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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (581)
  • ddc:330
  • 2020-2023  (36)
  • 1935-1939  (581)
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  • 101
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    Sexual differentiation of urogenital ducts of Ambystoma tigrinumAided by grants from the national research council committee for research in problems of sex, as administered by Prof. E. Witschi. (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 119-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Adult salamanders of Ambystoma tigrinum show a high degree of sexual dimorphism. The normal growth of the urogenital ducts system in relation to the development of the gonads is traced from the sexually indifferent period preceding metamorphosis to sexual maturity at 1 year. Differentiation and growth of secondary sex characters is correlated with spermatogenesis in the male and with growth of ovocytes in the female.Testicular hormone manifests its initial appearance in male differentiation of the wolffian and urinary collecting ducts following metamorphosis. Growth of ovocytes and oviducts begins before metamorphosis and may be assumed to indicate the initial appearance of the ovarian hormone. Females retain the larval arrangement of wolffian and urinary ducts. The oviducts of the male regress during the period of rapid male differentiation. This suggests the possibility of antagonistic activity of the male hormones in Ambystoma.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630106
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  • 102
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    Blood-cell changes during experimental nutritional deficiency anemia and recovery in the newt, Triturus viridescens, with special reference to the erythrocytes (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 143-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A batch of fifty newts was subjected to complete food deprivation for a period of 4 months. During the experiment twenty-two individuals died and twenty-eight were killed at intervals. From the end of the second month the erythrocytes began to show in increasingly greater numbers a progressive alteration in the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. The nucleus of these atypical erythrocytes gradually enlarged and ultimately occupied the entire cytosome. Meanwhile the nuclear reticulum became extremely fine and closely meshed, eventually appearing practically homogeneous and relatively chromophobic. The end result was complete dissolution. The leukocytes became greatly reduced in number, the eosinophils disappearing completely. The neutrophils and basophils were agranular in the blood smears. The erythrocyte transformations represent late results of a chain of factors: cytoplasmic hypotonicity, nuclear endosmosis, attenuation and fenestration of nuclear membrane. The subcapsular lymphogranulocytopoietic tissue of the liver had almost completely disappeared. The spleen was greatly reduced in size; it was essentially lymphoid in character and erythrocytopoietic activity had ceased practically completely. Complete restoration of normal conditions in blood, liver and spleen was effected by the end of 2 weeks by feeding with earthworms. The regenerating blood showed many naked nuclei of disintegrating atypical erythrocytes, many immature erythrocytes in mitosis, increased number of small lymphocytes (lymphoid hemoblasts), large but variable numbers of microcytes, many giant thrombocytes and normal granulocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630107
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  • 103
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    The absorption of colloidal carbon from the body cavity of Ammocoetes. A study of the structure and function of the larval kidneys and blood forming tissuesContribution no. 249 from the zoological laboratories, indiana university. (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 163-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Colloidal carbon injected into the coelom of the larval lamprey, Ammocoetes, is taken up directly by the pronephric tubules. Due to the absence of nephrostomes the mesonephric tubules do not function in a similar way. The tubules of neither show any intracellular deposition of carbon. The reticular elements which support both these kidneys exhibit pronounced phagocytic and hemocytopoietic activity. Carbon in either a free or included form reaches all the other organs both as a result of direct invasion or secondary distribution by the vascular system. The liver is the only organ whose vascular endothelium exhibits cytopoietic properties. To the diffuse spleen as a site of blood cell formation thus should be added the reticular tissue of the pronephros and mesonephros and the vascular endothelium of the liver. Playing a minor role in a similar way are the intestinal mucosa exclusive of that in the typhlosole and the spongy tissue dorsal to the neural tube.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630108
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  • 104
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    Masthead (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630201
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  • 105
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    A cytological study of the pleuropodia of Melanoplus differentialis (Orthoptera, Acrididae) which furnishes new evidence that they produce the hatching enzyme (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 181-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In an earlier paper (Slifer, '37) experiments were reported which showed that in Melanoplus differentialis eggs the hatching enzyme, which destroys the white cuticle, is secreted by the pleuropodia (appendages of the first abdominal segment of the embryo) during the last few days of incubation. In the present report the development and differentiation of the pleuropodia, together with the cytological changes which occur in them before, during and after they become functional, have been followed. The time at which the secretion granules are discharged from the pleuropodial cells was found to be closely correlated with the time at which the tough, white cuticle begins to disintegrate. The cytological evidence, then, supports the author's earlier conclusion, based upon experimental work, that the pleuropodia secrete the hatching enzyme.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630109
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  • 106
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    Cursorial adaptations in birds. Limb proportions in the skeleton of geococcyx (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Comparison of intramembral and trunk/limb proportions in the roadrunner (Geococcyx) and two related genera of cuckoos (Coccyzus and Crotophaga), together with a consideration of their habits of locomotion, lead to the following two generalizations: (1) The incipient cursorial leg of more primitive, arboreal birds, with the metatarsus shorter than the femur, is not an efficient mechanism for bipedal terrestrial locomotion. The direct adaptation to the cursorial habit in terrestrial birds lies in the further elongation of the whole leg, the distal segments undergoing a relatively greater elongation than the femur; the greatest degree of elongation is shown by the most distal segment. (2) When the development of terrestrial, cursorial habits in birds leads to diminished use, or discuse, of the wings as organs of locomotion, the wing skeleton becomes reduced in length; each segment of the wing is reduced, but the degree of reduction is greatest in the more distal segments. It is probable that reduction appears first in the most distal segment and later successively in each segment proceeding proximally therefrom.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630202
