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  • Artikel  (548)
  • 04.04. Geology
  • Ecology
  • crystal structure
  • 2020-2024  (159)
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  • 1
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    First assessment of the local seismic amplification susceptibility of the Isernia Province (Molise Region, Southern Italy) by the integration of geological and geomorphological studies related to the first level seismic microzonation project (2018)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-19
    Beschreibung: This paper presents the results of the geological and geomorphological investigation carried out during the first level seismic microzonation project in the Isernia Province territory. The study area falls in one of the most seismically active areas of the Apennine chain and it has been struck, in historical times, by destructive earthquakes that caused several causalities and diffuse damages to the buildings. The analysis points out the occurrence of geological features that can determine possible site amplification phenomena related to areas with extensive outcrops of thick continental deposits or to unstable areas (both covering about 48% of the investigated areas). The latter are sometimes combined with geomorphological features such as scarps, isolated peaks, and ridges that are also responsible for possible site amplification. In addition, a susceptibility to local seismic amplification index has been introduced which highlights that more than 64% of the investigated area, along with a significant percentage of buildings, fall within the highest categories of susceptibility to local seismic amplification.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 118
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): seismic microzonation ; Susceptibility to local seismic amplification ; GIS analysis ; Site effects ; Southern Italy ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Landslides, volcanism and volcano-tectonics: the fragility of the Neapolitan territory. Cities on Volcanoes 10 Meeting – Napoli 2018 (2019)
    Servizio Geologico d’Italia - ISPRA e della Società Geologica Italiana
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-03
    Beschreibung: Small landslides to large debris flows and debris avalanches affected the Neapolitan territory surrounding the active volcanoes of the area: Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia. Their variable intensity explosive eruptions produced significant quantities of loose pyroclastic material on the slopes of the volcanoes and of the surrounding reliefs. Remobilization processes of this material occurred during and soon after large explosive eruptions, although their intensity and frequency decreased during inter-eruptive periods. The intensity of these processes varies with the different eruptions and is strongly dependent on availability of fine ash in proximal and distal areas. The areas involved varies from hundreds to millions square meters. The syn-eruptive debris flows of the Vesuvius 472 AD eruption are described in detail. Huge ground uplift of the central part of the Ischia resurgent caldera generated debris/rock avalanches, which likely caused tsunamis. Archaeological sites affected by syn-eruptive debris flows have been selected to show the effects of their deposition. Hydraulic risk and risk mitigation actions, emergency management and preparedness measures will be discussed in one of the areas mostly affected by recent debris flows. At Ischia the characteristics of debris/rock avalanches and lahars related to the resurgence and to the reactivation of volcanism will be discussed.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-53
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): volcanism ; landslides ; debris flows ; debris avalanches ; hydraulic risk ; risk mitigation ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Mediterranean winter rainfall in phase with African monsoons during the past 1.36 million years (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-25
    Beschreibung: Mediterranean climates are characterized by strong seasonal contrasts between dry summers and wet winters. Changes in winter rainfall are critical for regional socioeconomic development, but are difficult to simulate accurately1 and reconstruct on Quaternary timescales. This is partly because regional hydroclimate records that cover multiple glacial-interglacial cycles2,3 with different orbital geometries, global ice volume and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are scarce. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of change and their persistence remain unexplored. Here we show that, over the past 1.36 million years, wet winters in the northcentral Mediterranean tend to occur with high contrasts in local, seasonal insolation and a vigorous African summer monsoon. Our proxy time series from Lake Ohrid on the Balkan Peninsula, together with a 784,000-year transient climate model hindcast, suggest that increased sea surface temperatures amplify local cyclone development and refuel North Atlantic low-pressure systems that enter the Mediterranean during phases of low continental ice volume and high concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. A comparison with modern reanalysis data shows that current drivers of the amount of rainfall in the Mediterranean share some similarities to those that drive the reconstructed increases in precipitation. Our data cover multiple insolation maxima and are therefore an important benchmark for testing climate model performance.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 256–260
