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  • Articles  (1,807)
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  • 2020-2024
  • 1995-1999  (1,222)
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  • Technology  (1,807)
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  • Articles  (1,807)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perceptions of chemistry: Why is the common perception of chemistry, the most visual of sciences, so distorted? (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of science education and technology 5 (1996), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1839
    Keywords: Chemistry ; chemistry education ; multiple intelligences ; imagery ; visual-spatial thinking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Chemistry has evolved from a science dominated by mathematics into a science highly dependent on spatial-visual intelligence. Yet the chemical content of introductory courses remains taught essentially the same as 40–50 years ago. Chemistry, today, is recognized by chemists as the molecular science. Yet, school chemistry is alienated from that perception. Thanks to the computer, young people are more comfortable with visual imaging than their instructors were at the same age. Thus the time is rife to reinvigorate chemistry education by means of the visual-spatial approach, an approach wholly in conformance with the way modern chemistry is thought about and practiced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of cancellous and cortical canine bone to hydroxylapatite-coated and uncoated titanium rods (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Because of the recent trend in total hip arthroplasty to achieve direct contact of the endoprosthesis with cortical bone, comparison of bone apposition from cortical bone and cancellous bone was performed. The response of cortical and cancellous bone to hydroxylapatite was also compared. Implants in cortical bone demonstrated a higher interface shear strength and more bone apposition than those in cancellous bone over all time periods tested. Hydroxylapatite coating increased the interfacial shear and bone apposition in cortical bone at all time periods and in both the 3- and 6-week cancellous bone models. The potential effect of stress shielding (and subsequent bone resorption) by femoral stems ingrown with cortical bone is discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060404
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of sublethal metal ion concentrations on osteogenic cells derived from bone marrow stromal cells (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Ions released from implant surfaces are suspected of playing some role in osteolysis surrounding metal prostheses. To understand how ions may affect osteogenesis, previous work exposed osteogenic cells to metal ions to study acute cytotoxic responses. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term effects of sublethal ion concentrations on osteogenic cell proliferation and function. Bone marrow stromal cells were harvested from juvenile rats and exposed to solutions of ions associated with Co-Cr-Mo and Ti-6Al-4V implants. Cells were cultured for up to 4 weeks and assayed for total protein, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and calcium. Other than V+5, none of the ions affected cell proliferation, indicating that the chosen concentrations were sublethal as desired. V+5 elicited delayed gross toxicity not previously observed during acute experiments. At the chosen concentrations, Co+2, Cr+6, Mo+6, and Co-Cr-Mo alloy elicited little effect on cell proliferation and moderate effects on matrix mineralization. Cultures exposed to Ti+4, Al+3, and Ti-6Al-4V alloy also showed no decrease in cell number, but did show near total suppression of osteocalcin secretion and matrix mineralization. These results suggest that ions released from Ti alloy implants may interfere with osteoblastic cell differentiation, contributing to periprosthetic osteolysis by impairing normal osteogenesis. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060406
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element analysis of crestal bone loss around porous-coated dental implants (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 267-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Crestal bone loss is observed around various designs of dental implants. A possible cause of this bone loss is related to the stresses acting on periimplant bone. To investigate the relationship between stress state and bone loss, two-dimensional finite element models corresponding to bucco-lingual and mesio-distal sections of canine mandibles with one of two designs of porous-coated dental implants were analyzed. A fully porous-coated design consisting of a solid Ti6A14V core had a porous coating over the entire outer surface of the implant component, while a partially porous-coated design had the porous coating over the apical two-thirds of the implant surface only. Occlusal forces with axial and transverse components were assumed to act on the implant with interface bonding and effective force transfer at all porous coat-bone interfaces and no bonding for the non-porous-coated regions. The results of the analysis indicated that at most implant aspects (buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal), the equivalent stresses in crestal bone adjacent to the coronal-most, non-porous-coated zone of the partially porous-coated implants were lower than around the most coronal region of the fully porous-coated implants. The region of lower stresses around the partially porous-coated implants corresponded to observed areas of crestal bone loss in animal studies, suggesting that crestal bone loss in this case was due to bone disuse atrophy. A number of parameters of the finite element models were varied to determine the effect on the resulting stress fields and, therefore, possible long-term bone remodeling. Based on differences in observed bone structures by histological examination and results of finite element analyses with fully and partially porous-coated implants, an equivalent stress equal to 1.6 MPa was determined to be sufficient to avoid bone loss due to disuse atrophy in the canine mandibular premolar region. