ALBERT

Description: The present study aims to valorize the apple peels (AP) and grape seeds (GS) by the fortification of the yogurts using their powder. Firstly, the optimization of the extraction parameters for assessing maximum of total phenolic content (TPC) was achieved. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental maximum yields of TPC were 19.33 ± 2.33 and 240.59 ± 4.77 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/100 g Dry Weight (DW) for AP and GS, respectively, which was in close agreement with predicted values (19.32 ± 0.91 and 242.26 ± 11.08 mg GAE/100 g DW for AP and GS, respectively). The antioxidant capacity of GS extract was better with IC50 of 12.22 ± 0.89 and 225.47 ± 7.10 µg/ml in DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays, respectively. Besides, powder from these by-products was incorporated into yogurt samples. The classification test revealed that the yogurt prepared with GS powder was the preferred one.

Description: Pa.ra.rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. pref. para-, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, a bacterial generic name; N.L. neut. n. Pararhodospirillum, resembling Rhodospirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Pararhodospirillum Pararhodospirillum species are spiral-shaped, mesophilic, and phototrophic freshwater bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family. Cells are motile by polar flagella, and photosynthetic pigments are located in internal photosynthetic membranes present as lamellar stacks. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. Ubiquinone-9 and rhodoquinone-9 are the major quinones. All species are sensitive to oxygen and require anoxic or microoxic conditions for growth. They grow photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Photoautotrophic growth, aerobic chemotrophic growth, and fermentative growth have not been demonstrated. Growth factors are required. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–65.8 (Bd and HPLC) and 64.7–67 (GA). Type species: Pararhodospirillum photometricum Lakshmi et al. 2014VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum photometricum Molisch 1907AL).

Description: Rho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n. rhodon, rose; L. fem. n. cista a basket; N.L. fem. n. Rhodocista, red basket. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / Rhodocista Rhodocista centenaria is a well-characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions, Rhodocista forms desiccation-, heat-, and UV-resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement. Rhodocista species grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS). Type species: Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenaria Kawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym: Rhodospirillum centenum Favinger et al. 1989, VL48).

Description: Rho.do.mi.cro' bi.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; Gr. masc. adj. micros small; Gr. masc. n. bios life; N.L. neut. n. Rhodomicrobium red microbe. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodomicrobium Most characteristic for Rhodomicrobium species is the polar cell growth and the characteristic vegetative growth cycle which includes the formation of peritrichously flagellated swarmer cells and nonmotile “mother cells,” which form prosthecae from one to several times the length of the mother cell. Daughter cells originate as spherical buds at the end of the prosthecae and may undergo differentiation in various ways. They are Gram-negative ovoid to elongate-ovoid bacteria belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria. Internal photosynthetic membranes are of the lamellar type. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The predominant cellular fatty acid is C18:1, which comprises more than 80% of the membrane-bound fatty acids. Ubiquinone and rhodoquinone with 10 isoprene units are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a glucosamine-containing, phosphate-free lipid A with amide-bound C16:0 3 OH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 61.8–63.8. Type species: Rhodomicrobium vannielii Duchow and Douglas 1949.

Description: Rho.do.pi'la. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; N.L. fem. n. pila a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n. Rhodopila red sphere. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rhodopila Rhodopila globiformis is one of the very few anaerobic phototrophic purple bacteria that can grow below pH 6 with an optimum depending on the organic carbon substrate from 4.8 to 5.6. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Cells are sensitive to oxygen but grow by respiration under microoxic conditions in the dark. Growth factors are required. They are acidophilic freshwater bacteria that inhabit acidic warm sulfur springs. Cells are spherical to ovoid, motile by means of polar flagella, and divide by binary fission. They stain Gram-negative and have internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type. Rhodopila is classified within the Acetobacteraceae family and Rhodospirillales order of the Alphaproteobacteria. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major fatty acids are C18:1 (∼75%) and C16:0. Ubiquinones, menaquinones, and rhodoquinones with 9 and 10 isoprene units are produced. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.1 (genome analysis). Type species: Rhodopila globiformis Imhoff et al. 1984VP (basonym: Rhodopseudomonas globiformis Pfennig 1974AL).

Description: Rho.do.pla'nes. Gr. neut. n. rhodon rose; Gr. masc. n. planos a wanderer; N.L. masc. n. Rhodoplanes a red wanderer. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodoplanes The genus Rhodoplanes accommodates species of anoxygenic facultative phototrophic bacteria that grow optimally under anaerobic conditions in the light. They belong to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae of the order Rhizobiales within the class Alphaproteobacteria. Cells are Gram-stain-negative rods and multiply by budding and asymmetric cell division. Motile by means of polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Photoorganotrophy with pyruvate and some other organic acids is the best mode of growth. Straight-chain, monounsaturated C18:1 ω7c is the main component of the cellular fatty acids and C16:0 is a second major component. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and RQ-10) are present. The main components of polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Terrestrial and freshwater bacteria having a preference for mesophilic to moderately thermophilic habitats and neutral pH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.2–70.4. Type species: Rhodoplanes roseus Hiraishi and Ueda 1994 (Rhodopseudomonas rosea Janssen and Harfoot 1991).

Description: Rho.do.pi'la. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; N.L. fem. n. pila a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n. Rhodopila red sphere. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rhodopila Rhodopila globiformis is one of the very few anaerobic phototrophic purple bacteria that can grow below pH 6 with an optimum depending on the organic carbon substrate from 4.8 to 5.6. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Cells are sensitive to oxygen but grow by respiration under microoxic conditions in the dark. Growth factors are required. They are acidophilic freshwater bacteria that inhabit acidic warm sulfur springs. Cells are spherical to ovoid, motile by means of polar flagella, and divide by binary fission. They stain Gram-negative and have internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type. Rhodopila is classified within the Acetobacteraceae family and Rhodospirillales order of the Alphaproteobacteria. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major fatty acids are C18:1 (∼75%) and C16:0. Ubiquinones, menaquinones, and rhodoquinones with 9 and 10 isoprene units are produced. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.1 (genome analysis). Type species: Rhodopila globiformis Imhoff et al. 1984VP (basonym: Rhodopseudomonas globiformis Pfennig 1974AL).

