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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), ISSN: 0036-8075
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: One of Earth’s most fundamental climate shifts – the greenhouse-icehouse transition 34 Ma ago – initiated Antarctic ice-sheet build-up, influencing global climate until today. However, the extent of the ice sheet during the Early Oligocene Glacial Maximum (~33.7–33.2 Ma) that immediately followed this transition, a critical knowledge gap for assessing feedbacks between permanently glaciated areas and early Cenozoic global climate reorganization, is uncertain. Here, we present shallow-marine drilling data constraining earliest Oligocene environmental conditions on West Antarctica’s Pacific margin – a key region for understanding Antarctic ice sheet-evolution. These data indicate a cool-temperate environment, with mild ocean and air temperatures preventing West Antarctic Ice Sheet formation. Climate-ice sheet modeling corroborates a highly asymmetric Antarctic ice sheet, thereby revealing its differential regional response to past and future climatic change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: Der Kapuzinersandstein ist ein gelblich brauner bis tief dunkelrotbrauner Sandstein, der in einem eng begrenzten Gebiet am westlichen Rheingrabenrand bei Grünstadt/ Pfalz vorkommt. Es handelt sich um einen verfestigten Meeressand aus der Alzey-Formation des Oligozäns. Das Vorkommen beschränkt sich auf wenige Abbaustellen, deren Gewinnungstätigkeit seit etwa hundert Jahren erloschen ist. Die Körnungslinie der Sandsteine und die durch Eisen(hydr-)oxide verursachte Kornbindung ist erheblichen Schwankungen unterworfen. Hauptbestandteile sind Quarz und Gesteinsbruchstücke. Siliziumoxid und Eisenoxide machen mehr als 95 % der chemischen Zusammensetzung aus. Zahlreiche Profan- und Sakralbauten sowie die Burgruine Battenberg wurden unter teilweiser oder ausschließlicher Verwendung von Kapuzinersandstein errichtet.
    Description: Abstract: The yellowish-brown to dark red-brown coloured Kapuziner sandstone occurs within a small confined area at the western border of the Upper Rhine Graben near Grünstadt/Palatinate. It is considered as a coastal marine formation of Tertiary age (Alzey Formation, Oligocene). The extraction as a building stone ceased almost a hundred years ago and only a few relics of quarries are left today. The grain size of the sandstone varies on a large scale as well as the mechanical stability. Main components are quartz and rock fragments. Silicon oxide and iron oxides contribute more than 95 % to the chemical composition of the sedimentary rock. Multiple secular and sacred buildings as well as the Battenberg Castle have been erected partially or completely using Kapuziner sandstone .
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.53 ; Sandstein ; Pfalz ; Oberrheingraben ; Petrographie ; Geochemie ; Architektur ; Werkstein
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: Acanthuridae y Scaridae son familias de peces herbívoros que constituyen los principales controladores de macroalgas en arrecifes coralinos. Sobre su distribución y abundancia inciden factores bióticos y abióticos, naturales u originados por el hombre. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación de la densidad y biomasa de Acanthuridae y Scaridae con variables bióticas y abióticas en arrecifes con diferente nivel de protección del occidente de Cuba. Para esto, se usaron comparaciones múltiples de media por rangos y pruebas de correlaciones por rangos de Spearman en tres localidades muestreadas entre 2014 y 2017: Municipio Playa (La Habana), Bahía de Cochinos (Matanzas) y María la Gorda (Pinar del Río), las dos últimas ubicadas en Áreas Marinas Protegidas. Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas analizadas mostraron los indicadores más satisfactorios de Scaridae, que disminuyeron en las localidades con impacto antrópico. La contaminación y la presión de pesca en La Habana, mantenida por años, parecen ser las causas principales de la ausencia de adultos de Scaridae. La mayor densidad y biomasa de peces carnívoros (familia Lutjanidae) pudieran ser factores limitantes para la familia Acanthuridae, la cual exhibió mayor densidad y biomasa en sitios con mayor disponibilidad de alimento (macroalgas de los géneros Sargassum, Amphiroa y Galaxaura), menor complejidad topográfica y mayor antropización.