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and performance of calcium phosphate coatings for implants (ASTM STP 1196). Horowitz, E.; Parr, J. E., eds. Philadelphia, PA: American society for testing and materials; 1994 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 301-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative technique for reporting surface degradation patterns of UHMWPE components of retrieved total knee replacements (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A quantitative method of reporting surface degradation of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial component from retrieved total knee replacements (TKR) was developed. Specific features include a qualitative assessment expressing the patterns in which the damage was detected as well as a quantitative summary of the observed degradation mechanisms. In addition, a method of measuring lower limb alignment changes with time is described and related to the observed damage patterns. Two case studies are presented. One case illustrated that changes in alignment resulted from factors other than wear. The damage observed on the tibial plateau appeared to occur subsequent to the changes in alignment. The second case illustrated that the wear of the UHMWPE tibial insert lead to the changes in the overall lower limb alignment. The methods described provide additional information regarding TKR failure mechanisms compared to reporting methods currently available. In particular, the collection of temporal alignment data at clinical follow-up visits enhanced the assessment of the retrieved TKR. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of particulate high-density polyethylene and titanium alloy on tissue ingrowth into bone harvest chamber in rabbits (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to determine whether small, phagocytosable particles of titanium alloy (Ti) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have an adverse effect on bone ingrowth. The bone harvest chamber (BHC) was implanted bilaterally in the proximal tibial metaphysis of six mature rabbits. The BHC has a transverse 1-mm wide pore providing a continuous canal through the chamber for tissue ingrowth. After an initial 6-week period for osseointegration of the BHC, the contents of the canal were harvested repeatedly at 3 weekly intervals. This could be done with the chamber in place, without disturbing its exterior surface or the surrounding bone. The carrier solution, 1% sodium hyaluronate (Healon) was implanted first. In subsequent implantations, Healon was mixed with particles of HDPE or Ti averaging 4.7 ± 2.1 and 3.0 ± 2.6 μm, respectively. The contralateral chamber was left empty and served as a control. The chambers were harvested repeatedly, alternating experimental and control sides. The sections from the control side, and those containing Healon alone demonstrated extensive trabecular bone in a fibrovascular stroma. The sections containing Ti alloy particles were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the control sections and those containing Healon, except for the presence of small black granules of Ti alloy, dispersed in the fibrovascular stroma or phagocytosed by scattered macrophages. The sections containing HDPE particles were infiltrated and engulfed by mononuclear and multinuclear histiocytic cells in a highly fibrous stroma. The majority of the multinucleated cells present were interpreted as being foreign body giant cells. Less trabecular bone was seen in the HDPE group compared to the other groups. Using the parameters chosen for this experiment, it would appear that small, phagocytosable HDPE particles are more deleterious to net formation of bone compared to particles of Ti alloy. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bond strength of metal-ceramic systems in three-point flexure bond test (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study deals with a three-point flexure test for the metal-ceramic bond involving geometrically simple specimens (alloy strips partly coated with ceramic) that can be fabricated with reasonable expenditure and sufficient reproducibility. The calculation of the stress distribution in such specimens with the aid of the finite-element method (FEM) is presented. The aim of this numerical analysis is: to investigate the stress distribution in a ceramometallic specimen with dimensions that, in a large number of experiments, have proven to lead to debonding at one end of the ceramic veneer instead of a crack in the middle of the veneer; and to assign a bond strength to the measured critical bending force that takes into account the influence of the Young's modulus of the alloy as well as a possible deviation of the thickness of the metal substrate from the standard value. Bond strength values of a variety of metal-ceramic combinations are demonstrated. These experimental results demonstrate the reproducibility of the test method as well as its sensitivity to diverse parameters. The presented method is proposed as an alternative to another flexure bond test nominated for international standard. In this test ceramometallic strips are bent over a rod to a 90° angle of the specimen ends, subsequently flattened, and the fracture surface visually inspected for adherence of the ceramic to the alloy substrate along the predominant part of the middle third of the specimen. It is clear that such a test can at most deliver qualitative results. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 87-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060113
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiovascular biomaterials and biocompatibility - a guide to the study of blood-matterial interactions. Harker, L. A.; Ratner, B. D.; Didisheim, P., eds. Cardiovascular pathology, (suppl.) New York; Elsevier; 1993 (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 85-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060112
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