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  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Fisheries
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  • 1
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The first year of the New England Regional Fisheries Management Council has been marked by its experimental aura. Neither the Council nor the various sectors (representatives of the Federal and State agencies, members of the fishing industry, the public at large) were clear as to exactly what they were to do and how they were to do it--except in the broadest, most flexible (ambiguous?) terms. This created certain operational difficulties, and confusion for those whose livelihood was affected by the Council's operation. This latter group, particularly the fishermen, knew little of what went on, save in terms of the 'public facet of the Council--i.e., that portion of the Council's performance which occurred during the monthly meetings which were open to the public and which, supposedly, received public input at that time. This study defines that public face, deliberately avoiding the presentation of any data which was not accessible to the average audience participant, in an attempt to present some of the behavior which all participants demonstrated and which generated responses and reactions on the part of the other sectors. It uses standard anthropological techniques of data gathering and analysis to show the degree to which impression management on the part of all the actors operated in a systematic fashion to produce action, reaction, and counter-action. Particularly emphasized is the communication aspects.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-7-158-44104, and the Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; and by sabbatical funding from the State University of New York.
    Keywords: Legislation ; Fisheries ; Sociocultural analysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Despite an absence of freshwater exploitation, the adult salmon run in the Matamek River, Quebec, declined during 1975-1980 to 〈23% of the level thought to occur there prior to 1967. Returns in 1979 and 1980 of adults tagged as smolts were 1.0% and 0.9%, respectively. Numbers of emigrating smolts and their corresponding adult returns are not significantly correlated, although we observed a trend towards more salmon (2 sea year fish) returning with larger numbers of migrating smolts. Since 1967 there is noted a decrease in the age at which returning adults smolted and females appear to now constitute a larger percentage of returning grilse and salmon. These, and other changes in life history characteristics, appear to be caused solely by commercial exploitation.
    Description: Prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Department of Recreation, Fish and Game of the Province of Quebec.
    Keywords: Atlantic salmon ; Fish populations ; Atlantic salmon ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Buesseler, K., Jin, D., Kourantidou, M., Levin, D., Ramakrishna, K., Renaud, P., Ausubel, J., Baltes, K., Gjerde, K., Holland, M., Kostel, K., LaCapra, V., Martin, A., Sosik, H., Thorrold, S., Tierney, T., Joyce, K., Renier, N., Taylor, E. (2022). The Ocean Twilight Zone’s Role in Climate Change. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 32 pp.
    Description: The ocean twilight zone (more formally known as the mesopelagic zone) plays a fundamental role in global climate. It is the mid-ocean region roughly 100 to 1000 meters below the surface, encompassing a half-mile deep belt of water that spans more than two-thirds of our planet. The top of the ocean twilight zone only receives 1% of incident sunlight and the bottom level is void of sunlight. Life in the ocean twilight zone helps to transport billions of metric tons (gigatonnes) of carbon annually from the upper ocean into the deep sea, due in part to processes known as the biological carbon pump. Once carbon moves below roughly 1000 meters depth in the ocean, it can remain out of the atmosphere for centuries to millennia. Without the benefits of the biological carbon pump, the atmospheric CO 2 concentration would increase by approximately 200 ppm 1 which would significantly amplify the negative effects of climate change that the world is currently trying to curtail and reverse. Unfortunately, existing scientific knowledge about this vast zone of the ocean, such as how chemical elements flow through its living systems and the physical environment, is extremely limited, jeopardizing the efforts to improve climate predictions and to inform fisheries management and ocean policy development.
    Description: Funding is: The Audacious Project housed at TED
    Keywords: Climate ; Mesopelagic ; Twilight Zone ; Fisheries ; Carbon Dioxide Removal ; Ocean ; Biological Carbon Pump ; Solubility Pump ; Carbon ; Marine Snow
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Other
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  • 4
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Fish and fishermen appear to be in a serious decline in New England. The haddock are overfished, inshore herring stocks are depleted, yellowtail flounder and lobster are scarce. The popular image is of grizzled fishermen, their boats chipped, scarred, old-fashioned hulks of wood tied up two and three abreast along the rotting wharves and piers of New England's depressed port towns. In this research project, we wanted to determine the state of the New England fishing industry and to propose acceptable methods for the management of the fishery. During our early discussions with the fishing industry people, we mentioned that we were interested in limited effort programs as they might be applied to New England fishermen. We carefully, and probably tediously, explained the "theory of limited effort" and we were generally thought to be daft. We were told we had things backwards--that the fishing industry needed more fish, more men, more boats - and that the way to accomplish this was to get a 200-mile fishing limit and kick the foreigners out. One of these wishes has come true - in the spring of 1976, P.L. 94-265 established a 200-mile fishing zone off the United States, with regional management councils to make management plans and allocate the resources first to United States fishermen, with surpluses to foreign fishermen.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-5-158-8 and Grant #04-6-158-44106, and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: From the Forward: The idea for an Exploratory Workshop on Fisheries Sociology emerged from informal discussions held at the 1983 Rural Sociological Society meetings. Planning for the Exploratory Workshop was undertaken by the two of us (Bailey and Harris) with the assistance of Peter Sinclair and Christopher Vanderpool. We sought to identify persons working in different areas of the sociology of fisheries who could present review papers on their areas of inquiry. The papers in this volume are the result of that effort. At the same time, we sought to identify persons who would be interested in attending such a workshop• By combining our personal networks, the mailing list of the Fisheries Anthropologist at the National Marine Fisheries Service (Peter Fricke), and the list of attendees at two sessions on fisheries organized by Bailey at the 1984 Rural Sociological Society meetings, we developed a mailing list of 83 sociologists working on some aspect of fisheries. Invitations to attend the workshop were sent to those persons. In response to the invitation, 24 sociologists attended the Workshop. They came from eleven states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, three provinces of Canada, and Norway. They represented work in both industrialized and developing nations, in subsistence, recreational and commercial fisheries, and in aquaculture.