    Beschreibung: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): paleoclimate Mediterranean Pleistocene ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    Assessment of thermal evolution of Paleozoic successions of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) (2017)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-18
    Beschreibung: Poland is considered the most prospective country for shale gas production in Europe. Hydrocarbon generation/expulsion scenarios, drawn in the latest intensive exploration phases, tend to overestimate maturation levels when compared with brand new data acquired after recent drillings. We tested an integrated workflow to correlate published and original thermal maturity datasets for the Paleozoic to Jurassic successions cropping out in the Holy Cross Mountains. These successions, when preserved in subsurface, host the major source rocks in the area. The application of the workflow allowed us to highlight the burial and thermal evolutionary scenarios of the two tectono-stratigraphic blocks of the Holy Cross Mountains (Łysog ory and Kielce blocks) and to propose this approach as a tool for reducing levels of uncertainty in thermal maturity assessment of Paleozoic successions worldwide. In particular, published datasets including colour alteration indexes of Paleozoic microfossils (conodont, acritarchs) and vitrinite and graptolite reflectance data, show differences in levels of thermal maturity for the Łysog ory (mid mature to overmature) and Kielce (immature to late mature) blocks. Original data, derived from optical analysis, pyrolysis, and Raman spectroscopy on kerogen, and X-Ray diffraction on finegrained sediments, mostly confirm and integrate published data distribution. 1D thermal models, constrained by these data, show burial and exhumation events of different magnitude, during the Late Cretaceous, for the Łysog ory (maximum burial depths of 9 km) and Kielce (burial depths of 6 km) blocks that have been related to the Holy Cross Fault polyphase activity. In the end, Palynomorph Darkness Index and Raman spectroscopy on kerogen, for Llandoverian and Cambrian rocks, turned out to be promising tools for assessing thermal maturity of Paleozoic organic facies devoid of vitrinite macerals.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 112-132
    Beschreibung: 1TR. Studi per le Georisorse
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Paleozoic source rocks ; Thermal maturity ; Vitrinite and organoclast reflectance ; Clay mineralogy ; Raman spectroscopy ; Palynomorph darkness index ; Holy Cross Mountains ; 04.04. Geology ; Basin analysis ; Thermal evolution
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Integrated multi-stratigraphic study of the Coll de Terrers late Permian–Early Triassic continental succession from the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Iberian Peninsula): A geologic reference record for equatorial Pangaea (2018)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: The most severe biotic crisis on Earth history occurred during the Permian–Triassic (PT) transition around 252 Ma. Whereas in the marine realm such extinction event is well-constrained, in terrestrial settings it is still poorly known, mainly due to the lack of suitable complete sections. This is utterly the case along the Western Tethys region, located at Pangaea's equator, where terrestrial successions are typically build-up of red beds often characterised by a significant erosive gap at the base of the Triassic strata. Henceforth, documenting potentially complete terrestrial successions along the PT transition becomes fundamental. Here, we document the exceptional Coll de Terrers area from the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Iberian Peninsula), for which a multidisciplinary research is conducted along the PT transition. The red-bed succession, located in a long E-W extended narrow rift system known as Pyrenean Basin, resulted from a continuous sedimentary deposition evolving from meandering (lower Upper Red Unit) to playa-lake/ephemeral lacustrine (upper Upper Red Unit) and again to meandering settings (Buntsandstein facies). Sedimentary continuity is suggested by preliminary cyclostratigraphic analysis that warrants further analysis. Our combined sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical data infer a humid-semiarid-humid climatic trend across the studied succession. The uppermost Permian strata, deposited under an orbitally controlled monsoonal regime, yields a relatively diverse ichnoassemblage mainly composed of tetrapod footprints and arthropod trace fossils. Such fossils indicate appropriate life conditions and water presence in levels that also display desiccation structures. These levels alternate with barren intervals formed under dry conditions, being thus indicative of strong seasonality. All these features are correlated with those reported elsewhere in Gondwana and Laurasia, and suggest that the Permian–Triassic boundary might be recorded somewhere around the Buntsandstein base. Consequently, Coll de Terrers and the whole Catalan Pyrenees become key regions to investigate in detail the Permian extinction event and the Triassic ecosystems recovery.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 46–60
    Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.04. Geology ; 04.05. Geomagnetism
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Tidal notches, coastal landforms and relative sea-level changes during the Late Quaternary at Ustica Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) (2017)