Description: Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Rhizobiales Hyphomicrobiaceae Blas.to.chlo'ris. Gr. masc. n. blastos bud shoot; Gr. masc. adj. chloros green; N.L. fem. n. Blastochloris green bud shoot. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Blastochloris Blastochloris species are anoxygenic phototrophic Alphaproteobacteria that have bacteriochlorophyll b in their photosynthetic reaction centers. Crystals of the photosynthetic reaction centers of Blastochloris viridis were the first that have been studied in high-resolution structure analysis at 3 Å resolution. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellae underlying and parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Cells are rod shaped to ovoid and exhibit polar growth, budding, and asymmetric cell division and form rosette-like cell aggregates. They are motile by means of subpolar flagella and stain Gram-negative. Straight-chain monounsaturated C18:1 is the predominant component of cellular fatty acids. Ubiquinones and menaquinones are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a 2,3-diamino-2,3-deoxy-d-glucose (DAG)-containing, phosphate-free lipid A with amide-bound C14:0 3OH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 63.8–68.3. Type species: Blastochloris viridis (Drews and Giesbrecht 1966) Hiraishi 1997 (Rhodopseudomonas viridis Drews and Giesbrecht 1966).

Description: Rho.do.mi.cro' bi.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; Gr. masc. adj. micros small; Gr. masc. n. bios life; N.L. neut. n. Rhodomicrobium red microbe. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodomicrobium Most characteristic for Rhodomicrobium species is the polar cell growth and the characteristic vegetative growth cycle which includes the formation of peritrichously flagellated swarmer cells and nonmotile “mother cells,” which form prosthecae from one to several times the length of the mother cell. Daughter cells originate as spherical buds at the end of the prosthecae and may undergo differentiation in various ways. They are Gram‐negative ovoid to elongate‐ovoid bacteria belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria. Internal photosynthetic membranes are of the lamellar type. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The predominant cellular fatty acid is C18:1, which comprises more than 80% of the membrane‐bound fatty acids. Ubiquinone and rhodoquinone with 10 isoprene units are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a glucosamine‐containing, phosphate‐free lipid A with amide‐bound C16:0 3 OH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 61.8–63.8. Type species: Rhodomicrobium vannielii Duchow and Douglas 1949.

Description: Rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. neut. n. rhodon, the rose; N.L. neut. n. Spirillum, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, the rose Spirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Rhodospirillum The genus Rhodospirillum has harbored a diverse set of spiral-shaped phototrophic bacteria, most of which have been reclassified as species of other genera, families, and even orders and phyla since the 1980s. The heterogeneity has been long known, but only the faith into sequence-based information gave strong support for taxonomic rearrangements. Currently, the genus Rhodospirillum contains a single species, which is characterized by spiral-shaped cells, motility by bipolar flagella, and internal membranes as vesicles. It performs anaerobic photosynthesis, which is restricted to anoxic light conditions due to the oxygen-sensitive biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and thus the phototrophic apparatus. It can grow photoheterotrophically as well as photoautotrophically. The key enzyme of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation in Rhodospirillum rubrum, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) type-II, is well characterized and forms a homodimer that is also encoded in some related genera of Rhodospirillaceae. Chemotrophic growth may also occur under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark and anaerobically by fermentation. The genus comprises mesophilic freshwater bacteria. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units and fatty acids typical of other Alphaproteobacteria with C18:1, C16:0, and C16:1 as major components are present. DNA G + C content (mol%): 64.6–65.7, type 65.4 (genome analysis), 63.8–65.8 (Bd). Type species: Rhodospirillum (Rsp.) rubrum Molisch 1907AL (basonym: Spirillum rubrum Esmarch 1887).

Description: Rho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n. rhodon, rose; L. fem. n. cista a basket; N.L. fem. n. Rhodocista, red basket. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / Rhodocista Rhodocista centenaria is a well-characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions, Rhodocista forms desiccation-, heat-, and UV-resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement. Rhodocista species grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS). Type species: Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenaria Kawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym: Rhodospirillum centenum Favinger et al. 1989, VL48).

Description: Rho.do.tha.las.si.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, type genus of the family; suff. -aceae, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Rhodothalassiaceae, the family of Rhodothalassium. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae Cells are vibrioid to spiral shaped, are motile by means of polar flagella, and multiply by binary fission. They belong to the class Alphaproteobacteria and stain Gram-negative. An unusual protein-rich cell wall with only low amounts of peptidoglycan may be present. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major ubiquinone and menaquinone components are Q-10 and MK-10. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light but also may be possible under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark. Obligately halophilic bacteria that require NaCl or sea salt for growth. Habitats are anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to light. At present, the family includes a single genus. DNA G + C content of the type species and genus (mol%): 68.5–69.0 (genome analysis), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC analysis). Type genus: Rhodothalassium Imhoff et al. 1998VP.

Description: Phae.o.spi.ril'lum. Gr. masc. adj. phaeos, brown; N.L. neut. n. Spirillum, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n. Phaeospirillum, brown Spirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Phaeospirillum Phaeospirillum species are vibrioid to spiral shaped and motile Alphaproteobacteria. They are strictly anaerobic and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria with a reaction center and light-harvesting complexes located in the internal membrane stacks formed at a sharp angle with the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a esterified with phytol and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. They have a photoheterotrophic metabolism and depend on anoxic conditions for biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and photosynthesis. The preferred carbon substrates are fatty acids including longer chains up to pelargonate. The longer chain fatty acids provide a selective advantage for several of the species. Chemotrophic growth may be possible at controlled and very low oxygen tensions (〈1.5 kPa) in the dark. Ammonia and dinitrogen serve as nitrogen sources. Assimilatory sulfate reduction is present. Growth factors may be required. Phaeospirillum species are mesophilic freshwater bacteria with a preference for neutral pH that live in stagnant and anoxic freshwater habitats. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.5–65.3 (Bd), 62.1–62.8 (Tm), 61.5–64.7 (WGS). Type species: Phaeospirillum (Phs.) fulvum Imhoff et al. 1998VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum fulvum van Niel 1944AL).

Description: Rho.do.tha.las.si.a'les. N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, type genus of the order; suff. -ales, ending denoting an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Rhodothalassiales, the Rhodothalassium order. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales The order currently comprises a single family and genus, which is characterized by halophilic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria having spiral-shaped cells and containing lamellar photosynthetic membranes. The properties of the order are determined by the characteristics of the Rhodothalassiaceae family.

Description: Rho.do.tha.las'si.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon, the rose; Gr. masc. adj. thalassios, belonging to the sea; N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, the rose belonging to the sea. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae / Rhodothalassium The genus Rhodothalassium is represented by a single species and is the only genus of the Rhodothalassiaceae family and Rhodothalassiales order. It is characterized by vibrioid- to spiral-shaped cells which multiply by binary fission and are motile by means of flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Ubiquinones and menaquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and MK-10) are present. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Most strains also grow chemoorganotrophically under oxic conditions in the dark. Rhodothalassium species are obligately halophilic, require NaCl or sea salt for growth, and live in anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to the light. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.5–69.0 (WGS), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC). Type species: Rhodothalassium salexigens Imhoff et al. 1998VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum salexigens Drews 1981, VL9).

