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  • thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history  (122)
  • Animals
  • Jewish
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Cornell University Press  (36)
  • Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht  (31)
  • Oxford University Press  (30)
  • Publications de l’École française de Rome  (28)
  • 2020-2024  (125)
  • 2005-2009
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  • 2020-2024  (125)
  • 2005-2009
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  • 1
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    Incidental Archaeologists (2024)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In Incidental Archaeologists, Bonnie Effros examines the archaeological contributions of nineteenth-century French military officers, who, raised on classical accounts of warfare and often trained as cartographers, developed an interest in the Roman remains they encountered when commissioned in the colony of Algeria. By linking the study of the Roman past to French triumphant narratives of the conquest and occupation of the Maghreb, Effros demonstrates how Roman archaeology in the forty years following the conquest of the Ottoman Regencies of Algiers and Constantine in the 1830s helped lay the groundwork for the creation of a new identity for French military and civilian settlers. Effros uses France's violent colonial war, its efforts to document the ancient Roman past, and its brutal treatment of the region's Arab and Berber inhabitants to underline the close entanglement of knowledge production with European imperialism. Significantly, Incidental Archaeologists shows how the French experience in Algeria contributed to the professionalization of archaeology in metropolitan France. Effros demonstrates how the archaeological expeditions undertaken by the French in Algeria and the documentation they collected of ancient Roman military accomplishments reflected French confidence that they would learn from Rome's technological accomplishments and succeed, where the Romans had failed, in mastering the region.
    Keywords: Algeria, colonial archaeology, Roman archaeology, French colonialism, military archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Russian Hajj (2024)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: In the late nineteenth century, as a consequence of imperial conquest and a mobility revolution, Russia became a crossroads of the hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca. The first book in any language on the hajj under tsarist and Soviet rule, Russian Hajj tells the story of how tsarist officials struggled to control and co-opt Russia's mass hajj traffic, seeing it as not only a liability but also an opportunity. To support the hajj as a matter of state surveillance and control was controversial, given the preeminent position of the Orthodox Church. But nor could the hajj be ignored, or banned, due to Russia's policy of toleration of Islam. As a cross-border, migratory phenomenon, the hajj stoked officials' fears of infectious disease, Islamic revolt, and interethnic conflict, but Eileen Kane innovatively argues that it also generated new thinking within the government about the utility of the empire's Muslims and their global networks.
    Keywords: Mecca, hajj, pilgrimage, Russia, Colonialism, Arab world ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Revolutionary Acts (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: During the Russian Revolution and Civil War, amateur theater groups sprang up in cities across the country. Workers, peasants, students, soldiers, and sailors provided entertainment ranging from improvisations to gymnastics and from propaganda sketches to the plays of Chekhov. In Revolutionary Acts, Lynn Mally reconstructs the history of the amateur stage in Soviet Russia from 1917 to the height of the Stalinist purges. Her book illustrates in fascinating detail how Soviet culture was transformed during the new regime's first two decades in power. Of all the arts, theater had a special appeal for mass audiences in Russia, and with the coming of the revolution it took on an important role in the dissemination of the new socialist culture. Mally's analysis of amateur theater as a space where performers, their audiences, and the political authorities came into contact enables her to explore whether this culture emerged spontaneously "from below" or was imposed by the revolutionary elite. She shows that by the late 1920s, Soviet leaders had come to distrust the initiatives of the lower classes, and the amateur theaters fell increasingly under the guidance of artistic professionals. Within a few years, state agencies intervened to homogenize repertoire and performance style, and with the institutionalization of Socialist Realist principles, only those works in a unified Soviet canon were presented.
    Keywords: History of specific lands ; Theatre studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chinese Sympathies (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press and Cornell University Library
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chinese Sympathies examines how Europeans—German-speaking writers and thinkers in particular—identified with Chinese intellectual and literary traditions following the circulation of Marco Polo's Travels. This sense of affinity expanded and deepened, Daniel Leonhard Purdy shows, as generations of Jesuit missionaries, baroque encyclopedists, Enlightenment moralists, and translators established intellectual regimes that framed China as being fundamentally similar to Europe. Analyzing key German literary texts—theological treatises, imperial histories, tragic dramas, moral philosophies, literary translations, and poetic cycles—Chinese Sympathies traces the paths from baroque-era missionary reports that accommodated Christianity with Confucianism to Goethe's concept of world literature, bridged by Enlightenment debates over cosmopolitanism and sympathy, culminating in a secular principle that allowed readers to identify meaningful similarities across culturally diverse literatures based on shared human experiences. This book is freely available in an open access edition thanks to TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem)—a collaboration of the Association of American Universities, the Association of University Presses, and the Association of Research Libraries—and the generous support of the Pennsylvania State University. Learn more at the TOME website, available at: openmonographs.org. The open access edition is available at Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
    Keywords: German philosophy and China, media history of Jesuits in China, Goethe reads Chinese novels, chinese culture, The Catholic origins of Cosmopolitanism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    The Rise and Fall of the People's Parties (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The decline of the centre-left and centre-right people’s parties is arguably the most poignant feature of the crisis of democracy in Western Europe today. To understand why, this book explores the striking parallels between the life of democracy and that of the people’s parties over the course of the past century. It offers a transnational window on the history of democracy since 1918 by weaving together three epochs which are often studied apart: democracy’s troubled history in the Interwar era; the trente glorieuses after the Second World War; and the period since the 1970s. The book shows that democracy was only stabilized and legitimized when people’s parties emerged that managed to balance between facilitating popular participation from below, bridging divisions between social groups, and practising the politics of compromise. Ideas for such parties existed already in the first decades of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, Socialist and Catholic mass parties failed to transform into people’s parties, which was essential for the crisis (and breakdown) of democracy in the Interwar era. This was a traumatic experience which contributed to the unexpected stabilization of democracy after 1945 as party leaders transformed their organizations into broad-based people’s parties that embraced compromise and responsibility. However, this stability did not last, and paradoxically their transformation also harboured the seeds of democracy’s more recent problems. Over the past decades, people’s parties have struggled to connect to an individualizing society while having become increasingly absorbed by their governing responsibilities.
    Keywords: democracy, history, political parties, people’s parties, Christian democracy, Social democracy, crisis, populism, twentieth century, Western Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFK Centrist democratic ideologies
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Franco's Internationalists (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book tells the story of the experts who sold the idea of Franco’s ‘social state’. Despite the repression, violence, and social hardship which characterized Spanish life in the 1940s and 1950s, the Franco regime sought to win popular support by promoting its apparent commitment to social justice. This book reveals the vital role which the idea of the social state also played in the regime’s ongoing search for international legitimacy. It shows how social experts, particularly those working in the fields of public health, medicine, and social insurance, were at the forefront of efforts to promote the regime to the outside world. By working with international organizations and transnational networks across Europe, Africa, and Latin America, they sought to sell the idea of Franco’s Spain as a respectable, modern, and socially just state. In doing so the book also seeks to disrupt our understanding of the modern history of internationalism. Exploring what it meant for Francoist experts to think and act internationally, it challenges dominant accounts of internationalism as a liberal, progressive movement by foregrounding the history of fascist, nationalist, imperialist, and religious forms of international cooperation. The case of Spain reveals the contested and heterogenous nature of mid-twentieth-century internationalism, characterized by the tumultuous interplay of overlapping global, regional, and imperial projects. It also brings into focus the overlooked continuities between international structures and projects before and after 1945.
    Keywords: internationalism, international organizations, international health, Franco’s Spain, Francoism, Franco regime, Spanish history, fascism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR3 Civil wars ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DS Southern Europe::1DSE Spain ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBG c 1919 to c 1939 (Inter-war period)::3MPBGJ c 1930 to c 1939 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBG c 1919 to c 1939 (Inter-war period) ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period)
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  • 7
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    Artisans Abroad (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Between 1815 and 1870, when European industrialisation was in its infancy and Britain enjoyed a technological lead, thousands of British workers emigrated to the Continent. They played a key role in several sectors such as textiles, iron, mechanics, and the railways. These men and women thereby contributed significantly to the industrial take-off in continental Europe. This book examines the lives and trajectories of these workers, who emigrated from manufacturing centres in Britain to France, Belgium, Germany, and other countries. It is interested in their mobilities, their culture, their politics, and their relations with the local populations. It reminds us that the British economy was not just orientated towards the Empire and the United States, but also towards the Continent, long before the European Union and Brexit. It shows how critical the part played by migrant workers in the industrial revolution was. Artisans Abroad is the first social and cultural history of this forgotten migration.
    Keywords: industrial revolution, industrialisation, migration, migrants, emigrants, immigrants, workers, artisans, labour, Britain, France, Belgium ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTK Industrialisation and industrial history
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  • 8
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    The Early Modern Dutch Press in an Age of Religious Persecution (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: For victims of persecution, attracting international awareness of their plight is often a matter of life and death. This book uncovers how in seventeenth-century Europe, persecuted minorities first learned how to use the press as a weapon to combat religious persecution. To mobilize foreign audiences, they faced an acute dilemma: how to make people care about distant suffering? This study argues that by answering this question, they laid the foundations of a humanitarian culture in Europe. The book reveals how, as consuming news became an everyday practice for many Europeans, the Dutch Republic emerged as an international hub of printed protest against religious violence. It traces how a diverse group of people, including Waldensian refugees, Huguenot ministers, Savoyard officeholders, and many others, all sought access to the Dutch printing presses to raise transnational solidarity for their cause. By examining their publicity strategies, this study deepens our understanding of how people tried to confront the specter of religious violence that had haunted them for generations.
    Keywords: humanitarianism, religious persecution, Dutch Republic, religious violence, pamphlet, religious conflict, public sphere, refugee, compassion, Protestantism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
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  • 9
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    The French Invention of Menopause and the Medicalisation of Women's Ageing (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Doctors writing about menopause in France vastly outnumbered those in other cultures throughout the entire nineteenth century. The concept of menopause was invented by Frenchmen medical students in the aftermath of the French Revolution, becoming an important pedagogic topic and a common theme of doctors’ professional identities in postrevolutionary biomedicine. Older women were identified as an important patient cohort for the expanding medicalisation of French society and were advised to entrust themselves to the hygienic care of doctors in managing the whole era of life from around and after the final cessation of menses. However, menopause owed much of its conceptual weft to earlier themes of women as the sicker sex, of vitalist crisis, of the vapours, and of astrological climacteric years. This book is the first comprehensive study of the origins of the medical concept of menopause, richly contextualising its role in nineteenth-century French medicine and revealing the complex threads of meaning that informed its invention. It tells a complex story of how women’s ageing featured in the demographic revolution in modern science, in the denigration of folk medicine, in the unique French field of hygiène, and in the fixation on women in the emergence of modern psychiatry. It also reveals the nineteenth-century French origins of the still-current medical and alternative-health approaches to women’s ageing as something to be managed through gynaecological surgery, hormonal replacement, and lifestyle intervention.
    Keywords: history of menopause, French medical history, French women’s history, history of women’s ageing, women as patients in modern biomedicine, gendered medical concepts ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
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  • 10
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    A Colonial Affair (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Danna Agmon's gripping microhistory is a vivid guide to the "Nayiniyappa Affair" in the French colony of Pondicherry, India. The surprising and shifting fates of Nayiniyappa and his family form the basis of this story of global mobilization, which is replete with merchants, missionaries, local brokers, government administrators, and even the French royal family. Agmon's compelling account draws readers into the social, economic, religious, and political interactions that defined the European colonial experience in India and elsewhere. Her portrayal of imperial sovereignty in France's colonies as it played out in the life of one beleaguered family allows readers to witness interactions between colonial officials and locals. Thanks to generous funding from Virginia Tech and its participation in TOME, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
    Keywords: Pondicherry, colonialism, trade, missionaries, intermediaries, The Nayiniyappa Affair ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    The Cold War from the Margins (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In The Cold War from the Margins, Theodora K. Dragostinova reappraises the global 1970s from the perspective of a small socialist state—Bulgaria—and its cultural engagements with the Balkans, the West, and the Third World. During this anxious decade, Bulgaria's communist leadership invested heavily in cultural diplomacy to bolster its legitimacy at home and promote its agendas abroad. Bulgarians traveled the world to open museum exhibitions, show films, perform music, and showcase the cultural heritage and future aspirations of their "ancient yet modern" country. As Dragostinova shows, these encounters transcended the Cold War's bloc mentality: Bulgaria's relations with Greece and Austria warmed, émigrés once considered enemies were embraced, and new cultural ties were forged with India, Mexico, and Nigeria. Pursuing contact with the West and solidarity with the Global South boosted Bulgaria's authoritarian regime by securing new allies and unifying its population. Complicating familiar narratives of both the 1970s and late socialism, The Cold War from the Margins places the history of socialism in an international context and recovers alternative models of global interconnectivity along East-South lines. Thanks to generous funding from The Ohio State University Libraries and its participation in TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem), the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
    Keywords: Cultural diplomacy, global cold war, socialist bulgaria, communist bulgaria, globalization ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
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    The World Refugees Made (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In The World Refugees Made, Pamela Ballinger explores Italy's remaking in light of the loss of a wide range of territorial possessions—colonies, protectorates, and provinces—in Africa and the Balkans, the repatriation of Italian nationals from those territories, and the integration of these "national refugees" into a country devastated by war and overwhelmed by foreign displaced persons from Eastern Europe. Post-World War II Italy served as an important laboratory, in which categories differentiating foreign refugees (who had crossed national boundaries) from national refugees (those who presumably did not) were debated, refined, and consolidated. Such distinctions resonated far beyond that particular historical moment, informing legal frameworks that remain in place today. Offering an alternative genealogy of the postwar international refugee regime, Ballinger focuses on the consequences of one of its key omissions: the ineligibility from international refugee status of those migrants who became classified as national refugees. The presence of displaced persons also posed the complex question of who belonged, culturally and legally, in an Italy that was territorially and politically reconfigured by decolonization. The process of demarcating types of refugees thus represented a critical moment for Italy, one that endorsed an ethnic conception of identity that citizenship laws made explicit. Such an understanding of identity remains salient, as Italians still invoke language and race as bases of belonging in the face of mass immigration and ongoing refugee emergencies. Ballinger's analysis of the postwar international refugee regime and Italian decolonization illuminates the study of human rights history, humanitarianism, postwar reconstruction, fascism and its aftermaths, and modern Italian history.
    Keywords: refugees, repatriation, citizenship, decolonialization, Italy, national assistance, humanitarian response to displacement ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFG Refugees and political asylum ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms::JPVH Human rights, civil rights
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    Crafting the Movement (2023)
    Cornell University Press | ILR Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Crafting the Movement presents an explanation of why the Swedish working class so unanimously adopted reformism during the interwar period. Jenny Jansson discusses the precarious time for the labor movement after the Russian Revolution in 1917 that sparked a trend towards radicalization among labor organizations and communist organizations throughout Europe and caused an identity crisis in class organizations. She reveals that the leadership of the Trade Union Confederation (LO) was well aware of the identity problems that the left-wing factions had created for the reformist unions. Crafting the Movement explains how this led labor movement leaders towards a re-formulation of the notion of the worker by constructing an organizational identity that downplayed class struggle and embraced discipline, peaceful solutions to labor market problems, and cooperation with the employers. As Jansson shows, study activities arranged by the Workers' Educational Association became the main tool of the Trade Union Confederation's identity policy in the 1920s and 1930s and its successful outcome paved the way for the well-known "Swedish Model." Thanks to generous funding from Uppsala University, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other Open Access repositories.
