradually, but could be interrupted by periods when the animals maintained or even decreased in size. The rate of the size increase is different for the various species examined, some benthic forms grew only 10% during the Oligocene-Pleistocene interval, while for others this figure was up to 96%. Some benthic species increased in size in certain areas, but not in others. It is not improbable that some phylogenetic trends of planktic Foraminifera representing, according to stratigraphers, the evolution of one species into another, represent in reality, from the biological point of view, specimens of the same species which changed their size and in addition some minor morphological traits which are encompassed by the normal span of intraspecific variability. A comprehensive understanding and explanation of the size change of Foraminifera needs much additional research.
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  • 74
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    Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data (1987)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  New York, Cambridge University Press, vol. 283, no. 2, pp. 15-17, (ISBN: 3-7643-7044-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Handbook of mathematics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Borehole breakouts ; circular ; angular ; directional ; Staatsbibl. ; B: ; 779785
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 75
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    Benthic metabolism and standing stock in the central northern Red Sea (1987)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Marine Ecology, 8 . pp. 1-20.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-05
    Description: Benthic metabolism and standing stocks were investigated in the deep Red Sea between 21o and 27oN, Activity was assessed by the determination of respiration rates with a shipboard method and by calculating oxygen consumption from the activity in the electron transport system. We attempted to compare results from different latitudes within the warm Red Sea and with data from cold Atlantic environments. Our investigations were part of an environmental risk assessment to evaluate future mining of metalliferous sediments from the Atlantis II Deep.
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  • 76
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    Seasonal variation in the diet of the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at sub-Antarctic Marion Island (1987)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 212 (2). pp. 303-324.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The diet of the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus at Marion Island was examined throughout the year by analysis of stomach samples. Fish accounted for 87% by wet mass, 75% by numbers and 69% by reconstituted mass. Their proportional importance by wet mass increased from 68% during winter to almost 100% in summer and probably reflects a real increase in their local availability. Squid comprised most of the remainder with crustaceans forming less than 1% of the diet by numbers. Prey items were generally small, the most abundant being three species of myctophid fish, Krefftichthys anderssoni, Protomyctophum tenisonì and Electrona carlsbergi, and a squid Kondakovia longimana. King penguins took both juvenile and adult Krefftichthys anderssoni and P. tenisoni, but only adult E. carlshergi. The juvenile and adult modal size classes of K. anderssoni and P. tenisoni increased from March through to February and the proportion of juvenile to adult fish increased in winter. The increase in the modal size class of the K. anderssoni/P. tenisoni complex during the year probably reflects growth of the fish, rather than movement of different populations in and out of the area exploited by king penguins. All squid consumed were probably juveniles. The modal size class of Kondakovia longimana increased from March to August, but in September to October smaller squid again formed a large proportion of the squid component of the diet. Numbers of measurable squid beaks recovered from November to February were low. This is the first time that mesopelagic myctophid fish have been shown to comprise a major component of the diet of a vertebrate predator in the Southern Ocean.
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  • 77
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    Growth of the spinose planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa in laboratory culture and the effect of temperature on life processes (1987)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 67 (02). pp. 343-358.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: Orbulina universa d'Orbigny is a spinose planktonic foraminifer which occurs throughout surface waters of the tropical, subtropical and transition zones of the world ocean (Bé & Tolderlund, 1971). This species is unique among planktonic Foraminifera in that its life cycle is composed of two growth stages. The juvenile stage is a trochospiral form which is enclosed within a terminal spherical chamber in the adult stage. O. universa is relatively omnivorous, and consumes a variety of prey that range in size and quality from phytoplankton to copepods (Bé et al. 1977; Anderson et al. 1979; Spindler et al. 1984). In addition, each individual harbors several thousand zooxanthellae which presumably are an additional source of nutrition for the foraminifer (Be et al. 1977; Hemleben & Spindler, 1983; Spero & Parker, 1985).
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  • 78
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    Blidingia ramifera stat. nov. (Chlorophyta): a new marine alga for eastern North America (1987)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Nordic Journal of Botany, 7 (3). pp. 359-363.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-02
    Description: Blidingia minima var. ramifera is reported for the first time in eastern North America. It occurs in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Nova Scotia and in Maine. In the estuary of the West and Rights Rivers (Antigonish Harbour, Nova Scotia) it is the most common intertidal alga and during its maximum growth period (June‐August) covers 75–90% of the intertidal zone for several km of shoreline at the mouth of the Rights River. In culture, spore germination and early development were typical of the taxon as described from Europe. The taxon is raised to specific status as Blidingia ramifera stat. nov. Blidingia subsalsa is confirmed from New England based on observations of spore germination in plants from Maine and Connecticut.