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  • 107
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    Origin and fate of the median cord in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (Acrididae: Orthoptera) (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The median cord arises as a hypodermal invagination along the midline from stomodeum to end of tenth abdominal ganglion. It separates from the hypoderm, but does not differentiate into any tissue; apparently it degenerates.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630203
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  • 108
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    The multiple chromosomes of Paratylotropidia brunneri Scudder (Orthoptera: Acrididae)Aided by grant from the rockefeller foundation for work on cellular biology. (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are 19 chromosomes in diploid cells of male Paratylotropidia brunneri; of these, four are V-shaped multiples. There are twenty chromosomes in diploid cells of females; of these, four are V-shaped multiples. If the two arms of each multiple are counted as separate chromosomes, we have the usual number of chromosomes for the Acrididae, i.e., twenty-three in male and twenty-four in female.There are nine chromosomes in the first spermatocyte divisions: seven tetrads, one octad and a decad. The latter is made up of the accessory chromosome associated with an octad.One of the V-shaped multiples in the male is limited to that sex. The homologue of one of the dyads of which it is composed is a free dyad, the homologue of the other forms a V-shaped multiple with the accessory chromosome. The V-shaped multiple limited to the male shows differential heteropycosis in the prophases of the first spermatocyte. There is evidence that its homologous parts are isolated from each other as far as crossingover is concerned.A study of the first maturation division of the heterogametic sex is essential for the identification of the sex chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630206
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  • 109
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    The aortic diverticula of the Odonata (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 229-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Although thoracic diverticula of the aorta ending dorsally in pulsatile organs were discovered by Brocher as early as 1917 no detailed account of their structure was published. The condition of these structures in the adult was not investigated and their development through larval instars was not followed. Brocher's later papers announced the discovery of similar organs in the orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. In 1931 E. Meyer described in some detail pulsatile organs in the Ephemerida. In general these accounts are either superficial or of doubtful interpretation.The present paper deals with the Odonata and stresses the Anisoptera. Anax junius has been studied as the type both anatomically and histologically in all stages of larva and imago except the first four instars. Other types have been compared with Anax, and some of the other orders mentioned have been checked for presence and nature of these organs.Aortic diverticula and pulsatile organs occur in all Odonata both larval and adult. These are derived from the same origins and their histology is that of the membranes involved in aortic and body walls. Through inference from morphology and from physiological examination it appears that pulsatile organs (1) supplement heart action, perhaps substituting for it during emergence. (2) assist in the functioning of the ostia and ostial glands, and (3) may even be important in production and distribution of hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630204
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  • 110
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    The follicular cycle in the sexually mature thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus Mitch.)Thesis presented in partial fulfillment for the degree of doctor of philosophy. (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 263-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The germinal epithelium was studied in an effort to determine its role in postpubertal ovogenesis. Active and inactive areas of epithelium were observed regardless of the oestrous periods. The active areas, exemplified by numerous mitoses and a frequent stratification of the epithelium, are foci for egg cell production.Egg cells are produced from the germinal epithelium by: activation, migration and transformation of single germinal epithelial cells; migration and differentiation of nests of cells; ingrowths of cords of cells.Young ova in the cortex of the ovary are at first surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells of germinal epithelial origin. In the subsequent development of the follicle stratified layers make their appearance. The zona pellucida appears as a well-defined structure coincident with the stratification of the follicular layers.The follicular cavity develops as a split between the follicular cells at one side of the follicle. In the mature follicle the cavity is broad and contains liquor folliculi. The theca interna and externa are not distinguishable until the follicle is highly cellular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630205
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  • 111
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    Seasonal changes in the testis of the musk turtle, Sternotherus odoratus L.Aided by a grant from the committee for research in problems of sex of the national research council, as administered by prof. emil witschi. (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 301-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The spermatogenetic cycle of the testis of the musk turtle is limited to the summer months of the year, and closely parallels that of the anuran Amphibia. Spermatozoa are present in the testis from September to May, and breeding may occur in either fall or spring. A pronounced increase in the size of the epididymis and a corresponding decrease in the size of the testis occurs at the end of the cycle (September).During the months of March, April and May, all spermatozoa are eliminated from the seminal tubules, and the germinal epithelium is built up in preparation for spermatogenesis. Spermatogonial divisions occur in small numbers in May, and the division tempo increases during June. Primary spermatocytes and maturation divisions appear after the middle of June, and continue through July and August. Spermiogenesis begins in late July, is in full progress in August, and is practically completed by October. Laboratory specimens usually show an active spermatogenesis in winter, but it is not probable that a second spermatogenetic cycle occurs in specimens under normal hibernating conditions.No seasonal changes are observed in the interstitial cells of the testis, and no seasonally variable secondary sex characters are known for turtles. Special studies of the problem are being conducted.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630207
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  • 112
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    Sexual phases in the gastropod Crucibulum spinosum (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 345-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This species represents a typical example of protandric consecutive sexuality, the male phase becoming functional at a very early age, when the body has reached a length of only 3 to 7 mm. Those males which become functional earliest usually seek the association of older individuals in the female phase; others, maturing later, are more likely to remain solitary. Mated males have accentuated masculine characteristics and retain the male phase longer than solitary individuals or those that are isolated experimentally. Unfavorable environmental conditions postpone or prevent functional sexuality and terminate the male phase promptly without inaugurating the female phase. The influence of the female in accentuating the sexuality of the male is thought to be due to stimuli received by the latter through sense organs in tentacles and penis and mediated by the nervous system through hormonal secretions. Termination of the male phase and transition to the functional female are comparable to metamorphosis from the immature to the mature condition in other animals and, like metamorphosis, the primary (male) sexual phase can be abbreviated or prolonged experimentally, but the sequence cannot be reversed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630209
