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  • Other Sources  (11)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Physical Society
  • Cell Press
  • 2020-2024  (7)
  • 2015-2019  (4)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
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    Sources of variability in consonant perception of normal-hearing listeners (2015)
    American Institute of Physics
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 138 (3). pp. 1253-1267.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: Responses obtained in consonant perception experiments typically show a large variability across stimuli of the same phonetic identity. The present study investigated the influence of different potential sources of this response variability. It was distinguished between source-induced variability, referring to perceptual differences caused by acoustical differences in the speech tokens and/or the masking noise tokens, and receiver-related variability, referring to perceptual differences caused by within- and across-listener uncertainty. Consonant-vowel combinations consisting of 15 consonants followed by the vowel /i/ were spoken by two talkers and presented to eight normal-hearing listeners both in quiet and in white noise at six different signal-to-noise ratios. The obtained responses were analyzed with respect to the different sources of variability using a measure of the perceptual distance between responses. The speech-induced variability across and within talkers and the across-listener variability were substantial and of similar magnitude. The noise-induced variability, obtained with time-shifted realizations of the same random process, was smaller but significantly larger than the amount of within-listener variability, which represented the smallest effect. The results have implications for the design of consonant perception experiments and provide constraints for future models of consonant perception.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Ray-trace modeling of acoustic Green's function based on the semiclassical (eikonal) approximation (2016)
    American Institute of Physics
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140 (4). pp. 2695-2702.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The Green's function (GF) for the scalar wave equation is numerically constructed by an advanced geometric ray-tracing method based on the eikonal approximation related to the semiclassical propagator. The underlying theory is first briefly introduced, and then it is applied to acoustics and implemented in a ray-tracing-type numerical simulation. The so constructed numerical method is systematically used to calculate the sound field in a rectangular (cuboid) room, yielding also the acoustic modes of the room. The simulated GF is rigorously compared to its analytic approximation. Good agreement is found, which proves the devised numerical approach potentially useful also for low frequency acoustic modeling, which is in practice not covered by geometrical methods.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Toward one-meter resolution in 3D seismic (2018)
    American Institute of Physics
    In:  The Leading Edge, 37 (11). pp. 818-828.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-02
    Description: High-resolution 3D (HR3D) seismic data are important for hydrocarbon exploration of shallow reservoirs, site characterization, and geohazard assessments. The goal of this contribution is to identify and quantify the parameters to increase the resolution of HR3D seismic data to meter scale. The main acquisition parameters controlling the resolution of the collected data are the spectrum of the seismic source, source-receiver offset range, and trace density. An evolution to one-meter-scale resolution of 3D seismic will rely on combining a reproducible seismic source with high frequencies up to at least 600 Hz, a high uniform trace density of more than 4 million traces per square kilometer, and an offset range shorter than approximately 200 m. The resulting 3D seismic data volume will reach meter-scale resolution for water and target depths of less than 600 m. The proposed HR3D system will be suitable for 3D and 4D characterization of seabed properties and shallow stratigraphy, the identification of geohazards and hydrocarbon leakage, and monitoring the environmental impact of offshore activities. The P-Cable 3D system is an excellent starting point for achieving one-meter-scale resolution due to its flexible and tight meter-scale shot and receiver spacing.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Integration of triaxial testing and pore-scale visualization of methane hydrate bearing sediments (2019)
    American Institute of Physics
    In:  Review of Scientific Instruments, 90 (12). p. 124504.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Understanding mechanical interactions between hydrate and hosting sediments is critical for evaluating formation stability and associated environmental impacts of hydrate-bearing sediments during gas production. While core-scale studies of hydrate-bearing sediments are readily available and some explanations of observed results rely on pore-scale behavior of hydrate, actual pore-scale observations supporting the larger-scale phenomena are rarely available for hydrate-bearing sediments, especially with methane as guest molecules. The primary reasons for the scarcity include the challenge of developing tools for small-scale testing apparatus and pore-scale visualization capability. We present a testing assembly that combines pore-scale visualization and triaxial test capability of methane hydrate-bearing sediments. This testing assembly allows temperature regulation and independent control of four pressures: influent and effluent pore pressure, confining pressure, and axial pressure. Axial and lateral effective stresses can be applied independently to a 9.5 mm diameter and 19 mm long specimen while the pore pressure and temperature are controlled to maintain the stability of methane hydrate. The testing assembly also includes an X-ray transparent beryllium core holder so that 3D computed tomography scanning can be conducted during the triaxial loading. This testing assembly permits pore-scale exploration of hydrate-sediment interaction in addition to the traditional stress-strain relationship. Exemplary outcomes are presented to demonstrate applications of the testing assembly on geomechanical property estimations of methane-hydrate bearing sediments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Physical mechanisms of the linear stabilization of convection by rotation (2022)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-04
