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  • Chemistry  (159,905)
  • pharmacokinetics  (1,703)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (159,888)
  • Springer  (1,697)
  • Cell Press  (1)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Institute of Physics
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  • 1
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    Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel (2023)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in LeClerc, H., Tompsett, G., Paulsen, A., McKenna, A., Niles, S., Reddy, C., Nelson, R., Cheng, F., Teixeira, A., & Timko, M. Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel. IScience, 25(9), (2022): 104916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104916.
    Description: Food waste is an abundant and inexpensive resource for the production of renewable fuels. Biocrude yields obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of food waste can be boosted using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inexpensive and abundant catalyst. Combining HAP with an inexpensive homogeneous base increased biocrude yield from 14 ± 1 to 37 ± 3%, resulting in the recovery of 49 ± 2% of the energy contained in the food waste feed. Detailed product analysis revealed the importance of fatty-acid oligomerization during biocrude formation, highlighting the role of acid-base catalysts in promoting condensation reactions. Economic and environmental analysis found that the new technology has the potential to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6% while producing renewable diesel with a minimum fuel selling price of $1.06/GGE. HAP can play a role in transforming food waste from a liability to a renewable fuel.
    Description: This work was funded by the DOE Bioenergy Technology Office (DE-EE0008513), a DOE DBIR (DE-SC0015784) and the MassCEC. The authors thank WenWen Yao, Department of Environmental Science at WPI, for TOC analysis, Mainstream Engineering for heating value characterization of the oil and solid samples, Wei Fan for assistance in obtaining SEM images and, Julia Martin and Ronald Grimm for their assistance in collecting XPS data, and Jeffrey R. Page for his assistance with oil upgrading and analysis. HOL was partially funded for this work by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship award number 2038257. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Ion Cyclotron Resonance user facility, which is supported by the NSF Division of Materials Research and Division of Chemistry through DMR 16-44779 and the State of Florida.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Catalysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Rückstandsverhalten von Chloramphenicol nach intramuskulärer Applikation beim Schwein (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 24 (1985), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Chloramphenicol ; pharmacokinetics ; residue ; pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Residues of Chloramphenicol (CAP) were examined in 24 pigs after intramuscular injection of 30 mg CAP/kg body weight. Two pigs were slaughtered after 3, 6, 12,18, 24, 36 hours, 2, 3, 6, 10, 21 and 30 days, respectively. CAP-concentrations were determined in muscle, blood, urine, liver, kidney, bile, and fat. Methods used were gas-liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Detection limits reached were 1−5 ppb. The concentration-time curves obtained reflected a long elimination phase and allowed only calculation of this half-life. Elimination half-life was estimated to be for muscle, blood and urine 160–170 hours, for kidney 310 and for bile 250 hours. Significant correlations were found to exist between CAP-concentrations in plasma and muscle. It appears that blood would be a good body fluid for monitoring CAP-residues in tissue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Untersuchung des Rückstandsverhaltens von Chloramphenicol (CAP) wurden 24 Mastschweine, 24–28 Wochen alt, intramuskulär mit 30 mg CAP/kg Körpergewicht behandelt und je 2 Tiere nach 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 Stunden, 2, 3, 6, 10, 21 und 30 Tagen geschlachtet. Die CAP-Gehalte in Muskulatur, Blut, Urin, Leber, Niere, Galle und Fett wurden gaschromatographisch und radioimmunologisch bestimmt. Die Nachweisgrenze beider Methoden liegt in Abhängigkeit von der Matrix zwischen 1 und 5 ppb. Die erhaltenen Kinetiken weisen eine terminale Elimination auf, deren Halbwertszeiten für Muskulatur, Blut und Urin ca. 160–170 Stunden, für Niere 310 Stunden und für Galle 250 Stunden betragen. Die CAP-Konzentration in Muskulatur und Blut weisen eine signifikante, lineare Korrelation auf. Blutuntersuchungen könnten deshalb als Screening-Methode bei umfangreichen Rückstandskontrollen eingesetzt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02020458