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  • 113
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    Notes on the breeding habits of the nudibranchs of Monterey bay and vicinityThis work was begun during the tenure of a national research fellowship in the biological sciences. I wish to acknowledge my appreciation to Dr. C. V. taylor, and to Dr. W. K. fisher and the staff of the hopkins marine station for many courtesies during the course of this work. I am also indebted to Dr. C. V. Taylor for a critical reading of the manuscript. (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 319-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Data concerning the seasonal distribution of twenty-two species of nudibranchs are recorded for a period of 9 months. The occurrence of copulation and of egg laying for these animals in the laboratory aquaria is recorded for the same period. These data indicate that the seasonal distribution of certain species is well marked, and that there is in many cases a definite breeding season.The characteristics of the egg ribbons of these nudibranchs are described, and figured by means of photographs. These egg ribbons approach the mathematical form of a spiral of Archimedes. In every case observed, the ribbon was deposited in a counter-clockwise direction, viewed dorsally.The relationship between these observations and earlier work on the life histories of the nudibranchs is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630208
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  • 114
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    Studies on the structure of nucleolusforming regions and related structures in the giant salivary gland chromosomes of DipteraContribution from the department of embryology, carnegie institution of washington, baltimore, maryland. (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 363-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Salivary gland nuclei in Chironomus regularly show large, conspicuous nucleoli. In Sciara no true nucleoli have been found, but sometimes certain particular chromosome regions expand greatly, forming ‘puffs’ or ‘bulbs,’ somewhat nucleolus-like in nature. Detailed study has been made of the chromosome structure in the affected regions in both genera.In the nucleolar regions of Chironomus the banded structure of the chromosome is distinctly modified. In the case of the large nucleolus the chromosome breaks up into a heavy network in which solid discs are replaced by interconnected chromatic spheres and granules, extending out somewhat into the clear nucleolar substance. In the case of the smaller nucleolus, Balbiani's ring, the banded structure is less disturbed. A chromatic network, resembling a system of rootlets, runs out from the chromatic bands into the clear nucleolar substance.In Sciara ocellaris the ‘puff’ regions are at times normally banded, but at other times in the condition described as ‘puffed.’ The same is true of the ‘bulb’ regions. The relation between nucleoli, puffs and bulbs is discussed. Also that between ‘heterochromatin’ and ‘euchromatin.’ Evidence seems to indicate that the latter are merely extremes in a continuous range involving different relative amounts of chromatic and achromatic materials. The ‘puff’ regions appear to be structurally similar to the chromocenter in Drosophila.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630210
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  • 115
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    Masthead (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630301
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  • 116
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    The postpartum formation of egg cells in the cat (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 397-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The summary of this paper is as follows:1From an examination of 108 ovaries from eighty-nine individuals it was apparent that, in the cat a certain but variable amount of degeneration of primary follicles occurs in all life epochs.2The primary oocytes undergo the degeneration, while the follicle cells remain for an undetermined time.3The most profound instances of such degeneration were encountered in kittens of 6 to 9 weeks, accompanying or follwing the resolution of the egg cords into primary follicles and the establishment of the cortical or marginal zone. A sporadic degeneration of young oocytes occurs at earlier periods.4No evidence was seen of a new formation of egg cells from the residual follicle cells after the degeneration of the oocytes. The degenerations of the 6 to 9 weeks epoch are not believed to be of universal occurrence.5No adequate evidence was encountered of a new formation of egg cells from the surface epithelium, either before or after sexual maturity.6No evidence linking the degeneration of primary follicles with the estrous cycle was seen.7The stock of primary follicles established in the first few weeks after birth is believed to be adequate for the growth of graafian.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630211
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  • 117
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    The chromosomes in the maturation of the germ cells of two species of triclad Turbellarians (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 421-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The maturation of the germ cells of the two hermaphroditic species, Curtisia foremanii (Girard) and Bdelloura candida (Girard) has supplied the material for this chromosome study.Both species of flatworms are believed by the author to possess a diploid number of twelve chromosomes and a haploid number of six, although Curtisia foremanii has previously been reported as having a smaller and variable number of chromosomes.A tendency of the chromatids comprising individual chromosomes to separate from one another at certain times was noted in both species. This action results in giving the appearance of a larger number of chromosomes than the germ cells actually possess. A further source of apparent increase in chromosome number in the Curtisia oocytes, after treatment with the usual Allen's B3 and B15 and Heidenhain's iron haematoxylin, is the presence of some deeply staining, non-chromatin material.No significant differences in number, form and behavior of chromosomes of male and female complexes were noted, with the possible exception of the tendency of the chromatids to separate from one another, to be greater in the female than in male germ cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630302
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  • 118