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  • 79
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    Numerical Recipes - The Art of Scientific Computing (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 1-58488-323-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Inversion ; Handbook of mathematics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 80
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    A Descriptive Ecology of Eledone Cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in Scottish Waters (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 855-865.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A survey of the ecology of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa in Scottish waters is compiled from structured interviews with fishermen, records of occurrence in traps (for lobster and crab), and a research vessel survey. This species is widespread and common throughout the inshore waters covered by fishing activity (shoreline- 140 m) on bottom types ranging through rock, stones, sand and mud. It is caught in all months of the year but is especially common inshore in the summer (July-September) and further offshore on trawling grounds in October-December. The octopus is a normal and regular predator of large Crustacea (Hotnarus, Nephrops, Cancer) caught in commercial traps but gut contents yield little identifiable dietary remains.
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  • 81
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    Crustacea in the diet of Eledone cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) determined by serological methods (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 867-879.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Serological methods for prey identification have been applied to the gut contents of a field sample of 100 Eledone cirrhosa from the Moray Firth and 7 from the Sound of Jura. Protein extracts from the crop were electrophoresed (Laurell rockets) into antisera raised against potential crustacean prey species, Cancer pagurus, Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon, Liocarcinus spp. and Nephrops norvegicus. The strengths of the resulting reactions were evaluated on the basis of peak height, staining density and the number of homocentric peaks of immune precipitates. Sixty-two of the 100 Moray Firth animals gave a positive reaction to one or more of the antisera and the most critical assessment of the results ranked the incidence of the prey as Liocarcinus (15) 〉 Nephrops (10) 〉 Cancer (8) 〉 Crangon (2) 〉 Carcinus (0), a total of 35 reactions from 28 animals. Absence of a reaction in the 38 animals from which appreciable sample volumes were also obtained indicates that alternative prey had been consumed. Of the 7 Sound of Jura animals, 4 gave a positive reaction to Nephrops alone. A total of only 24 animals gave any indication of diet by visual recognition of remains. The value and difficulties of the methodology are discussed.
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  • 82
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    Influence of an electric light on the capture of deep-sea fish in Biscay (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 483-496.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Recently the influence of an electric light on the capture of the main groups of deep sea animals by a midwater trawl was described and discussed (Clarke & Pascoe, 1985). With regard to fish it was shown that at depths close to 800 m the total number, the total volume, the volume of the ten largest and the volume of the single largest fish all increased significantly when an electric light was used on the headline of the trawl when compared with controls with the light off. These experiments were carried out both in the Bay of Biscay and off Madeira.
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  • 83
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    Methods for the validation of squid age from statoliths (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 505-526.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Growth laminations were first noted in squid statoliths by Clarke (1966), who suggested they might be useful for age determination. Spratt (1978) presented a detailed age analysis of Loligo opalescens Berry, 1911, arguing that some rings in the cephalopod statolith were deposited daily, as are fish otoliths (Panella, 1971). Growth rings in Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1921) statoliths were illustrated by Lipinski (1978) with similar interpretation to that of Spratt (op. cit.). Several further attempts have been made to validate and/or to discuss age determination from statoliths (Hurley, Drew & Radtke, 1979; Hurley et al. 1983; Wiborg, 1979; Hurley & Beck, 1980; Kristensen, 1980; Lipinski, 1980, 1981; Rosenberg, Wiborg & Bech, 1981; Martins, 1982; Radtke, 1983; Dawe et al. 1984), and several other attempts are in preparation (R. J. Hanlon, G. V. Hurley, M. R. Clarke & R. L. Radtke, personal communications).
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  • 84
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    Influence of 70 Watt Electric Lights on the Capture of Fish By Otter Trawl Off Plymouth (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (03). p. 711.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The effect of two 70 W underwater electric lamps on the catch rate of a commercial bottom otter trawl was determined by comparative trials both at night and in daylight. It was found that, although the overall numbers and weights of fish caught did not differ, most of the species which were caught in large enough numbers for a judgement to be made showed a reaction to light. Three species, Trachurus trachurus, Merlangius merlangus and Trisopterus minutus were attracted and four species, Eutriglagurnardus, Micromesistius poutassou, Merluccius merluccius and Limanda limanda were scared off by light. The possible use of lights to further the development of selective commercial bottom trawling by attracting or scaring particular species is discussed.