    Description: Despite the well-known limitations of linear stability theory in describing nonlinear and turbulent flows, it has been found to accurately capture the transitions between certain nonlinear flow behavior. Specifically, the transition in heat flux scaling in rotating convective flows can be well predicted by applying a linear stability analysis to simple profiles of a convective boundary layer. This fact motivates the present study of the linear mechanisms involved in the stability properties of simple convective setups subject to rotation. We look at an idealized two-layer setup and gradually add complexity by including rotation, a bounded domain, and viscosity. The two-layer setup has the advantage of allowing for the use of wave interaction theory, traditionally applied to understand stratified and homogeneous shear flow instabilities, in order to quantify the various physical mechanisms leading to the growth of convective instabilities. We quantitatively show that the physical mechanisms involved in the stabilization of convection by rotation take two different forms acting within the stratified interfacial region, and in the homogeneous mixed layers. The latter of these we associate with the tendency of a rotating flow to develop Taylor columns (TCs). This TC mechanism can lead to both a stabilization or destabilization of the instability and varies depending on the parameters of the problem. A simple criterion is found for classifying the influence of these physical mechanisms.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    A Roadmap for Using the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development in Support of Science, Policy, and Action (2020)
    Cell Press | Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The health of the ocean, central to human well-being, has now reached a critical point. Most fish stocks are overexploited, climate change and increased dissolved carbon dioxide are changing ocean chemistry and disrupting species throughout food webs, and the fundamental capacity of the ocean to regulate the climate has been altered. However, key technical, organizational, and conceptual scientific barriers have prevented the identification of policy levers for sustainability and transformative action. Here, we recommend key strategies to address these challenges, including (1) stronger integration of sciences and (2) ocean-observing systems, (3) improved science-policy interfaces, (4) new partnerships supported by (5) a new ocean-climate finance system, and (6) improved ocean literacy and education to modify social norms and behaviors. Adopting these strategies could help establish ocean science as a key foundation of broader sustainability transformations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Seafloor integrity versus critical metal supply (2021)
    Elsevier | Cell Press
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    Publication Date: 2023-10-06
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Antiphage small molecules produced by bacteria – beyond protein-mediated defenses (2023)
    Cell Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Bacterial populations face the constant threat of viral predation exerted by bacteriophages (‘phages’). In response, bacteria have evolved a wide range of defense mechanisms against phage challenges. Yet the vast majority of antiphage defense systems described until now are mediated by proteins or RNA complexes acting at the single-cell level. Here, we review small molecule-based defense strategies against phage infection, with a focus on the antiphage molecules described recently. Importantly, inhibition of phage infection by excreted small molecules has the potential to protect entire bacterial communities, highlighting the ecological significance of these antiphage strategies. Considering the immense repertoire of bacterial metabolites, we envision that the list of antiphage small molecules will be further expanded in the future.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Metabolic interactions shape a community's phenotype (2022)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Metabolic interactions between auxotrophs and prototrophs in microbial communities are understudied. Yu et al. showed how intracellular as well as intercellular metabolism affects community fitness in the absence and presence of abiotic stress, that is, drugs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Near-term deployment of novel carbon removal to facilitate longer-term deployment (2023)
    Cell Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Scenarios—which account for the costs of and interactions among different mitigation options—show that we will need to remove hundreds of gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere over the course of the century to limit warming to well below 2°C, make efforts to limit it to 1.5°C, and ensure the sustained well-being of our planet. Yet at present, only 2 Gt is being removed per year, and nearly all of it is from forestry—only 0.1% is from novel forms of carbon removal. This commentary shows that the deployment of novel CO2 removal (CDR) over the next decade, its formative phase, is likely to be consequential in determining whether CDR will be available at scale and in time to reach net-zero CO2 emissions consistent with the Paris Agreement’s temperature goal.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 11
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    Evolution via somatic genetic variation in modular species (2021)
    Cell Press | Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Highlights: Recent genomic data reveal that somatic genetic variation (SoGV) is widespread, but evolutionary consequences of this within-organism level of genetic diversity are largely ignored. In modular plant, animal, and fungal species featuring somatic asexual (=clonal) reproduction and long life spans, the segregation of somatic variation into independent modules (ramets) may create phenotypic diversity subject to selection. Recent genomic data suggest that SoGV can be transferred into gametes in species with late-sequestered, transient germlines (all plants and fungi, some basal animals). Somatic evolution is nested within sexual reproduction and needs to be better integrated into population genetic theory for a large number of species encompassing plants, fungi, and basal animals. Somatic genetic variation (SoGV) may play a consequential yet underappreciated role in long-lived, modular species among plants, animals, and fungi. Recent genomic data identified two levels of genetic heterogeneity, between cell lines and between modules, that are subject to multilevel selection. Because SoGV can transfer into gametes when germlines are sequestered late in ontogeny (plants, algae, and fungi and some basal animals), sexual and asexual processes provide interdependent routes of mutational input and impact the accumulation of genetic load and molecular evolution rates of the integrated asexual/sexual life cycle. Avenues for future research include possible fitness effects of SoGV, the identification and implications of multilevel selection, and modeling of asexual selective sweeps using approaches from tumor evolution
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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