    Description: Acanthuridae and Scaridae are families of herbivorous fishes that are the main controllers of macroalgae in coral reefs. Its distribution and abundance are affected by biotic and abiotic factors, natural or originated by man. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship of the density and biomass of Acanthuridae and Scaridae with biotic and abiotic variables in reefs with different levels of protection in western Cuba. For this, multiple comparisons of means by ranks and Spearman’s rank correlation tests were used in three localities sampled between 2014 and 2017: Municipio Playa (Havana), Bahía de Cochinos (Matanzas) and María la Gorda (Pinar del Rio), the last two located in Marine Protected Areas. The Marine Protected Areas analyzed showed the most satisfactory indicators of Scaridae, which decreased in localities with anthropogenic impact. Pollution and fishing pressure in Havana, maintained for years, seem to be the main causes of the absence of Scaridae adults. Higher densities and biomass of carnivorous fishes (Lutjanidae family) could be limiting factors for the Acanthuridae family. Acanthuridae exhibited higher density and biomass in sites with greater food availability (macroalgae of the genera Sargassum, Amphiroa and Galaxaura), less topographic complexity and more anthropized.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Algas ; Áreas protegidas ; Corales ; Peces depredadores ; Peces herbívoros ; Algae ; Corals ; Herbivorous fishes ; Predatory fishes ; Protected areas
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.141-165
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: We report detailed morphometric observations on several MIS 5.5 and a few older (MIS 11, 21, 25) fossil tidal notches shaped along carbonate coasts at 80 sites in the central Mediterranean Sea and at an additional six sites in the eastern and western Mediterranean. At each site, we performed precise measurements of the fossil tidal notch (FTN) width and depth, and of the elevation of its base relative to the base of the present tidal notch (PTN). The age of the fossil notches is obtained by correlation with biologic material associated with the notches at or very close to the site. This material was previously dated either through radiometric analysis or by its fossiliferous content. The width (i.e. the difference in elevation between base and top) of the notches ranges from 1.20 to 0.38 m, with a mean of 0.74 m. Although the FTN is always a few centimetres wider than the PTN, probably because of the lack of the biological reef coupled with a small erosional enlargement in the FTN, the broadly comparable width suggests that tide amplitude has not changed since MIS 5.5 times. This result can be extended to the MIS 11 features because of a comparable notch width, but not to the MIS 21 and 25 epochs. Although observational control of these older notches is limited, we regard this result as suggesting that changes in tide amplitude broadly occurred at the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition. The investigated MIS 5.5 notches are located in tectonically stable coasts, compared to other sectors of the central Mediterranean Sea where they are uplifted or subsided to ~100m and over. In these stable areas, the elevation of the base of the MIS 5.5 notch ranges from 2.09 to 12.48 m, with a mean of 5.7 m. Such variability, although limited, indicates that small land movements, deriving from slow crustal processes, may have occurred in stable areas. We defined a number of sectors characterized by different geologic histories, where a careful evaluation of local vertical land motion allowed the selection of the best representative elevation of the MIS 5.5 peak highstand for each sector. This elevation has been compared against glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) predictions drawn from a suite of ice-sheet models (ICE-G5, ICE-G6 and ANICE-SELEN) that are used in combination with the same solid Earth model and mantle viscosity parameters. Results indicate that the GIA signal is not the main cause of the observed highstand variability and that other mechanisms are needed. The GIA simulations show that, even within the Mediterranean Basin, the maximum highstand is reached at different times according to the geographical location. Our work shows that, besides GIA, even in areas considered tectonically stable, additional vertical tectonic movements may occur with a magnitude that is significantly larger than the GIA.
