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  • Articles  (567)
  • Drosophila  (348)
  • taxonomy
  • Springer  (525)
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  • Biology  (567)
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  • Articles  (567)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual isolation betweenDrosophila melanogaster females andD. simulans males. Male mating propensities versus success in hybridization (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 596-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Drosophila ; hybridization ; male vigour ; male mating speed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic variation has been found in males of aD. simulans population for their eagerness to hybridize withD. melanogaster females. In a search for traits involved in this hybridization, males ofD. simulans were tested for mating speed and sexual vigour. Between-male differences were detected in both sexual traits, but no relationship was noticed between them, nor with the frequency of hybridization. Thus male mating propensities appear to be unrelated to the breakdown of sexual isolation between these sibling species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01955171
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in theMelanogaster and oriental species subgroups ofDrosophila (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Nucleotide sequence ; Nonsynonymous substitutions ; Phylogeny ; A+T content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequence of a segment of the mitochondrial DNA from threeDrosophila species (D. erecta, D. eugracilis, andD. takahashii), belonging to different subgroups of themelanogaster group has been determined. The segment encompasses three complete tRNA genes (tRNAtrp, tRNAcys, and tRNAtyr) and portions of two protein-coding genes: the subunit 2 of the NADH dehydrogenase (ND2) and the subunit 1 of the cytochrome oxidase (COI). Comparisons also involve homologous sequences already known for four otherDrosophila species of themelanogaster group. Length differences were confined in the intergenic region where a long stretch of AT repeats was observed in one of the species analyzed. The three tRNA genes exhibit very different evolutionary rates, the most slowly evolving one, tRNAtyr, is adjacent to the 5′ end of COI; tRNAs in similar positions have been previously shown to evolve slowly because they are probably involved in transcript processing. Although the rate of synonymous substitutions was very similar between ND2 and COI genes there were strong discrepancies between them in terms of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions. Differences have also been found in G+C content of the genes, which are likely to be linked to different selective pressures. There is a reduction in G+C content in the region where selective constraints are reduced. This suggests the existence of different levels of constraints along the sequenced segment. An overall analysis of the types of substitutions showed a decrease in A+T content during the course of evolution of the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193630
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual organizational features of the Drosophila Gart locus are not conserved within diptera (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 35 (1992), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Gart locus ; Chironomus tentans ; Purine nucleotide biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The Drosophila Gart locus consists of two genes. One gene encodes three enzymes in the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway [glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase (GARS), aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase (AIRS), and glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GART)]. The second gene lies within an intron of the purine gene and encodes a cuticle protein. To investigate the evolution of the Gart locus, the Chironomus tentans homolog was cloned by screening a genomic DNA library with a polymerase chain reaction product. This study shows that the interesting structural features of this locus conserved in two distant Drosophila species are not found in the Chironomus homolog. These features include the cuticle protein gene nested within an intron and the existence of an alternative transcript to yield a monofunctional enzyme. In addition, the extremely rapid divergence of coding sequence seen for members of the tandemly duplicated AIRS domain in Drosophila is found to be much less rapid in Chironomus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160260
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homopolymer length variation in the Drosophila gene mastermind (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 37 (1993), S. 483-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Drosophila ; mastermind ; Gene comparison ; Triplet repeat ; Homopolymer ; Protein evolution ; Repeat length variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Runs of identical amino acids encoded by triplet repeats (homopolymers) are components of numerous proteins, yet their role is poorly understood. Large numbers of homopolymers are present in the Drosophila melanogaster mastermind (mam) protein surrounding several unique charged amino acid clusters. Comparison of mam sequences from D. virilis and D. melanogaster reveals a high level of amino acid conservation in the charged clusters. In contrast, significant divergence is found in repetitive regions resulting from numerous amino acid replacements and large insertions and deletions. It appears that repetitive regions are under less selective pressure than unique regions, consistent with the idea that homopolymers act as flexible spacers separating functional domains in proteins. Notwithstanding extensive length variation in intervening homopolymers, there is extreme conservation of the amino acid spacing of specific charge clusters. The results support a model where homopolymer length variability is constrained by natural selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160429
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the threonine-glycine repeat region of the period gene in the melanogaster species subgroup of drosophila (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 35 (1992), S. 411-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Drosophila ; per gene ; Threonine-Glycine ; repeat sequence ; melanogaster subgroup phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The Threonine-Glycine (Thr-Gly) region of the period gene (per) in Drosophila was compared in the eight species of the D. melanogaster subgroup. This region can be divided into a diverged variable-length segment which is flanked by more conserved sequences. The number of amino acids encoded in the variable-length region ranges from 40 in D. teissieri to 69 in D. mauritiana. This is similar to the range found within natural populations of D. melanogaster. It was possible to derive a Thr-Gly “allele” of one species from that of another by invoking hypothetical Thr-Gly intermediates. A phylogeny based on the more conserved flanking sequences was produced. The results highlighted some of the problems which are encountered when highly polymorphic genes are used to infer phylogenies of closely related species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171819
