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  • INGV  (56)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2020-2023  (69)
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  • 1
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    Telerilevamento di vibrazioni delle strutture tramite telesensore infrasonico (2022)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-06
    Description: Nell’ambito del progetto EDISECUR, finanziato della regione Lazio, è stato sviluppato un prototipo di telesensore infrasonico, TIS, a tracciamento di speckle per la misura della velocità angolare, delle frequenze fondamentali e delle armoniche di una superficie sottoposta a oscillazioni. Il TIS si presta particolarmente per il rilevamento e il monitoraggio nel tempo degli edifici, ponti e altri manufatti. Conoscere lo stato vibrazionale di queste strutture può essere d’interesse sia per la loro caratterizzazione dinamica che per la sicurezza. Questo prototipo, sufficientemente compatto, si presta a una misura immediata della velocità angolare e, con semplici operazioni, si possono dedurre spostamenti e accelerazioni angolari. Dalle grandezze angolari e dalla conoscenza geometrica della superficie, tramite alcuni schemi ed esempi, si mostra come sia possibile determinare anche altri parametri cinematici lineari. Il telesensore può essere impiegato nelle misure delle vibrazioni di superfici a lunga distanza di varia natura, anche laddove non fosse possibile accedere per eseguire una misura diretta. Lo strumento copre un campo di frequenze fino alle decine di Hz, ha una sensibilità e una dinamica tale da rilevare le vibrazioni indotte dal rumore industriale, dal traffico, dal vento e altro. Questo lavoro è principalmente rivolto alle applicazioni del TIS nel rilevamento delle vibrazioni delle strutture ed è in questo ambito che vengono spiegate le modalità, i limiti e i vantaggi del suo impiego insieme agli errori insiti nella tecnica di misura. Dato che il TIS misura un movimento relativo tra lo stesso strumento e la superficiebersaglio, sono stati valutati gli errori delle vibrazioni dovute alla microsismicità e altre cause ambientali. Vengono infine riportati due preliminari esempi di misura su una struttura edile.
    Description: Regione Lazio, progetto EDISECUR
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-36
    Description: 7TM.Sviluppo e Trasferimento Tecnologico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Remote Sensor ; Vibration Detector
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Bollettino Sismico Italiano 2015 (2022)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-11
    Description: L’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) riceve, nella Sala di Sorveglianza Sismica e Centro Allerta Tsunami di Roma, i segnali in tempo reale da centinaia di stazioni sismiche distribuite sul territorio nazionale. Entro due minuti dall’occorrenza di un qualsiasi terremoto, appositi sistemi automatici forniscono una prima valutazione dei parametri ipocentrali. Due sismologi, sempre presenti nella sala operativa della sede centrale, controllano le informazioni ottenute e, per i terremoti sopra una determinata soglia di magnitudo (ML ≥ 2.5), comunicano alla Sala Situazione Italia della Protezione Civile i dati elaborati, in media in circa 12 minuti (massimo entro 30 minuti) [Margheriti et al., 2021]. La valutazione definitiva dei parametri ipocentrali di tutti i terremoti, dai più grandi avvertiti in vaste aree del territorio ai più piccoli rilevati solo da pochi strumenti, è demandata a un’analisi più accurata svolta in un secondo tempo, ormai da alcuni decenni, da un gruppo di analisti specializzati nell’interpretazione dei segnali sismici. Gli analisti sismologi del Bollettino Sismico Italiano revisionano tutti i dati registrati dalle stazioni della Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN) dell’INGV e riconoscono la presenza di terremoti attraverso un’analisi diretta delle forme d’onda. In tal modo l’analista rileva il tempo d’arrivo delle onde sismiche ai vari sensori e valuta l’ampiezza delle oscillazioni e la direzione del moto del suolo; questi parametri, utilizzati da apposite procedure di calcolo, consentono di localizzare ogni terremoto e di valutare la magnitudo associata. Le informazioni così ottenute confluiscono nel database che l’INGV gestisce e che mette a disposizione della comunità1. Questa pubblicazione ha come scopo quello di far conoscere un prodotto dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Il Bollettino Sismico Italiano (BSI), con particolare riferimento all’anno 2015. Saranno delineate le principali caratteristiche della sismicità naturale e quella di origine antropica registrata in Italia nel corso dell’anno esaminato.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-48
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Bollettino Sismico Italiano 2015 ; Italian Seismic Bulletin 2015 ; sequences and seismic swarms ; explosion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    How to Find Aquifer Statistics Utilizing Pumping Tests? Two Field Studies Using welltestpy (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: We present a workflow to estimate geostatistical aquifer parameters from pumping test data using the Python package welltestpy. The procedure of pumping test analysis is exemplified for two data sets from the Horkheimer Insel site and from the Lauswiesen site, Germany. The analysis is based on a semi‐analytical drawdown solution from the upscaling approach Radial Coarse Graining, which enables to infer log‐transmissivity variance and horizontal correlation length, beside mean transmissivity, and storativity, from pumping test data. We estimate these parameters of aquifer heterogeneity from type‐curve analysis and determine their sensitivity. This procedure, implemented in welltestpy, is a template for analyzing any pumping test. It goes beyond the possibilities of standard methods, for example, based on Theis' equation, which are limited to mean transmissivity and storativity. A sensitivity study showed the impact of observation well positions on the parameter estimation quality. The insights of this study help to optimize future test setups for geostatistical aquifer analysis and provides guidance for investigating pumping tests with regard to aquifer statistics using the open‐source software package welltestpy.