Description: Rho.do.pla'nes. Gr. neut. n. rhodon rose; Gr. masc. n. planos a wanderer; N.L. masc. n. Rhodoplanes a red wanderer. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodoplanes The genus Rhodoplanes accommodates species of anoxygenic facultative phototrophic bacteria that grow optimally under anaerobic conditions in the light. They belong to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae of the order Rhizobiales within the class Alphaproteobacteria. Cells are Gram-stain-negative rods and multiply by budding and asymmetric cell division. Motile by means of polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Photoorganotrophy with pyruvate and some other organic acids is the best mode of growth. Straight-chain, monounsaturated C18:1 ω7c is the main component of the cellular fatty acids and C16:0 is a second major component. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and RQ-10) are present. The main components of polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Terrestrial and freshwater bacteria having a preference for mesophilic to moderately thermophilic habitats and neutral pH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.2–70.4. Type species: Rhodoplanes roseus Hiraishi and Ueda 1994 (Rhodopseudomonas rosea Janssen and Harfoot 1991).

Description: Pa.ra.rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. pref. para-, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, a bacterial generic name; N.L. neut. n. Pararhodospirillum, resembling Rhodospirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Pararhodospirillum Pararhodospirillum species are spiral-shaped, mesophilic, and phototrophic freshwater bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family. Cells are motile by polar flagella, and photosynthetic pigments are located in internal photosynthetic membranes present as lamellar stacks. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. Ubiquinone-9 and rhodoquinone-9 are the major quinones. All species are sensitive to oxygen and require anoxic or microoxic conditions for growth. They grow photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Photoautotrophic growth, aerobic chemotrophic growth, and fermentative growth have not been demonstrated. Growth factors are required. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–65.8 (Bd and HPLC) and 64.7–67 (GA). Type species: Pararhodospirillum photometricum Lakshmi et al. 2014VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum photometricum Molisch 1907AL).

Description: Ro.se.o.spi'ra. L. masc. adj. roseus, rosy; Gr. fem. n. spira, the spiral; N.L. fem. n. Roseospira the rosy spiral. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Roseospira Roseospira species are vibrioid to spiral shaped, anoxygenic, and phototrophic bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family that live in various types of marine and slightly saline habitats all over the world. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, and internal photosynthetic membranes are present as vesicles. They perform a phototrophic way of life using organic substrates (photoheterotrophic growth) or inorganic reduced sulfur compounds (photoautotrophic growth) as electron donors for photosynthesis. Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis depends on anoxic to microoxic conditions, and chemotrophic growth is possible under microoxic to oxic conditions in the light. Nitrogenase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase may be present. Vitamins or yeast extracts are required as growth factors. The G + C content of the DNA is 67.8–71.2 (GA), and the genome size ranges from 4.19 to 4.61 Mb. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.8–71.2 (GA) (type species 66.6 Tm). Type species: Roseospira mediosalina Imhoff et al. 1998VP (synonym: “Rhodospirillum mediosalinum” Kompantseva and Gorlenko 1984).