    Description: This report was prepared with funds from the American Sociological Society; U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant under Grant Number NA84AA-D-00033 (R/S-12); and the J . N. Pew, Jr. Charitable Trust.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 6
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Coastal Research Center activities for the period of 1984 to 1986 are described briefly. Major projects include: Assimilative Capacity-Buzzards Bay, Georges Bank book; Instrumentation-Experimental Seawater Flume, Sea Level Change - Measurement and Consequences; and Fisheries Ecology. General activities are also described.
    Description: Prepared under grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Richard King Mellon Foundation, and the Mobil Foundation, Incorporated.
    Keywords: Coasts ; Fisheries ; Ecology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 7
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This description of the small-scale sector of the Southern New England (Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut) fishery includes information on the fishermen (their ages, education, experience, occupational training, family involvement and reasons for fishing) and the physical characteristics of the fleet (the boats and gear). Fishing patterns are analyzed by species, geographical areas and seasons. The economic structure of small-scale fishing is described in terms of investment, net and gross earnings, fuel costs, crew payments systems and marketing arrangements. Management implications of this information and analyses are included.
    Description: Prepared for the Pew Memorial Trust, for the Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, under Grants 04-8-M01-149, also NA 79AA-D-00102, and for Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program .
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This bibliography of social and economic studies of the fisheries of the Northeast United States (Maine to North Carolina) includes annotated listings for each entry and an index of key words for cross-referencing. We have attempted to include all studies published since 1970, and a selected group of particularly significant studies done earlier. The major focus has been on commercial fisheries, but recreational fishing studies have also been included when possible. In addition to studies of the Northeast United States fisheries, studies of Canadian fishing subsidies, European and other markets, have been included because of their relevance to the regional industry. All stages of the fishing industry's operation - harvesting, processing, distribution, marketing - are included, along with management and policy oriented material.
    Description: Prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service Contract NA-81-FA-C-00018 and for The Pew Memorial Trust, also for the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under NA-80AA-D-0077 (E/L-1) and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The New England fishing industry is examined in terms of the capacity of the fishing fleet, of the processing plants, and of the transportation system. Limitations on the capacity of the industry, and its capability and flexibility, are explored in terms of social, economic and technical aspects. The study is based on interviews with fishermen, buyers, processors and distributors, and on data made available by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Although the fisheries is in a state of expansion and both vessels and plants have a greater capacity than is now being used, the major problems that may restrict expansion in both fishing and processing are quality control, species selection and market development.
    Description: This document is the final report for NOAA Contract #03-6-043-35165, which supported most of the research. Research was also supported with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and from the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-8-M01-149, and was sponsored by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery processing industries
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 10
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Development of shrimp-export industry brought about the underdevelopment of Pacific Mexico's inshore fisheries. The rural fishery of south Sinaloa provides a case in point, as well as a point of departure for considering fisheries development and management policy for similar fisheries in certain other less developed countries.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-8-M01-149, and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.
    Keywords: National Sea Grant Program (U.S.) ; Fishery policy ; Fishery management ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report represents a first step at considering the potential for the use of market-based incentives to aid in the resolution of fishery bycatch problems. Market-based incentives have several advantages over more traditional command-and-control approaches, including cost-effective allocations of environmental controls; incentives for firms to seek technological solutions; flexibility; returns to the public for the use of its resources; and lower administrative costs in some cases. Notwithstanding these advantages and with several notable exceptions, market-based incentives are almost never employed in the management of fishery bycatch problems. There may be several reasons why this is the case, including significant distributional effects, high costs of monitoring and enforcement, difficulties in educating consumers about product attributes, administrative and transactions costs, or merely oversight. We consider this report to be an "advanced outline" of the issues surrounding the consideration of market-based incentives. We begin first by developing in Section 2 a definition of bycatch, including a "typology" of bycatch types. Next, we compile available public information on bycatch in U.S. fisheries, as defined by target species, location, and gear type (Section 3 and Appendix 1). We then review, in Section 4, two potentially relevant strands of literature, the economic theory of multispecies fisheries and studies from other social sciences of how small-scale fisheries deal with problems of bycatch. In Section 5, we describe, in general, the kinds of market-based policy instruments that may be of use in managing bycatch problems. Following this evaluation, we identify and discuss, as case studies; three priority fisheries: th~ northeastern groundfish fishery; the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery; and the eastern tropical Pacific yellowfin tuna fishery (Section 6). Finally, in Section 7, we outline approaches to identifying appropriate policy instruments, including a qualitative comparison of market-based approaches, an examination of the effect of specific types of uncertainty on the choice between taxes and ITQs, and the development of a "proposal" for a bycatch management "policy package." This section concludes with a proposal for a set of priority market-based approaches to bycatch management in the three cases discussed in Section 6.
    Description: NOAA Contract No. 50-DGNF-5-00172
    Keywords: Bycatch ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
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