    Keywords: Sweden, Class formation, Labor leaders, Trade union movement, Identity entrepreneurs ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNX Industrial relations, occupational health and safety::KNXN Industrial arbitration and negotiation ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJH Entrepreneurship / Start-ups ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
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    By Honor Bound (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Russians from all ranks of society were bound together by a culture of honor. Here one of the foremost scholars of early modern Russia explores the intricate and highly stylized codes that made up this culture. Nancy Shields Kollmann describes how these codes were manipulated to construct identity and enforce social norms—and also to defend against insults, to pursue vendettas, and to unsettle communities. She offers evidence for a new view of the relationship of state and society in the Russian empire, and her richly comparative approach enhances knowledge of statebuilding in premodern Europe. By presenting Muscovite state and society in the context of medieval and early modern Europe, she exposes similarities that blur long-standing distinctions between Russian and European history. Through the prism of honor, Kollmann examines the interaction of the Russian state and its people in regulating social relations and defining an individual's rank. She finds vital information in a collection of transcripts of legal suits brought by elites and peasants alike to avenge insult to honor. The cases make clear the conservative role honor played in society as well as the ability of men and women to employ this body of ideas to address their relations with one another and with the state. Kollmann demonstrates that the grand princes—and later the tsars—tolerated a surprising degree of local autonomy throughout their rapidly expanding realm. Her work marks a stark contrast with traditional Russian historiography, which exaggerates the power of the state and downplays the volition of society. ; In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Russians from all ranks of society were bound together by a culture of honor. Here one of the foremost scholars of early modern Russia explores the intricate and highly stylized codes that made up this culture. Nancy Shields Kollmann describes how these codes were manipulated to construct identity and enforce social norms—and also to defend against insults, to pursue vendettas, and to unsettle communities. She offers evidence for a new view of the relationship of state and society in the Russian empire, and her richly comparative approach enhances knowledge of statebuilding in premodern Europe. By presenting Muscovite state and society in the context of medieval and early modern Europe, she exposes similarities that blur long-standing distinctions between Russian and European history.Through the prism of honor, Kollmann examines the interaction of the Russian state and its people in regulating social relations and defining an individual's rank. She finds vital information in a collection of transcripts of legal suits brought by elites and peasants alike to avenge insult to honor. The cases make clear the conservative role honor played in society as well as the ability of men and women to employ this body of ideas to address their relations with one another and with the state. Kollmann demonstrates that the grand princes—and later the tsars—tolerated a surprising degree of local autonomy throughout their rapidly expanding realm. Her work marks a stark contrast with traditional Russian historiography, which exaggerates the power of the state and downplays the volition of society.
    Keywords: History of specific lands ; Legal history ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
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    Contesting Race and Citizenship (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Contesting Race and Citizenship is an original study of Black politics and varieties of political mobilization in Italy. Although there is extensive research on first-generation immigrants and refugees who traveled from Africa to Italy, there is little scholarship about the experiences of Black people who were born and raised in Italy. Camilla Hawthorne focuses on the ways Italians of African descent have become entangled with processes of redefining the legal, racial, cultural, and economic boundaries of Italy and by extension, of Europe itself. Contesting Race and Citizenship opens discussions of the so-called migrant "crisis" by focusing on a generation of Black people who, although born or raised in Italy, have been thrust into the same racist, xenophobic political climate as the immigrants and refugees who are arriving in Europe from the African continent. Hawthorne traces not only mobilizations for national citizenship but also the more capacious, transnational Black diasporic possibilities that emerge when activists confront the ethical and political limits of citizenship as a means for securing meaningful, lasting racial justice—possibilities that are based on shared critiques of the racial state and shared histories of racial capitalism and colonialism.
    Keywords: african immigration to italy, black politics in italy, black italians, black italian movements, citizenship reform in italy, african diaspora in italy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography
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    Medicine in an Age of Revolution (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This work is the first major attempt since the 1970s to challenge the idea that the essential engine of medical (and scientific) change in seventeenth-century Britain emanated from puritanism. It seeks to reaffirm the crucial role of the period of the civil wars and their aftermath in providing the most congenial context for a re-evaluation of traditional attitudes to medicine. In the process, it rejects the idea that such initiatives were the special preserve of a small religious elite (puritans), claiming instead that enthusiasm for change can be found across the religious spectrum. At the same time, the work demonstrates that medical practitioners were increasingly drawn into contemporary religious and political debates in a way that led to a fundamental politicization of the ‘profession’. By the end of the seventeenth century, it was now commonplace to see doctors, apothecaries and surgeons fully engaged in everyday political and civic life. At the same time, religious and political orientation often became an important factor in the career development of medics, especially in towns and cities, where substantial benefits might accrue to those who found themselves in favour with the ruling elites, be they Whig or Tory. The body politic, a Renaissance commonplace, was now peopled by medical practitioners who often claimed a special authority when it came to diagnosing the ills of late seventeenth-century society.
    Keywords: medicine, medical reform, puritanism, religion, politics, politicization, Paracelsus, Van Helmont, civil wars, Restoration ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    The Electrification of Russia, 1880–1926 (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The Electrification of Russia, 1880–1926 is the first full account of the widespread adoption of electricity in Russia, from the beginning in the 1880s to its early years as a state technology under Soviet rule. Jonathan Coopersmith has mined the archives for both the tsarist and the Soviet periods to examine a crucial element in the modernization of Russia. Coopersmith shows how the Communist Party forged an alliance with engineers to harness the socially transformative power of this science-based enterprise. A centralized plan of electrification triumphed, to the benefit of the Communist Party and the detriment of local governments and the electrical engineers. Coopersmith’s narrative of how this came to be elucidates the deep-seated and chronic conflict between the utopianism of Soviet ideology and the reality of Soviet politics and economics.
    Keywords: History of specific lands ; Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Berlin Coquette (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press and Cornell University Library
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: During the late nineteenth century the city of Berlin developed such a reputation for lawlessness and sexual licentiousness that it came to be known as the "Whore of Babylon." Out of this reputation for debauchery grew an unusually rich discourse around prostitution. In Berlin Coquette, Jill Suzanne Smith shows how this discourse transcended the usual clichés about prostitutes and actually explored complex visions of alternative moralities or sexual countercultures including the "New Morality" articulated by feminist radicals, lesbian love, and the "New Woman." Combining extensive archival research with close readings of a broad spectrum of texts and images from the late Wilhelmine and Weimar periods, Smith recovers a surprising array of productive discussions about extramarital sexuality, women’s financial autonomy, and respectability. She highlights in particular the figure of the cocotte (Kokotte), a specific type of prostitute who capitalized on the illusion of respectable or upstanding womanhood and therefore confounded easy categorization. By exploring the semantic connections between the figure of the cocotte and the act of flirtation (of being coquette), Smith’s work presents flirtation as a type of social interaction through which both prostitutes and non-prostitutes in Imperial and Weimar Berlin could express extramarital sexual desire and agency.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    The Writing Public (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Inspired by the reading and writing habits of citizens leading up to the French Revolution, The Writing Public is a compelling addition to the long-running debate about the link between the Enlightenment and the political struggle that followed. Elizabeth Andrews Bond scoured France's local newspapers spanning the two decades prior to the Revolution as well as its first three years, shining a light on the letters to the editor. A form of early social media, these letters constituted a lively and ongoing conversation among readers. Bond takes us beyond the glamorous salons of the intelligentsia into the everyday worlds of the craftsmen, clergy, farmers, and women who composed these letters. As a result, we get a fascinating glimpse into who participated in public discourse, what they most wanted to discuss, and how they shaped a climate of opinion. The Writing Public offers a novel examination of how French citizens used the information press to form norms of civic discourse and shape the experience of revolution. The result is a nuanced analysis of knowledge production during the Enlightenment. Thanks to generous funding from The Ohio State University Libraries and its participation in TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem), the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access (OA) volumes, available on the Cornell University Press website and other Open Access repositories.
    Keywords: affiches, pre-revolutionary press, revolutionary press, letters to the editor, Knowledge production, ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CB Language: reference and general::CBW Writing and editing guides ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies
    Language: English
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    Protéger, libérer, assujettir (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Au milieu du XIVe siècle, la commune de Florence, qui ne contrôlait jusqu'alors qu'un petit territoire au-delà des murs de la cité, le contado, réussit à assujettir les six principaux centres urbains voisins : Colle Valdelsa, San Gimignano, Prato, Pistoia, Volterra et San Miniato. Pour mener à bien cet assujettissement, le pouvoir florentin ne pouvait cependant se contenter d’une pure et simple conquête militaire : l’issue en aurait été non seulement incertaine mais surtout très difficile à consolider dans le temps. Car même s’ils n’avaient pas atteint l’importance démographique des grandes cités de la région, les centres convoités étaient parvenus à maintenir leur autonomie depuis plus d’un siècle. Ils avaient par conséquent développé une identité politique et culturelle propre, en vertu de laquelle ils auraient pu, une fois conquis, refuser la soumission et constituer partant des foyers permanents de révolte. D’où la nécessité pour les Florentins d’élaborer des instruments en mesure de légitimer leur domination et d’en assurer ainsi la pérennité. Quels furent les mécanismes explicites et implicites de cette entreprise de légitimation ? À partir d’une étude approfondie des actes juridiques qui formalisèrent la soumission et du discours produit sur celle-ci par les chroniques contemporaines, cet ouvrage en analyse les ressorts politiques et culturels. Il permet ainsi de comprendre comment et pourquoi cet assujettissement fut paradoxalement pensé comme la condition nécessaire au maintien de la libertas.
    Keywords: histoire culturelle du politique ; pratiques et langages du pouvoir ; fondements juridiques de la souveraineté ; territorialisation du pouvoir ; Italie communale ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500
    Language: French
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    The Currency of Empire (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In The Currency of Empire, Jonathan Barth explores the intersection of money and power in the early years of North American history, and he shows how the control of money informed English imperial action overseas. The export-oriented mercantile economy promoted by the English Crown, Barth argues, directed the plan for colonization, the regulation of colonial commerce, and the politics of empire. The imperial project required an orderly flow of gold and silver, and thus England's colonial regime required stringent monetary regulation. As Barth shows, money was also a flash point for resistance; many colonists acutely resented their subordinate economic station, desiring for their local economies a robust, secure, and uniform money supply. This placed them immediately at odds with the mercantilist laws of the empire and precipitated an imperial crisis in the 1670s, a full century before the Declaration of Independence. The Currency of Empire examines what were a series of explosive political conflicts in the seventeenth century and demonstrates how the struggle over monetary policy prefigured the patriot reaction to the Stamp Act and so-called Intolerable Acts on the eve of American independence. Thanks to generous funding from the Arizona State University and George Mason University, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access (OA) volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other Open Access repositories.
    Keywords: coin in colonial America, political history of colonial America, mercantilism in Colonial America ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history
    Language: English
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    « In partibus fidelium ». Missions du Levant et connaissance de l’Orient chrétien (XIXe-XXIe siècles) (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: En quoi les missions chrétiennes du Levant ont-elles été des lieux de production de savoirs « orientaux » ? Comment ces connaissances ont-elles circulé de part et d’autre de la Méditerranée ? Comment ont-elles été reformulées et réappropriées localement ? Cet ouvrage se penche sur l’assimilation en Europe de connaissances relatives aux cultures chrétiennes-orientales et sur le rôle que les missions ont joué dans ce processus. Collectés et élaborés dans les grandes bibliothèques et universités européennes, puis intégrés par les structures de gouvernance des Églises, ces nouveaux savoirs ont aussi été réappropriés dans l’espace d’où ils étaient issus. Ils ont donné lieu à des prises de conscience patrimoniales à côté des expériences tragiques de la fin de l’Empire ottoman et de l’établissement de nouveaux États. Ce travail éclaire ainsi la dimension intellectuelle des dynamiques d’arabisation des Églises locales, de reformulation des frontières confessionnelles et de construction d’identités communautaires et nationales au Moyen-Orient. Il montre enfin comment les missions contribuent à la mise en valeur du patrimoine culturel oriental, et comment le domaine du savoir participe d’une évolution de la notion de mission depuis la période ottomane. In what ways were the Christian missions in the Levant places of production of 'oriental' knowledge? Many late nineteenth and early twentieth-century academics utilised knowledge production from Christian missions, notably by way of scholarly Orientalism. However, the history of this knowledge is also a history of representations: while missionary knowledge helped showcase the cultural and religious traditions of Eastern Christianity, what were the underlying motives and especially the consequences? This book examines the formulation and circulation of Eastern Christian knowledge on either side of the Mediterranean, the study of which is sometimes rooted in non-Anglophone academic traditions. The aim is to shed light on how knowledge relating to Eastern Christianity was assimilated in Europe, as well as the role missions played in this process, especially from the last third of the nineteenth century, when the institutions and instruments for the circulation of knowledge emerged. Another objective is to address the circulations and transformations of this knowledge on either side of the Mediterranean: collected and developed in major European libraries and universities, it was integrated by the governance structures of churches, but quite often also returned to the space it originated from, where it was reappropriated and gave rise to patrimonial processes, notably alongside the sometimes tragic experiences of certain communities during the end of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of new states. Christian missions, at the intersection of East and West, were at the heart of this dynamic .
    Keywords: église catholique ; missions ; christianisme ; XIXe siècle ; XXe siècle ; XXIe siècle ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
    Language: French
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    Unfelt (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Unfelt offers a new account of feeling during the British Enlightenment, finding that the passions and sentiments long considered as preoccupations of the era depend on a potent insensibility, the secret emergence of pronounced emotions that only become apparent with time. Surveying a range of affects including primary sensation, love and self-love, greed, happiness, and patriotic ardor, James Noggle explores literary evocations of imperceptibility and unfeeling that pervade and support the period's understanding of sensibility. Each of the four sections of Unfelt—on philosophy, the novel, historiography, and political economy—charts the development of these idioms from early in the long eighteenth century to their culmination in the age of sensibility. From Locke to Eliza Haywood, Henry Fielding, and Frances Burney, and from Dudley North to Hume and Adam Smith, Noggle's exploration of the insensible dramatically expands the scope of affect in the period's writing and thought. Drawing inspiration from contemporary affect theory, Noggle charts how feeling and unfeeling flow and feed back into each other, identifying emotional dynamics at their most elusive and powerful: the potential, the incipient, the emergent, the virtual.
    Keywords: affect, British, Enlightenment, Hume, insensibly ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Repentance for the Holocaust (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press and Cornell University Library
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In Repentance for the Holocaust, C. K. Martin Chung develops the biblical idea of "turning" (tshuvah) into a conceptual framework to analyze a particular area of contemporary German history, commonly referred to as Vergangenheitsbewältigung or "coming to terms with the past." Chung examines a selection of German responses to the Nazi past, their interaction with the victims’ responses, such as those from Jewish individuals, and their correspondence with biblical repentance. In demonstrating the victims’ influence on German responses, Chung asserts that the phenomenon of Vergangenheitsbewältigung can best be understood in a relational, rather than a national, paradigm. By establishing the conformity between those responses to past atrocities and the idea of "turning," Chung argues that the religious texts from the Old Testament encapsulating this idea (especially the Psalms of Repentance) are viable intellectual resources for dialogues among victims, perpetrators, bystanders, and their descendants in the discussion of guilt and responsibility, justice and reparation, remembrance and reconciliation. It is a great irony that after Nazi Germany sought to eliminate each and every single Jew within its reach, postwar Germans have depended on the Jewish device of repentance as a feasible way out of their unparalleled national catastrophe and unprecedented spiritual ruin.