    Elsevier B.V
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-07
    Beschreibung: In this paper we present and discuss data concerning the morphostructural evolution at Ustica Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) during Late Quaternary. New insights on the relative sea-level changes of Ustica are coming from data collected during a geomorphological field survey around the island, together with the bathymetric analysis of the surrounding seabed and 14C datings on samples of speleothems, flowstones and marine shells found inside three selected sea caves. The survey was mainly accomplished on June 2015 through the first complete snorkel investigation off the about 18 km-long volcanic coast of the island, which allowed to precisely define location, relationship and morphometric features of coastal landforms associated with modern sea level. This study highlights the occurrence, for the first time in the Mediterranean, of tidal notches in correspondence of carbonate inclusions in volcanic rocks. The elevation of the modern tidal notch suggests that no significant vertical deformations occurred in the southeastern and eastern sectors of Ustica in the last 100 years. However, the presence of pillow lavas along the coast demonstrates that Ustica was affected by a regional uplift since the Late Quaternary, as also confirmed by MIS5.5 deposits located at about 30 m a.s.l., which suggests an average uplift rate of 0.23 mm/y. Radiocarbon dating of fossil barnacles collected inside the Grotta Segreta cave indicate an age of 1823 ± 104 cal. BP. The difference in height with respect to living barnacles in the same site suggests that their present elevation could be related to stick-slip coseismic deformations caused by the four earthquake sequences (two of which with Mw = 4.63 ± 0.46) that strongly struck the island between 1906 and 1924.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 94–106
    Beschreibung: 1VV. Altro
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Volcanic geomorphology ; Tectonic uplift ; Sea caves ; Ustica ; Mediterranean Sea ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Sbacchiite, Ca2AlF7, a new fumarolic mineral from the Vesuvius volcano, Napoli, Italy (2019)
    E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 70176 Stuttgart,Germany
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-17
    Beschreibung: The new mineral sbacchiite (IMA 2017-097), Ca2AlF7, was found in a fossil fumarole (1944 eruption, T ! 80 !C) at the rim of the crater of the Vesuvius volcano, Napoli, Italy, associated with gearsksutite, usovite, creedite and opal. It forms elongated crystals up to about 60 lm in length. On the basis of powder X-ray diffraction data and chemical analysis, the mineral was recognized to be identical to the corresponding synthetic phase. Crystals are transparent or translucent and colourless, with vitreous lustre and white streak. The tenacity is brittle. The measured density is 3.08(2) g/cm3, the calculated density is 3.116 g/cm3. The empirical formula, (based on 10 atoms per formula unit, apfu) is Ca2.02Mg0.03Al0.99F6.97. Sbacchiite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a = 7.665(2), b = 6.993(1), c = 9.566(2) Å, V = 512.2(2) Å3 and Z = 4. The eight strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 3.840(45)(200), 3.563(85)(201), 3.499(100)(020), 2.899(55)(013), 2.750(30)(212), 2.281(20)(104), 2.255(52)(302) and 2.173(36)(131). The structure was refined to R = 0.0479 for 457 reflections with I 〉 2r(I). The asymmetric unit contains one Al3+ and two independent Ca2+ cations and five fluorine anions. Aluminium is octahedrally coordinated by six fluorine atoms; the arrangement of F around the 7-coordinated Ca(1) conforms to a distorted pentagonal bipyramid and that around Ca(2) to a very distorted polyhedron (in 7 + 1 coordination). All the fluorine atoms are threefold coordinated. The structure framework shows ‘‘isolated’’ [AlF6] octahedra, whereas the coordination polyhedra around Ca are linked by common edges [sequence: Ca(1)–Ca(2)– Ca(1). . .] along [010] and the same holds for the connection along [001]. Along [100], however, only the pentagonal bipyramids around Ca(1) are connected by bridging corners.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 153-158
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): sbacchiite ; new mineral ; calcium aluminium fluoride ; crystal structure ; fumarole ; vesuvius volcano ; 04.04.05
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    The Transformation of Sediment Into Rock: Insights From IODP Site U1352, Canterbury Basin, New Zealand (2018)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-02
    Beschreibung: At Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 317 Site U1352, east of the South Island New Zealand, we continuously cored a 1927-m-thick Holocene-to-Eocene section where we can uniquely document downhole changes in induration and lithification in siliciclastic to calcareous fine-grained sediment using a wide range of petrological, physical-property, and geochemical data sets. Porosity decreases from around 50% at the surface to 5–10% at the base of the deepest hole, with a corresponding increase in density from ∼ 2 to ∼ 2.5 g cm3. There are progressive bulk mineral changes with depth, including an increase in carbonate and decrease in quartz and clay content. Grain compaction is first seen in thin section at 347 m below sea floor and intensifies downhole. Pressure solution (chemical compaction) begins at 380 m and is common below 1440 m, with stylolite development below 1600 m, and sediment injection features below 1680 m. Porewater geochemistry and petrographic observations document two active zones of cementation, one shallow (eogenetic) down to ∼ 50 m, as evidenced by micritic nodules and pore-water geochemistry driven by methane oxidation by sulfate, and another burial-related cementation zone (mesogenetic) starting at ∼ 300 m. A transitional zone occurs between 50 and 300 m. Our results quantify downhole diagenetic changes and verify depth estimates for these processes inferred from outcrop studies, and provide an actualistic example of cementation and compaction trends in a slope setting.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 272–287
