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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (1,778)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • 2020-2024  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (1,875)
  • 1
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    Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team are delighted to present the inaugural “Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars” article collection, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Journal’s Chief Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the chemical sciences, and presents advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank our Chief Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact.
    Keywords: Green and Sustainable Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Polymer Chemistry ; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Nanoscience ; Catalysis and Photocatalysis ; Supramolecular Chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Chemical Biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Completing below-ground carbon budgets for pastures, recovering forests, and mature forests of Amazonia (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This progress report covers the following efforts initiated for the year: year-round monthly soil CO2 flux measurements were started in both primary and secondary forests and in managed and degraded pastures; root sorting and weighing has begun and all four ecosystems at Paragominas have been analyzed through samples; regional modeling of soil water dynamics and minimum rooting depth has been done and the RADAMBRASIL soils database has been digitized and a 20 year record of the precipitation for the region has been produced, along with a hydrological ('bucket-tipping') model that will run within a GIS framework; prototype tension lysimeters have been designed and installed in soil pits to begin assessing the importance of DOC as a source of organic matter in deep soils; and many publications, listed in this document, have resulted from this year's research. Two of the papers published are included with this annual report document.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-199129 , NAS 1.26:199129
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Land surface temperature measurements from EOS MODIS data (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A significant progress has been made in TIR instrumentation which is required to establish the spectral BRDF/emissivity knowledge base of land-surface materials and to validate the land-surface temperature (LST) algorithms. The SIBRE (spectral Infrared Bidirectional Reflectance and Emissivity) system and a TIR system for measuring spectral directional-hemispherical emissivity have been completed and tested successfully. Optical properties and performance features of key components (including spectrometer, and TIR source) of these systems have been characterized by integrated use of local standards (blackbody and reference plates). The stabilization of the spectrometer performance was improved by a custom designed and built liquid cooling system. Methods and procedures for measuring spectral TIR BRDF and directional-hemispheric emissivity with these two systems have been verified in sample measurements. These TIR instruments have been used in the laboratory and the field, giving very promising results. The measured spectral emissivities of water surface are very close to the calculated values based on well established water refractive index values in published papers. Preliminary results show that the TIR instruments can be used for validation of the MODIS LST algorithm in homogeneous test sites. The beta-3 version of the MODIS LST software is being prepared for its delivery scheduled in the early second half of this year.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-199082 , NAS 1.26:199082
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  • 4
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    Ocean observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm development and post launch studies (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An investigation of the influence of stratospheric aerosol on the performance of the atmospheric correction algorithm was carried out. The results indicate how the performance of the algorithm is degraded if the stratospheric aerosol is ignored. Use of the MODIS 1380 nm band to effect a correction for stratospheric aerosols was also studied. The development of a multi-layer Monte Carlo radiative transfer code that includes polarization by molecular and aerosol scattering and wind-induced sea surface roughness has been completed. Comparison tests with an existing two-layer successive order of scattering code suggests that both codes are capable of producing top-of-atmosphere radiances with errors usually less than 0.1 percent. An initial set of simulations to study the effects of ignoring the polarization of the the ocean-atmosphere light field, in both the development of the atmospheric correction algorithm and the generation of the lookup tables used for operation of the algorithm, have been completed. An algorithm was developed that can be used to invert the radiance exiting the top and bottom of the atmosphere to yield the columnar optical properties of the atmospheric aerosol under clear sky conditions over the ocean, for aerosol optical thicknesses as large as 2. The algorithm is capable of retrievals with such large optical thicknesses because all significant orders of multiple scattering are included.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-198928 , NAS 1.26:198928
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  • 5
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    Remote sensing of hydrologic variables in boreal areas, phase 2 (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During Phase 2 airborne Gamma Radiation measurements were conducted over 48 BOREAS (boreal ecosystem atmosphere study) flight lines. Ground measurements of the soil moisture (SM) of the mineral soil and the depth and water content (WC) of the moss/humus layer were collected for calibration of the flight lines. Special attention has been given to the flight lines over, and near, the primary tower sites in the southern study area (SSA); Old Black Spruce (OBS), Old Jack Pine, Old Aspen, and Young Aspen. Multiple ground surveys (September 1993, July, August, and September 1994) show the variation of the water content of the moss/humus layers and changes in the amount of standing water near the SSA OBS tower during the period September 1993 to September 1994. All ground data, airborne estimates and locations of flight lines and ground sampling points have been submitted to BORIS (BOREAS Information System). On 8-10 September 1994 exceptionally high values of cosmic radiation were observed by the airborne gamma radiation system over the SSA. Follow up investigation has not determined the source of, or what caused, the high cosmic count rates.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-198717 , NAS 1.26:198717
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  • 6