    Description: Published
    Description: 600-623
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fossil and present tidal notches ; Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA)
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: We present and discuss the genesis, age and evolution of indented landforms carved at sea level in correspondence of carbonatic headlands in three sites of the central Mediterranean coasts, between Marseille (France) and Balzi Rossi (Italy), the island of Tavolara (Sardinia, Italy) and the promontory of Tindari (Sicily, Italy). The shape of these anomalous notches landforms can be referred to is very similar to tidal notches, despite their genesis and morphometric parameters are different from those suggested by other Authors for the central Mediterranean area. Two of these sites are located in tectonically stable areas, while the third falls is located in an uplifting area. Those The notches we investigated along the coast of southern France, are submerged notch-type landforms located in the vicinities surroundings of current modern tidal notches. At Tavolara island, these anomalous notches are placed at about 25 m b.s.l. these landforms and have the shape of “mushroom-like notches”. Finally, those investigated along the metamorphic-carbonatic promontory of Tindari, are marine and abrasional notches, that have been uplifted, likely during the Holocene
    Description: Published
    Description: 4-16
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Marine notchesMediterranean coastVertical tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: Recent works (Evelpidou et al., 2012) suggest that the modern tidal notch is disappearing worldwide due sea level rise over the last century. In order to assess this hypothesis, we measured modern tidal notches in several of sites along the Mediterranean coasts. We report observations on tidal notches cut along carbonate coasts from 73 sites from Italy, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, Malta and Spain, plus additional observations carried outside the Mediterranean. At each site, we measured notch width and depth, and we described the characteristics of the biological rim at the base of the notch. We correlated these parameters with wave energy, tide gauge datasets and rock lithology. Our results suggest that, considering ‘the development of tidal notches the consequence of midlittoral bioerosion’ (as done in Evelpidou et al., 2012) is a simplification that can lead to misleading results, such as stating that notches are disappearing. Important roles in notch formation can be also played by wave action, rate of karst dissolution, salt weathering and wetting and drying cycles. Of course notch formation can be augmented and favoured also by bioerosion which can, in particular cases, be the main process of notch formation and development. Our dataset shows that notches are carved by an ensemble rather than by a single process, both today and in the past, and that it is difficult, if not impossible, to disentangle them and establish which one is prevailing. We therefore show that tidal notches are still forming, challenging the hypothesis that sea level rise has drowned them.
    Description: Published
    Description: 66-84
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Tidal notches, tides, sea level ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: We report on the results of about 9 months of gravimetric recordings acquired at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius (SV) volcano (Southern Italy) with the new generation relative gravimeter gPhoneX#116 (gPh#116), which is a gravimeter specifically designed for continuous gravity recording. We also present the outcomes of an intercomparison experiment of the gPhone#116 conducted at the J9 gravity observatory in Strasbourg (France). In this intercomparison, we were able to check the scale factor of the meter with a high degree of precision by means of an intercomparison with 2 superconducting gravimeters (SGs) and a FG5-type absolute ballistic gravimeter. Multiple calibration approaches allowed us to validate the manufacturer's original calibration constants to a level of 1% accuracy and 0.1% precision. Moreover, we carried out a comparative study of the noise level of the gPh#116 with respect to the SGs and other spring meters routinely used in both prospecting and time-lapse gravimetry. It turns out that gPh#116 exhibits lower levels at hourly time-scales than other compared spring gravimeters (Graviton, gPhone#054, Scintrex-CG5). It was also possible to carry out a detailed study of the instrumental drift, a crucial topic for reliable monitoring of the long-term gravity variations in active volcanic areas. In fact, a challenge in time-lapse gravimetry is the proper separation of the instrumental variations from real gravity changes eventually attributable to recharge or drainage processes of magma or fluids in the feeding systems of active volcanoes. A negative finding coming out from the intercomparison is that, even when applying the tilt correction, the gravimetric residuals obtained with the gPh#116 are an order of magnitude larger and quite inconsistent with those obtained with co-located superconducting gravimeters. We guess this problem could be overcome by installing the gravimeter on an auto-levelling platform. From the analysis of the gravity records, a reliable tidal gravity model was derived, which we believe will help to improve the accuracy of volcano monitoring, as it will allow appropriate correction of tidal effects for both relative and absolute gravity measurements acquired in the area. Two further interesting elements arose from our study: (1) a peculiar cavity effect of the SV underground laboratory that seems to influence the tilt change; (2) the small residual gravity signals are time correlated with the rainfall peaks and are compatible with gravity decreases induced by increases in soil moisture above the gravimeter.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2625-2650