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic and pharmacokinetic studies on the metabolism of branched chain α-keto acids in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 22 (1983), S. 14-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: branched chain α-keto acids ; 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate ; 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate ; dehydrogenation ; transamination ; pharmacokinetics ; absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Michaelis-Konstanten und Aktivitäten von Dehydrogenasen und Transaminasen der drei verzweigten α-Ketosäuren Keto-Valin, Keto-Leucin und Keto-Isoleucin in Leber, Niere, Skeletmuskel und Gehirn von Ratten werden mitgeteilt. Nach oraler Zufuhr passieren nur 11–22% der Ketosäuren unverändert die Leber. Aus pharmakokinetischen und Resorptions-Untersuchungen erhaltene Blutspiegel an Ketosäuren werden zu den Michaelis-Konstanten in Beziehung gesetzt. Bei den geringen Konzentrationen an Ketosäuren nach oraler Zufuhr kann angenommen werden, daß die oxidativen Prozesse in den nichthepatischen Geweben über die Transaminierung überwiegen. Daten über die Wachstumseffizienz von verzweigtkettigen α-Ketosäuren im Vergleich zu den entsprechenden Aminosäuren stimmen mit dieser Vorstellung überein. Bei intravenöser Verabreichung müßten die Voraussetzungen für Transaminierung besser sein als nach oraler Zufuhr. Auf der Basis von Daten aus der Literatur werden die Übertragbarkeit unserer Befunde auf den Menschen und die verschiedenen Faktoren, welche die Effizienz der verzweigten α-Ketosäuren durch Einwirkung auf ihren Stoffwechsel beeinflussen können, diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Miehaelis-constants and enzyme activities for dehydrogenation and transamination of the three branched chainα-keto acids in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and brain of rats are reported. After oral load only 11–22 % of the keto acids pass the liver unchanged. Blood levels in pharmacokinetic and absorption studies are related to the Michaelis-constants. At the low keto-acid concentrations after oral application, dehydrogenation in the non-hepatic tissues is supposed to prevail over transamination. Data on feed efficiency of branched chain α-keto acids reported in the literature support this view. The chance for transamination is better after intravenous administration. The transferability of our data to humans, and various factors influencing the efficiency of branched chain α-keto acids are discussed in connection with data reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02020781
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lymphatic route. 1) Albumin and hyaluronidase modify the normal distribution of interferon in lymph and plasma (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 432-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Interferon ; immunomodulator ; catabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; administration routes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When human recombinant interferon-α2 diluted in saline was injected s.c. into rabbits, the total amount recovered in thoracic lymph was less than 0.4%. Recoveries increased from 2- to 8-fold if interferon was injected in 4% albumin or with hyaluronidase, respectively. Albumin added to interferon acts as an interstitial fluid expander, thus favoring interferon absorption through lymphatics rather than blood capillaries. This strategy may increase the therapeutic index of interferon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02118644
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sulphated glycopeptide in human supragingival calculus extracts (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dental calculus ; Glycopeptide ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the isolation and purification of a sulphated glycopeptide from human supragingival calculus. The compound was isolated after using EDTA treatment, 2 M CaCl2 extraction, proteolytic digestion, ethanol precipitation, and finally purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography. It migrated as a single component on cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and chemical and infrared spectral analysis showed the presence of covalently attached sulphate groups. The sulphated glycopeptide was distinguished from being a sulphated glycosaminoglycan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012761
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstellar molecules (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 79-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Molecules ; Interstellar ; Chemistry ; Isotopes ; Solar system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The study of interstellar molecules broadly includes two areas of interest. One area uses the unique ability of molecules to act as probes of the physical conditions in the cold, dense, visually opaque component of the interstellar medium. The physical properties of this and other components of the interstellar medium are summarized. The other area deals with the chemistry of interstellar molecules, recent aspects of which are emphasized in this review. Gas-phase chemistry, shock chemistry, and grain surface chemistry are discussed in the context of recent observations. No present observations suggest that surface reactions are relevant, but neither can they be ruled out. Ion-molecule reactions are clearly operative, at least for the simpler species. Chemical isotope fractionation is reviewed, andd it is concluded that the complexities of the chemistry allow no cosmological conclusions to be drawn from observations of deuterium in interstellar molecules, while the presence of13C in interstellar molecules permits an estimate of the12C/13C ratio which is consistent with the current concepts of the nucleosynthesis history of the Galaxy. Possible connections between interstellar molecules and the early molecular history of the solar system are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732663
