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  • Articles  (181)
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  • Articles  (181)
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  • Springer  (181)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the flow history on stress growth and structure changes in the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer Vectra B950 (1997)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 36 (1997), S. 82-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Vectra B950 ; thermotropic LCP ; rheology ; structure ; orientation ; transients ; dynamic moduli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure changes in the start-up flow of the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer Vectra 8950 are probed by performing transient experiments after various flow histories. The shear and normal stress growth curves of a squeezed sample and of a randomly oriented sample show a pronounced overshoot at low strains, whereas the stress growth curve of a sample pre-sheared until steady state shows a gradual increase. This first peak is associated with the re-orientation of the director into the shearing plane. All stress transients show a second broad maximum at large strains that results from the generation of a steady defect network. The effect of varying the relaxation period after pre-shearing is reflected in the appearance of two peaks in the subsequent stress growth curves. One of these peaks shifts linearly with re laxation period and the other is more or less fixed in position. The orientation of the molecules during steady shear flow is on average in the flow direction. Intermediate orientation levels may exist in the transient depending on the amount of strain. The material is able to maintain the flow-induced orientation distribution for a long time after cessation of flow. This is reflected in a similar fashion in the initial magnitudes of the stresses and the dynamic moduli after various preshear strains. Moreover, the dynamic moduli decrease with time after cessation of steady shear flow, indicating that the orientation increases during relaxation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366726
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of structural parameters on the properties of electrolytic Ni–Mn–S deposits (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: codeposition Ni ; Mn ; S ; X-ray analysis ; structure ; texture ; properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Microstructural parameters such as coherent domain size, microstrain, dislocation density and texture of electrolytically plated Ni–Mn–S layers were investigated by X-ray analysis. Structural parameters, layer composition and the macroproperties are discussed and explained. With the help of a statistical regression analysis the correlation coefficient r2 and its relationship with the investigated parameters is determined. It is shown that the microstructural parameters play an important role in determining the macroscopic properties. The manganese concentration is shown to influence the structural parameters, but no influence of sulphur is found. It seems that a relationship of the structural parameters with the macroscopic properties is valid in general and is not a special case. There structural correlations can be used in general for processing electrolytic deposits for required applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003486714232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray structure of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxathiazol-2-one (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Oxathiazolone ; structure ; nitrile sulfide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The X-ray crystal structure of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxathiazol-2-one has been determined. Colorless, regular plate shaped crystals of C8H5O2NS crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n (#14) with cell dimensionsa=11·161(8),b=7·1470(20),c=19·864(15) Å and β=99·77(4)°;V=1561·5(17) Å3 andZ=8.1725 unique reflections withl net〉2.5σ(l) on refinement afforded values ofR=0.054 andR w=0.049.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666190
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray structure of tricyclohexylmethyl chloride (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 539-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Tricyclohexylmethyl chloride ; structure ; tricylohexylmethyl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The X-ray crystallographic structure of tricyclohexylmethyl chloride, a precursor of the tricyclohexylmethyl radical, has been determined. Colourless tablets of C19H33Cl crystallized from hexane/chloroform in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, with cell dimensions a=10.725(3),b=15.670(3),c=10.168(3) Å;V=1708.8(1.3) Å3;Z=4. 1586 reflections withI〉3 σ(I), and 302 with zero intensity, on refinement gaveR=0.046,R w=0.076. The three cyclohexyl rings are arranged to give the molecule a plane of symmetry containing the central C−H axis. The large volume per nonhydrogen atom, of about 21.3 Å3, is close to values found in the crystal structures of analogous tricyclohexyl compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01668412
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of a Schiff base intermediate: a nickel(II) complex of an asymmetric tripodal ligand (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Tripodal ligand ; Ni(II) complex ; quinoline ; carbinoxyamine ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of Ni(ClO4)2 · 6H2O with the condensing product of 2-formylpyridine N-oxide and 1,5-diamino-3-(8-methylquinolyl)azapentane (dmqa) has resulted in the formation of an asymmetric tripodal nickel(II) complex, [C28H32N6O3Ni](ClO4)2 · H2O, which has been crystallographically characterized. Crystal data: triclinic, space group p ī, a = 10.384(2), b = 10.911(3), c = 16.6101(11) Å, α = 95.62(2), β = 105.04(2), γ = 112.954(11)°, D c = 1.581 g/cm3, Z = 2 and V = 1631.0(6) Å3. A quinoline moiety is first introduced into an arm in the complex of a tripodal ligand in which an ethylcarbinoxyamine group, the intermediate of Schiff bases, exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009578329008