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    Gynandromorph spiders (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 441-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Four cases of gynandry in American spiders present the following morphologic deviations: The specimen belonging to Neoantistea agilis (Keyserling) externally is a bilateral gynandromorph with distortion of the single male palp, with half of the epigynum nearly normal; internally both testes and ovaries are present. The Drassodes neglectus (Keyserling) is not a completely developed bilateral gynandromorph. One side has a normal male palp, a larger chelicera and longer legs than the other, the epigynum is complete and normal; internally only degenerate ovaries are present. The Linyphiid, near Bathyphantes, is three-quarters female, the only male organ being an imperfectly developed male palp. Ovaries are well developed but immature, whereas the epigynum is complete. In the Pardosa sternalis (Thorell) the anterior part of the body is male, as indicated by the swollen palps and the length of the legs; the epigynum is completely developed, but internal reproductive organs are missing except for a very much aborted ovary. The bisexuality in all cases has caused degeneration or abnormalities in the reproductive structures.Included is a tabulation of all recorded instances of gynandry in spiders, arranged according to the type of abnormality. The term ‘leg-index’ is introduced to express ratio between length of the leg and length of cephalothorax.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630303
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  • 119
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    Pigmentation changes in tadpoles of Rana pipiens following centrifugation during the early gastrulaAided by a grant from the rockefeller foundation for work on cellular biology. (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 477-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Centrifuging the eggs of Rana pipiens in the early gastrula stage prevents the formation of the hypophysis in some of the tadpoles. The absence of the melanophorotropic hormone normally secreted by the hypophysis seems to be responsible for the contraction of the pigment cells. In addition, there are actually fewer pigment cells present in both the dermal and epidermal layers of the light tadpoles than there are in the controls. The paleness, therefore, of the tadpoles seems to be due to both a contraction of the pigment cells present and to an actual reduction in their number. The failure of the hypophysis to develop was brought about by centrifuging at an earlier stage in development of the embryo than in previous extirpation studies. The effects produced by centrifuging that are responsible for the failure of the hypophysis to develop are unknown. However, it is suggested that interference in some way with the presumptive hypophysis-forming tissue has resulted in an inactivation of its inductive potencies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050630304
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  • 120
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640101
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    The morphology of the skull of a young Galesaurus planiceps and related forms (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 491-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper is based on evidence obtained from sectioned skull of Galesaurus planiceps, Owen. Width-length index of skull is 67.7; height-width index 47.6. Dental formula is: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{{\rm I\; 3\; or\; 4}}}{{{\rm I\; ?}}} $\end{document}, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{{\rm C\; 1}}}{{{\rm C\; 1}}} $\end{document}, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{{\rm PC\; 7}}}{{{\rm PC\; 9}}} $\end{document}. Length of prevomer is 24.0 mm., that of skull 62.0 mm. Maxilla contains cavity which appears to be equivalen of sinus maxillaris of mammals. Ear structure shows large internal auditory meatus. There is no evidence that horizontal and posterior semicircular canals pass through bone. Fenestra ovalis is large. Parasphenoid, basisphenoid, and basioccipital are fused. Parasphenoid consists of short body and a medial anterior process. Sella turcica lacks floor, probably due to erosion. Detached bone may be sphenethmoid. Dentary contains two canals, probably vascular. Comparisons with related forms lead to following conclusions: (1) Specimen is of young animal. (2) Dental succession of postcanines, distichical replacement of postcanines, long prevomer, short parasphenoid, incomplete osseous incasement of semicircular canals, and other characteristics label Galesaurus as primitive cynodont. (3) Reduction of parasphenoid and development of prevomer support Broom's view that Ictidosaurus is not a cynodont. (4) Prevomer as nasal septum; fusion of parasphenoid, basisphenoid, and basioccipital; large lacrimal, splenial, and articular; and other characteristics indicate that Galesaurus is off line leading to mammals. (5) In certain respects cynodonts are more mammal-like than gorgonopsians.
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    Morphogenesis of the cranial muscles of Amblystoma punctatumRevision of a dissertation presented in partial fulfillment for the degree of doctor of philosophy in yale university. (1938)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 63 (1938), S. 531-587 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of the cranial musculature of Amblystoma punctatum is described in detail, for both larva and adult. In addition, a brief account of the innervation of each muscle is given. The study of normal development is supplemented by extirpation experiments performed on embryos in early stages of development. These extirpations include the mesodermal head segments, mesoderm of mandibular, hyoid, second branchial, third branchial arches, and somites 1, 2 and 3. The eye muscles are found to develop from the mesodermal head segments in precisely the same manner as in other classes of vertebrates; head segmentation of Amphibia, though less accentuated, is shown to be homologous with that of other classes. The remaining extirpation experiments corroborate, in general, the finding from normal development studies. An attempt is made to summarize in tabular form the prospective fate of the prechordal plate and parachordal mesoderm, the two earliest divisions of the head mesoderm, with regard to their complete muscle derivatives.
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    On a new law of the bi-triangular medial concentration of the cephalic appendages in the chilopoda and the insecta (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 1-8 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A law of the “bi-triangular medial concentration of the cephalic appendages” in the Chilopoda and the Insecta is propounded. According to it, the cephalic appendages lying in front of and behind the intercalary pair of appendages undergo a concentration, both in phylogeny and in ontogeny, toward the median line. In this way, two hypothetical triangles, termed the ‘anterior or procephalic triangle’ and the ‘posterior or gnathocephalic triangle’ are formed, having a common base in the level of the intercalary appendages. The cephalic appendages occupy roughly either the sides or the apices of the triangles and the degree of their final medial concentration is in direct proportion to their distance from the triangular base. Before the final bi-triangular condition is achieved by the appendages, varying types of transitory shiftings are passed through.
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    The prostomial glands of the Indian leech, Hirudinaria granulosa (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 37-46 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: 1. The prostomial glands, as described by Bourne, are deep-lying and unicellular, are distinctly different from the salivary glands, and their contents do not stain with boraxcarmine. They are ectodermal in origin.2. The material for the cocoon is secreted by the clitellar glands, while the prostomial glands secrete the yellowish plugs at the two poles which close the two ends of the cocoon.3. A fortnight after the cocoons are formed, the plugs become detached, leaving two outlets one at each pole, for the young leeches to wriggle out of the cocoon.4. The detachable plugs are possible only if not made of the same material as the cocoon.