    Keywords: European history ; The Holocaust ; Judaism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Pour le pape-roi (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Au milieu du XIXe siècle, l’unification de l’Italie autour du royaume de Piémont-Sardaigne conduit à la disparition des États pontificaux. Cet événement a des répercussions dans toute l’Europe, et notamment en France. Le soutien apporté par Napoléon III à la cause italienne pousse en effet les catholiques, inquiets du sort du pape, à se détacher du régime impérial. Cet ouvrage met en lumière la mobilisation massive des catholiques français en faveur de la papauté au cours des années 1860 et montre comment le Saint-Siège a cherché à en tirer profit pour faire face aux difficultés causées par l’effondrement de son pouvoir temporel. À ce titre, une attention particulière est accordée aux aspects militaires (engagement au sein des zouaves pontificaux) et financiers (dons au denier de Saint-Pierre) du mouvement. L’ampleur de ce soutien et la diversité des formes qu’il prend montrent que, à rebours de certaines idées reçues, le XIXe siècle constitue pour la papauté et l’Église bien moins une période de déclin qu’un moment d’élaboration de nouveaux moyens d’action destinés à perpétuer leur influence.
    Keywords: 19th century ; political history ; Papal Zouaves ; Second French Empire ; papacy ; transnational history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day
    Language: French
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    Revolution of the Mind (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Using archival materials never previously accessible to Western scholars, Michael David-Fox analyzes Bolshevik Party educational and research initiatives in higher learning after 1917. His fresh consideration of the era of the New Economic Policy and cultural politics after the Revolution explains how new communist institutions rose to parallel and rival conventional higher learning from the Academy of Sciences to the universities. Beginning with the creation of the first party school by intellectuals on the island of Capri in 1909, David-Fox argues, the Bolshevik cultural project was tightly linked to party educational institutions. He provides the first account of the early history and politics of three major institutions founded after the Revolution: Sverdlov Communist University, where the quest to transform everyday life gripped the student movement; the Institute of Red Professors, where the Bolsheviks sought to train a new communist intellectual or red specialist; and the Communist Academy, headquarters for a planned, collectivist, proletarian science.
    Keywords: History of specific lands ; Higher and further education, tertiary education ; Marxism and Communism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Dynasty Divided (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Northern Illinois University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dynasty Divided uses the story of a prominent Kievan family of journalists, scholars, and politicians to analyze the emergence of rivaling nationalisms in nineteenth-century Ukraine, the most pivotal borderland of the Russian Empire. The Shul'gins identified as Russians and defended the tsarist autocracy; the Shul'hyns identified as Ukrainians and supported peasant-oriented socialism. Fabian Baumann shows how these men and women consciously chose a political position and only then began their self-fashioning as members of a national community, defying the notion of nationalism as a direct consequence of ethnicity. Baumann asks what made individuals into determined nationalists in the first place, revealing the close link to private lives, including intimate family dramas and scandals. He looks at how nationalism emerged from domestic spaces, and how women played an important (if often invisible) role in fin-de-siècle politics.Dynasty Divided explains how nineteenth-century Kievans cultivated their national self-images and how, by the twentieth century, Ukraine steered away from Russia. The two branches of this family of Russian nationalists and Ukrainian nationalists epitomize the struggles for modern Ukraine.
    Keywords: Russian Ukrainian split family, Shulgin family history, Ukrainian nationalism, Russian nationalism, Kiev nationalism, Shul’hyns, Russo-Ukrainian War, Russia Ukraine conflict, nineteenth-century Eastern Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFN Nationalism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    Savoirs profanes dans les ordres mendiants en Italie (XIIIe-XVe siècle) (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: ordres mendiants; franciscains; dominicains; carmes; Moyen Âge; savoirs profanes; Italie; arts libéraux; sciences de la nature; rhétorique; littérature; géographie
    Keywords: ordres mendiants ; franciscains ; dominicains ; carmes ; Moyen Âge ; savoirs profanes ; Italie ; arts libéraux ; sciences de la nature ; rhétorique ; littérature ; géographie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Acts of Care (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In Acts of Care, Sara Ritchey recovers women's healthcare work by identifying previously overlooked tools of care: healing prayers, birthing indulgences, medical blessings, liturgical images, and penitential practices. Ritchey demonstrates that women in premodern Europe were both deeply engaged with and highly knowledgeable about health, the body, and therapeutic practices, but their critical role in medieval healthcare has been obscured because scholars have erroneously regarded the evidence of their activities as religious rather than medical. The sources for identifying the scope of medieval women's health knowledge and healthcare practice, Ritchey argues, are not found in academic medical treatises. Rather, she follows fragile traces detectable in liturgy, miracles, poetry, hagiographic narratives, meditations, sacred objects, and the daily behaviors that constituted the world, as well as in testaments and land transactions from hospitals and leprosaria established and staffed by beguines and Cistercian nuns. Through its surprising use of alternate sources, Acts of Care reconstructs the vital caregiving practices of religious women in the southern Low Countries, reconnecting women's therapeutic authority into the everyday world of late medieval healthcare. Thanks to generous funding from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access (OA) volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other Open Access repositories.
    Keywords: Beguines, Cistercians, medical charms,, psalters, medieval medicine, Low Countries, hagiography, miracles ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    On the Ruins of Babel (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press and Cornell University Library
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The eighteenth century struggled to define architecture as either an art or a science—the image of the architect as a grand figure who synthesizes all other disciplines within a single master plan emerged from this discourse. Immanuel Kant and Johann Wolfgang Goethe described the architect as their equal, a genius with godlike creativity. For writers from Descartes to Freud, architectural reasoning provided a method for critically examining consciousness. The architect, as philosophers liked to think of him, was obligated by the design and construction process to mediate between the abstract and the actual. In On the Ruins of Babel, Daniel Purdy traces this notion back to its wellspring. He surveys the volatile state of architectural theory in the Enlightenment, brought on by the newly emerged scientific critiques of Renaissance cosmology, then shows how German writers redeployed Renaissance terminology so that "harmony," "unity," "synthesis," "foundation," and "orderliness" became states of consciousness, rather than terms used to describe the built world. Purdy's distinctly new interpretation of German theory reveals how metaphors constitute interior life as an architectural space to be designed, constructed, renovated, or demolished. He elucidates the close affinity between Hegel's Romantic aesthetic of space and Daniel Libeskind's deconstruction of monumental architecture in Berlin's Jewish Museum. Through a careful reading of Walter Benjamin's writing on architecture as myth, Purdy details how classical architecture shaped Benjamin's modernist interpretations of urban life, particularly his elaboration on Freud's archaeology of the unconscious. Benjamin's essays on dreams and architecture turn the individualist sensibility of the Enlightenment into a collective and mythic identification between humans and buildings.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Les Italiens de Tunisie (2023)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Entre la fin du XIXe siècle et la Première Guerre mondiale, le jeune État italien connaît un vaste mouvement migratoire qui porte plusieurs millions de ses citoyens à chercher fortune ailleurs. Si les pays américains et européens accueillent la majeure partie de cette population, d’importantes communautés s’installent également sur les côtes méridionales du bassin méditerranéen. C’est notamment le cas de la Tunisie, devenue protectorat français, qui compte près de 90 000 Italiens en 1905 pour seulement 35 000 Français. Cette majorité démographique des Italiens ainsi que leur implication active dans le développement économique du territoire ne sont pas sans créer des tensions entre la France et l’Italie, pour qui la Tunisie représente une sorte de « colonie manquée » qui vient raviver ses aspirations colonialistes en Afrique. Cette communauté est d’autant plus singulière que les ressortissants de la Péninsule, majoritairement ouvriers, se trouvent dans une situation inter­médiaire entre la classe dominante des colonisateurs français et celle des colonisés tunisiens, dont ils partagent pourtant les mêmes conditions de vie. Cet ouvrage, à travers l’exemple des Italiens de Tunisie, interroge ainsi la manière dont une identité nationale peut se construire en dehors de toute territorialité.
    Keywords: XIXe siècle ; Première Guerre mondiale ; Italie ; Tunisie ; Migrations ; Colonialisation ; Colonialisme ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
    Language: French
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    Speaking the Unspeakable in Postwar Germany (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press and Cornell University Library
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Speaking the Unspeakable in Postwar Germany is an interdisciplinary study of a diverse set of public speeches given by major literary and cultural figures in the 1950s and 1960s. Through close readings of canonical speeches by Hannah Arendt, Theodor W. Adorno, Ingeborg Bachmann, Martin Buber, Paul Celan, Uwe Johnson, Peter Szondi, and Peter Weiss, Sonja Boos demonstrates that these speakers both facilitated and subverted the construction of a public discourse about the Holocaust in postwar West Germany. The author’s analysis of original audio recordings of the speech events (several of which will be available on a companion website) improves our understanding of the spoken, performative dimension of public speeches. Speaking the Unspeakable in Postwar Germany emphasizes the social constructedness of discourse, experience, and identity, but does not neglect the pragmatic conditions of aesthetic and intellectual production—most notably, the felt need to respond to the breach in tradition caused by the Holocaust. The book thereby illuminates the process by which a set of writers and intellectuals, instead of trying to mend what they perceived as a radical break in historical continuity or corroborating the myth of a "new beginning," searched for ways to make this historical rupture rhetorically and semantically discernible and literally audible. ; Speaking the Unspeakable in Postwar Germany is an interdisciplinary study of a diverse set of public speeches given by major literary and cultural figures in the 1950s and 1960s. Through close readings of canonical speeches by Hannah Arendt, Theodor W. Adorno, Ingeborg Bachmann, Martin Buber, Paul Celan, Uwe Johnson, Peter Szondi, and Peter Weiss, Sonja Boos demonstrates that these speakers both facilitated and subverted the construction of a public discourse about the Holocaust in postwar West Germany. The author's analysis of original audio recordings of the speech events (several of which will be available on a companion website) improves our understanding of the spoken, performative dimension of public speeches.While emphasizing the social constructedness of discourse, experience, and identity, Boos does not neglect the pragmatic conditions of aesthetic and intellectual production—most notably, the felt need to respond to the breach in tradition caused by the Holocaust. The book thereby illuminates the process by which a set of writers and intellectuals, instead of trying to mend what they perceived as a radical break in historical continuity or corroborating the myth of a "new beginning," searched for ways to make this historical rupture rhetorically and semantically discernible and literally audible.
    Keywords: European history ; The Holocaust ; Social groups: religious groups and communities ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Social Europe, the Road not Taken (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book examines the European Left’s attempt to think and give shape to an alternative type of European integration—a ‘social Europe’—during the long 1970s. Based on fresh archival research, it shows that the western European Left—in particular, social democratic parties, trade unions, and to a lesser extent ‘Eurocommunist’ parties—formulated a broad project to turn ‘capitalist Europe’ into a ‘workers’ Europe’. This alternative model of European unity favoured coordinated measures for wealth redistribution, market regulation, a democratization of the economy and of European institutions, upward harmonization of social and fiscal systems, more inclusive welfare regimes, guaranteed employment, economic and social planning with greater consideration for the environment, increased public spending to meet collective needs, greater control of capital flows and multinational corporations, a reduction in working time, and a fairer international economic order favouring the global South. During the pivotal years following 1968, deeply marked by labour militancy, new social movements, economic crisis, and the unmaking of the ‘postwar compromise’, a window of opportunity opened in which European integration could have taken different roads. The defeat of ‘social Europe’ was a result of a decade-long social conflict which ended with the affirmation of a neoliberal Europe. Investigating this forgotten power struggle and the reasons of its defeat can be useful not just to scholars and students eager to understand the historical evolution of European integration, the European Left, and European capitalism, but also to anyone interested in building alternative European and global futures.
    Keywords: social Europe, workers’ Europe, neoliberalism, European integration, 1970s, European Left, social democracy, trade union ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999
    Language: English
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    Rewolucja (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The revolution of 1905 in the Russian-ruled Kingdom of Poland marked the consolidation of major new influences on the political scene. As he examines the emergence of a mass political culture in Poland, Robert E. Blobaum offers the first history in any Western language of this watershed period. Drawing on extensive archival research to explore the history of Poland's revolutionary upheavals, Blobaum departs from traditional interpretations of these events as peripheral to an essentially Russian movement that reached a climax in the Russian Revolution of 1917. He demonstrates that, although Polish independence was not formally recognized until after World War I, the social and political conditions necessary for nationhood were established in the years around 1905. ; The revolution of 1905 in the Russian-ruled Kingdom of Poland marked the consolidation of major new influences on the political scene. As he examines the emergence of a mass political culture in Poland, Robert E. Blobaum offers the first history in any Western language of this watershed period. Drawing on extensive archival research to explore the history of Poland’s revolutionary upheavals, Blobaum departs from traditional interpretations of these events as peripheral to an essentially Russian movement that reached a climax in the Russian Revolution of 1917. He demonstrates that, although Polish independence was not formally recognized until after World War I, the social and political conditions necessary for nationhood were established in the years around 1905.
    Keywords: European history ; History of specific lands ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Research Guide to the Russian and Soviet Censuses (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Taken together, the Russian census of 1897 and the Soviet censuses of 1926, 1959, 1970, and 1979 constitute the largest collection of empirical data available on that country, but until the publication of this book in 1986, the daunting complexity of that material prevented Western scholars from exploiting the censuses fully. This book is both a guide to the use of and a detailed index to these censuses. The first part of the book consists of eight essays by specialist on the USSR, six of them dealing with the use of census materials and the availability of data for research on ethnicity and language, marriage and the family, education and literacy, migration and organization, age structure, and occupations. The second part, a comprehensive index for all the published census, presents more than six hundred annotated entries for the census tables, a keyword index that enables researchers to find census data by subject, and a list of political-administrative units covered in each census.
    Keywords: History of specific lands ; Social research and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Proletarian Peasants (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In this book, conceived and written for the general reader as well as the specialist, Robert Edelman uses a case study of peasant behavior during a particular revolutionary situation to make an important contribution to one of the major debates in contemporary peasant studies. Edelman's subject is the peasantry of the right-bank Ukraine, and he uses local and regional archives seldom available to Western scholars to give a detailed picture of the ways in which the inhabitants of one of Russia’s most advanced agrarian regions expressed their discontent during the years 1905–1907. By the 1890s, the landlords of Russia’s Southwest had organized a highly successful capitalist form of agriculture, and Edelman demonstrates that their peasants responded to these dramatic economic changes by adopting many of the forms of political and social behavior generally associated with urban proletarians. ; In this book, conceived and written for the general reader as well as the specialist, Robert Edelman uses a case study of peasant behavior during a particular revolutionary situation to make an important contribution to one of the major debates in contemporary peasant studies. Edelman's subject is the peasantry of the right-bank Ukraine, and he uses local and regional archives seldom available to Western scholars to give a detailed picture of the ways in which the inhabitants of one of Russia's most advanced agrarian regions expressed their discontent during the years 1905–1907. By the 1890s, the landlords of Russia’s Southwest had organized a highly successful capitalist form of agriculture, and Edelman demonstrates that their peasants responded to these dramatic economic changes by adopting many of the forms of political and social behavior generally associated with urban proletarians.