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure and conformational analysis of N-formyl and N-nitroso derivatives of piperidinone (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 769-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: structure ; conformation ; equatorial ; axial orientations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single crystal X-ray studies for N-formyl-2,6-diortho chlorophenyl-3,5-dimethyl piperidin-4-one (FOCDMPO) and N-nitroso-2,6-di(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl piperidin-4-one (NTMPO) are reported. Crystals of FOCDMPO and NTMPO belong to the monoclinic space groups P21/n and C2/c, respectively. FOCDMPO: a = 9.147(2), b = 14.586(3), c = 13.665(5) Å and β = 101.68(2)° NTMPO: a = 38.52(2), b = 13.727(5), c = 9.564(3) Å and β = 98.60(1)°. In both the structures, the piperidine ring adopts a boat conformation with slight distortion. In FOCDMPO, one of the phenyl and methyl groups are in axial positions while the other phenyl and methyl groups are in equatorial orientations. In NTMPO, the situation is reversed. The molecules are stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H ··· O interactions in addition to van der Waals forces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009587518299
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure refinement of nitroguanidine (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 29 (1999), S. 671-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: nitroguanidine ; energetic molecule ; structure ; oxidizer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of nitroguanidine was refined using X-ray single-crystal diffraction methods. Previous structure determinations achieved with single crystal photographic or neutron powder techniques yielded values for the C—N ‘formal’ double bond-length that either equaled or exceeded the ‘formal’ C—N single-bond lengths. Bond lengths were more precisely and accurately determined here than in the previous studies, but the ‘formal’ double-bond length still exceeds the ‘formal’ single bond lengths. Comparisons of crystal bond lengths with ab initio derived bond lengths of an isolated nitroguanidine molecule and hydrogen-bonded clusters of nitroguanidine molecules suggest that observed bond-length abnormalities are caused by intermolecular forces in the crystal. The crystal is orthorhombic, with a = 17.6390(5), b = 24.8730(7), c = 3.5903(1) Å, V = 1575.19 Å3, Z = 16, and D calc = 1.736 g cm−3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009519703355
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(ethyl-n-butylsilylene): Structural, thermal, and flow properties of a liquid crystalline polysilane (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 4 (1994), S. 45-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Poly(ethyl-n-butylsilylene) ; structure ; thermal properties ; flow ; molecular weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Poly(ethyl-n-butylsilylene) (PEBS) was synthesized by sodium coupling of ethyl-n-butyldichorosilane and separated into fractions with differing molecular weights,M w=1.4×106 and 2.0×104. Both fractions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and by X-ray diffraction, UV spectroscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, and capillary rheometry, all as a function of temperature. Both samples adopt a hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline structure at room temperature and below. They undergo a weak endothermic transition at −20°C and a first-order phase transition to a nematic liquid crystalline form at 90°C for the low and 170°C for the highM w fraction. Melting to an isotropic liquid takes place at 106°C for the low and 185°C for the highM w polymer. Both samples undergo two successive thermochromic transitions in the UV, one near the first-order exothermic transition and one near the −20°C transition; the reasons underlying these thermochromic transitions are discussed. Flow properties of PEBS were investigated as a function of molecular weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684027
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural aspects of water in 1-octanol (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 19 (1990), S. 507-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: 1-Octanol ; aqueous mixtures ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Water-saturated 1-octanol, extensively used for studies of the distribution of organic solutes, is subjected to structural analysis in terms of the neighbors each molecule has. This is based on thermodynamic information on the system from the literature. The local composition of a given water molecule is richer in water than the bulk composition, and, conversely, for the local composition near a 1-octanol molecule. At saturation (mole fraction of water of 0.275 in the organic phase) the excess (deficiency) of the mole fraction of water is 0.197 (−0.075) near water (1-octanol) molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650383
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and thermal stability of zinc–nickel electrodeposits (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1045-1051 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; structure ; thermal stability ; zinc–nickel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract ZnNi alloys were electrodeposited from a chloride bath on steel substrates. The effect of nickel bath concentration on chemical composition, structure and microstructure of the deposits is demonstrated. From 0 to 13 nickel, the phases obtained do not correspond to that reported on the thermodynamic phase diagram. It is shown that the substitution of zinc by nickel is responsible for the formation of distorted ηd and γd phases corresponding to the supersaturated hexagonal η phase of zinc and to the unsaturated cubic γ phase of Zn–Ni alloy, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that the thermal instability of the alloys containing up to 13 wt of nickel, results from the crystallization of the δ phase from the ηd and γd phases at around 200 °C and 250 °C, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003574625112
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