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    Mitochondria in liver cells of fed and starved salamanders (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 9-35 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the hepatic cells of well-fed salamanders (Triturus pyrrhogaster) elongated mitochondria predominate which exhibit a diversity of shapes. Starvation tends gradually to produce a shift in predominance from the elongated to the granular forms of mitochondria; terminally looped and ring-shaped mitochondria also characteristic of the well-fed condition, gradually become rare to absent. Beaded elongated mitochondria increase in number after short periods of fasting, and appear to be transitional between smooth elongated mitochondria and granular mitochondria.Re-feeding tends to bring about a recovery of the mitochondrial picture of the well-fed animals.There are exceptions to the above general trend which show that the length of starvation and digestive activity are not the only factors that account for the changes in the mitochondrial condition. A closer relation is found between the mitochondrial condition and the relative amounts of fat and glycogen in the cell. It can be stated as a rule that the shift in predominance from elongated mitochondria to granular mitochondria parallels the decrease in amount of fat and glycogen in the cell.
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    Glands in the head capsule of coccinellid beetles with a discussion on some aspects of gnathal glands (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 47-66 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glands are classified by structure as multicellular complex acinose, multicellular simple tubular, and unicellular; by position as general, hypodermal, ocular, anternnal, intra-mandibular, mandibular, mandibulo-maxillary, maxillary, intra-cardonal and labial. Some open outside the extra-oral cavity. They are supposed to be offensive in function. The segmental origin of the gnathial is doubtful.
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640201
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    Notes on the retinae of two opossum genera (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 67-87 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Didelphis virginiana and Marmosa mexicana the retina is sauropsidan in type and the eye as a whole is markedly adapted for scotopic vision. The superior half of the fundus of Didelphis is occupied by a tapetum lucidum of the retinal type, formed by the enlarged pigment epithelial cells which are devoid of pigment and packed with reflective particles of unknown composition. Such a tapetum is unique among mammals - in all known sub-mammalian retinal tapeta the reflective material is guanin and is occusible in bright light by migratory fuscin. The retinal capillaries in Didelphis extend to the external limiting membrane, apparently in adaptation to the low permeability of the dense tapetum. Only four other mammals are known to have such capillaries and no inclusive explanation seems to hold for all. Didelphis possesses an ‘area centralis of sensitivity’ associated with the tapetum. Both genera have abundant rods and scanty cones, of three types. The oil droplets of the droplet-bearing single cones and the double cones are colorless and the double cone contains only one, not two as reported by O'Day for other marsupials; nor are the members of the double cone ever alike in size and form. Opossum double cones are thus perfectly orthodox; primitive placental mammals should be examined for double cones and oil droplets.
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    The musculature of Agelena naeviaThis is part of a dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in 1938. The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Prof. Alexander Petrunkevitch for his helpful suggestions and kindly criticism during the investigation here reported. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 115-166 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640202
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    Variations in the rate of mitosis in normal and colchicine-treated tadpoles of Rana pipiens and Amblystoma jeffersonianum (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 89-113 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Study of the epidermis of Rana pipiens and Amblystoma jeffersonianum showed no variations in the mitotic rate that were correlated with the age expressed in hours after hatching or with the time of day at which the tadpoles were fixed. The average mitotic index of the epidermis during the first day of larval life was 1.88 in the frog and 1.02 in the salamander. This was correlated with the earlier developmental stage at which the frog hatched. Colchicine in concentrations above 5 × 10-4 M. in the frog and above 2.5 × 10-3 M. in the salamander arrested almost all mitoses at metaphase. Inhibition was incomplete after treatment with concentrations of 1.25 × 10-4 M. in the frog and 5 × 10-4 M. in the salamander. Severe injury was characterized by the presence of vacuolated cells with deeply stained inclusions, similar to cells found after x-radiation. Cells continued to enter the prophase at the normal rate. The accumulation of metaphases during the first 4 hours of colchicine treatment indicated a mitotic period of about 80 minutes in the frog. During subsequent periods the expected accumulation of metaphases did not occur. It was concluded that the arrested metaphases either degenerated or passed into a resting stage without passing through anaphase.