    Keywords: History of specific lands ; Revolutions, uprisings, rebellions ; Rural communities ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    L’héritage byzantin en Italie (VIIIe-XIIe siècle) (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Ce quatrième et dernier volume du programme L’héritage byzantin en Italie (VIIIe-XIIe siècle), qui cherchait à analyser et à comparer l’évolution des régions autrefois soumises à l’autorité byzantine, de la Vénétie à la Sicile et à la Sardaigne en passant par Ravenne, Rome, Naples, le Salento et la Calabre, a pour thème des realia. On s’est intéressé aux originalités touchant à l’occupation du sol, aux formes de la grande propriété, aux contrats agraires et aux platee (listes de dépendants), enfin à la production et au commerce. La Sicile (sous les dominations byzantine et islamique) et la Sardaigne judicale (souvent négligée) sont bien représentées, à côté des diverses régions continentales ayant dépendu de l’Exarchat. Si, comme on s’y attendait, les évolutions sont dissemblables, les conclusions de Chris Wickham montrent la force de la tradition byzantine à propos de la grande propriété et du commerce ; l’héritage byzantin n’est pas uniforme, mais, même dans ces domaines éloignés de l’idéologie, il a laissé des traces durables.
    Keywords: Italie ; Byzance ; économie agraire ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Ving-cinq ans après (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: En mai 2016, un colloque international était l’occasion de célébrer, à l’École française de Rome, le XXVe anniversaire de la parution de l’Histoire des femmes en Occident et le XXe anniversaire de la publication de la Storia delle donne in Italia, deux entreprises collectives dont l’éditeur italien Laterza avait été à l’origine. Le livre collectif issu de cette rencontre revient sur la genèse de ces ouvrages pionniers, leur réception et la solidité des acquis historiographiques dont ils sont le fruit en donnant tout d’abord la parole à Michelle Perrot et à quelques-unes des éditrices d’alors ; il s’efforce ensuite de rendre compte de l’extraordinaire évolution d’un champ d’études qui s’est enrichi en suivant les parcours déjà balisés par ces œuvres majeures, mais également en empruntant des directions plus inattendues. Plus de vingt éminent-e-s spécialistes font ainsi le point sur les thématiques les plus significatives qui, de nos jours, sont au cœur des questionnements de l’histoire des femmes et du genre, inscrite désormais dans une dimension globale : circulations, migrations et métissages, lois et droits, identités personnelles, familles et masculinités, économies et cultures matérielles.
    Keywords: historiographie ; femme ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Les marchés de la mer (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Cette recherche étudie les modalités d’approvisionnement de la ville de Venise en produits de la mer (poissons, crustacés et coquillages) au XVIIIe siècle, dans un système qui concerne à la fois des acteurs, des pratiques, des espaces et des modes de gouvernement. L’analyse prend comme point de départ les espèces, leurs lieux de croissance, les rythmes de production, puis l’exploitation du poisson qui devient une ressource alimentaire pour la ville. À Venise, l’ensemble des habitants, des patriciens aux membres du popolo les plus fragiles, consomme des produits de la mer quotidiennement et sous toutes leurs formes. Cette place remarquable du poisson dans l’alimentation a entraîné, chez les acteurs impliqués dans ce système, pêcheurs, marchands et gouvernants, d’intenses réflexions autour de la propriété, de la gestion, de l’exploitation et de la protection des espèces. L’étude se situe par conséquent à la croisée de plusieurs champs historiques (histoire environnementale, histoire sociale et histoire des institutions) et emprunte également certaines de ses approches à l’histoire économique et à l’histoire urbaine. L’enjeu est de déterminer comment se crée et se négocie un système de gestion et d’exploitation d’une ressource, impliquant des savoirs politiques, des savoirs techniques et des usages particuliers élaborés dans des milieux lagunaires et maritimes. Cette interaction est en pleine évolution au XVIIIe siècle, à une période où les mécanismes marchands et économiques sont soumis à des évolutions de conception profondes. Les ressources de la mer n’échappent pas à ces questionnements et la materia del pesce, expression utilisée par les magistrats vénitiens, devient un espace de négociation, mais également de lutte, entre les acteurs du système et les gouvernants dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle.
    Keywords: XVIIIe siècle ; marchés ; Venise ; lagune ; histoire environnementale ; ressources halieutiques ; pêcheurs ; commerce maritime ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    A Colonial Affair (2022)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Danna Agmon's gripping microhistory is a vivid guide to the "Nayiniyappa Affair" in the French colony of Pondicherry, India. The surprising and shifting fates of Nayiniyappa and his family form the basis of this story of global mobilization, which is replete with merchants, missionaries, local brokers, government administrators, and even the French royal family.Agmon's compelling account draws readers into the social, economic, religious, and political interactions that defined the European colonial experience in India and elsewhere. Her portrayal of imperial sovereignty in France's colonies as it played out in the life of one beleaguered family allows readers to witness interactions between colonial officials and locals.Thanks to generous funding from Virginia Tech and its participation in TOME, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellopen.org) and other repositories.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Victims' State (2022)
    Oxford University Press | OUP USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Victims' State is the first integrated account of how Imperial Austria and the successor Austrian Republic responded to the needs of citizen-soldiers and their families in the age of mass politics and the First World War. It shows that compulsory military service and war mobilization changed the mission of the Austrian state and citizens' understanding of what they were entitled to, thus showing how war victim welfare was central to shaping modern European welfare state.
    Keywords: warfare-welfare nexus;Imperial Austria;Austrian First Republic;welfare state;First World War;disabled veteran;pension;conscription;war victim;social citizenship ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR5 First World War ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBF c 1910 to c 1919::3MPBFB c 1914 to c 1918 (World War One period) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    « Sous les pas des frères » (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Ce livre aborde l’art funéraire du XIIIe siècle par un biais original. Il s’intéresse à la manière dont les Frères Prêcheurs et Mineurs ont traité les sépultures de papes et de cardinaux dans leur discours, à la fois littéraire et monumental, entre 1250 et 1304. L’analyse des tombes de prélats situées dans des églises mendiantes, réparties entre l’Italie et la France, révèle une intervention des frères dans les choix d’emplacement, de forme et d’iconographie. Il ressort ainsi de l’enquête que les Frères Prêcheurs ont eu une politique de leur espace davantage planifiée que les Frères Mineurs, puisqu’ils n’acceptèrent dans le chœur de leurs églises que les sépultures de prélats appartenant à l’ordre, surmontées d’une plate-tombe. De leur côté, les Frères Mineurs ont construit un discours original sur leur rôle dans l’accompagnement des mourants, à la fois dans l’iconographie et dans la littérature homilétique. Enfin, ce livre accorde une place importante aux procédés mis en œuvre par les mendiants pour « créer » des saints parmi les prélats qui étaient issus de l’ordre ou qui en étaient des bienfaiteurs.
    Keywords: 14th century ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Noble Bondsmen (2022)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Freed documents the network of marriage practices among ministerials in the archdiocese of Salzburg and in the process reconstructs an important and previously unexplored chapter in the rise of the German principalities.
    Keywords: European history: medieval period, middle ages ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Lier et délier la propriété (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Les fidéicommis étaient consubstantiels aux sociétés d’Ancien Régime. En rendant les biens indisponibles et en fixant la ligne de succession, ces fondations testamentaires visaient la conservation de l’assise matérielle des familles. Au nom de la libre circulation des biens et d’une conception absolue de la propriété, ils furent au XVIIIe siècle l’objet de critiques qui débouchèrent sur des réformes dans certains États italiens. Rien de tel dans la République de Venise où le patriciat n’envisagea jamais de réformes systémiques qui risquaient de remettre en cause les équilibres politiques et sociaux. Néanmoins, dès la fin du XVe siècle, l’État vénitien légiféra à mesure que les fidéicommis entraient en contradiction avec d’autres systèmes normatifs : le recouvrement des créances et des impôts et le remboursement des dots. L’État définit également les conditions de levée de l’inaliénabilité des biens et mit en place, sous l’égide des Juges du Procurator, une procédure pour garantir le réinvestissement des capitaux assujettis à fidéicommis (emprunts publics et prêts) au prix d’un travail administratif considérable. L’exploitation des archives de cette cour permet d’éclairer le rôle de l’autorité judiciaire dans la cogestion des fidéicommis et celui des ayants droit qui pouvaient se comporter en administrateurs actifs, capables de remodeler le contenu du fidéicommis sans changer sa valeur. En scrutant les modalités du passage de l’indisponible au disponible, ce livre interroge l’élasticité d’un dispositif réputé pour sa rigidité ; il démontre aussi que les fidéicommis étaient une institution totalisante dont le gouvernement était autant une affaire de famille que l’affaire de l’État.
    Keywords: Venise ; droit ; succession ; fidéicommis ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    L’économie du ‘mouchoir’ : crédit et microcrédit à Venise au XVIIIe siècle (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: La littérature sur le crédit à l’époque moderne s’est souvent focalisée sur les Monts-de-piété, les prêteurs juifs et les notaires, considérés comme le noyau du système de crédit préindustriel. Cependant, pour la majorité des habitants des villes de l’Ancien Régime, le besoin presque quotidien d’obtenir de petits prêts était satisfait par d’autres voies, moins connues mais tout aussi fondamentales pour la fragile économie des couches populaires. En utilisant des sources d’archives inédites, ce volume analyse l’architecture du marché du crédit à Venise au XVIIIe siècle. Au sein de ce marché, il est apparu que osti (aubergistes) et bastioneri – gestionnaires des bastioni, entrepôts où le vin était vendu à emporter – occupaient une place centrale, à la fois comme fournisseurs de biens de première nécessité et prêteurs sur gage. Ils étaient un point de référence incontournable pour les franges les plus pauvres et vulnérables de la société, les protagonistes de ce que l’auteur appelle « l’économie du mouchoir » (economia del fazzoletto). Chaque année osti et bastioneri prenaient en gage des dizaines de milliers d’objets d’usage quotidien – la vraie « richesse » des pauvres – dans le cadre de transactions à mi-chemin entre crédit et consommation. Les coffres et les armoires des Vénitiens devenaient de véritables réserve de valeur, toujours disponibles pour être exploitées en cas de besoin : il s’agissait d’une ressource fondamentale, qui leur permettait de survivre, un mouchoir à la fois.
    Keywords: Venise ; Italie ; crédit ; pauvreté ; XVIIIe siècle ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Communities of Saint Martin (2022)
    Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Sharon Farmer here investigates the ways in which three medieval communities—the town of Tours, the basilica of Saint-Martin there, and the abbey of Marmoutier nearby—all defined themselves through the cult of Saint Martin. She demonstrates how in the early Middle Ages the bishops of Tours used the cult of Martin, their fourthcentury predecessor, to shape an idealized image of Tours as Martin's town. As the heirs to Martin's see, the bishops projected themselves as the rightful leaders of the community. However, in the late eleventh century, she shows, the canons of Saint-Martin (where the saint's relics resided) and the monks of Marmoutier (which Martin had founded) took control of the cult and produced new legends and rituals to strengthen their corporate interests.Since the basilica and the abbey differed in their spiritualities, structures, and external ties, the canons and monks elaborated and manipulated Martin's cult in quite different ways. Farmer shows how one saint's cult lent itself to these varying uses, and analyzes the strikingly dissimilar Martins that emerged. Her skillful inquiry into the relationship between group identity and cultural expression illuminates the degree to which culture is contested territory.Farmer's rich blend of social history and hagiography will appeal to a wide range of medievalists, cultural anthropologists, religious historians, and urban historians.Sharon Farmer here investigates the ways in which three medieval communities—the town of Tours, the basilica of Saint-Martin there, and the abbey of Marmoutier nearby—all defined themselves through the cult of Saint Martin. She demonstrates how in the early Middle Ages the bishops of Tours used the cult of Martin, their fourthcentury predecessor, to shape an idealized image of Tours as Martin's town. As the heirs to Martin's see, the bishops projected themselves as the rightful leaders of the community. However, in the late eleventh century, she shows, the canons of Saint-Martin (where the saint's relics resided) and the monks of Marmoutier (which Martin had founded) took control of the cult and produced new legends and rituals to strengthen their corporate interests. Since the basilica and the abbey differed in their spiritualities, structures, and external ties, the canons and monks elaborated and manipulated Martin's cult in quite different ways. Farmer shows how one saint's cult lent itself to these varying uses, and analyzes the strikingly dissimilar Martins that emerged. Her skillful inquiry into the relationship between group identity and cultural expression illuminates the degree to which culture is contested territory. Farmer's rich blend of social history and hagiography will appeal to a wide range of medievalists, cultural anthropologists, religious historians, and urban historians.
    Keywords: European history: medieval period, middle ages ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Male ablata (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dans l’Occident médiéval, à partir du XIIe siècle, la question des biens mal acquis rencontre celle de la restitution, cet acte par lequel le bon chrétien s’engage à rendre les richesses acquises illicitement pour être en accord avec l’enseignement de l’Église et avec sa conscience. Les male ablata ont souvent pour origine - mais non exclusivement - des relations de crédit abusives, usuraires, que la restitution permet précisément de réparer en indemnisant, directement ou indirectement, les débiteurs lésés. Du XIIe au XVe siècle, des sources variées documentent ce mouvement de restitutio male ablatorum, depuis les dispositions pontificales, les questions théologiques et les commentaires des canonistes jusqu’aux testaments et donations inter vivos, en passant par des promesses de restitution ou des actes judiciaires. Pour interroger cette documentation, il importe avant tout de se dégager d’un a priori historiographique très répandu qui en réduit la portée à une simple moralisation hypocrite, pour satisfaire l’Église, des pratiques économiques des marchands médiévaux. Les textes réunis dans ce volume s’appuient sur des dossiers documentaires inédits et apportent une première réponse aux questions historiques posées par la restitution des biens mal acquis : quels en furent les acteurs, les bénéficiaires et les intermédiaires, quelles en furent les modalités, la chronologie et la place dans les sociétés médiévales ?
    Keywords: Moyen Âge ; restitution ; usure ; morale économique ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    La face cachée de l'empire (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Ce livre étudie la fabrique d’une politique étrangère, celle de l’Italie dans cet étranger proche qu’est pour elle la péninsule balkanique. L’Europe du sud-est est en effet, à la fin du XIXe siècle, le principal théâtre d’une « question nationale » à laquelle l’Italie doit son existence. C’est l’entrelacs de la Realpolitik, de la cause des peuples, mais aussi des intérêts matériels des individus et des groupes impliqués dans l’expansionnisme qu’examine cet ouvrage. Le livre brosse successivement les traits fondamentaux de cette politique : d’abord l’invention d’une légitimité à guider les peuples balkaniques vers la rédemption nationale. Ensuite le choc de la réalité, celle d’une puissance faible qui doit se réfugier dans un soft-power libéral et humanitaire. Il situe ensuite les questions balkaniques par rapport au débat politique en Italie même : entre Question d’Orient, irrédentisme et colonialisme. S’intéressant aux acteurs de cette politique balkanique (savants, militants, consuls et affairistes), il apporte des éléments factuels et interprétatifs neufs sur l’impérialisme en pleine grandeur qui dessine, entre 1912 et 1915, un embryon d’empire italien en Méditerranée.