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: Late Quaternary crustal uplift is well recognized in northeast Sicily, southern Italy, a region also prone to damaging earthquakes such as the 1908 “Messina” earthquake (Mw 7.1), the deadliest seismic event reported within the Italian Earthquake Catalogue. Yet it is still understudied if, within the Milazzo Peninsula, crustal uplift rates are varying spatially and temporally and whether they may be either influenced by (i) local upper-plate faulting activity or (ii) deep geodynamic processes. To investigate the long-term crustal vertical movements in northeast Sicily, we have mapped a flight of Middle-Late Pleistocene marine terraces within the Milazzo Peninsula and in its southern area and refined their chronology, using a synchronous correlation approach driven by published age controls. This has allowed a new calculation of the associated crustal uplift rates, along a north–south oriented coastal-parallel transect within the investigated area. Our results show a decreasing uplift rate from south to north across the Milazzo Peninsula and beyond, and that the associated rates of uplift have been constant through the Late Quaternary. This spatially varying yet temporally constant vertical deformation helps to constrain the amount of uplift, allowing us to explore which is the driving mechanism(s), proposing a few related scenarios. We discuss our results in terms of tectonic implications and emphasize the importance of using appropriate approaches, as such applying a synchronous correlation method, to refine chronologies of undated palaeoshorelines when used for tectonic investigations.
    Description: In press
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: The coast of the Mediterranean provide several remnants of ancient coastal quarries, which are now useful to study sea level change occurring during the last millennia. Millstones quarries were exploited with same quarrying techniques from rocks like beachrocks, sandstones or similar lithologies, were shaped to be suitable to grind olives, seeds and wheat, to produce oil and flour, or to break apart soft rocks. In this study we integrated historical sources, aerial photography, field surveys and palaeo sea-level modelling to investigate a number of millstones quarries with the aim to asses the intervening sea level change that occurred since the quarries were abandoned. We investigated on their chronology, spatial distribution and spatial relationship to the sea-level. Our results indicate that most of these were carved close to sea level between 1.45 ka and 0.25 ka cal BP, but mainly around 0.45 cal ka BP. Despite the uncertainties associated with the chronology in, we found good agreement between their lowest elevation (between 0.33 m and −0.06 m) and the paleo sea-levels, as predicted by the GIA models.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102-116
    Description: 3SR. AMBIENTE - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Mediterranean coastCoastal quarriesMillstonesRelative sea-level changesArchaeological sea-level markers
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: The coasts of Italy still preserve several remnants of coastal quarries built in antiquity, that now provide insights into the intervening sea-level changes occurred during the last millennia. In this paper, we show and discuss a new class of sea level indicator consisting of millstones carved along the rocky coast of southern Italy since 2500 BP, that are currently submerged. They were extracted from beachrocks, sandstones or similar sedimentary rocks, easier for carving by ancient carving tools. Our study focuses on 10 coastal sites located at Capo d’Orlando, Avola, and Letojanni, in Sicily; Soverato, Tropea, and Capo dell’Armi, in Calabria; Castellabate, Palinuro, and Scario, in Campania; and Polignano San Vito, in Apulia. Unfortunately, only limited archaeological information is available for these anthropic structures. Scario, one of these millstone quarries discussed here, has been dated through independent archaeological remains, allowing us to restrict the exploitation age to the end of XVII century. Present day elevations of these coastal sites were obtained through geo-archaeological surveys calibrated using the nearest tidal stations, together with geomorphological and tectonic interpretations. Data were compared against the latest sea level predictions based on glacio-hydro-isostatic models. Our results allow proposal of the age-range of these millstone quarries and to estimate the intervening relative sea level changes since the time when they were carved.
    Description: Published
    Description: 126-142
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mediterranean sea, Archaeology, sea level ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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