Description: 〈p〉The invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces has led to sharp rises in gas prices in Europe and around the world with real concerns about the possible curtailment of gas flows from Russia to Europe. Pipeline imports from Russia began falling in the last quarter of 2021 and declined even further in January and most […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/ukraine-invasion-what-this-means-for-the-european-gas-markets/"〉Ukraine Invasion: What This Means for the European Gas Market〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In late 2021, China experienced a severe electricity supply crisis that affected 20 provinces. Industrial activity was curtailed, and even households suffered prolonged outages in some areas. The country is no stranger to periodic energy supply shortages and in many outages in the past, the principal causes involved either poor policy coordination or a clash […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-forum-the-2021-energy-crisis-implications-for-chinas-energy-market-and-policies/"〉Oxford Energy Forum – The 2021 energy crisis: Implications for China’s energy market and policies – Issue 131〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, energy markets are in turmoil. Oil and gas prices are rising and exhibiting high volatility as the markets grapple with the impact of sanctions and the prospect of reduced flows from Russia . China is heavily exposed to Russian commodity exports and to global markets. The […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine-and-chinas-energy-markets/"〉The Russian invasion of Ukraine and China’s energy markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, James Henderson talks to Anouk Honoré about her forthcoming article “Demand-side factors behind the historical gas price rally in Europe in 2021”. This article is part of a trilogy entitled “A Series of Unfortunate Events” that analyses the main supply and demand factors in the European gas market(s) that contributed to rising gas prices since summer […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-a-series-of-unfortunate-events-demand-side-factors-in-the-european-gas-price-rally-in-2021/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – A Series of Unfortunate Events:​ Demand-Side Factors in the European Gas Price Rally ​in 2021〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Podcast-132-EU-Gas-Demand.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Podcast-132-EU-Gas-Demand.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples about their latest research on the possible impact of an interruption of Russian gas supplies to Europe. After a quick update on current gas prices Jack Sharples reviews the current state of gas supply to Europe, looking at flows in 2021 […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine-implications-for-the-european-gas-market/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – The Russian invasion of Ukraine – implications for the European gas market〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-135-The-Russian-invasion-of-Ukraine-–-implications-for-the-European-gas-market.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-135-The-Russian-invasion-of-Ukraine-–-implications-for-the-European-gas-market.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This month’s OIES Oil Monthly Special Issue assesses the implications of the Ukraine war on our short-term oil market outlook for market balances and prices to 2023. The analysis considers two scenarios. A Reference case in which self-sanctioning measures and obstacles in redirecting Russian crude flows due to financing and shipping constraints results in a […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-oil-monthly-issue-12/"〉OIES Oil Monthly – Special Issue 12〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This paper aims to examine consumer behaviour towards, and the willingness to adopt, ‘green steel’ in the automotive sector. Semi-structured interviews were held with experts from global, regional and country-specific industry associations and automakers. This paper appraises potential demand for green steel within different vehicle types (based both on size and powertrain) and shows that manufacturers […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/steeling-the-race-green-steel-as-the-new-clean-material-in-the-automotive-sector/"〉Steeling the race: ‘Green steel’ as the new clean material in the automotive sector〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast David Ledesma discusses the implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine for global oil markets with Bassam Fattouh, Director of OIES based on his latest paper: Russia-Ukraine crisis: Implications for global oil markets with Andreas Economou and Ahmed Mehdi. In this wide-ranging discussion, Bassam Fattouh discusses what the potential loss of Russian oil […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-russia-ukraine-crisis-implications-for-global-oil-markets/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Russia-Ukraine crisis – Implications for global oil markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-134-Russia-Ukraine-crisis-Implications-for-global-oil-markets.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-134-Russia-Ukraine-crisis-Implications-for-global-oil-markets.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In September-October 2021, China experienced a severe electricity supply crisis that impacted over twenty provinces, leading to industrial curtailment and residential supply cuts in some areas. In this podcast David Ledesma discusses the causes and implications of this supply crisis with Michal Meidan Director of the Gas Research Programme & the China Energy Research Programme […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-the-2021-energy-crisis-implications-for-chinas-energy-market-and-policies/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – The 2021 energy crisis: Implications for China’s energy market and policies〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-133-The-2021-energy-crisis-Implications-for-Chinas-energy-market-and-policies.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-133-The-2021-energy-crisis-Implications-for-Chinas-energy-market-and-policies.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This paper considers potential import routes for low-carbon and renewable hydrogen (H2) to main European markets like Germany. In particular, it analyses claims made by Hydrogen Europe and subsequently picked up by the European Commission in its Hydrogen Strategy that there will be 40GW of electrolyser capacity in nearby countries providing hydrogen imports to Europe […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/potential-development-of-renewable-hydrogen-imports-to-european-markets-until-2030/"〉Potential development of renewable hydrogen imports to European markets until 2030〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉After weeks of tensions, Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered Russian troops to invade Ukraine, prompting an international sanctions response targeting Russia’s economy but not directly its oil supplies or energy payments. But as sanctions on Russia intensified and as financial institutions started to refuse financing Russia-related transactions, including opening letters of credit or clearing payments […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russia-ukraine-crisis-implications-for-global-oil-markets/"〉Russia-Ukraine crisis: Implications for global oil markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The specter of climate change has impacted shareholder sentiment making many market participants evaluate their business models in accordance with Cop-26 pledges – looking for ways of winning the mandate for capital in a sustainable way. The most familiar approach to reducing carbon footprint is by creating ‘GHG-verified’ claims. Typically, these involve a verified account […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/ghg-verified-mechanisms-for-internationally-traded-crude-oil-and-possible-impact-on-oil-benchmarks/"〉GHG-verified mechanisms for internationally traded crude oil and possible impact on oil benchmarks〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Central banks worldwide are stepping up actions in relation to climate change and taking on an increasingly important role in supporting the energy transition. Given the prominent role that central banks play in the financial markets and in influencing financing conditions, they can act as a powerful catalyst in addressing climate change. But their involvement […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/central-banks-green-shift-and-the-energy-transition/"〉Central Banks’ ‘Green Shift’ and the Energy Transition〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉On 8 March 2022, the European Commission published the outline of a plan to make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels well before 2030, starting with gas, in light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The Commission noted that EU gas imports from Russia in 2021 (pipeline and LNG combined) totalled 155 billion cubic metres (bcm), […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-eu-plan-to-reduce-russian-gas-imports-by-two-thirds-by-the-end-of-2022-practical-realities-and-implications/"〉The EU plan to reduce Russian gas imports by two-thirds by the end of 2022: Practical realities and implications〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉On 17 March, Michal Meidan testified before the U.S.-China Economic & Security Review Commission on China’s Energy Plans and Practices. In her testimony, Michal discussed the outlook for China’s fossil fuel demand in China, the successes and challenges associated with fossil fuel supply and how this fits into the country’s low carbon energy transition. Michal […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/statement-before-the-u-s-china-economic-and-security-review-commission-policymaking-and-energy-supply-and-demand-in-chinas-domestic-economy/"〉Statement before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission: Policymaking and Energy Supply and Demand in China’s Domestic Economy〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In 2021, China experienced several episodes of power shortages and outages, heightening already existing concerns about energy security. In response, the government instituted a rapid succession of market reforms and other regulatory changes, which have pushed the majority of power users into the power market and also allowed for a wider range of electricity prices. […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-chinas-power-market-reforms-in-an-age-of-insecurity/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – China’s power market reforms in an age of insecurity〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-136-–-Chinas-power-market-reforms-in-an-age-of-insecurity.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-136-–-Chinas-power-market-reforms-in-an-age-of-insecurity.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The dramatic rise in European, and indeed in global, gas prices over the summer of 2021, leading to unprecedented prices in Q4, has been the subject of much debate. Is it simply a market reflection of stronger than expected demand and weaker than expected supplies? Or is it a step change in the context of […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/a-series-of-unfortunate-events-explaining-european-gas-prices-in-2021-the-role-of-the-traded-gas-hubs/"〉A Series of Unfortunate Events – Explaining European Gas Prices in 2021: The role of the traded gas hubs〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Anouk Honoré and Jack Sharples about the EU plan to diversify gas imports away from Russia in 2022. They discuss the latest strategy published by the European Commission on March 8, which addresses both the supply and demand-side options. The podcast considers the potential to import an […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-eu-plans-to-reduce-russian-gas-imports/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – EU plans to reduce Russian gas imports〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-137-EU-plans-to-reduce-Russian-gas-imports-.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-137-EU-plans-to-reduce-Russian-gas-imports-.