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  • 85
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    The interdial macrofauna of Nigg bay (1986)
    Royal Society of Edinburgh | Cambridge University Press
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 91B . pp. 113-141.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-04
    Description: Surveys of the interdial macrofauna and sediment characters of Nigg Bay, Moray Firth, were carried out between 1981 and 1985. Permanent stations were located at the intersections of a half-kilometre grid covering the entire interdial area and sampled for infauna using replicate cores. Estimates were also made of mussel and lugworm densities from quadrats and cast counts respectively. The biomass of selected species that constitute important resources for higher tropic levels were also estimated. The sediment for each station was analysed for median particle diameter and slit content. The infaunal data were analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis. This indicated that tida height was the most important factor governing the distribution and abundance of the interdial communities. Sediment characters were only poorly related to distribution patterns. The bay has a rich fauna and is biologically similar to other outer bays of the Moray Firth, which, like Nigg, are important areas for wildfowl and waders. Comparison of survey data from different years indicate that there are natural cycles in some sediment and biological characters of Nigg Bay.
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  • 86
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    An Introduction to the Theory of Seismology (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 4th Edition, 470 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 106, pp. 503, (ISBN 0-415-24328-9 (hb), 0-203-47128-8 (pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 87
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    Calorific Values and Elemental Analysis of Eleven Species of Oceanic Squids (Mollusca:Cephalopoda) (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 65 (04). p. 983.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Cephalopods may be divided into five types according to their buoyancy. Members of several families such as the Octopodidae, Loliginidae and Ommastrephidae are negatively buoyant and must swim to stay in midwater and are therefore highly muscular animals. Others have mechanisms to make them neutrally buoyant so they can remain suspended in midwater without effort. Nautilus, Spirula and cuttlefishes have low pressure gas-filled chambers and their flesh is muscular and non-buoyant (Denton & Gilpin-Brown, 1973). Squids of one family, the Gonatidae, have a low density oil in their livers to give buoyancy but most of their body is muscular. Some oceanic octopods have very watery tissues in which lighter chloride ions replace sulphate ions (Denton & Shaw, 1961). In 12 of the 26 teuthoid families the buoyancy is provided by low-density ammonia-rich solution in their body and head tissues or in an expanded coelomic cavity (Clarke, Denton & Gilpin-Brown, 1979). These ammoniacal squids are extremely abundant in the oceans of the world and form a large part of the diet of birds, cetaceans, seals and fish (Clarke, 1977). When their biomass is estimated from their utilization by predators it is important to know their properties as food and, in particular, their calorific values. As pointed out by Croxall & Prince in a review of the calorific values of cephalopods (1982), all the known values are of muscular, negatively buoyant species because they are of value as food for humans but no measurements have been made on the ammoniacal or oily species which are probably as important, or even more important, in the economy of the ocean (Clarke, 1983).
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  • 88
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    The rates of dissolution of olivine, plagioclase, and quartz in a basalt melt (1985)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-19
    Description: The dissolution rates of spheres of two magnesian olivines, two plagioclases, and quartz in tholeiitic basalt have been determined at three super-liquidus temperatures and one-atmosphere pressure. There are considerable differences in the rates among the minerals, e.g. at 1210°, 12° above the liquidus temperature of the basalt, labradorite dissolves at 86 µm/h. and the magnesian olivines at 9 and 14 µm/h. The rates are not time dependent and this, coupled with the existence of concentration gradients in the composition of quenched melt adjacent to partially dissolved crystals, indicates that the dissolution rates are dictated by a combination of diffusion and convection of components to and from the crystal-liquid interface. Values for the activation enthalpy of dissolution are small for quartz and plagioclase (40–50 kcal mol−1) but large for olivine 73–118 kcal mol−1). Dissolution of plagioclase in rock melts seems to be a much more rapid process than crystal growth, whereas olivines apparently dissolve and grow at similar rates. Crystal dissolution is sufficiently slow that ascending, crystal-bearing magma may become superheated and yet fail to dissolve the crystal fraction before quenching; this may be the reason that olivine phenocrysts are often rounded.
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  • 89
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    On the use of ammonium for buoyancy in squids (1979)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59 (02). p. 259.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Squids (teuthoids) fall into two distinct groups according to their density in sea water. Squids of one group are considerably denser than sea water and must swim to stop sinking; squids in the other group are nearly neutrally buoyant. Analyses show that in almost all the neutrally buoyant squids large amounts of ammonium are present. This ammonium is not uniformly distributed throughout the body but is mostly confined to special tissues where its concentration can approach half molar. The locations of such tissues differ according to the species and developmental stage of the squid. It is clear that the ammonium-rich solution are almost isosmotic with sea water but of lower density and they are present in sufficient volume to provide the main buoyancy mechanism of these squids. A variety of evidence is given which suggests that squids in no less than 12 of the 26 families achieve near-neutral buoyancy in this way and that 14 families contain squids appreciably denser than sea water [at least one family contains both types of squid]. Some of the ammonium-rich squids are extremely abundant in the oceans.