    Keywords: politique étrangère ; XIXe siècle ; XXe siècle ; Impérialisme ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    The Afterlives of the Terror (2022)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The Afterlives of the Terror explores how those who experienced the mass violence of the French Revolution struggled to come to terms with it. Focusing on the Reign of Terror, Ronen Steinberg challenges the presumption that its aftermath was characterized by silence and enforced collective amnesia. Instead, he shows that there were painful, complex, and sometimes surprisingly honest debates about how to deal with its legacies. As The Afterlives of the Terror shows, revolutionary leaders, victims' families, and ordinary citizens argued about accountability, retribution, redress, and commemoration. Drawing on the concept of transitional justice and the scholarship on the major traumas of the twentieth century, Steinberg explores how the French tried, but ultimately failed, to leave this difficult past behind. He argues that it was the same democratizing, radicalizing dynamic that led to the violence of the Terror, which also gave rise to an unprecedented interrogation of how society is affected by events of enormous brutality. In this sense, the modern question of what to do with difficult pasts is one of the unanticipated consequences of the eighteenth century's age of democratic revolutions.Thanks to generous funding from Michigan State University and its participation in TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem), the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access (OA) volumes, available on the Cornell University Press website and other Open Access repositories.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Guerres et richesses d’une nation (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Comment Florence la guelfe, cité industrieuse et commerciale, peut-elle résoudre son problème portuaire en bénéficiant des infrastructures et de la flotte de Pise la gibeline au XIVe siècle ? Dépassant le campanilisme historiographique, cet ouvrage interroge les relations, tour à tour houleuses et cordiales, entre deux villes ennemies sur le plan politique mais aux économies complémentaires. Ne se contentant pas d’une histoire centrée sur les marchands et les compagnies commerciales, ce livre examine le rôle crucial des institutions – en particulier de la nation et des tribunaux marchands – dans la régulation et le dynamisme de l’économie florentine. Les nations marchandes restent mal connues dans le cas florentin. Or, le cas de Pise révèle plusieurs originalités : la certification de la citoyenneté, une direction bicéphale, une loggia dans le palais-même du seigneur. De plus, la connaissance fine des finances de la nation, qui permet de reconstituer le trafic florentin, prouve que la sécurisation des échanges importe davantage que la réduction des coûts. Cette nation est ainsi le prolongement à l’étranger du tribunal de la Mercanzia florentine, amenée à gérer les conflits sur les douanes, les faillites, les représailles et à aplanir les conflits par la voie judiciaire.
    Keywords: commerce ; droit commercial ; guelfes ; gibelins ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    The Oldest Vocation (2022)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: According to an old story, a woman concealed her sex and ruled as pope for a few years in the ninth century. Pope Joan was not betrayed by a lover or discovered by an enemy; her downfall came when she went into labor during a papal procession through the streets of Rome. From the myth of Joan to the experiences of saints, nuns, and ordinary women, The Oldest Vocation brings to life both the richness and the troubling contradictions of Christian motherhood in medieval Europe.After tracing the roots of medieval ideologies of motherhood in early Christianity, Clarissa W. Atkinson reconstructs the physiological assumptions underlying medieval notions about women's bodies and reproduction; inherited from Greek science and popularized through the practice of midwifery, these assumptions helped shape common beliefs about what mothers were. She then describes the development of "spiritual motherhood" both as a concept emerging out of monastic ideologies in the early Middle Ages and as a reality in the lives of certain remarkable women. Atkinson explores the theological dimensions of medieval motherhood by discussing the cult of the Virgin Mary in twelfth-century art, story, and religious expression. She also offers a fascinating new perspective on the women saints of the later Middle Ages, many of whom were mothers; their lives and cults forged new relationships between maternity and holiness. The Oldest Vocation concludes where most histories of motherhood begin—in early modern Europe, when the family was institutionalized as a center of religious and social organization.Anyone interested in the status of motherhood, or in women's history, the cultural history of the Middle Ages, or the history of religion will want to read this book.According to an old story, a woman concealed her sex and ruled as pope for a few years in the ninth century. Pope Joan was not betrayed by a lover or discovered by an enemy; her downfall came when she went into labor during a papal procession through the streets of Rome. From the myth of Joan to the experiences of saints, nuns, and ordinary women, The Oldest Vocation brings to life both the richness and the troubling contradictions of Christian motherhood in medieval Europe.After tracing the roots of medieval ideologies of motherhood in early Christianity, Clarissa W. Atkinson reconstructs the physiological assumptions underlying medieval notions about women's bodies and reproduction; inherited from Greek science and popularized through the practice of midwifery, these assumptions helped shape common beliefs about what mothers were. She then describes the development of "spiritual motherhood" both as a concept emerging out of monastic ideologies in the early Middle Ages and as a reality in the lives of certain remarkable women. Atkinson explores the theological dimensions of medieval motherhood by discussing the cult of the Virgin Mary in twelfth-century art, story, and religious expression. She also offers a fascinating new perspective on the women saints of the later Middle Ages, many of whom were mothers; their lives and cults forged new relationships between maternity and holiness. The Oldest Vocation concludes where most histories of motherhood begin—in early modern Europe, when the family was institutionalized as a center of religious and social organization.Anyone interested in the status of motherhood, or in women's history, the cultural history of the Middle Ages, or the history of religion will want to read this book.
    Keywords: European history: medieval period, middle ages ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Les Allemands à Venise 1380-1520 (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Au pied des Alpes, Venise, ouverte sur le monde : les immigrants venus du Nord, désignés au XVe siècle comme Allemands, qu’ils soient venus de l’Empire ou de ses confins, ont formé dans le tissu urbain une minorité active, sans cesse renouvelée. La présence allemande à Venise est attestée depuis la fin du XIIe siècle dans tous les secteurs de la vie artisanale et industrielle et se disperse dans toute la ville. Mais les plus anciens témoignages sur cette présence soulignent le rôle économique et l’importance institutionnelle d’un édifice situé près du pont du Rialto, où les marchands allemands sont contraints de résider. Par le « Fondaco dei Tedeschi » un flux continu de métaux monétaires, produits des mines d’Europe centrale, constitue la contrepartie des importations d’épices, de soieries et de coton qui font la fortune de Venise et approvisionnent l’Outremont, de Bruges à Cracovie. Les résidents du « Fondaco » sont les représentants des principales villes et sociétés d’affaires, qui, de la Haute-Allemagne à la Rhénanie, dominent au XVe siècle et jusqu’au début du XVIe siècle les échanges entre le monde méditerranéen et l’Europe du Nord et du Nord-Ouest. Ces échanges font de Venise une place essentielle pour l’apprentissage du commerce, qu’il s’agisse de la langue, du droit ou de la comptabilité. Hors du « Fondaco », actes notariés et testaments font revivre une communauté présente dans tous les métiers, en particulier dans les domaines de pointe où l’art et l’invention technique se conjuguent, comme l’orfèvrerie ou l’imprimerie. Insérés jusqu’à se fondre dans les réseaux qui les entourent, ceux des ateliers, des paroisses et des « scuole », nombre d’Allemands ont construit une vie définitivement étrangère, et, par conséquent, vénitienne.
    Keywords: migration ; Venise ; Allemand ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Raison administrative et logiques d’empire (xvie-xixe siècle) (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Entre l’Ancien Régime et le xxe siècle émerge et s’affirme un pouvoir formidable, que nous connaissons sous le nom d’administration. Ce processus se développe notamment dans le contexte des empires européens des époques moderne et contemporaine : le sens du mot administrer évolue alors que s’affirme la nécessité de gouverner des espaces multiples et hétérogènes, proches et lointains. Ce livre propose de remonter aux sources puis de suivre la trace de cette raison administrative et de son affirmation au cours d’une chronologie habituellement associée à l’histoire de l’État, ici au second plan. Historiens et historiens du droit réfléchissent ici à l’administration à partir de l’étude de cas concrets, inscrits dans des contextes chronologiques et spatiaux différents, ainsi que dans des cultures politiques et juridiques fortement diversifiées. Ce dialogue entre plusieurs horizons historiographiques constitue dès lors une tentative de saisie des logiques administratives à bonne distance des téléologies traditionnelles, depuis l’analyse des institutions étatiques et des dynamiques centres-périphéries, vers les redéfinitions de la podestas et l’exercice du commandement à l’échelle locale.
    Keywords: colonie espagnole ; gestion ; grandes puissances ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    La vie politique à Marseille sous la domination angevine (1348-1385) (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: La commune marseillaise au XIVe siècle est marquée par la domination angevine de Naples, qui n’étouffe cependant pas la vitalité politique urbaine, dont témoigne la dimension scripturale de l’administration municipale. Le gouvernement quotidien a en effet produit une abondante documentation jusqu’ici peu étudiée pour elle-même : les délibérations du conseil de ville, dans lesquelles se dessinent les jeux de pouvoir traversant la cité portuaire. Les années 1348-1385 sont marquées à Marseille par une situation de crise prolongée, notamment par la durable déstabilisation du pouvoir souverain. Dans ce contexte, l’assemblée municipale s’affirme comme le lieu du gouvernement de la ville. Alors que s’effacent les officiers royaux, le conseil de ville s’approprie une part grandissante d’autonomie et consolide le statut marseillais d’exception dans le comté de Provence. Les pratiques de l’assemblée – délibérations, serments, désignation de citoyens chargés de mettre en œuvre les ordonnances adoptées – permettent à de nombreux habitants de participer à l’activité de l’assemblée urbaine, sous la direction d’une élite municipale qui s’entoure de notaires et de praticiens du droit. La légitimité communale s’appuie sur des outils scripturaux, depuis les statuts de la ville jusqu’aux écrits les plus quotidiens, dont la circulation définit un régime de normativité spécifique. L’enregistrement des séances s’avère l’instrument décisif de la construction de l’autorité par l’écrit : autour des registres délibératifs gravitent les multiples pièces administratives et juridiques qui assurent l’institutionnalisation et l’autonomie du gouvernement de la ville.
    Keywords: administration ; politique ; Marseille ; gouvernement ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500
    Language: French
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    Ostia, l’Italia e il Mediterraneo (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Dedicato alla memoria di Mireille Cébeillac-Gervasoni, scomparsa il 29 marzo 2017, il volume raccoglie 22 contributi di amici e colleghi presentati al Quinto seminario Ostiense (Roma – Parco Archeologico di Ostia Antica, 21 e 22 marzo 2018). Dopo un’introduzione che mette in risalto il ruolo degli studi su Ostia nell’opera scientifica della studiosa, il volume contiene una prima serie di saggi dedicati alla storia istituzionale, sociale o religiosa della città porto di Roma e che si avvalgono di dati nuovi o rivisti di natura epigrafica o archeologica. Sulla linea del percorso intellettuale e delle ricerche di Mireille Cébeillac-Gervasoni, e talvolta riallacciandosi esplicitamente ai suoi studi, la seconda parte del libro tratta più specificamente il tema delle élites dell’Italia romana, ma allargandosi alla storia del Mediterraneo romano con l’esempio dei riti funebri della colonia di Filippi. Tutti i contributi vogliono offrire un riflesso sfaccettato e nello stesso tempo, anche se non completo, almeno fedele dell’iniziativa dei Seminari Ostiensi da lei sempre sostenuta con particolare impegno, e delle ricerche che ha ispirato nella sua lunga carriera.
    Keywords: archeologia ; epigrafia latina ; scavi archeologici ; urbanistica ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: Italian
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    Les cardinaux entre Cour et Curie (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Les cardinaux sont connus du grand public comme des figures prestigieuses des Églises et des sociétés locales. Ils suscitent aussi l’intérêt des médias internationaux par leur rôle, majeur mais toujours mystérieux, dans l’élection du pape. Pourtant, la nature de leur charge et la réalité de leurs fonctions demeurent largement dans l’ombre. Les membres du Sacré Collège composent une élite qui ne ressemble à aucune autre : aristocratique au sens du choix des « meilleurs », et cependant non héréditaire, à fort ancrage local mais aussi très internationalisée, placée à partir des Lumières et de la Révolution face au défi de s’adapter à la modernité. Cet ouvrage est centré sur les aspects spécifiquement romains de l’activité multiforme des « porporati ». Ceux-ci sont saisis à la fois en tant que corps constitué, sede plena (consistoire) et sede vacante (conclave), qu’individuellement, comme responsables de dicastères de la Curie, acteurs majeurs de la diplomatie vaticane, mais aussi protecteurs de congrégations religieuses, dignitaires de la Cour pontificale et détenteurs d’un « titre » cardinalice symbolisant leur ancrage dans la Ville. Les vingt-cinq contributions réunies dans ce volume, accompagnées d’une bibliographie et de plusieurs index, sont le fruit d’un programme de recherches interdisciplinaires qui a rassemblé une équipe internationale d’historiens et d’historiens du droit, et qui a été conduit par l’École française de Rome, l’Institut catholique de Paris et l’Université Paris-Sud.
    Keywords: curie romaine ; église catholique ; politique et diplomatie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    I registri della giustizia penale nell’Italia dei secoli XII-XV (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Nell'attuale paesaggio storiografico italiano è ben presente la volontà di lavorare sulle differenti tipologie documentarie prodotte nell’Italia dei Comuni. Così è per gli studi sugli statuti comunali, studi iniziati nel XIX secolo che proseguono tutt’oggi con atti di convegni ed edizioni documentarie, e per tutte le fonti istituzionali amministrative di carattere ordinario: delibere di organi consiliari (riformanze), registri fiscali, corrispondenze epistolari, registri giudiziari. Risultato di un convegno organizzato all'École française de Rome (6-8 giugno 2017), questo volume è il primo interamente dedicato ai registri della giustizia penale (libri maleficiorum); si tratta di documenti relativi alla gestione della cosa pubblica destinati all'azione, che racchiudono finalità performative. Sono presenti in quantità cospicue nel territorio italiano, in molti fondi di archivi e biblioteche comunali e negli Archivi di Stato. La «Rivoluzione documentaria» dell’Italia comunale ha conosciuto una delle sue più potenti espressioni anche attraverso le carte di questa amministrazione ordinaria. Facendo parte a pieno titolo di una storia della giustizia, che si è rinnovata negli ultimi anni cercando di aprirsi il più possibile a tutto il territorio italiano e mostrando punti in comune e differenze regionali, i saggi qui raccolti si soffermano sulla produzione dei libri maleficiorum. Sono indagati il loro ruolo nel sistema documentario dei comuni e di altre istituzioni, la loro collocazione nel sistema documentario generale e le relazioni con altra documentazione comunale, il funzionamento delle istituzioni giudiziarie e i meccanismi procedurali, i conflitti, i negoziati e le sentenze. Le sezioni conclusive mettono a fuoco due temi centrali in materia di pratiche sociali, privilegiate nei libri maleficiorum stessi: la violenza e il genere.