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉India has been implementing climate actions since 2001, when it was one of very few countries to pass an Energy Conservation Act, followed by an industrial emissions trading scheme to force large manufacturing companies to become more energy efficient. A National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) was passed in 2008, and included relatively modest […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/indias-progress-on-its-climate-action-plan-an-update-in-early-2022/"〉India’s Progress on its Climate Action Plan – An Update in Early 2022〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has catalysed a chorus of dismay and outrage from western companies with investments in Russia and has led some to announce their withdrawal from the country. Furthermore, it has also caused the US and the EU to impose sanctions on individuals and companies involved in the energy sector and to announce […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/thoughts-on-the-impact-of-foreign-companies-exiting-the-russian-oil-and-gas-industry/"〉Thoughts on the impact of foreign companies exiting the Russian oil and gas industry〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉On February 4 2022 China’s President Xi Jinping and Russia’s President Vladimir Putin signed a series of new oil and gas contracts including an additional 10 bcma gas pipeline deal. This comment reviews how the new gas deal between Russia and China fits into their strategies, highlights the key implications of expanded gas cooperation between […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russia-and-china-expand-their-gas-deal-key-implications/"〉Russia and China Expand Their Gas Deal: Key Implications〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This new OIES presentation features a comprehensive empirical assessment of the implications of the Ukraine war on oil price and supply/demand dynamics via a number of forecast scenarios examining the size of disruption in Russian supplies, OPEC and non-OPEC supply response, the impact of the latest US announcement of SPR release and other uncertainty scenarios. […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-and-global-oil-market-scenarios/"〉Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and global oil market scenarios〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Brent is the world’s most important crude oil benchmark. Arguably, it is responsible for pricing almost seventy percent of globally traded crude oil and long-term LNG. Over time however, the falling production of Brent has forced the price reporting agencies (PRAs) to introduce new grades in the ‘basket’ of crudes eligible for delivery as ‘Brent’ […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-future-of-the-brent-oil-benchmark-a-radical-makeover/"〉The Future of the Brent Oil Benchmark: A Radical Makeover〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this first of a new series of podcasts, OIES presents a regular review of the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on energy markets. James Henderson interviews Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples on the drivers of current price dynamics, the situation with Russian gas flows to Europe, the availability of LNG supply to Europe and […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-series-russia-ukraine-conflict-impact-on-energy-markets/"〉OIES Podcast Series: Russia-Ukraine War – Impact on Energy Markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OIES-Podcast-Series-Russia-Ukraine-Conflict-–-Impact-on-Energy-Markets-1.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OIES-Podcast-Series-Russia-Ukraine-Conflict-–-Impact-on-Energy-Markets-1.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉On 31 March 2022, President Putin signed a Decree on the Special Procedure for the Fulfilment by Foreign Buyers of Obligations to Russian Natural Gas Suppliers, which, in essence, requires buyers from ‘unfriendly’ countries to pay in roubles for gas delivered to them after 1 April 2022. The key objective of this comment is to discuss […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/rouble-gas-payment-mechanism-implications-for-gas-supply-contracts/"〉Rouble gas payment mechanism: implications for gas supply contracts〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The gas market in Europe is in a state of real uncertainty as to whether Russia will cut off gas supplies to Europe, or whether the EU should sanction imports of gas on the grounds that their payments are fuelling the Russian war machine in Ukraine. The current situation of uncertainty and not knowing whether […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russian-gas-to-the-eu-to-sanction-or-not-to-sanction/"〉Russian gas to the EU: to sanction or not to sanction〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This month’s Special Issue continues to assess the implications of the Ukraine war on our short-term oil market outlook for supply/demand and price dynamics to 2023, featuring the first detailed assessment of the impacts on OECD products demand. The analysis considers two principal scenarios. A Reference case in which self-sanctioning measures and obstacles in redirecting Russian crude and petroleum […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-oil-monthly-issue-13/"〉OIES Oil Monthly – Issue 13〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast we continue our weekly updates of the impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on energy markets. This week we review the significant increase in global LNG supply and its availability to the European market, while also considering the other sources of non-Russian supply. We also review the flows […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-series-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-2/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 2〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OIES-Podcast-Series-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-2.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OIES-Podcast-Series-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-2.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Brent is the world’s most important crude oil benchmark. However, the falling production of Brent has forced the price reporting agencies to introduce new grades in the ‘basket’ of crudes eligible for delivery as ‘Brent’ and widen the loading dates that can be used in their assessments. Brent has become just a brand name in […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-the-future-of-the-brent-oil-benchmark-a-radical-makeover/"〉OIES Podcast – The Future of the Brent Oil Benchmark: A Radical Makeover〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-140-Future-of-the-Brent-Benchmark.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-140-Future-of-the-Brent-Benchmark.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Green Bonds have experienced a massive growth in the recent years and have received growing attention following the Paris Agreement. In this podcast David Ledesma talks to Andrea Maino, Research Fellow at the OIES, about his recent paper “Financing the Energy Transition: The Role, Opportunities and Challenges of Green Bonds” that was published by the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-financing-the-energy-transition-the-role-opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-bonds/"〉OIES Podcast – Financing the Energy Transition: The Role, Opportunities and Challenges of Green Bonds〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-138-Financing-the-Energy-Transition-The-Role-Opportunities-and-Challenges-of-Green-Bonds.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-138-Financing-the-Energy-Transition-The-Role-Opportunities-and-Challenges-of-Green-Bonds.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, David Ledesma talks to Martin Lambert, Head of OIES Hydrogen Research, about the key messages from the recent European Hydrogen Conference and how they fit with the ongoing research in OIES.   In particular, they cover the heightened energy security concerns following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and hydrogen ambitions in the REPowerEU […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-energy-podcast-hydrogen-current-challenges-in-creating-viable-business-cases/"〉OIES Podcast – Hydrogen: Current challenges in creating viable business cases〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-142-Hydrogen-Challenges-creating-viable-business-cases.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-142-Hydrogen-Challenges-creating-viable-business-cases.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this third of our series on the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on energy markets James Henderson talks to Bassam Fattouh about the impact of a potential Russian oil embargo on oil supply, demand and prices. Dr Fattouh outlines the conclusions from the latest OIES Oil Monthly, which analyses a number of scenarios for […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-3-oil-market-focus/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 3 – Oil Market Focus〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-143-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-3-Oil-Market-Focus.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-143-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-3-Oil-Market-Focus.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast we continue our weekly updates of the impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on energy markets. This week James Henderson, Jack Sharples and Mike Fulwood review continuing flows of Russian gas to Europe, despite the threat of an embargo. We note the increase in volumes since the invasion […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-4/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 4〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-145-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-4.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-145-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-4.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Here you will find the pre-read for session 4 of the April 2022 Sponsors’ Meeting. Session 4 – Gas Sponsors Meeting April 2022〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/pre-read-session-4-energy-transition-scenarios-and-impacts-on-natural-gas/"〉Pre-read Session 4 – Energy Transition Scenarios and Impacts on Natural Gas〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The strong increase in Turkish demand and the call on Russian pipeline flows, in the context of tight European markets in late 2021 and the high price environment in 2022, raises questions about the outlook for 2022. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Europe’s anticipated need for higher LNG imports, markets are eyeing with […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/turkeys-supply-demand-balance-and-renewal-of-its-ltcs/"〉Turkey’s supply-demand balance and renewal of its LTCs〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this OIES podcast David Ledesma talks to Michal Meidan about China’s recently published energy five-year plans and how they align with the country’s near-term priorities. David and Michal discuss the macroeconomic outlook in China and the implications of the zero-tolerance approach to COVID for oil and gas demand, as well as how the Russian […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-chinas-energy-plans-and-macroeconomic-realities/"〉OIES Podcast – China’s energy plans and macroeconomic realities?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-144-Chinas-energy-plans-and-macroeconomic-realities.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-144-Chinas-energy-plans-and-macroeconomic-realities.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉India has taken on the unique challenge of trying to decarbonize while also growing its economy at 8-9% per annum. This is the required growth rate in order to meet the aspirations of its people related to decent employment, reliable economic growth, and improved standards of living. If you’ve heard the expression “trying to change […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-indias-progress-on-its-climate-action-plan/"〉OIES Podcast – India’s Progress on its Climate Action Plan〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-146-Indias-Progress-on-its-Climate-Action-Plan.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-146-Indias-Progress-on-its-Climate-Action-Plan.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This new OIES presentation features our initial empirical assessment of the implications of the proposed EU ban on Russian oil for supply/demand and price dynamics to 2023. Although the degree of uncertainty surrounding the actual size of Russian supply disruptions remains high, March 2022 data show a very small m/m disruption of less than 1% […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/implication-of-the-proposed-eu-ban-of-russian-oil-for-global-oil-markets/"〉Implication of the proposed EU ban of Russian oil for global oil markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast, we continue our weekly updates of the impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on energy markets. This week James Henderson, Jack Sharples and Mike Fulwood discuss the recent cancelation of the Russian gas export contracts with Poland and Bulgaria and the implications for the European gas market. They […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-5/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 5〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-147-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-5.