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ADH and phylogenetic relationships ofDrosophila lebanonensis (Scaptodrosophila) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 32 (1991), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Amino acid sequence ; Phylogenetic relationships ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Increasing data onDrosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) sequences have made it possible to calculate the rate of amino acid replacement per year, which is 1.7×10−9. This value makes this protein suitable for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within the genus for those species for which no molecular data are available such asScaptodrosophila. The amino acid sequence ofDrosophila lebanonensis is compared to all of the already knownDrosophila ADHs, stressing the unique characteristic features of this protein such as the conservation of an initiating methionine at the N-terminus, the unique replacement of a glycine by an alanine at a very conserved position in the NAD domain of all dehydrogenases, the lack of a slowmigrating peptide, and the total conservation of the maximally hydrophilic peptide. The functional significance of these features is discussed. Although the percent amino acid identity of the ADH molecule inDrosophila decreases as the number of sequences compared increases, the conservation of residue type in terms of size and hydrophobocity for the ADH molecule is shown to be very high throughout the genusDrosophila. The distance matrix and parsimony methods used to establish the phylogenetic relationships ofD. lebanonensis show that the three subgenera,Scaptodrosophila, Drosophila, andSophophora separated at approximately the same time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02101282
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of thedec-1 eggshell locus inDrosophila. I. Restriction site mapping and limited sequence comparison in themelanogaster species subgroup (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Drosophila ; dec-1 locus ; Restriction map conservation ; Sequence comparison ; Melanogaster species subgroup ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have analyzed ∼18 kb of DNA in and upstream of thedefective chorion-1 (dec-1) locus of the eight known species of themelanogaster species subgroup ofDrosophila. The restriction maps ofD. simulans, D. mauritiana, D. sechellia, D. erecta, andD. orena are shown to have basically the restriction map ofD. melanogaster, whereas the maps ofD. teissieri andD. yakuba were more difficult to align. However, the basic amount of DNA and sequence arrangement appear to have been conserved in these species. A small deletion of varying length (65–200 bp) is found in a repeated sequence of the central transcribed region ofD. melanogaster, D. simulans, andD. erecta. Restriction site mapping indicated that thedec-1 gene is highly conserved in themelanogaster species subgroup. However, sequence comparison revealed that the amount of nucleotide and amino acid substitution in the repeated region is much larger than in the 5′ translated region. The 5′ flanking region showed noticeable restriction site polymorphisms between species. Based on calculations from the restriction maps a dendrogram was derived that supports earlier published phylogenetic relationships within themelanogaster species subgroup except that theerecta-orena pair is placed closer to themelanogaster complex than toD. teissieri andD. yakuba.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02102863
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertion sites of the transposable elementmariner are fixed in the genome ofDrosophila sechellia (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 450-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Mariner ; Transposable elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The abundance of the transposable elementmariner differs dramatically in the genomes of the closely related speciesDrosophila simulans, D. mauritiana, D. sechellia, andD. melanogaster. Natural populations ofD. simulans andD. mauritiana have 1–10 and 20–30 copies per diploid genome, respectively, and the insertion sites are polymorphic. The element has not been found inD. melanogaster. In this paper we show thatD. sechellia, a species endemic to the Seychelles Islands, contains only twomariner elements that are at fixed sites in the genome. One element, inserted in chromosome 2R at 51A1–2, contains three deletions and is missing much of the 3′ end. The other element, inserted in chromosome 3L at 64A10–11, is the full length of 1286 bp. Although the sequence of the full-length element is polymorphic in populations ofD. sechellia, at least some of the sequences are closely related to elements fromD. simulans andD. mauritiana that are known to be active. However, judging from the progeny of crosses betweenD. sechellia andD. simulans, the biological activity of the full-lengthD. sechellia element appears to be low, either because of the nucleotide sequence of the element or because of its position in the genome, or both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02103137
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular phylogeny of Drosophila based on ribosomal RNA sequences (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 37 (1993), S. 525-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Zaprionus ; Phylogeny ; Ribosomal RNA sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nucleotide sequences of 72 species of Drosophilidae were determined for divergent D1 and D2 domains (representing 200 and 341 nucleotides respectively in D. melanogaster) of large ribosomal RNA, using the rRNA direct sequencing method. Molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using both distance and parsimony methods and the robustness of the nodes was evaluated by the bootstrap procedure. The trees obtained by these methods revealed four main lineages or clades which do not correspond to the taxonomical hierarchy. In our results, the genus Chymomyza is associated with the subgenus Scaptodrosophila of the genus Drosophila and their cluster constitutes the most ancient clade. The two other clades are constituted of groups belonging to the subgenus Sophophora of the genus Drosophila: the so-called Neotropical clade including the willistoni and saltans groups and the obscura-melanogaster clade itself split into three lineages: (1) obscura group + ananassae subgroup, (2) montium subgroup, and (3) melanogaster + Oriental subgroups. The fourth clade, the Drosophila one, contains three lineages. D. polychaeta, D. iri, and D. fraburu are branched together and constitute the most ancient lineage; the second lineage includes the annulimana, bromeliae, dreyfusi, melanica, mesophragmatica, repleta, robusta, and virilis groups. The third lineage is composed of the immigrans and the cardini, funebris, guaramunu, guarani, histrio, pallidipennis, quinaria, and tripunctata groups. The genera Samoaia, Scaptomyza, and Zaprionus are branched within the Drosophila clade. Although these four clades appear regularly in almost all tree calculations, additional sequencing will be necessary to determine their precise relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160433
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complementary DNA-DNA hybridization in Drosophila (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 130-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Sophophora ; cDNA-DNA hybridization ; Phylogenetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have performed DNA-DNA hybridization experiments among several species of Drosophila using the evolutionarily conserved portion of the genome representing sequences coding for amino acids of proteins. This was done by using as tracer, radioactively labeled complementary DNA that was reverse transcribed from adult mRNA. We show that this procedure extends phylogenetically the distance over which the technique can be applied to fast-evolving groups such as Drosophila. The major phylogenetic conclusions are (1) the subgenus Sophophora is a monophyletic lineage; (2) within Sophophora the melanogaster subgroup is closer to the obscura group than either group is to the willistoni group; (3) the subgenus Drosophila is complex with most major lineages originating deep in the phylogeny; the subgenus may not be monophyletic; (4) as with most groups classically placed in Drosophila, the Hawaiian Drosophila originate early, supporting the notion that this lineage is older than the extant islands; and (5) the virilis/repleta lineage is monophyletic within Drosophila.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182390
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