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    Further investigation on the development of the vertebral column in salientia (Anura) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 167-209 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    The development of the auditory ossicles of the opossum (didelphys virginiana)A thesis in zoology presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Pennsylvania in partial fulfillment for the degree Doctor of Philosophy. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 211-265 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Macronuclear reorganization in blepharisma undulansA dissertation presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University, in candidacy for the degree of doctor of philosophy, 1937. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 297-353 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The reproductive cycle in male bats of the species Myotis lucifugus lucifugus and Myotis grisescensA dissertation submitted from the department of zoology for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 267-295 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The morphology of the thyroid gland in the metamorphosing rana pipiens (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 355-373 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of locusta migratoria L. (orthoptera: Acrididae) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 375-399 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The morphology of the thymus and its changes with age in the neotenous amphibian (necturus maculosus)Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, New York University. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 455-481 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Cytology of the reproductive tract of the female bat myotis lucifugus lucifugusA dissertation submitted from the Department of Zoology for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 431-453 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The origin and fate of the entoderm elements in the embryogeny of porcellio laevis latr. and armadillidium nasatum B. L. (isopoda)Contribution No. 200 from the Department of Zoology, Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, Manhattan, Kansas. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 401-429 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The development of the chick pituitary with special reference to the cellular differentiation of the pars buccalisPresented at the Fiftieth Meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, 1938. Anat. Rec., vol. 70 (Suppl. no. 3), p. 64. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 483-517 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Development of the eye of the isopod, Idothea (1939)
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    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 519-553 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The egg and early development of the stonefly, pteronarcys proteus newman (plecoptera)Research Paper No. 641, Journal Series, University of Arkansas. The subject matter of this paper formed part of a thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University, June, 1938, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 555-609 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    On the function and development of the sternal spatula in the Cecidomyiidae or gall midges as exemplified by Rhabdophaga saliciperda duf (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 1-15 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Further observations on the microscopic appearance and behavior of living thyroid follicles in the rabbit (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 17-51 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The histology of the digestive tube of the carp (Cyprinus carpio communis)Studies from the Department of Zoology, The University of Nebraska No. 201. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 53-78 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    The differentiation of sex in the opossum (Didelphys virginiana) and its modification by the male hormone testosterone propionate (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 79-119 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    The spermatogenesis of the Lycosid spider, schizocosa crassipes (Walckenaer) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 121-153 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    A study of nerve-muscle specificity in the forelimb of Triturus pyrrhogasterThis work has been supported by a grant from the Penrose Fund of the American Philosophical Society. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 155-185 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050650201
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    The epithelial components of the teleost pituitary gland as identified by a standardized method of selective staining (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 187-213 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The reproductive system of the male opossum, Didelphis virginiana Kerr and its experimental modificationThis investigation has been aided by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to The University of Chicago. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 215-239 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The thyroid gland of the Atlantic salmon (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 257-295 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The morphology and locomotor activities of Cyclochaeta domerguei wallengren (Protozoa) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 241-255 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050650204
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    The thyroid and parathyroid glands of the Barasingha deer, with particular reference to autofluorescence, fat and pigment (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 297-321 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Segmental blood vessels of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana (L.)) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 323-351 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050650301
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    The homology of the shell elements in turtles (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 383-409 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    The modification of sexual differentiation in genetic female mice by the prenatal administration of testosterone propionateThe testosterone propionate (Perandren) used in these experiments was generously supplied by the Ciba Pharmaceutical Products Inc.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the invaluable technical assistance of Miss Rita Haffen, Mrs. Helen Struett, and Mr. W. L. Burkhardt. I am also indebted to Miss Madge Walsh of the Photographic Department, Northwestern University Medical School, for the photomicrographs. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 353-381 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The internal genitalia of female Acridinae, Oedipodinae and Pauliniinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 437-469 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The pituitary gland of the Atlantic salmon (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 411-435 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The post-embryonic development of the salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 471-495 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The endostyle and thyroid gland of the brook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon fossor (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 549-605 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Sex differentiation during the early pouch stages of the opossum (Didelphys virginiana) and a comparison of the anatomical changes induced by male and female sex hormonesThe author is indebted to Mr. N. C. Jacobs for the drawings that illustrate this paper, and to Mr. M. C. Orser for all photographs and photomicrographs. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 497-547 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 166
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    Secondary sexual dimorphism in some Chinese cobitid fishes (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 275-302 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sexual dimorphism of Chinese cobitids consists of peculiar structures of the pectoral fins and of variations in the lengths of these as well as of the ventral fins. In all groups the paired fins are, as a rule, longer in the male sex, and the female has no lamina circularis, enlargement of pectoral rays or dilation of lateral muscles.In males of Cobitis and Misgurnus, the second rays of the pectorals are enlarged and possess at their base a bony plate (lamina circularis). In other Chinese genera the lamina circularis is absent. Males of the Misgurnus group are easily recognized by the dilation of the lateral muscles in the region of the dorsal fin. Males of Barbatula have several enlarged inner rays in the pectoral fin and numerous nuptial tubercles on the head, arranged in prepercular and preorbital groups. In the European, B. barbatula, however, tubercles on the head are wanting.In males of the Leptobotia and probably Botia groups, the first pectoral ray is enlarged, and the membrane between several of the inner rays is covered with nuptial tubercles.In general, in the Chinese cobitids the differences in sexual dimorphism are correlated with the differences between genera, i.e., each genus possesses a quite different sexual dimorphism; thus the secondary sexual characters can be used for taxonomic purposes.
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    The early development of the thyroid gland in Amia calvaContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratory, University of Illinois, no. 463. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 533-545 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The thyroid primordium is a solid median outgrowth from the pharynx which is attached to the truncus arteriosus at its bifuracation. The thyroid is soon detached from the pharynx and migrates to its definitive position ventral to the aorta between the bases of the third visceral pouches. After detachment the primary follicle appears in the lower part of the primordium; during migration and early growth it is divided apparently by stress and pressure to form secondary follicles. Independent follicles are formed also by secretion of colloid between solid masses of thyroid cells. Other secondary follicles are formed by pinching off evaginations from large follicles. Colloid appears soon after the primary follicle is divided. The adult thyroid is a group of follicles scatterd in a venous plexus in the ventral pharyngeal region, around the aorta.
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    Behavior and morphological changes in the leech, Placobdella parasitica, during hypodermic insemination (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 617-653 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three to 5 minutes after implantation of a spermatophore in Placobdella parasitica there is a pronounced granulation of the tissues in the immediate region of the capsule. During the following 20 minutes a path 81 to 120 μ across communicating with the sinuses of the body cavity is established. By a mechanical shrinkage of the distended spermatophore the spermatozoa are injected through this path into the coelomic sinuses. They are dispersed through the body by the haemolymph and possibly by muscular contractions of the recipient. Fifty to 75 hours after their introduction into the body some of them arrive in the ventral sinus. From here they penetrate the walls of the ovisacs and take up a position in the lumina in preparation for fertilization. Two to 30 hours after implantation a plug of cells composed of migrating cellular elements of the recipient's body and of cells introduced along with the spermatozoan bundles forms in the subhypodermal region of the sperm path. Twenty to 45 hours later the wound is entirely repaired. Hypodermal epithelium is replaced by a migration into the affected region of similar reserve cells. The parenchymatous tissue is restored by a differentiation and growth of some of the cellular elements making up the plug.