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-147-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-5.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This new OIES presentation raises some key questions: How are oil markets coping with the shock so far? What types of trade patterns and trading practices are emerging? Will these shifts be permanent? Russian invasion has raised the ambition for an accelerated energy transition away from hydrocarbons (at least in Europe). Does the Russian invasion […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-new-oil-order/"〉Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: New Oil Order?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉As infrastructures that connect the energy source with the energy use, energy networks constitute a crucial element of national and global energy systems. They also play a key role in helping with balancing supply and demand, thus ensuring that energy is not only available in the right places but also at the right time. Energy […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/energy-networks-in-the-energy-transition-era/"〉Energy Networks in the Energy Transition Era〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉On 21 April 2022, the European Commission published its guidance for EU Member States and their gas buyers on the Russian Presidential decree, which requested payment for Russian (pipeline) gas, delivered after 1 April 2022, in rubles. The decree and its implications for gas supply contracts have been analysed in a previous OIES publication. This comment […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-ec-guidance-on-the-russian-gas-for-rubles-decree-all-things-to-all-people/"〉The EC guidance on the Russian ‘gas for rubles’ decree: all things to all people?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES Podcast, David Ledesma is joined by Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples to discuss the latest trends on the European gas market. We begin with the latest pricing developments, with day-ahead prices in NW Europe declining slightly, while remaining above 90 EUR/MWh. On the supply side, it was noted that in the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-6/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 6〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PODCAST-148-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-6-.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PODCAST-148-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-6-.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The completion of the Article 6 rulebook of the Paris Agreement is a necessary step towards building a robust framework in which participants can use collaborative approaches and a market-based mechanism to promote climate and sustainable development goals. There is widespread expectation that the Article 6 rulebook will create the conditions for effective and robust […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/article-6-and-voluntary-carbon-markets/"〉Article 6 and Voluntary Carbon Markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast David Ledesma talks to Gulmira Rzayeva, Senior Visiting Research Fellow about Turkey’s unprecedented demand surge in 2021. Despite well developed natural gas import capacity and diverse supply sources, security of supply became a major issue for the country during the summer of 2021 and the winter of 2021/2022. At the same time, […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-turkeys-gas-supply-demand-balance-and-renewal-of-its-long-term-contracts/"〉OIES Podcast – Turkey’s gas supply-demand balance and renewal of its long-term contracts〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-149-Turkeys-gas-supply-demand-balance-and-renewal-of-its-long-term-contracts.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-149-Turkeys-gas-supply-demand-balance-and-renewal-of-its-long-term-contracts.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The new issue of OIES Oil Monthly, including our latest short-term oil market outlook to 2023, is now available. – The disruption in Russian supplies intensified in April with an estimated loss of 1 mb/d of production m/m. We now expect Russian oil production shut ins to average between 1.6 mb/d and 3 mb/d in […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oil-monthly-issue-14/"〉Oil Monthly – Issue 14〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, global energy markets have tightened with prices of oil and gas surging. At the same time, Chinese oil and gas demand has been relatively weak, raising questions about the impact of high prices on China’s appetite for imported oil and gas. This comment argues that China’s weakening economy, due […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/chinas-diminished-appetite-for-imported-oil-and-gas-is-the-price-not-right/"〉China’s diminished appetite for imported oil and gas: is the price not right?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The cement industry is responsible for seven per cent of global industrial greenhouse gas emissions. Despite all the environmental techniques adopted by the industry, clinker production is, and will be, associated with significant amounts of CO2 emissions due to the calcination process. In contrast to other energy-intensive industries, emissions caused by fuel consumption do not […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-role-of-ccus-in-decarbonizing-the-cement-industry-a-german-case-study/"〉The role of CCUS in decarbonizing the cement industry: A German case study〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast – the seventh in our series on the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the European gas market – we continue our analysis of ongoing developments in European gas supply, namely pipeline and LNG imports. With LNG imports at record levels in recent months, and non-Russian pipeline imports […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-7/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 7〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PODCAST-151-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-7.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PODCAST-151-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-7.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Energy networks are infrastructures that transfer energy from the production source to the consumers’ premises. They constitute various forms of technologies ranging from established networks, such as electricity and natural gas, to emerging grids, such as hydrogen, heating, and cooling. The net-zero carbon target will result in a significant change in energy systems with important […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-energy-networks-in-the-energy-transition-era/"〉OIES Podcast – Energy Networks in the Energy Transition Era〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-150-Energy-Networks-in-the-Energy-Transition-Era.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-150-Energy-Networks-in-the-Energy-Transition-Era.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Since our previous edition of the Quarterly Gas Review, the Russian build-up of troops around Ukraine’s border has erupted into a full-scale invasion. European gas prices, which were already high, surged. In response to the invasion, the European Commission and various European governments announced their intention to reduce dependency on Russian gas imports. In response, […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/quarterly-gas-review-short-and-medium-term-outlook-for-gas-markets/"〉Quarterly Gas Review: Short- and Medium-Term Outlook for Gas Markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson and Mike Fulwood discuss the latest consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on energy markets. They consider the impact of the latest cut-offs of supply to Finland, Denmark and the Netherlands and discuss recent price movements in Europe and the UK, as well as the growing differential between […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-8/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 8〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-8.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-8.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this webinar co-authors Rahmat Poudineh, Christine Brandstätt and Farhad Billimoria discuss the key insights from their recent book, “Electricity distribution networks in the decentralisation era: re-thinking economics and regulation”. They are joined by two eminent discussants: Professor Pierluigi Mancarella, University of Melbourne, and Professor Michael Pollitt, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. The book […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/electricity-distribution-networks-in-the-decentralisation-era-re-thinking-economics-and-regulation/"〉Electricity distribution networks in the decentralisation era: re-thinking economics and regulation〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This article examines the demand response to the high gas prices in the European gas market, reviewing the main factors in 2021 and in the first four months of 2022. It concludes that, in 2021, high gas prices appear to have had a limited impact on demand, while other factors played a more important role […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/demand-response-to-high-gas-prices-in-europe-in-2021-and-early-2022/"〉Demand response to high gas prices in Europe in 2021 and early 2022〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Europe is not just in a race to meet its medium- and long-term climate targets and to enable the energy transition. For geopolitical and energy security reasons, it is now also in a race to end its dependence on imports of Russian oil, refined products and gas imports as quickly as possible. As a result […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/european-union-offshore-wind-strategy/"〉European Union Offshore Wind Strategy〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast James Henderson talks to Mohua Mukherjee, Senior Research Fellow at the OIES talk about the electric mobility market in India, with a particular focus on the “budget” end. The podcast highlights the difference between large energy transition assets such as solar parks, wind farms and geothermal projects on the one hand, and […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-indias-mass-market-clean-mobility-initiatives-and-its-unique-customized-business-models-for-light-electric-vehicles/"〉OIES Podcast – India’s Mass-Market Clean Mobility Initiatives and its Unique, Customized Business Models for Light Electric Vehicles〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-152-Indias-Mass-Market-Clean-Mobility-Initiatives-and-its-Unique-Cust.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-152-Indias-Mass-Market-Clean-Mobility-Initiatives-and-its-Unique-Cust.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This new OIES presentation assesses the implications of the tightening sanctions on Russian oil for crude and product markets, as well as the short-term oil market outlook in terms of supply/demand and price dynamics. Some key points: The immediate restrictions on Russian crude and products flows remain driven by self- sanctioning. But the EU’s recently […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-and-oil-market-dynamics/"〉Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and oil market dynamics〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The new issue of OIES Oil Monthly, including our latest short-term oil market outlook to 2023, is now available. – EU’s recently agreed embargo on Russian oil has led us to revise upwards our reference case of the expected disruptions in Russian oil production by year-end to 2.6 mb/d from 1.6 mb/d previously. Our reference […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-oil-monthly-issue-15/"〉OIES Oil Monthly – Issue 15〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Africa to date has primarily been a natural gas exporting continent. It has been a source of natural gas supplies to the rest of the world for almost sixty years. But African LNG exporting sources are limited to a few subregions of Africa. Most African countries are far from being endowed with large proven natural […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/africas-lng-import-prospects-in-an-era-of-high-volatility-and-uncertainties/"〉Africa’s LNG import prospects in an era of high volatility and uncertainties〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast on the impact of the Russia Ukraine War on Energy Markets James Henderson talks to Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples about their views on the gas market and also discusses the European demand response in more detail with Anouk Honore. Jack provides an update on European storage injections and how […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-9/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 9〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-155-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-9.