    Keywords: justice ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: Italian
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    On the Ruins of Babel (2022)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The eighteenth century struggled to define architecture as either an art or a science—the image of the architect as a grand figure who synthesizes all other disciplines within a single master plan emerged from this discourse. Immanuel Kant and Johann Wolfgang Goethe described the architect as their equal, a genius with godlike creativity. For writers from Descartes to Freud, architectural reasoning provided a method for critically examining consciousness. The architect, as philosophers liked to think of him, was obligated by the design and construction process to mediate between the abstract and the actual.In On the Ruins of Babel, Daniel Purdy traces this notion back to its wellspring. He surveys the volatile state of architectural theory in the Enlightenment, brought on by the newly emerged scientific critiques of Renaissance cosmology, then shows how German writers redeployed Renaissance terminology so that "harmony," "unity," "synthesis," "foundation," and "orderliness" became states of consciousness, rather than terms used to describe the built world. Purdy's distinctly new interpretation of German theory reveals how metaphors constitute interior life as an architectural space to be designed, constructed, renovated, or demolished. He elucidates the close affinity between Hegel's Romantic aesthetic of space and Daniel Libeskind's deconstruction of monumental architecture in Berlin's Jewish Museum.Through a careful reading of Walter Benjamin's writing on architecture as myth, Purdy details how classical architecture shaped Benjamin's modernist interpretations of urban life, particularly his elaboration on Freud's archaeology of the unconscious. Benjamin's essays on dreams and architecture turn the individualist sensibility of the Enlightenment into a collective and mythic identification between humans and buildings.The eighteenth century struggled to define architecture as either an art or a science—the image of the architect as a grand figure who synthesizes all other disciplines within a single master plan emerged from this discourse. Immanuel Kant and Johann Wolfgang Goethe described the architect as their equal, a genius with godlike creativity. For writers from Descartes to Freud, architectural reasoning provided a method for critically examining consciousness. The architect, as philosophers liked to think of him, was obligated by the design and construction process to mediate between the abstract and the actual.In On the Ruins of Babel, Daniel Purdy traces this notion back to its wellspring. He surveys the volatile state of architectural theory in the Enlightenment, brought on by the newly emerged scientific critiques of Renaissance cosmology, then shows how German writers redeployed Renaissance terminology so that "harmony," "unity," "synthesis," "foundation," and "orderliness" became states of consciousness, rather than terms used to describe the built world. Purdy's distinctly new interpretation of German theory reveals how metaphors constitute interior life as an architectural space to be designed, constructed, renovated, or demolished. He elucidates the close affinity between Hegel's Romantic aesthetic of space and Daniel Libeskind's deconstruction of monumental architecture in Berlin's Jewish Museum.Through a careful reading of Walter Benjamin's writing on architecture as myth, Purdy details how classical architecture shaped Benjamin's modernist interpretations of urban life, particularly his elaboration on Freud's archaeology of the unconscious. Benjamin's essays on dreams and architecture turn the individualist sensibility of the Enlightenment into a collective and mythic identification between humans and buildings.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    « L’espoir quotidien » (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: En reconstituant les cultures et les imaginaires des militants socialistes français et italiens, cet ouvrage entend réfléchir aux motivations de l’adhésion idéologique et aux déterminants de l’agir politique. Mouvantes, les cultures socialistes sont ouvertes à de nombreuses influences : on peut ainsi mettre en évidence des superpositions avec les cultures catholiques, radicales ou communistes. Étudier une période brève permet en outre de travailler à l’intersection de différentes échelles – locale, nationale, internationale – et de décrire la diversité des représentations du monde qui voisinent au sein des deux partis, les rituels qui permettent de les exprimer, le rapport au temps et les pratiques politiques jugées légitimes. Il s’agit également de contribuer à l’histoire du socialisme européen au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et d’expliquer ses déchirements. « Maîtres de l’heure », selon les mots de Léon Blum, les partis socialistes d’Europe occidentale participent à la plupart des gouvernements d’union nationale qui suivent la Libération et inspirent certaines des réformes les plus emblématiques de la période. Mais, très vite, ils se trouvent englués dans la guerre froide naissante, à la recherche d’une hypothétique troisième voie qui peine à se dessiner et ils sont contraints à des choix tranchés qui provoquent, en France comme en Italie, tensions, rancœurs et scissions.
    Keywords: PSI ; histoire politique ; histoire culturelle du politique ; Italie ; France ; Libération ; imaginaires ; historicités ; 1945-1950 ; histoire sociale ; Comisco ; socialisme ; SFIO ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Repentance for the Holocaust (2022)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In Repentance for the Holocaust, C. K. Martin Chung develops the biblical idea of "turning" (tshuvah) into a conceptual framework to analyze a particular area of contemporary German history, commonly referred to as Vergangenheitsbewältigung or "coming to terms with the past." Chung examines a selection of German responses to the Nazi past, their interaction with the victims’ responses, such as those from Jewish individuals, and their correspondence with biblical repentance. In demonstrating the victims’ influence on German responses, Chung asserts that the phenomenon of Vergangenheitsbewältigung can best be understood in a relational, rather than a national, paradigm. By establishing the conformity between those responses to past atrocities and the idea of "turning," Chung argues that the religious texts from the Old Testament encapsulating this idea (especially the Psalms of Repentance) are viable intellectual resources for dialogues among victims, perpetrators, bystanders, and their descendants in the discussion of guilt and responsibility, justice and reparation, remembrance and reconciliation. It is a great irony that after Nazi Germany sought to eliminate each and every single Jew within its reach, postwar Germans have depended on the Jewish device of repentance as a feasible way out of their unparalleled national catastrophe and unprecedented spiritual ruin.In Repentance for the Holocaust, C. K. Martin Chung develops the biblical idea of "turning" (tshuvah) into a conceptual framework to analyze a particular area of contemporary German history, commonly referred to as Vergangenheitsbewältigung or "coming to terms with the past." Chung examines a selection of German responses to the Nazi past, their interaction with the victims' responses, such as those from Jewish individuals, and their correspondence with biblical repentance. In demonstrating the victims’ influence on German responses, Chung asserts that the phenomenon of Vergangenheitsbewältigung can best be understood in a relational, rather than a national, paradigm.By establishing the conformity between those responses to past atrocities and the idea of "turning," Chung argues that the religious texts from the Old Testament encapsulating this idea (especially the Psalms of Repentance) are viable intellectual resources for dialogues among victims, perpetrators, bystanders, and their descendants in the discussion of guilt and responsibility, justice and reparation, remembrance and reconciliation. It is a great irony that after Nazi Germany sought to eliminate each and every single Jew within its reach, postwar Germans have depended on the Jewish device of repentance as a feasible way out of their unparalleled national catastrophe and unprecedented spiritual ruin.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Un Autre Risorgimento (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Entre l’effondrement de l’Empire napoléonien en 1815 et le milieu des années 1850, où la « question napolitaine » devient une affaire diplomatique internationale, la partie continentale du royaume des Deux-Siciles voit s’affirmer un scénario de politisation cohérent qui associe la revendication des libertés politiques à l’opposition à la monarchie bourbonienne. À partir de la documentation administrative bourbonienne, des écrits personnels des libéraux et de leurs productions politiques, on se propose d’étudier ce mouvement politique par ses acteurs. Il a pris la forme d’une société civile d’opposition réticulée et disparate, davantage anti-absolutiste qu’elle n’est idéologiquement libérale. À travers les circuits locaux, nationaux et transnationaux de la politisation libérale dans le Mezzogiorno pré-unitaire, c’est la singularité du Risorgimento méridional qu’on voudrait mettre en évidence, entre adhésions et résistances à la construction nationale italienne et réappropriations de cette dernière.
    Keywords: libéralisme ; Risorgimento ; royaume de Naples ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Frères de sang, frères d’armes, frères ennemis (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Le XIXe siècle des nationalités s’est pensé comme le siècle de la fraternité, entre les peuples et les hommes. Et la nation moderne s’est souvent présentée comme fondée sur une extension de la famille, unie par le sang, les valeurs, la culture. Cette vision a entraîné des formes de mobilisation politique originales comme le volontariat, les sociétés de secours mutuel, les fraternités. Plus spécifiquement (mais non exclusivement) consacré à l’Italie du Risorgimento, ce volume prend acte de deux points qui apparaissent clairement : l’utilisation massive du mot frère (fratelli), fraternité (fratellanza) durant les guerres d’indépendance, et aussi de la mobilisation massive de frères de sang, d’une même famille, qui ont pu combattre ensemble : les frères Bandiera, Fabrizi, Cairoli… en sont quelques exemples. Or, si la fraternité est un concept, c’est aussi un état et un sentiment. Un état, car être frère relève d’un statut familial, encadré par des normes, des lois qui n’instaurent pas l’amour fraternel, qui lui, est un sentiment. À l’intersection de ces acceptions de la fraternité, le volume aborde donc la dimension biographique et met en évidence que la fraternité « de sang » est en fait, souvent, le cadre d’un affrontement politique régulé par les intérêts familiaux. Entre les concepts et la pratique, les idées et les acteurs, la polysémie de la fraternité s’avère être un formidable outil de mobilisation négociée.
    Keywords: politique ; Italie ; Risorgimento ; fraternité ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Berlin Coquette (2022)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: During the late nineteenth century the city of Berlin developed such a reputation for lawlessness and sexual licentiousness that it came to be known as the "Whore of Babylon." Out of this reputation for debauchery grew an unusually rich discourse around prostitution. In Berlin Coquette, Jill Suzanne Smith shows how this discourse transcended the usual clichés about prostitutes and actually explored complex visions of alternative moralities or sexual countercultures including the "New Morality" articulated by feminist radicals, lesbian love, and the "New Woman."Combining extensive archival research with close readings of a broad spectrum of texts and images from the late Wilhelmine and Weimar periods, Smith recovers a surprising array of productive discussions about extramarital sexuality, women’s financial autonomy, and respectability. She highlights in particular the figure of the cocotte (Kokotte), a specific type of prostitute who capitalized on the illusion of respectable or upstanding womanhood and therefore confounded easy categorization. By exploring the semantic connections between the figure of the cocotte and the act of flirtation (of being coquette), Smith’s work presents flirtation as a type of social interaction through which both prostitutes and non-prostitutes in Imperial and Weimar Berlin could express extramarital sexual desire and agency.During the late nineteenth century the city of Berlin developed such a reputation for lawlessness and sexual licentiousness that it came to be known as the "Whore of Babylon." Out of this reputation for debauchery grew an unusually rich discourse around prostitution. In Berlin Coquette, Jill Suzanne Smith shows how this discourse transcended the usual clichés about prostitutes and actually explored complex visions of alternative moralities or sexual countercultures including the "New Morality" articulated by feminist radicals, lesbian love, and the "New Woman."Combining extensive archival research with close readings of a broad spectrum of texts and images from the late Wilhelmine and Weimar periods, Smith recovers a surprising array of productive discussions about extramarital sexuality, women's financial autonomy, and respectability. She highlights in particular the figure of the cocotte (Kokotte), a specific type of prostitute who capitalized on the illusion of respectable or upstanding womanhood and therefore confounded easy categorization. By exploring the semantic connections between the figure of the cocotte and the act of flirtation (of being coquette), Smith’s work presents flirtation as a type of social interaction through which both prostitutes and non-prostitutes in Imperial and Weimar Berlin could express extramarital sexual desire and agency.
    Keywords: European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Sacred Rivals (2022)
    Oxford University Press | OUP USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: France;Algeria;Ottoman Syria;Islam;Catholicism;Catholic Orientalism;Imperialism;Missions;Jesuits;Louis Veuillot;Melchior de Vogüé;Charles Lavigerie;White Fathers;Humanitarianism;Œuvre d'Orient;Civilizing Mission
    Keywords: France;Algeria;Ottoman Syria;Islam;Catholicism;Catholic Orientalism;Imperialism;Missions;Jesuits;Louis Veuillot;Melchior de Vogüé;Charles Lavigerie;White Fathers;Humanitarianism;Œuvre d'Orient;Civilizing Mission ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAX History of religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJD European history ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTQ Colonialism & imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
    Language: English
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    Empires and Communities in the Post-Roman and Islamic World, c. 400 – 1000 CE (2022)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book deals with the ways in which empires affect smaller communities – for instance, ethnic groups, religious communities, local or peripheral populations. It addresses Byzantinium, the early Islamic World and the West in the 5th to 10th centuries CE, a period with a particular dynamic of imperial formation and decline in Europe and the Mediterranean.
    Description: Dieser Band beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen von Imperien auf kleinere Gemeinschaften – zum Beispiel ethnische verbände, religiöse Gemeinschaften, lokale oder periphere Bevölkerungen. Behnadelt werden Byzanz, die frühislamische Welt und der Westen im 5.-10. Jahrhundert n. Chr., eine Zeit von besonders dynamischen Prozessen von Neubildung und verfall von Imperien in Europa und dem Mittelmeeraum.
    Keywords: Imperien – Geschichte – vor 1500; Zivilisation, mittelalterliche; Mittelalter; Islamisches Imperium, Geschichte; Ethnizität, Geschichte, bis 1500; Ost und West ; ÖFOS 2012, Byzantinistik ; ÖFOS 2012, Globalgeschichte ; ÖFOS 2012, Islam ; Imperialism—History—To 1500; Civilization, Medieval; Middle Ages; Islamic Empire—History; Ethnicity—History—To 1500; East and West (nach LCSH) ; ÖFOS 2012, Byzantine studies ; ÖFOS 2012, Global history ; ÖFOS 2012, Islam ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history
    Language: English
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    Sick Note (2022)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Sick Note is a history of how the British state asked, ‘who is really sick?’ Tracing medical certification for absence from work from 1948 to 2010, it shows that doctors, employers, employees, politicians, media commentators, and citizens each concerned themselves with measuring sickness. At various times, each understood that a signed note from a doctor was not enough to ‘prove’ whether someone was ‘really’ sick. Yet, with no better alternative on offer, the sick note survived in practice and in the popular imagination—just like the welfare state itself. Sick Note reveals the interplay between medical, employment, and social security policy. The physical note became an integral part of working and living in Britain, while the term ‘sick note’ was often deployed rhetorically as a mocking nickname or symbol of Britain’s economic and political troubles. Using government policy documents, popular media, internet archives, and contemporary research, this book covers the evolution of medical certification and the welfare state since the Second World War, demonstrating how sickness and disability policies responded to demographic and economic changes—though not always satisfactorily for administrators or claimants. Moreover, despite the creation of ‘the fit note’ in 2010, the idea of ‘the sick note’ has remained. With the specific challenges posed by the global pandemic in the early 2020s, Sick Note shows how the question of ‘who is really sick?’ has never been straightforward and will continue to perplex the British state.
    Keywords: history, welfare, United Kingdom, social security, medicine, employment, absenteeism, disability, politics ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Une réforme orientale à l’âge baroque (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: L’Union de Brest de 1595-1596, entre les orthodoxes ruthènes de Pologne-Lituanie et Rome, offre l’exemple le plus précoce et le plus abouti des Unions ecclésiastiques locales, nées sur les marges de l’Europe catholique au cours des XVIe-XVIIIe siècles. Pour cette raison, son histoire est devenue rapidement l’objet d’une controverse façonnée par la radicalité propre à la spiritualité baroque, avant d’alimenter les récits nationaux des différentes communautés slaves orientales. En remettant à plat ces narrations concurrentes, ce livre réexamine les origines de l’uniatisme et de l’anti-uniatisme de la période post-tridentine du point de vue des acteurs. À partir des données relatives au territoire lituanien, il associe les approches macro- et micro-historiques pour observer ces situations d’interface, de coexistence ou de conflit à l’intérieur de leurs contextes institutionnels, culturels et sociaux. L’étude de cette société en transformation, entre les années 1550 et 1650, montre que les Ruthènes ne se sont engagés que lentement dans la construction des frontières confessionnelles qui continuent de marquer les imaginaires contemporains. Le processus ne s’est accéléré que vers le milieu du XVIIe siècle avec l’adoption progressive des modèles romains et, plus encore, sous l’effet de la politisation du débat religieux, produite par la rivalité entre États. Ce prisme local conduit aussi à évaluer d’en bas le rôle de la papauté dans l’expression des appartenances des Slaves orientaux à l’époque moderne.