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    Abnormalities in flatfishes (heterosomata) I. Reversal of sides a comparative study of the known data (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 1-39 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Flatfishes lying on one side and that blind and colorless, but having the upper side two-eyed and colored are abnormal fishes which in their own group are perfectly normal. Some normally lie right side up (dextral) others point left (sinistral). Any departure from these normal conditions constitutes such a specimen an abnormal flatfish. The simplest departure is reversal-i.e., a normal dextral fish lies on its right side and points left and vice-versa. Sixteen reversed fishes have been described, but in various species from 3 to 100 per cent reversals have been noted.Reversal might be thought dependent on the structure of the optic chiasma. The Psettodidae (lowest family) have a dimorphic chiasma (right or left nerve dorsal) and are indifferently dextral or sinistral. But the dextral Soleidae and the sinistral Cynoglossidae (highest families) have dimorphic chiasmas with only five recorded reversals. In between, the monomorphic sinistral Bothidae have the right nerve dorsal even in the five indifferent species. And the monomorphic dextral Pleuronectidae include three indifferent species (one having up to 100 per cent reversed) with the left nerve dorsal even in reversed fish. The explanation of reversal must be found in genetics.
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    Evolution of the upper jaw mechanism in teleost fishes (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 157-172 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study reveals the existence of four distinct but genetically related types of upper jaw mechanisms:1. The non-protractile, with no mechanism for the protrusion of the pre-maxillae. The maxillaries form part of the upper margin of the mouth, as in Isospondyli, Apodes and Haplomi.2. The crossed ligaments in the snout as in Acanthopteri, Heterosomata and Anacanthini.3. The twisting action type in which the internal hook of the maxilla drives out the pre-maxilla as found in Cyprinodontes and Percesoces.4. The rostral or sigmoid ligament attached to the pre-maxilla as in Cyprinidae and Catostomidae.The three protractile types all possess an enlarged pre-maxilla with a medium dorsal process, suggesting a common origin of all from a single non-protractile form of upper jaw.
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    The microscopic structure of the shell and ligament of cardium (cerastoderma) corbis martyn (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 211-220 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The shell of Cardium corbis is composed of three layers, an outer periostracum of conchyolin and two layers of aragonite. The outer aragonitic layer presents a laminated appearance, but in reality is made up of fibers which extend across several of the curved lamellar lines. Each fiber is enclosed in an organic sheath which can be dissolved in potassium hydroxide. The inner aragonitic layer is composed of vertical prisms which are made up of two sets of fibers inclined to each other at an angle of 55 to 60°. The outer layer of aragonite is secreted by glands on the mantle edge outside the pallial line; the inner layer is secreted by glands on the mantle area within the pallial line. The dentition is formed of the same material as the inner aragonitic layer.The ligament is composed of two layers, the outer being less impregnated with calcium carbonate than the inner. Both layers are continuous with the organic matrix of the shell.
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    Masthead (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050580201
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    Some muscular changes in the tail and thigh of reptiles and mammals (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 355-383 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: New dissections of the caudal and short posterior thigh muscles of the reptiles Iguana, Varanus, Crocodilus and Testudo, and the mammals Sciurus, Galago and Herpestes were made, and the findings correlated with those described in the literature. The condition in the lizards, Sphenodon and crocodiles is very constant; in each case there is a puboischiofemoralis externus and an ischiotrochantericus passing from the pelvis to the femur, a deep caudal mass passing from the tail to the femur, and a superficial caudal sheet attached to the ilium and ischium. In the Chelonia, with the specialization of the gait, the deep caudal musculature has lost its attachment to the femur, and has migrated onto the vertebral column and the inner surface of the pelvis, while the other muscles occupy their typical position. In the Mammalia the deep caudal musculature has undergone a change similar to that in the Chelonia, forming the pubo-, ilio-, sacro- and ischiococcygeus muscles, while the superficial caudal musculature has disappeared except for a part which forms a sphincter cloacae. The posterior part of the puboischiofemoralis externus has formed the quadratus femoris, and the ischiotrochantericus the obturator internus and the two gemelli. In specialized mammals with reduced tails the caudal musculature has taken over new functions and become respecialized in different ways.
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    The development of the mid-intestine in melanoplus differentialis (acrididae : Orthoptera) (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 58 (1935), S. 419-437 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A histological study has been made of the developing mid-gut or mesenteron of Melanoplus differentialis from diapause until after hatching. The primitive mid-gut consists at first of a single laver os squamous epithelium surrounding the yolk; to this is added later an outer layer. These two layers give rise to the muscular and connective tissue elements of the definitivo mid-gut. Near the of hateching, vitellophanges which have been present in the yolk since earlier stages migrate peripherally to form a lining upon the inner surface of the primitive mid-gut. The vitellophage nuclei divide to form the smaller nuclei of the definitive epithelium of the mid-gut. The vitellophage nuclei divede to form the smaller nuclei of the definitive epithelium of the mid-gut. The development of the definitive mesenteron fron the primitive mid-gut takes place rapidly and occurs near the time of hatching.