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  • 90
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    Habitat Selection and Distribution Patterns of Five Species of the Amphipod Genus Gammarus (1979)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Oikos, 33 (2). pp. 316-322.
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-06
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  • 91
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    The effects of salinity and temperature on the development and survival of fish parasites (1978)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology, 12 (4). pp. 311-323.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-11
    Description: In brackish water the variety of marine and freshwater parasite species is considerably reduced. The distribution in brackish water of most marine endoparasites is restricted by the salinity tolerance of their hosts, most of the parasite species are more tolerant than their hosts. The influence of salinity and temperature on nine species has been examined; first stage larvae of Contracaecum aduncum develop in 0-32‰ salinity; Cryptocotyle lingua proved to be infective at salinities down to 4‰. The greatest resistance was found in Anisakis larvae from herring Clupea harengus, which survived for more than half a year. Parasites in the fish intestines appear to be unaffected by changing water salinities, as the osmolarity in the intestines stays nearly constant. Marine ectoparasites (Acanthochondria depressa, Lepeophtheirus pectoralis) survive about three times longer than freshwater species (Piscicola geometra, Argulus foliaceus) when salinity is 16‰. High temperature increases the effects of adverse salinities on parasites. There is evidence that none of these ecto-parasitic species can develop within the range of 7-20‰ salinity.
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  • 92
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    The cephalopod statolithan-introduction to its form (1978)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58 (03). p. 701.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Terms, dimensions and ratios for statolith description are defined. The form of the calcareousstatoliths in the Teuthoidea, Sepiodea and Octopoda is described by reference to Loligo forbesi, Sepia officinalis and Eledone cirrosa. While statoliths change in form and size during the growth of a cephalopod, the adult form is often characteristic for a species, despite some variation. Description of statoliths is important in studies of the fossil remains of cephalopods lacking calcareous shells, and will probably become important in the taxonomy of living species, in food analysis of cephalopod predators and in the study of deep sea deposits.
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  • 93
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    Respiration and the effects of pressure on the mesopelagic vertically migrating squid Histioteuthis heteropsis (1978)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography, 23 (4). pp. 735-739.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-05
    Description: The effects of hydrostatic pressure and dissolved oxygen concentration on oxygen consumption rates were examined in the mesopelagic, vertically migrating squid Histioteuthis heteropsis from southern California offshore waters. Elevated hydrostatic pressure (to 136 atm) had no significant effects on oxygen consumption rates at 5°C. Lox oxygen concentrations (〈0.5 ml O2 liter -1) depressed rates of oxygen consumption. These findings suggest that biosis may be necessary to supply the total nergy needs of this species at daytime depths in the oxygen minumum layer off southern California.
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  • 94
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    Evidence for exploitative interspecific competition in mud snails (Hydrobiidae) (1976)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Oikos, 27 (3). pp. 367-376.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-31
    Description: Some of the basic assumptions implied in the theory of limiting similarity of coexisting competitors were investigated experimentally in the case of three congeneric, deposit feeding snails. The species show character displacement with respect to size when coexisting. In experimental containers with a natural substrate, interspecific, exploitative competition between snails of the same size range is as intense as intraspecific competition. Diatoms of a given size range, which constitute the most important food, show a "logistic" growth response to grazing, and individual growth of the snails is linearly related to diatom density. The previous observation that the snails show size dependent selection for ingested particle sizes is extended to show that this mechanism leads to a real resource partitioning between snails of different sizes. Size frequency distribution of diatoms in the sediment is a function of the sizes of grazing snails. Size selection of ingested sand grains may also be significant for resource partitioning since the migration rate of the attached microflora between sand grains seems to be slow relative to its growth on the individual sand grains.