    Keywords: Église catholique ; Église orthodoxe ; Église orientale ; Ruthènes ; XVIe-XVII siècle ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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    Politica e diplomazia nell’Italia del primo Rinascimento (2022)
    Publications de l’École française de Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Partendo dalla «lunga et grande guerra d’Italia» (Goro Dati) condotta nella prima metà del XV secolo da una mutevole coalizione di potentati contro Filippo Maria Visconti, il volume approfondisce ragioni e dinamiche del conflitto militare e ideologico tra Firenze e Milano - le cui radici risalgono al secolo precedente -, e lo apre all’intero contesto italiano, portando all’attenzione anche le ripercussioni che questa serie di scontri ebbe sui cambiamenti politici, diplomatici e culturali intercorsi nell’Italia del Rinascimento. Incardinato su un ricco corpus documentario e su una folta bibliografia, il lavoro si propone un duplice obiettivo: da un lato, offrire la ricostruzione e l’analisi degli avvenimenti inerenti alle origini di questo scontro antivisconteo, qui indagate attraverso un approccio interdisciplinare e multidisciplinare che stabilisce intersezioni tra ambiti di ricerca spesso ritenuti non così prossimi tra loro; dall’altro, mettere a disposizione una lettura più dilatata, permettendo di cogliere certe dinamiche e caratteristiche di quel «lungo Quattrocento» italiano che si prolunga fino alla metà del XVI secolo, così come le peculiarità di una lotta condotta con gli eserciti ma anche con gli ambasciatori e con le armi della retorica. Inserito nel solco della New Diplomatic History, lo sguardo è dunque cronologicamente e metodologicamente meno ristretto, e lo studio affronta in filigrana i problemi posti e le possibilità offerte dal fare oggi storia della diplomazia, sul piano tanto narrativo quanto epistemologico-disciplinare.
    Keywords: ducato di Milano ; guerra ; politica ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
    Language: Italian
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    Questioning Bodies in Shakespeare's Rome (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Ancient Rome has always been considered a compendium of City and World. In the Renaissance, an era of epistemic fractures, when the clash between the 'new science' (Copernicus, Galileo, Vesalius, Bacon, etcetera) and the authority of ancient texts produced the very notion of modernity, the extended and expanding geography of ancient Rome becomes, for Shakespeare and the Elizabethans, a privileged arena in which to question the nature of bodies and the place they hold in a changing order of the universe. Drawing on the rich scenario provided by Shakespeare's Rome, and adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, the authors of this volume address the way in which the different bodies of the earthly and heavenly spheres are re-mapped in Shakespeare's time and in early modern European culture. More precisely, they investigate the way bodies are fashioned to suit or deconstruct a culturally articulated system of analogies between earth and heaven, microcosm and macrocosm. As a whole, this collection brings to the fore a wide range of issues connected to the Renaissance re-mapping of the world and the human. It should interest not only Shakespeare scholars but all those working on the interaction between sciences and humanities.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; Renaissance ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    The Dragoman Renaissance (2021)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In The Dragoman Renaissance E. Natalie Rothman traces how Istanbul-based diplomatic translator-interpreters, known as the dragomans, systematically engaged Ottoman elites in the study of the Ottoman Empire—eventually coalescing in the discipline of Orientalism—throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Rothman challenges Eurocentric assumptions still pervasive in Renaissance studies by showing the centrality of Ottoman imperial culture to the articulation of European knowledge about the Ottomans. To do so, she draws on a dazzling array of new material from a variety of archives. By studying the sustained interactions between dragomans and Ottoman courtiers in this period, Rothman disrupts common ideas about a singular moment of "cultural encounter," as well as about a "docile" and "static" Orient, simply acted upon by extraneous imperial powers. The Dragoman Renaissance creatively uncovers how dragomans mediated Ottoman ethno-linguistic, political, and religious categories to European diplomats and scholars. Further, it shows how dragomans did not simply circulate fixed knowledge. Rather, their engagement of Ottoman imperial modes of inquiry and social reproduction shaped the discipline of Orientalism for centuries to come. Thanks to generous funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, through The Sustainable History Monograph Pilot, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellopen.org) and other repositories.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history
    Language: English
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    Chapter Introduction (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Chapter 4 'Now, back to our Virchow': German Medical and Political Traditions in Post-war Berlin (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Streitkultur und Öffentlichkeit im konfessionellen Zeitalter (Volume 95, Edition 1) (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Öffentlich ausgetragene Debatten gehören zu den Grundmerkmalen moderner Gesellschaften. Eine entwickelte »demokratische Streitkultur« gilt mithin geradezu als Voraussetzung für das Funktionieren einer Demokratie. Die dieser Wahrnehmung oft implizit zu Grunde liegende These vom »Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit« ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten von Seiten der Geschichtswissenschaft verschiedentlich relativiert worden.Was hatten diese unterschiedlichen Formen des öffentlich ausgetragenen Streits gemeinsam? Inwieweit prägten und strukturierten sie die jeweilige(n) historische(n) Öffentlichkeit(en)? Wie wurde das Phänomen des Streits von den Zeitgenossen jeweils wahrgenommen und bewertet? Lassen sich diesbezüglich signifikante Unterschiede zur Zeit der frühen Reformation oder der Frühaufklärung konstatieren? Gab es so etwas wie eine spezifische Streitkultur des konfessionellen Zeitalters?
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Österreich-Ungarns imperiale Herausforderungen (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Österreich-Ungarn lässt sich nur verstehen, wenn nationale Lebenswelten mit politischen, militärischen, wirtschaftlichen und künstlerischen Beispielen der imperialen Herrschaft verglichen werden. Die Autorinnen und Autoren verbinden theoretische Überlegungen zu Österreich-Ungarn als Imperium bzw. Kolonialmacht mit der Analyse konkreter Beispiele der imperialen Herrschaftspraxis. Ein besonderer Fokus gilt dabei Städten als Laboratorien gebauter, intellektueller und gesellschaftlicher Diskurse über imperiale und koloniale Vorstellungen. Der vorliegende Band präsentiert damit Antworten auf die Frage, wie ein Imperium überhaupt mit den andauernden Herausforderungen von innen und außen umgehen und seine eigene Existenz sichern kann. The book combines theoretical reflections on Austria-Hungary as an empire and colonial power with the analysis of concrete political, military, economic and artistic examples of imperial rule, which come to fore in particular by comparison. A special focus is on cities as laboratories of built, intellectual and social discourses on imperial and colonial ideas. This volume presents answers to the question of how an empire can handle the ongoing challenges from inside and outside and secure its own existence.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; Austria & Hungary ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Verstümmelte Körper? (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Kastratensänger standen bislang vor allem im Mittelpunkt des Forschungsinteresses der Musik- und Theaterwissenschaften. Dabei wurden vor allem ihr Wirken auf den Bühnen des italienischen Musiktheaters des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts oder die Rezeption der hohen Männerstimme auf das barocke Publikum beleuchtet. Die vorliegende geschichtswissenschaftliche Studie konzentriert sich hingegen auf die Personen als soziale Akteure in der Spätphase dieses Phänomens im 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhundert, wobei exemplarisch vier mitteleuropäische Fürstenhöfe (Wien, München, Dresden, Stuttgart) in den Blick genommen werden.In detaillierten Analysen der Lebenswelten des Hofes und der Residenzstadt fächert die Autorin auf, welchen hohen Stellenwert Kastratensänger innerhalb der höfischen Machtrepräsentation bis zum Schluss besaßen, wie sie sich innerhalb höfischer Anstellungsstrukturen immer wieder erneut positionierten, mit den Bewohnern der Residenzstädte interagierten und welche wichtigen Rollen sie gegenüber Familienangehörigen einnahmen.Insbesondere durch die Untersuchung des individuellen Umgangs mit dem vermeintlichen körperlichen Defizit kann sie zeigen, dass die Annahme, Kastraten seien in der Endphase ihres Bestehens grundsätzlich als defizitäre »verstümmelte Körper« wahrgenommen worden, revidiert werden muss. Auf diese Weise leistet die Autorin einen innovativen Beitrag zur Kultur- und Geschlechtergeschichte am Übergang von der Frühen Neuzeit ins 19. Jahrhundert.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Wahrheit – Geschwindigkeit – Pluralität (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Neue Techniken zur Informationsübermittlung befördern den Informationsaustausch. Das ist eine für das 20. und 21. Jahrhundert ganz selbstverständliche Feststellung. Genauso selbstverständlich gilt sie aber auch für das 16. Jahrhundert und die Frühe Neuzeit insgesamt. Ein allseits bekanntes Beispiel dafür ist die Verbesserung der Techniken des Buchdrucks durch die Verwendung beweglicher Lettern. Dies führte dazu, dass neue Medien entstanden und sich dauerhaft etablierten, wie z.B. die Flugschrift und die „Neue Zeitung“. Andere bereits bekannte Genera wie Lieder und Predigten erhielten durch die veränderte Kommunikationssituation eine neue Bedeutung in den Auseinandersetzungen der Zeit. Daraus ergaben sich vielfältige Chancen und Heraus­forderungen, denn die Nutzung dieser neuen Medien wie die Transformation bestehender Medienformate und deren flächendeckende Verwendung setzte politische, soziale, juristische und religiöse Veränderungsprozesse in Gang bzw. beförderte sie.Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes möchten diese neuen Kommunikationsformen und -methoden ebenso wie die Veränderungsprozesse für das 16. Jahrhundert ausleuchten. Dies geschieht, indem Wandlungs- und Transformationsprozesse durch die Nutzung bekannter sowie die Schaffung neuer Medienformate, der Umgang mit Meinungsvielfalt und der damit einhergehenden Pluralität an Deutungen des Zeitgeschehens sowie die Entstehung einer neuen Streitkultur und neue Ordnungsversuche analysiert werden.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Selbstorganisation im Sozialismus (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Diese Arbeit stellt die nationalen Rotkreuzgesellschaften Polens und der Tschechoslowakei als Beispiele für Selbstorganisation im sozialistischen Staat vor. Als Teil der internationalen Rotkreuzbewegung unterschieden sich das Polnische Rote Kreuz (Polski Czerwony Krzyż, PCK) und das Tschechoslowakische Rote Kreuz (Československý Ċervený kříž, ČSČK) von anderen verstaatlichten Massenorganisationen. Sie verknüpften sozialistische Ideologie und humanitäre Prinzipien zu einem »socialist humanitarianism«. Maren Hachmeister untersucht die Arbeit des polnischen und des tschechoslowakischen Roten Kreuzes zwischen 1945 und 1989 insbesondere für die Themen- und Tätigkeitsfelder Suchdienste, Blutspende, Jugend und Eliten. Der historische Vergleich zeigt dabei auf, wann, wo und wie zivilgesellschaftliche Selbstorganisationen für beide Organisationen unter den Vorzeichen des Staatssozialismus möglich war.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; Poland ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Chapter Acknowledgements (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Frieden übersetzen in der Vormoderne (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Übersetzungen sind das Bindemittel zwischenmenschlicher Kommunikation. Durch sie wird Wissen vermittelt und politische, kulturelle Prozesse sogar komplexer moderner Gesellschaften geregelt. Dieser Band stellt die vielfältigen Übersetzungsleistungen im frühneuzeitlichen Umgang mit Frieden vor. Friedensverträge wurden übersetzt, ediert und gedeutet, die Ansprüche der Vertragspartner moderiert. Gerade in »zwischenstaatlichen« Friedensprozessen mussten differente politische und rechtliche Positionen in unterschiedlichen Sprachen präsentiert werden. Systematisch untersucht der Sammelband das Ringen um die Sprache, die kommunikativen Hintergründe vormoderner Friedensprozesse sowie den wissenschaftlichen, literarischen und medialen Umgang mit Frieden und frühneuzeitlichen Friedensverträgen.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Common Man, Society and Religion in the 16th century/Gemeiner Mann, Gesellschaft und Religion im 16. Jahrhundert (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Der zweisprachige Sammelband vereinigt zum Teil bahnbrechende Ergebnisse einer interdisziplinären Forschungstagung, deren Beiträge sozial-, wirtschafts-, kultur- und kirchengeschichtliche Aspekte der Frühneuzeit im Karpatenbogen aufgreifen. Basierend auf vielfach erstmals ausgewerteten Quellen bearbeiten die Beiträge aktuelle Fragestellungen und Forschungshorizonte zur Interdependenz von sozialen, ökonomischen, kulturellen und religiösen Phänomenen im Karpatenbogen der Frühen Neuzeit, in dem die Osmanen der international dominante politische Faktor wurden. Transformationsprozesse wurden angestoßen durch Bevölkerungs- und Militärbewegungen, ökonomische, politische und religiös-mentale Umwälzungen, die zwischen opportunistischer Anpassung und rebellierendem Widerstand oszillierten und entsprechende politische Maßnahmen und Gegenreaktionen hervorriefen. Dabei wird die bislang geltende Forschungsmeinung zur Toleranzgeschichte Siebenbürgens in Frage gestellt und völlig neu bewertet.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Governing Cemeteries (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book compares state responses to Muslim and humanist burial needs in three European countries. Such accommodation is typically understood in terms of national models. Van den Breemer, however, shows that policy responses in fact follow distinctive types of logic between the various levels of governance, and that material solutions matter as well. While indeed large legal and discursive national differences between states remain, in praxis they do the same. In a departure from this major finding, the book outlines a methodologically more coherent research agenda for the comparative study of religion, secularism, society, and state.
    Keywords: cemeteries ; state church history ; secularism ; discursive institutionalism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Russlands Bodenkunde in der Welt (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Im Sommer 1914 schickte der russische Agrarwissenschaftler und Bodenkundler Konstantin Glinka ein Manuskript nach Berlin. Es enthielt die erste an eine ausländische Leserschaft gerichtete Darstellung der russischen Bodenkunde, einer frühökologischen Lehre vom Boden, die auf der Erforschung der Schwarzerde fußte. Dies war der Beginn einer Erfolgsgeschichte: Die russische Bodenkunde reüssierte in der Zwischenkriegszeit in Europa und den USA. Nach 1945 wurde sie zu einem Klassiker der modernen Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaften.Jan Arend erzählt die Geschichte eines Wissenstransfers von Ost nach West. Er folgt Wissenschaftlern, Manuskripten und Begriffen – von den Schwarzerde-Provinzen des Russischen Reichs über die Podien internationaler Konferenzen bis in die Kabinette von amerikanischen Agrarplanern und Bodenschätzern in NS-Deutschland. Das Buch führt dabei in anschaulicher Weise vor Augen, wie sich Wissen in Form und Inhalt transformiert, wenn es übersetzt, vermittelt und in neue politis
    Keywords: History ; Osteuropäische Geschichte ; 19./20. Jahrhundert ; Transnationale Geschichte ; Russland ; Ehemalige Sowjetunion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    »In the Cause of Humanity« (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Die Frage, ob, wann und wie die internationale Gemeinschaft auf Verletzungen humanitärer Normen und damit verbundene humanitäre Krisen reagieren soll, gehört zweifellos zu den vieldiskutierten Themen auf der Agenda der heutigen internationalen Politik. Allerdings tauchte diese Problematik nicht erst am Ende des 20. und zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts plötzlich aus dem Nichts auf, sondern bereits im Verlauf des »langen 19. Jahrhunderts« setzte man sich kontrovers mit dieser Problematik auseinander. Anhand ausgewählter Fallbeispiele wie dem Kampf gegen den Sklavenhandel (1807–1890), den Militärinterventionen der europäischen Großmächte zur humanitären Nothilfe für christliche Minderheiten im Osmanischen Reich (1827–1878) oder dem Eingreifen der Vereinigten Staaten in den kubanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1898) untersucht Fabian Klose die militärische Praktik und die völkerrechtlichen Debatten zum Schutz humanitärer Normen gewaltsam einzugreifen.