    Description: Article impact statement: We present a workflow to infer parameters of subsurface heterogeneity from pumping test data exemplified at two sites using welltestpy.
    Description: German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007636
    Keywords: ddc:551.49
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 4
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    Importance of sources of variability, scales and experimental design: A case study about the effects of biochar and slurry application on soil properties in agricultural silty loam soils (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: In designed experiments, different sources of variability and an adequate scale of measurement need to be considered, but not all approaches in common usage are equally valid. In order to elucidate the importance of sources of variability and choice of scale, we conducted an experiment where the effects of biochar and slurry applications on soil properties related to soil fertility were studied for different designs: (a) for a field‐scale sampling design with either a model soil (without natural variability) as an internal control or with composited soils, (b) for a design with a focus on amendment variabilities, and (c) for three individual field‐scale designs with true field replication and a combined analysis representative of the population of loess‐derived soils. Three silty loam sites in Germany were sampled and the soil macroaggregates were crushed. For each design, six treatments (0, 0.15 and 0.30 g slurry‐N kg−1 with and without 30 g biochar kg−1) were applied before incubating the units under constant soil moisture conditions for 78 days. CO2 fluxes were monitored and soils were analysed for macroaggregate yields and associated organic carbon (C). Mixed‐effects models were used to describe the effects. For all soil properties, results for the loess sites differed with respect to significant contributions of fixed effects for at least one site, suggesting the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils to be made and showed that site:slurry:biochar and site:slurry interactions were not negligible for macroaggregate yields. The use of a model soil as an internal control enabled observation of variabilities other than those related to soils or amendments. Experiments incorporating natural variability in soils or amendments resulted in partially different outcomes, indicating the need to include all important sources of variability. Highlights Effects of biochar and slurry applications were studied for different designs and mixed‐effects models were used to describe the effects. Including an internal control allowed observation of, e.g., methodological and analytical variabilities. The results suggested the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils. The results indicated the need to include all important sources of variability.
    Keywords: ddc:631.4
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Do tree species affect decadal changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in Danish common garden experiments? (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: Temperate forest soils are often considered as an important sink for atmospheric carbon (C), thereby buffering anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, the effect of tree species composition on the magnitude of this sink is unclear. We resampled a tree species common garden experiment (six sites) a decade after initial sampling to evaluate whether forest floor (FF) and topsoil organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Nt) stocks changed in dependence of tree species (Norway spruce—Picea abies L., European beech—Fagus sylvatica L., pedunculate oak—Quercus robur L., sycamore maple—Acer pseudoplatanus L., European ash—Fraxinus excelsior L. and small‐leaved lime—Tilia cordata L.). Two groups of species were identified in terms of Corg and Nt distribution: (1) Spruce with high Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as a mor humus layer which tended to have smaller Corg and Nt stocks and a wider Corg:Nt ratio in the mineral topsoil, and (2) the broadleaved species, of which ash and maple distinguished most clearly from spruce by very low Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as mull humus layer, had greater Corg and Nt stocks, and narrow Corg:Nt ratios in the mineral topsoil. Over 11 years, FF Corg and Nt stocks increased most under spruce, while small decreases in bulk mineral soil (esp. in 0–15 cm and 0–30 cm depth) Corg and Nt stocks dominated irrespective of species. Observed decadal changes were associated with site‐related and tree species‐mediated soil properties in a way that hinted towards short‐term accumulation and mineralisation dynamics of easily available organic substances. We found no indication for Corg stabilisation. However, results indicated increasing Nt stabilisation with increasing biomass of burrowing earthworms, which were highest under ash, lime and maple and lowest under spruce. Highlights We studied if tree species differences in topsoil Corg and Nt stocks substantiate after a decade. The study is unique in its repeated soil sampling in a multisite common garden experiment. Forest floors increased under spruce, but topsoil stocks decreased irrespective of species. Changes were of short‐term nature. Nitrogen was most stable under arbuscular mycorrhizal species.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaff (DFG)
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; ddc:631.41
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Geomorphology and Prehistoric Settlements on a Volcanic Island: the Case of Ustica (Palermo, Italy) (2022)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: This study represents the first attempt to combine the geomorphological characteristics of the island of Ustica with the human settlements that have been established during prehistory, with the purpose of reconstructing the interactions between communities and the natural environment from the Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age (6th - 1st millennia B.C.). Ustica is a small island in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, visible but far (~55 km) from the northern coast of western Sicily. Its rugged volcanic nature, remodeled and enriched by the sea, offered to the first colonizers a wide repertoire of opportunities and challenges. This island can be treated as an ideal “laboratory” to understand how settlers, taking their first steps towards the foundation of organized communities, were able to seize opportunities or succumb to obstacles. The review of archaeological research until now carried out in Ustica, integrated with geomorphological data and other biogeographical indicators, offers a picture of the prehistory of Ustica in which human presence is continuous and distributed in various sites of the island characterized by different physiographic characteristics. There are phases dominated by the choice of naturally protected sites and phases in which settlements expands on open land, suitable for agricultural use. Where the archaeological evidence is scarce, the geomorphological peculiarities allow us to decipher the vocations and characters of a human settlement. The study leads to an open question: in the Middle Bronze Age, after about five thousand years of uninterrupted habitation of Ustica, which factors, geological, social, or other, induced the early communities to abandon the island, without returning there for about eight centuries, until the Hellenistic-Roman age?