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of energetic particle precipitation on the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 128-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Galactic cosmic rays ; Solar proton events ; Particle precipitation ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An assessment is made of the relative contribution of certain classes of energetic particle precipitation to the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere with emphasis placed on the production of odd nitrogen and odd hydrogen species and their subsequent role in the catalytic removal of ozone. Galactic cosmic radiation is an important source of odd nitrogen in the lower stratosphere but since the peak energy deposition occurs below the region where catalytic removal of O3 is most effective, it is questionable whether this mechanism is important in the overall terrestrial ozone budget. The precipitation of energetic solar protons can periodically produce dramatic enhancement in upper stratospheric NO. The long residence time of NO in this region of the atmosphere, where catalytic interaction with O3 is also most effective, mandates that this mechanism be included in future modelling of the global distribution of O3. Throughout the mesosphere the precipitation of energetic electrons from the outer radiation belt (60°≲Λ≲70°) can sporadically act as a major local source of odd hydrogen and odd nitrogen leading to observable O3 depletion. Future satellite studies should be directed at simultaneously measuring the precipitation flux and the concomitant atmosphere modification, and these results should be employed to develop more sophisticated models of this important coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586448
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of high mountain lakes in siliceous chatchments of the Central Eastern Alps (1989)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 51 (1989), S. 108-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Chemistry ; mountain lakes ; silica ; acidity ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Alpine lakes in siliceous catchments of Tyrol and Carinthia (Austria) show signs of acidification. About 9% of the studied lakes have no alkalinity, more than 20% are below pH 6. About two thirds of all lakes have acid neutralizing capacities below 100 μeq 1−1. In spite of moderate precipitation acidity, some lakes show considerable concentrations of dissolved reactive aluminum during or shortly after snowmelt. High altitude lakes of the Alps are definitely more acidic than high mountain lakes in remote areas. Large differences in water and soil chemistry of nearby situated lakes were attributed to heterogeneities of bedrock geology. Paleolimnological investigations on former pH values of five lakes, based on diatom assemblages in the sediment, showed different developments: recent and past acidification, stable conditions, and alkalinization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879298
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteins of the periodontium (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dental cementum ; Collagen ; Protein ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptides were prepared of the insoluble collagen of bovine dental cementum. Following chromatographic separation, the peptides were identified by their amino-acid composition. Type I collagen ([α1(I)]2α2) accounted for more than 90% of the organic matrix, while Type III collagen ([α1(III)]3) was present at a level of approximately 5%. Amino-acid analyses revealed that the CNBr peptides from α1(I) and α2 chains of cementum closely resembled the corresponding peptides from calf skin. The only systematic difference was a higher level of hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues of the cementum peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012764
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium deficiency, pregnancy, and lactation in rats (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Osteoporosis ; Lactation ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The calcium homeostatic mechanism was challenged in adult female rats by feeding them a calcium-deficient diet containing oxalate, and by subjecting them to pregnancy and lactation. The regimen caused a substantial weight loss, especially in those animals which reared their young well. Severe hypocalcaemia was observed in the lactating rats. Serum-P was slightly elevated. The content of hydroxyproline in serum was considerably elevated, reflecting the degree of calcium deprivation. Serum proteins were least influenced. The calcium depriving regimen reduced the growth of long bones, but did not stop it. The ash content of the bones was considerably reduced, the degree of reduction depended on the degree of calcium deprivation. Ash as percentage of total bone organ was reduced, but not to the same extent as total ash. Analyses of different parts of femur showed that the proximal and distal parts had lost more bone mineral than the diaphyseal shaft. The ash content of cortical bone tissue from the femur was estimated by a volumetric method. No differences were observed between test groups and controls, indicating that no measurable amounts of bone mineral had been removed from the walls of the vascular canals or by osteocytic osteolysis. Planimetric determinations on cross sections from femora disclosed that a great amount of bone had been removed from the endosteal surface of the diaphysis, while the periosteal surface demonstrated reduced bone apposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012771
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