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-155-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-9.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Robin Baker and Philippe Benoit about their upcoming paper “How Project Finance Can Advance the Clean Energy Transition in Developing Countries.” The authors discuss how the huge investment needed in developing countries to meet climate change targets is becoming a critical issue, and that although significant […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-green-energy-finance-in-the-developing-world/"〉OIES Podcast – Green energy finance in the developing world〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PODCAST-154-Green-energy-finance-in-the-developing-world.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PODCAST-154-Green-energy-finance-in-the-developing-world.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Martin Lambert and Ali Abdelshafy about their recent paper entitled “The Role of CCUS in Decarbonising the Cement Industry: a German case study.” The authors discuss why CCUS is so important in the cement industry, and having outlined the general process of carbon capture and storage […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-the-role-of-ccus-in-decarbonising-the-cement-industry/"〉OIES Podcast – The Role of CCUS in Decarbonising the Cement Industry〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PODCAST-156-The-Role-of-CCUS-in-Decarbonising-the-Cement-Industry.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PODCAST-156-The-Role-of-CCUS-in-Decarbonising-the-Cement-Industry.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson discusses the latest developments in Russian gas flows to Europe with Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples following some dramatic rises in the European gas price catalysed by a reduction in volumes arriving through Nord Stream 1. The team review the key reasons for the reduction in activity on […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-10/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 10〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-157-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-10.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-157-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-10.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉To date, China has built 169 national high-tech industrial development zones (HTIDZs) across the country aimed at adjusting its industrial structure and enhancing innovation. These national HTIDZs share comparable preferential policies set by the national government but are established in regions with vastly different local socio-economic contexts. Therefore, the ability of these zones to drive […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/do-chinas-industrial-clusters-increase-energy-efficiency/"〉Do China’s Industrial Clusters Increase Energy Efficiency?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Climate science confirms the imperative to maintain global temperatures under 2°C and undertake efforts to limit the rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels in order to avert extreme climate hazards. This requires that global annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are halved by 2030 and reduced to net zero by 2050. Against this background, policymakers have […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/new-oxford-energy-forum-the-evolution-of-carbon-markets-and-their-role-in-climate-mitigation-and-sustainable-development-issue-132/"〉New Oxford Energy Forum – The Evolution of Carbon Markets and their Role in Climate Mitigation and Sustainable Development – Issue 132〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, David Ledesma talks to Michal Meidan, Director of the Gas and China Research Programmes at the OIES, and Byford Tsang who is Senior Policy Advisor at E3G’s Climate Diplomacy team about China’s climate policies and the extent to which China’s 2021 energy crisis and the market turmoil following the Russian invasion of […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-will-chinas-power-crunch-shift-its-climate-policy/"〉OIES Podcast – Will China’s Power Crunch Shift its Climate Policy?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-158-Will-Chinas-Power-Crunch-Shift-its-climate-policy.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-158-Will-Chinas-Power-Crunch-Shift-its-climate-policy.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The present German energy policy is focussed on further increase of renewable capacity and power consumption to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2045 while maintaining security of energy supply.  The planned pace of the rollout of renewables looks ambitious but feasible and could result in phasing out substantial volumes of unabated coal-fired power production […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/achieving-net-zero-plus-reliable-energy-supply-in-germany-by-2045-the-essential-role-of-co2-sequestration/"〉Achieving net zero plus reliable energy supply in Germany by 2045: the essential role of CO2 sequestration〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Like any other storage asset, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) represents an option on time. It allows inventories to be shifted forward, providing short-term relief to the market when the demand for a commodity exceeds its supply. The inventory replenishment at a later time implies carrying a short position in the forward market. In the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-spr-strategies-risk-free-return-or-return-free-risk/"〉The Strategic Petroleum Reserve Strategies: Risk-Free Return or Return-Free Risk?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this extended podcast, David Ledesma discusses with James Henderson the key themes and messages from the inaugural Energy Transition days that were held in Oxford, and livestreamed, on 21-22 June 2022. The overall theme was the dichotomy between the environmental goals which must be met in the long-term if climate and temperature targets are to […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-key-themes-and-messages-from-the-inaugural-oies-energy-transition-event/"〉OIES Podcast – Key themes and messages from the inaugural OIES Energy Transition event〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-159-Key-themes-and-messages-from-the-inaugural-OIES-Energy-Transition-event-.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-159-Key-themes-and-messages-from-the-inaugural-OIES-Energy-Transition-event-.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The May 18 documents from the EU (REPowerEU) suggested that Russia pipe imports to the EU could fall by 70 bcm this year. With Nordstream flows being at 40 percent of capacity ostensibly due to compressor issues, a 70 bcm reduction looks to be a possible outcome if flows don’t recover after the annual Nordstream […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/repowereu-and-the-short-term-outlook-for-the-european-gas-market/"〉REPowerEU and the Short-Term Outlook for the European Gas Market〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson talks with Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples about the current state of gas markets in the light of the Russia-Ukraine War. They discuss the recent research paper published by OIES entitled REPower EU and the Short-Term Outlook for the European Gas Market, which explores the impact of gas […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-11/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 11〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-161-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-11.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-161-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-11.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The new issue of OIES Oil Monthly, including our latest short-term oil market outlook to 2023, is now available. – The recovery in Russian output and refining activity in May/June has led us to revise down the size of the expected disruptions in Russian oil production by year-end to 1.8 mb/d from 2.6 mb/d previously […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-oil-monthly-issue-16/"〉OIES Oil Monthly – Issue 16〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, Malcolm Keay and David Robinson, Senior Research Fellows of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, discuss with David Ledesma two issues central to the energy transition: the need for fundamental structural reform of electricity markets and new approaches to energy networks. They explain how the penetration of intermittent renewables has changed the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-key-themes-and-messages-from-the-oies-electricity-energy-transition-event/"〉OIES Podcast – Key themes and messages from the OIES Electricity Energy Transition event〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Podcast-160-Key-themes-and-messages-that-came-from-the-OIES-Electricity-Ener.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Podcast-160-Key-themes-and-messages-that-came-from-the-OIES-Electricity-Ener.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The consequences of the on-going war in Ukraine continue to be a key topic of interest and concern for politicians, international organizations, journalists, and researchers. Following the decision of the European Union (EU) to significantly reduce its reliance on Russian gas supplies as formulated in its REPowerEU plan, non-Russian sources of gas imports have quickly […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/african-gas-supplies-to-europe-between-hopes-and-hard-realities/"〉African gas supplies to Europe: between hopes and hard realities〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉A sharp decline in gas flows on Nord Stream to Europe began on June 14, following the news that a gas turbine was “stuck” in Canada for maintenance as a result of western sanctions on Russia, and because further compressors at the Portovaya compressor station were also taken offline. There has been much commentary that […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-curious-incident-of-the-nord-stream-gas-turbine/"〉The Curious Incident of the Nord Stream Gas Turbine〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest edition of the OIES podcast series James Henderson discusses the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on oil markets with Bassam Fattouh, the Director of OIES. The podcast opens with a general discussion about the current state of the oil market, addressing both demand and supply issues and assessing the impact of high […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-12/"〉OIES Podcast – OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 12〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/OIES-Podcast-–-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-12.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/OIES-Podcast-–-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-12.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: The availability of dissolved iron (dFe) exerts an important control on primary production. Recent ocean observation programs have provided information on dFe in many parts of the ocean, but knowledge is still limited concerning the rates of processes that control the concentrations and cycling of dFe in the ocean and hence the role of dFe as a determinant of global primary production. We constructed a three-dimensional gridded dataset of oceanic dFe concentrations by using both observations and a simple model of the iron cycle, and estimated the difference of processes among the ocean basins in controlling the dFe distributions. A Green's function approach was used to integrate the observations and the model. The reproduced three-dimensional dFe distribution indicated that iron influx from aeolian dust and from shelf sediment were 7.6 Gmol yr and 4.4 Gmol yr in the Atlantic Ocean and 0.4 Gmol yr and 4.1 Gmol yr in the Pacific Ocean. The residence times were estimated to be 12.2 years in the Atlantic and 80.4 years in the Pacific. These estimates imply large differences in the cycling of dFe between the two ocean basins that would need to be taken into consideration when projecting future iron biogeochemical cycling under different climate change scenarios. Although there is some uncertainty in our estimates, global estimates of iron cycle characteristics based on this approach can be expected to enhance our understanding of the material cycle and hence of the current and future rates of marine primary production.