    Keywords: History ; Globalgeschichte ; Menschenrechte ; Transnationale Geschichte ; 18. Jahrhundert ; 19. Jahrhundert ; Politikwissenschaft ; Menschenrechte ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Herrschaftskontrolle durch Öffentlichkeit (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Das Mediensystem der politischen Publizistik im frühmodernen Deutschland war keineswegs eine obrigkeitliche Stiftung, sondern entwickelte sich in wechselseitiger Beziehung zu politischen Entwicklungsprozessen zu zunehmender Selbständigkeit. Dabei profitierte es davon, stets auf eigene, am Markt gewonnene Finanzmittel zurückgreifen zu können und von staatlichen Transferleistungen weitgehend unabhängig zu sein. Verleger und Redakteure nahmen das »Agenda-Setting« nach eigenen Kriterien vor, eher vom Nachrichtenwert als von staatlichen Sprachregelungen geleitet. Die Leserschaft bestand zunächst aus der höfischen Machtelite und den werdenden und arrivierten Gelehrten, reichte jedoch schon im 17. Jahrhundert darüber hinaus, wobei die Rezeption durch die Ungelehrten das gesamte 18. Jahrhundert hindurch anwuchs.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Designing One Nation (2021)
    Oxford University Press | Oxford University Press USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: "This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations, thanks to a generous grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, as part of The Sustainable History Monograph Pilot.The histories of East and West Germany traditionally emphasize the Cold War rivalries between the communist and capitalist nations. Yet, even as the countries diverged in their political directions, they had to create new ways of working together economically. In Designing One Nation, Katrin Schreiter examines the material culture of increasing economic contacts in divided Germany from the 1940s until the 1990s. Trade events, such as fairs and product shows, became one of the few venues for sustained links and knowledge between the two countries after the building of the Berlin Wall. Schreiter uses industrial design, epitomized by the furniture industry, to show how a network of politicians, entrepreneurs, and cultural brokers attempted to nationally re-inscribe their production cultures, define a postwar German identity, and regain economic stability and political influence in postwar Europe. What started as a competition for ideological superiority between East and West Germany quickly turned into a shared, politically legitimizing quest for an untainted post-fascist modernity. This work follows products from the drawing board into the homes of ordinary Germans to offer insights into how converging visions of German industrial modernity created shared expectations about economic progress and living standards. Schreiter reveals how intra-German and European trade policies drove the creation of products and generated a certain convergence of East and West German taste by the 1980s. Drawing on a wide range of sources from governments, furniture firms, industrial design councils, home lifestyle magazines, and design exhibitions, Designing One Nation argues that an economic culture linked the two Germanies even before reunification in 1990."
    Keywords: general & world history ; urban economics ; political science & theory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVS Regional / urban economics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms::AFT Decorative arts ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    Ringen um Versöhnung II (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird im politisch-gesellschaftlichen Kontext der eigentlich religiös konnotierte Begriff „Versöhnung“ immer häufiger zur Beschreibung von Konfliktlösungsstrategien benutzt. Doch was bedeutet Versöhnung bezogen auf Politik und Gesellschaft? Welche Faktoren sind relevant für Versöhnungsprozesse? Womit lassen sich Erfolge, aber auch Hindernisse und Rückschläge auf dem Weg der Versöhnung erklären? In dem vorliegenden Band gehen internationale Forscherinnen und Forscher aus Geschichtswissenschaft, Politikwissenschaft, Soziologie und Theologie diesen Fragen nach. In ihren Beiträgen wird Versöhnung auf zwei Ebenen reflektiert. Auf der ersten Ebene handelt es sich um übergreifende Analysen von Faktoren, die Versöhnungsprozesse beeinflussen. Auf der zweiten Ebene werden bestimmte Aspekte von Versöhnungsprozessen an einschlägigen Fallbeispielen aus dem Kontext des deutsch-französischen und russisch-finnischen Verhältnisses, des ehemaligen Jugoslawiens, Süd- und Nordkorea, der DDR und Südafrika veranschaulicht.Alle Beiträge machen deutlich, dass, obwohl unterschiedlichen Versöhnungsprozessen bestimmte Elemente gemeinsam sind, Versöhnung als ein sich dynamisch wandelnder, immer kontextgebundener Aushandlungsprozess erscheint, der multilateral von Akteuren aus Kirchen, Politik und Gesellschaft getragen wird.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Networks of Modernity (2021)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book offers a fresh perspective on the history of Germany by investigating the origins and impact of the ‘communications revolution’ that transformed state and society during the nineteenth century. It focuses upon the period 1830–80, exploring the interactions between the many different actors who developed, administered, and used one of the most important technologies of the period—the electric telegraph. Drawing upon evidence from Prussia, Bavaria, Bremen, and a number of towns across Central Europe, it reveals the channels through which knowledge circulated across the region, stimulating both collaboration and confrontation between the scientists, technicians, businessmen, and bureaucrats involved in bringing the telegraph to life. It highlights the technology’s impact upon the conduct of trade, finance, news distribution, and government in the tumultuous decades that witnessed the 1848 revolutions, the wars of unification, and the establishment of the Kaiserreich in 1871. Following the telegraph lines themselves, it weaves together the changes which took place at a local, regional, national, and eventually global level, revisiting the technology’s impact upon concepts of space and time, and highlighting the importance of this period in laying the foundations for Germany’s experience of a profoundly ambiguous, networked modernity.
    Keywords: Germany, nineteenth century, networks, technology, telegraph, modernity, modernization, globalization, nation-building ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter 8 The Forgotten Zone: Public Health Work in the French Occupation Zone (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
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    Politics of Security: British and West German Protest Movements and the Early Cold War 1945-1970 (2021)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The Politics of Security tells the story of how people experienced the cold war as a war. It is about the impact of the cold war on political cultures. This crucial issue is often forgotten in historical memory. In particular, the book follows British and West German anti-nuclear-weapons activists in their attempts to campaign for and create security after the destruction of the Second World War, and how their own version of security clashed with concepts advanced by their own governments. But the book also demonstrates how, as part of the protests against nuclear weapons, activists and their societies learned to live with the Bomb: it recounts how activists first discovered the dangers of nuclear weapons, but how a different generation of activists came to focus on other issues as the Vietnam War became their primary concern. And it makes comprehensible how activists in two societies who had fought each other fiercely in the battle of dictatorships and democracies of the Second World War could now come to see each other as part of a common campaign. Fundamentally, with its transnational approach, the book highlights how these two societies drew on very similar arguments when they came to understand the cold war through the prism of the previous world war. The book is the first to capture in a transnational fashion what activists did on the marches and what it meant to them and to others. The book thus reminds us that threats are not merely out there, but that they need to be created in a political process that involves struggles for power and contestation.
    Keywords: nuclear age ; activism ; transnational history ; cold war ; social movements ; peace movements ; politics of security ; Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament ; Creative Commons ; Creative Commons license ; Easter ; West Germany ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DD Western Europe::1DDU United Kingdom, Great Britain ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DF Central Europe::1DFG Germany ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTW Cold wars and proxy conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement
    Language: English
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    Bibliotheken in der NS-Zeit (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The fate of cultural property extracted during the Nazi era has increasingly been the subject of provenance research since the 1990s. This volume combines the latest findings of provenance research in libraries and provides contributions to the history of the library during the Nazi era. Provenance research is almost only reported in the media when it concerns valuable works of art. For books, it is relatively difficult: it is mostly about mass-produced goods without great material value and the books have often reached their locations after hard-to-find odysseys. Nevertheless, more and more libraries deal with their Nazi past. Library historian Jürgen Babendreier puts it in a nutshell: "In the robbed books, history comes to life, invisible remembrance continues, historical responsibility becomes present."
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; Germany ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Becoming Muslim in Imperial Russia (2021)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Winner of the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies' Reginald Zelnik Book Prize in History. Through close study of Russian, Eurasian, and Central Asian ethnographic, administrative, literary, and missionary sources, this book shows how traditional Islamic education among the people of Tsarist Russia's Middle Volga region (today's Tatarstan) helped to Islamize the area's Turkic peoples, setting the stage for the development of modernist Islam in Russia. "Agnes Nilufer Kefeli's thorough and imaginative use of sources is notable. She makes use of Russian official sources from the State Archives of Tatarstan and elsewhere, but she also consults a broad range of nonarchival Islamic sources, including Tatar-language Arabic-script popular literature. This makes the book highly original and important to both Russian history and Islamic studies."—Allen Frank
    Keywords: History ; islam ; russia ; islamic education ; tsarist russia's middle volga region ; Apostasy ; Hadith ; Kazan ; Muhammad ; Muslims ; Sufism ; Tatars ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    Chapter 2 A Hard Peace? Allied Preparations for the Occupation of Germany, 1943-1945 (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Chapter Compromises and Confrontations, 1945-1949 (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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    Jüdische Fürsprache (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die historische Forschung zur frühneuzeitlichen jüdischen Fürsprache, die für die Existenz aschkenasischer Gemeinden von herausragender Bedeutung war, beruht bislang häufig auf christlichen Quellen. Die Gemeindeprotokollbücher (hebr. pinkasim) blieben dagegen weitgehend unberücksichtigt. Dabei dokumentieren viele von ihnen ausführlich die diplomatischen Kontakte der Gemeindevorsteher oder der von ihnen ernannten Fürsprecher zu obrigkeitlichen Behörden und Herrschern auf lokaler wie landesweiter Ebene. Die hier erstmals edierten 107 Einträge aus pinkasim von Gemeinden in den Niederlanden, Deutschland, Österreich, Tschechien, Polen und Russland bieten einen repräsentativen Überblick über das Agieren frühneuzeitlicher aschkenasischer Fürsprecher sowie über ihre Handlungsspielräume innerhalb des restriktiven Rechtsrahmens. Die Dokumente werden in ihrer meist hebräischen oder jiddischen Originalsprache mit kommentierten deutschen Übersetzungen sowie ausführlichen Einleitungen präsentiert.
    Keywords: History ; Jewish ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: German
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    Chapter 6 Public Health Work in the American Occupation Zone (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
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    Christianity and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Europe (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This collection explores how Christian individuals and institutions combined the topics of faith and national identity in twentieth-century Europe. “National identity” is understood in a broad sense that includes discourses of citizenship, narratives of cultural or linguistic belonging, or “national” characteristics. It considers various geographical contexts, and takes into account processes of cross-national exchange and transfer. It shows how national and denominational identities were often mutually constitutive, at times leading to a strongly exclusionary stance against “other” national or religious groups. In different circumstances, religiously minded thinkers critiqued nationalism, emphasising the universalist strains of their faith, with varying degrees of success. Throughout the century church officials and lay Christians have had to come to terms with the relationship between their national and “European” identities within the processes of Europeanisation.
    Keywords: History ; Christianity ; history of religion ; nationalism ; 20th-century ; Europe ; Catholic Church ; Martin Niemöller ; Protestantism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Princeps et episcopus (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Die nordwestdeutschen Fürstbischöfe (Köln, Münster, Osnabrück, Paderborn und Hildesheim) bewegten sich in einem komplexen Bedingungsgefüge zwischen landesherrlicher Stellung, reichsfürstlicher Position, geistlichem Amt und der Familie. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass viele der Bischöfe ihr geistliches Amt durchaus ernst nahmen und persönlich weihten, firmten oder ihr Bistum visitierten. Deutlich wird aber auch, wo die Grenzen der persönlichen Ausübung des bischöflichen Amtes lagen und welche Konstellationen die persönliche Amtsausübung begünstigten und welche sie eher behinderten. Damit wird die bisherige Annahme, die geistlichen Fürsten überließen ihre geistlichen Aufgaben vollständig ihren Weihbischöfen und konzentrierten sich allein auf ihre fürstliche Stellung, überwunden. Bettina Braun untersucht erstmals systematisch und vergleichend zentrale Bereiche des fürstbischöflichen Handelns, ohne deren Kenntnis man den Fürstbischöfen in der Endphase des Alten Reichs nicht gerecht werden kann.
    Keywords: History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: German
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    Blood Ties (2021)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The region that is today the Republic of Macedonia was long the heart of the Ottoman Empire in Europe. It was home to a complex mix of peoples and faiths who had for hundreds of years lived together in relative peace. To be sure, these people were no strangers to coercive violence and various forms of depredations visited upon them by bandits and state agents. In the final decades of the nineteenth century and throughout the twentieth century, however, the region was periodically racked by bitter conflict that was qualitatively different from previous outbreaks of violence. In Blood Ties, İpek K. Yosmaoğlu explains the origins of this shift from sporadic to systemic and pervasive violence through a social history of the “Macedonian Question.”
    Keywords: History ; Bulgarian Exarchate ; Bulgarians ; Greeks ; North Macedonia ; Ottoman Empire ; Thessaloniki ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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    Sport under Unexpected Circumstances (2021)
    Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Sport was an integral part of life in camps during the twentieth century, even in Nazi concentrations camps or in the Soviet Gulag. Traditionally perceived as a symbol of equality, play, and peacefulness, sport under such unexpected circumstances irritates most observers, back then and today. This volume studies the irritating fact of sport in penal and internment camps as an important insight into the history of camps. The authors enquire into case studies of sport being played in different forms of camps around the globe and throughout the twentieth century. They challenge our understanding of camps, question the dichotomy of insiders and outsiders, inner-camp hierarchies, and the everyday experience of violence. This fresh perspective complements the existing camp studies and gives way for the subjectivity of camp inmates and their action.
    Keywords: History ; National Socialism ; Sports ; Concentration Camps ; Humanities ; History ; Sports and Outdoor Recreation ; HIS043000 ; HIS022000 ; Holocaust ; Jewish ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTZ Genocide and ethnic cleansing::NHTZ1 The Holocaust ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949
    Language: English
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    Chapter 7 Public Health Work in the Soviet Occupation Zone (2021)
    Oxford University Press | The Perils of Peace
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: When the war was over in 1945, Germany was a country with no government, little functioning infrastructure, millions of refugees and homeless people, and huge foreign armies living largely off the land. Large parts of the country were covered in rubble, with no clean drinking water, electricity, or gas. Hospitals overflowed with patients, but were short of beds, medicines, and medical personnel. In these conditions, the potential for epidemics and public health disasters was severe. This is a study of how the four occupiers—Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States—attempted to keep their own troops and the ex-enemy population alive. While the war was still being fought, German public health was a secondary consideration for them, an unaffordable and undeserved luxury. But once fighting ceased and the occupation began, it rapidly turned into a urgent priority. Public health was now recognized as an indispensable component of creating order, keeping the population governable, and facilitating the reconstruction of German society. But they faced a number of insoluble problems in the process: Which Germans could be trusted to work with the occupiers, and how were they to be identified? Who could be tolerated because of a lack of alternatives? How, if at all, could former Nazis be reformed and reintegrated into German society? What was the purpose of the occupation anyway? This is the first carefully researched comparison of the four occupation zones which looks at the occupation through the prism of public health, an essential service fundamentally shaped by political and economic criteria, and which in turn was to determine the success or failure of the occupation.
    Keywords: post-war germany ; public health ; world war ii ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine
    Language: English
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