    Description: Published
    Description: VO550
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Geoarchaeology ; Geoarchaeology ; Prehistoric Settlements ; Island Archaeology ; Volcanic Landscape
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    A study for the selection of a calibration system for seismic sensors (2022)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-09
    Description: This work sets out to identify a state-of-the-art system to be used for the calibration of seismic sensors. The aim is to acquire such a system within the framework of the PON ARS01 00926 EWAS (an Early Warning System for cultural heritage) project, which seeks to develop new technologies for the protection, conservation and safety of cultural heritage and envisages creating a newly developed seismic monitoring system. This system will exploit the ETL3D/5s-H hybrid sensors, resulting from the integration of a precision accelerometer within the ETL3D/5s velocimeter [Fertitta et al., 2020]. The new calibration system, already acquired and being installed, can be used by the EWAS project partners (including the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology and the Kore University of Enna), to calibrate the ETL3D/5s-H sensors, and by external organisations to calibrate or gauge other seismic sensors, thus providing a useful service to the scientific community and supporting industrial activities. This paper presents the method used and the activities undertaken to define the technical specifications of the calibration system. A feasibility study of an electromechanical vibrating table and the testing of two electrodynamic calibration systems were carried out. One of the electrodynamic systems is the CS18P (Calibration System for Seismic Sensors) produced by the German firm SPEKTRA. The CS18P comprises two vibrating tables, one horizontal and one vertical, which, thanks to their fluid-dynamic suspension, eliminate the sliding and rolling friction associated with the movement of the moving part with respect to the fixed part. A hardware and software system monitors and controls the motion in real time, analyses the data and automatically processes a predefined set of measurements. In the light of the technical specifications and experimental results, the CS18P represents the ideal solution for the aims of the EWAS project and also in view of the possible future uses of the calibration system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-38
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic sensors calibration, Vibration exciter, Seismometer
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Earthquake Rupture Forecasts for the MPS19 Seismic Hazard Model of Italy (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-29
    Description: In recent years, new approaches for developing earthquake rupture forecasts (ERFs) have been proposed to be used as an input for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). Zone- based approaches with seismicity rates derived from earthquake catalogs are commonly used in many countries as the standard for national seismic hazard models. In Italy, a single zone- based ERF is currently the basis for the official seismic hazard model. In this contribution, we present eleven new ERFs, including five zone-based, two smoothed seismicity-based, two fault- based, and two geodetic-based, used for a new PSH model in Italy. The ERFs were tested against observed seismicity and were subject to an elicitation procedure by a panel of PSHA experts to verify the scientific robustness and consistency of the forecasts with respect to the observations. Tests and elicitation were finalized to weight the ERFs. The results show a good response to the new inputs to observed seismicity in the last few centuries. The entire approach was a first attempt to build a community-based set of ERFs for an Italian PSHA model. The project involved a large number of seismic hazard practitioners, with their knowledge and experience, and the development of different models to capture and explore a large range of epistemic uncertainties in building ERFs, and represents an important step forward for the new national seismic hazard model.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE220
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Impiego dei router cellulari nella rete sismica permanente, rete sismica mobile e nella rete di telecamere di sorveglianza dell’INGV-OE (2022)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Mobile network routers in seismic and volcanic surveillance
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-36
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: mobile ; router ; cellulare ; sourveillance ; router ; sorveglianza ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Empowering communities for non-structural seismic risk mitigation: the central role of communication (2022)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-17
    Description: This special issue of “Annals of Geophysics” concerns the dissemination of knowledge on the prevention of damage mainly due to non-structural elements during earthquakes and its practical application at houses, schools and offices by common citizens, companies and institutions. The seismic capacity of buildings and other civil engineering structures and infrastructures are object of regulations for design and construction, and in some cases also the design, fabrication and mounting of electrical and mechanical equipments. Consequently, even in strong earthquakes many collapses of buildings and infrastructures are avoided. However, with few exceptions, design procedures do not aim at avoiding seismic vibrations from being transferred to the structures, but enable the structures to resist to the effects of those vibrations
    Description: European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (Grant agreement ECHO/SUB/2015/718655/PREV28)
    Description: Published
    Description: SE331
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Risk reduction ; risk communication ; non-structural elements
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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