    Beschreibung: 5A. Paleoclima e ricerche polari
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    Reply to Narkiewicz (2017) comment on “Thermal evolution of Paleozoic successions of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)” (2017)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-15
    Beschreibung: In this paper we reply to the criticisms advanced by Narkiewicz (2017) on the paper by Schito et al. (2017). We clarify the issues related to the stratigraphic and thermal maturity constraints used for reconstructing burial and thermal models of the two blocks of the Holy Cross Mountains. We also show how geological evidences brought by Narkiewicz (2017) as a proof of elevated Variscan heat flow are not conclusive or at least suggest the occurence of a localized thermal anomaly only along the area of the Holy Cross Fault. In the end, we performed new burial and thermal models in the Kielce region demonstrating that stratigraphic thickness variations between Schito et al. (2017) and Narkiewicz et al. (2010) produce only negligible differences in levels of thermal maturity of Paleozoic rocks. In addition, we outline that levels of thermal maturity for Silurian rocks can be matched only by using constant heat flow values through the Paleozoic and point to a decisive role for the absence of regional high Variscan heat flow in the area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1114-1122
    Beschreibung: 1TR. Studi per le Georisorse
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Thermal modelling ; Sedimentary basins ; Paleozoic source rocks ; Holy Cross Mountains ; 04.04. Geology ; Basin Analyses ; Thermal evolution
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    Complexity of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake causative fault system (Abruzzi Apennines, Italy) and effects on the Middle Aterno Quaternary basin arrangement (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-15
    Beschreibung: An Mw 6.1, devastating earthquake, on April 6, 2009, struck the Middle Aterno Valley (Abruzzi Apennines, Italy) due to the activation of a poorly known normal fault system. Structural analysis of the fault population and investigation of the relationships with the Quaternary continental deposits through integrated field and laboratory techniques were conducted in order to reconstruct the long-term, tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin and hypothesize the size of the fault segment. A polyphasic evolution of the Middle Aterno Valley is characterized by a conjugate, ∼E-W and ∼NS-striking fault system, during the early stage of basin development, and by a dip-slip, NW-striking fault system in a later phase. The old conjugate fault system controlled the generation of the largest sedimentary traps in the area and is responsible for the horst and graben structures within the basin. During the Early Pleistocene the E-W and NS system reactivated with dip-slip kinematics. This gave rise to intra-basin bedrock highs and a significant syn-tectonic deposition, causing variable thickness and hiatuses of the continental infill. Subsequently, since the end of the Early Pleistocene, with the inception of the NW-striking fault system, several NW-strands linked into longer splays and their activity migrated toward a leading segment affecting the Paganica-San Demetrio basin: the Paganica-San Demetrio fault alignment. The findings from this work constrain and are consistent with the subsurface basin geometry inferred from previous geophysical investigations. Notably, two major elements of the ∼E-W and ∼NS-striking faults likely act as transfer to the nearby stepping active fault systems or form the boundaries, as geometric complexities, that limit the Paganica-San Demetrio fault segment overall length to 19 ± 3 km. The resulting size of the leading fault segment is coherent with the extent of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake causative fault. The positive match between the geologic long-term and coseismic images of the 2009 seismogenic fault highlights that the comprehensive reconstruction of the deformation history offers a unique contribution to the understanding faults seismic potential.
    Beschreibung: MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research) project “FIRB Abruzzo - High-resolution analyses for assessing the seismic hazard and risk of the areas affected by the 6 April 2009 earthquake”, ref. RBAP10ZC8K_005 and RBAP10ZC8K_007, and by Agreement INGV-DPC 2012–2021
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 30-66
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Quaternary geology ; L'Aquila earthquake ; structural geology ; Middle Aterno Valley ; neotectonics ; active fault ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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