Description: 〈p〉On 8 March 2022, the European Commission published its communication “Joint European Action for more affordable, secure and sustainable energy”, referred to as “REPowerEU”.  The communication was in immediate reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and had the objective to “make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels well before 2030”.  On […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/repowereu-can-renewable-gas-help-reduce-russian-gas-imports-by-2030/"〉RePowerEU: Can Renewable Gas help reduce Russian gas imports by 2030?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Following a number of requests, this latest OIES podcast covers the topic of the Indian oil market and more specifically the purchase by Indian refiners of discounted Russian crude following the decision of many western companies and countries to avoid Russia’s oil exports. James Henderson interviews Mohua Mukherjee about her thoughts on the current situation […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-the-indian-oil-market-and-purchases-of-cheap-russian-crude/"〉OIES Podcast – The Indian oil market and purchases of cheap Russian crude〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-164-the-Indian-oil-market-and-purchases-of-cheap-Russian-crude.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-164-the-Indian-oil-market-and-purchases-of-cheap-Russian-crude.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The introduction of the WTI Midland crude oil into the ‘Brent’ benchmark has caused a fair amount of controversy, debate, and argument, but the industry seems to be gradually reaching a consensus regarding the broad format of the new benchmark: Brent assessment will remain as if it was a ‘Free on Board’ (FOB) basis, despite […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-brent-benchmark-where-do-we-stand/"〉The Brent Benchmark – Where Do We Stand?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson interviews Jack Sharples, Mike Fulwood and Katja Yafimava about their latest OIES Energy Comment “The curious incident of the Nord Stream gas turbine” in which they discuss the recent reductions in gas flows via the Nord Stream 1 pipeline. The podcast reviews the history of Nord Stream 1 […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-13-issues-with-gas-flows-via-nord-stream/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 13 – Issues with gas flows via Nord Stream〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Podcast-163-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-13.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Podcast-163-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-13.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The original TEN-E Regulation, adopted in 2013, established the regulatory framework for the development of cross-border energy infrastructure within the EU. Following the publication of the EU Green Deal in 2019, the EC proposed to revise the Regulation to facilitate the access of renewable and low carbon gases to the energy system by enabling hydrogen […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-ten-e-regulation-allowing-a-role-for-decarbonised-gas/"〉The TEN-E Regulation: allowing a role for decarbonised gas〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