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    Geographic information analysis: An ecological approach for the management of wildlife on the forest landscape (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This document is a summary of the project funded by NAGw-1460 as part of the Earth Observation Commericalization/Applications Program (EOCAP) directed by NASA's Earth Science and Applications Division. The goal was to work with several agencies to focus on forest structure and landscape characterizations for wildlife habitat applications. New analysis techniques were used in remote sensing and landscape ecology with geographic information systems (GIS). The development of GIS and the emergence of the discipline of landscape ecology provided us with an opportunity to study forest and wildlife habitat resources from a new perspective. New techniques were developed to measure forest structure across scales from the canopy to the regional level. This paper describes the project team, technical advances, and technology adoption process that was used. Reprints of related refereed journal articles are in the Appendix.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-197941 , NAS 1.26:197941
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  • 7
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    Ocean observations with EOS/MODIS: Algorithm development and post launch studies (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Several significant accomplishments were made during the present reporting period. (1) Initial simulations to understand the applicability of the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) 1380 nm band for removing the effects of stratospheric aerosols and thin cirrus clouds were completed using a model for an aged volcanic aerosol. The results suggest that very simple procedures requiring no a priori knowledge of the optical properties of the stratospheric aerosol may be as effective as complex procedures requiring full knowledge of the aerosol properties, except the concentration which is estimated from the reflectance at 1380 nm. The limitations of this conclusion will be examined in the next reporting period; (2) The lookup tables employed in the implementation of the atmospheric correction algorithm have been modified in several ways intended to improve the accuracy and/or speed of processing. These have been delivered to R. Evans for implementation into the MODIS prototype processing algorithm for testing; (3) A method was developed for removal of the effects of the O2 'A' absorption band from SeaWiFS band 7 (745-785 nm). This is important in that SeaWiFS imagery will be used as a test data set for the MODIS atmospheric correction algorithm over the oceans; and (4) Construction of a radiometer, and associated deployment boom, for studying the spectral reflectance of oceanic whitecaps at sea was completed. The system was successfully tested on a cruise off Hawaii on which whitecaps were plentiful during October-November. This data set is now under analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-197894 , NAS 1.26:197894
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  • 8
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    GPS survey of the western Tien Shan (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There were two major developments in 1994 in our collaborative GPS experiment in the Tien Shan of the Former Soviet Union (FSU). Both were motivated by our expectation that we will ultimately obtain better science at lower cost if we involve our colleagues in the FSU more deeply in (1) the collection and (2) the analysis of data. As an experimental test of the concept of having our local collaborators carry out the field work semi-autonomously, we sent 6 MIT receivers to the Tien Shan for a period of 3 months. To enable our collaborators to have the capability for data analysis, we provided computers for two data analysis centers and organized a two-week training session. This report emphasizes the rationale for deeper involvement of FSU scientists, describes the training sessions, discusses the data collection, and presents the results. We also discuss future plans. More detailed discussion of background, general scientific objectives, discussions with collaborators, and results for the campaigns in 1992 and 1993 have been given in previous reports.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-197901 , NAS 1.26:197901
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  • 9
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    Infrared algorithm development for ocean observations (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Efforts continue under this contract to develop algorithms for the computation of sea surface temperature (SST) from MODIS infrared retrievals. This effort includes radiative transfer modeling, comparison of in situ and satellite observations, development and evaluation of processing and networking methodologies for algorithm computation and data accession, evaluation of surface validation approaches for IR radiances, and participation in MODIS (project) related activities. Efforts in this contract period have focused on radiative transfer modeling, evaluation of atmospheric correction methodologies, involvement in field studies, production and evaluation of new computer networking strategies, and objective analysis approaches.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-200204 , NAS 1.26:200204 , NIPS-96-08375
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  • 10
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    VLBI data, acquisition, environmental effects (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During this quadrennium, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data acquisition and system development has focused on improving the accuracy of the system sufficiently to allow the determination of reliable estimates of height variations. Associated with this aim has been improvements in the determinations of horizontal velocity fields, monitoring water vapor delay using interferometric methods, and improvements to Earth rotation measurements. The primary aims of the improvements to height measurement accuracy have been to directly measure the contemporary magnitudes of post glacial rebound, and to determine a height reference system for measuring global sea level rise. High frequency Earth rotation studies have been carried out to better define the transformation parameters from an inertial coordinate system to an Earth fixed one, and to better understand the coupling between the components of the atmosphere-ocean-solid Earth system. Two major VLBI campaigns were carried out in support of these studies: (1) Epoch-92 in July 1992 and (2) Cont-94 in January 1994. Each of these campaigns lasted approximately two weeks and involved multiple VLBI networks operating simultaneously in addition to other space geodetic systems operating during these periods. Two major compilations of the VLBI results (and results from other space geodetic systems) have been published during this quadrennium.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-200039 , NAS 1.26:200039 , PAPER 95RG00349 , NIPS-96-07291 , (ISSN 8755-1209)
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