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  • 95
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    Structure and preliminary biochemical characterization of the bioluminescent system of Ommastrephes pteropus (Steenstrup) (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (1976)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 56 (03). pp. 707-722.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The ommastrephid squids are large active animals occurring in most of the world's oceans. Luminous organs or bioluminescence have been observed only in members of the subfamily Sthenoteuthinae, containing the genera Ornithoteuthis, Symplectoteuthis (= Eucleoteuthis), Hyaloteuthis, Ommastrephes and Dosidicus. The light organs of Ommastrephes pteropus are small sub-spherical bodies randomly distributed over the ventral surface of the mantle, head, arms and tentacles (Roper, 1963) and are aggregated dorsally to form a large luminous patch (Clarke, 1965). Relatively little is known about the organs, capabilities and biochemistry of luminescence in cephalopods (Harvey, 1952; Herring, in Press), and the size of the light organ and availability of O. pteropus provide an unusual opportunity for such studies. Although among the molluscs the luminescent systems of the gastropod Latia and the bivalve Pholas have been partially characterized (Shimomura & Johnson, 1968; Henry, Isambert & Michelson, 1970, 1973) the only cephalopod system which has been investigated to date is that of the enoploteuthid Watasenia scintillans (Goto et al., 1974; Inoue et al., 1975). This investigation examines the anatomy and biochemistry of the dorsal light organ of O. pteropus, which differs markedly in these respects from the brachial organs of Watasenia.
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  • 96
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    Digenetic Trematodes in Cephalopods (1975)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 (4). pp. 893-910.
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
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  • 97
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    Molar Growth Yields, Respiration and Cytochrome Patterns of Beneckea natriegens when Grown at Different Medium Dissolved-oxygen Tensions (1975)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of General Microbiology, 90 (2). pp. 237-246.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: The effect of medium dissolved-oxygen tension on the molar growth yield, respiration and cytochrome content of Beneckea natriegens in chemostat culture (D 0·37 hr-1) was examined. The molar growth yield (Y), the specific rate of oxygen (qo2) and glucose consumption, and the specific rate of carbon dioxide evolution were independent of the dissolved-oxygen tension above a critical value (〈 2 mmHg). However, the potential respiration rate increased with reduction in the dissolved-oxygen tension at values of the dissolved-oxygen tension well above the critical value. Changes in the cytochrome content occurred at dissolved-oxygen tensions well above the critical value. An increase in cytochrome c relative to cytochrome b was observed as the dissolved-oxygen tension was decreased. Reduction of the dissolved-oxygen tension to less than 1 mmHg caused a switch to fermentative metabolism shown by the apparent rise in Y o2 and decrease in the molar growth yield from glucose. At this point the potential respiration rate (q o2) increased to its highest value, while the cytochrome pattern reverted to that observed at dissolved-oxygen tensions above 96 mmHg. There appeared to be no correlation between cytochrome content, potential q o2, in situ q o2, and cyanide sensitivity of the organism at various dissolved-oxygen tensions.
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  • 98
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    Vertical distribution of cephalopods at 40°N, 53°N and 60°N at 20°W in the North Atlantic (1975)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 (01). pp. 143-161.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Little work on vertical distribution of cephalopods was possible before the development, in the 1960s, of sophisticated opening-closing devices usable on midwater trawls such as the 10 ft Isaacs Kidd trawl (IKMT; Foxton, 1963; Aron et al. 1964) and the series of rectangular midwater trawls developed by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (previously the National Institute of Oceanography) (Clarke, 1969 a; Baker et al. 1973). These developments have resulted in three papers on vertical distribution of cephalopods in the North Atlantic (Clarke, 1969 ft; Gibbs & Roper, 1970; Clarke & Lu, 1974) and one for the Mediterranean (Roper, 1972). The present paper describes the vertical distribution of cephalopods caught at 40° N 20° W, 53° N 20° W and 60° N 20° W in the North Atlantic based upon day and night series of horizontal hauls between the surface and 2000 m using the RMT combination net (Baker et al. 1973).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    Vertical distribution of cephalopods at 18°N 25°W in the North Atlantic (1975)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 (01). pp. 165-182.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The present work is part of an analysis of catches made with rectangular midwater trawls (RMTs) in the North Atlantic at about 20°W and at 60°N, 53°N, 40°N (all in Lu & Clarke, 1975), 30°N (Clarke & Lu, 1974), 18°N and 11°N (Lu & Clarke, 1975). The collections were made for the ecological programme of the National Institute of Oceanography, Wormley, England (now part of the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    Vertical distribution of cephalopods at 11°N, 20°W in the North Atlantic (1975)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 (02). pp. 369-389.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: This is one of a series of four papers dealing with vertical distribution of cephalopods in the North Eastern Atlantic at six stations near 20° W and at about 10° intervals from 60°N to 11° N (Clarke & Lu, 1974, 1975 a; Lu & Clarke, 1975). The present study is based upon a series of hauls made at discrete horizons between o and 2000 m with opening-closing nets during both daylight and darkness. The collections were made for the ecological programme of the National Institute of Oceanography, Wormley, Surrey, England (now part of the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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