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    Spermatogenesis of the prawn, Palaemon lamarrei (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 149-163 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The spermatozoon of Palaemon lamarrei is like a cricket ball having a small hole at the top. The outer leather covering of the ball represents the nucleus and the internal stuffing the cytoplasmic vesicle, in the formation of which almost the whole of the cytoplasm of the spermatid along with its mitochondrial and Golgi material is sacrificed. The hole is very efficiently plugged with a ring-like centrosome, which gives off inward a large number of axial filaments radiating through the vesicle toward the nucleus and outward a long prominent spine ending into a fine point. The acrosome is conspicuous by its absence. It has been suggested that, as in Paratelphusa spinigera, the cytoplasmic vesicle forms the mechanism, which is responsible for the explosion of the sperm at the time of fertilization. It has also been suggested that the bizarre structure of the sperm is closely associated with the necessity of ensuring the safety of this explosive vesicle until the time of fertilization. The chromatoid bodies described by Fasten in the crayfish, Cambarus virilis, must be interpreted as the Golgi masses.
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    The dimensions of the renal tubules of Necturus maculosusThe expenses of this work were defrayed in large part from a grant by the Commonwealth Fund. (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 51-58 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The method of micro-injection was used in the study of a large number of tubules. The limits of the several parts of the tubule were determined with a high degree of accuracy without sectioning; the error of the measurements was small. Of 137 tubules studied the measurements of forty-nine comprised the entire length from renal corpuscle to collecting duct or ureter.The proximal tubule was found to be about twice as long as the distal. While the longest proximal tubule was nearly six times the length of the shortest, the great majority of tubules fell within a much shorter range. There was little or no correlation between proximal tubule length and weight of the animal.The proximal tubule is larger in diameter than the distal tubule. Calculations indicate that the area of exposed cell surface in the proximal tubule is nearly four times as great as in the distal; however, compared to tubule volume, a relatively greater cell surface is exposed in the distal tubule.
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    The growth, maturation and atresia of ovarian eggs in the rabbitThis investigation was aided by a grant from the National Research Council Committee for Problems of Sex. (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 351-383 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study is made of the development of ovarian ova in mature rabbit does before and during various stages of pregnancy and after the injection of thyroid and anterior-pituitary-like hormones. No appreciable ovogenesis during sexual maturity was found. Nine types of ovarian follicle are distinguished according to size and degree of development. Full ovum size is reached in pre-antral follicles, and is marked by the formation of a dictyate nucleus and slight reduction in nuclear size. Full follicle size is attained much later. The nature of follicle migration in the course of development is described. Ovum migration within the follicle is found to be a consequence of the nature of the egg's attachments to the follicular epithelium. The least atresia is found in young oocytes (10%), the larger follicles showing about 60% atretic at all stages of the reproductive cycle. The hormone preparations administered affect only the largest follicles and their contained ova.
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    The development of the swim bladder of the Atlantic salmon (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 309-319 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The anlage of the swim bladder of the Atlantic salmon arises as a small mass of undifferentiated cells resting dorso-laterally on the posterior wall of the fore-gut. This mound of cells is proliferated from the narrow band of mesoderm which lies between the epithelium and the serosa of the alimentary canal. The concentration thus formed elongates slowly for 11 weeks. At the end of this time an evagination from the lumen of the right side of the oesophagus grows into it. This tube commences to elongate rapidly just previous to the time of hatching, and reaches the posterior end of the body cavity at approximately the time when the young salmon emerge from the gravel. Throughout the fresh water life of the fish this organ is a relatively large thin walled sac, lying dorsal to the body cavity. Microscopic examination reveals layers typical of those of the digestive tract.
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    The morphology of the hypophysis of amblystoma (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 485-494 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper presents an account of the morphology of the hypophysis and adjacent hypothalamic regions of young adult Amblystoma tigrinum. The description deals primarily with reconstructed models made from blotting paper; transverse and sagittal sections are also considered. A new term, hypophysis, pars subdistalis, is used to describe a discrete portion of the hypophysis embedded in the medial and ventral portion of the pars distalis. The other portions of the hypophysis also are described in detail.
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    Some factors in the morphogenesis of vertebrate embryonic epithelia (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 563-579 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper correlates the various aspects of the author's previous work on embryonic columnar epithelia and deals especially with the mechanical factors that determine the form of an epithelium. The origin of the terminal bars, the various forms the terminal bars assume, and the significance of the terminal bar net in maintaining the epithelial structure are discussed. The paper also gives detailed consideration to the elongation of columnar cells after division. When this change in shape cannot be attributed to crowding from without, it is suggested that a thrusting action of elongating spindle fibers is the internal force responsible. In either case elongation is influenced by the development of the terminal web limiting the free surface. Further observations on this structure, first described by the author in 1935, are presented. The terminal web, which is generally present in columnar epithelia, is a specialized part of fixed cytoplasm, condensed, and lying in the plane of the terminal bars. It disappears in mitosis, but its reappearance as the new cell elongates limits the area of the free end of the cell. Hence, the terminal web plays an important part in determining the form of columnar cells.
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    The origin of new epidermal cells in the skin of normal and x-rayed frogsThis investigation has been supported in part through grants made to W. C. Curtis from the Committee on Radiation of the National Research Council. (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 59 (1936), S. 327-349 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The skins of normal and x-rayed tadpoles and frogs were compared. Almost no mitotic figures occurred after the tenth day of larval life. The number of mitoses and the length of the period during which mitosis occurred were reduced by x-rays in proportion to the exposure. Spindle-shaped cells were found on the vertical connective tissue fiber bundles which connect the lower layer of the dermis with the under side of the epidermis in adult frogs. After exposure to 4000 r the number of these cells, which are believed to be traveling up the vertical strands to join the epidermis, was doubled. New, uninjured cells appeared in the basal epidermal layer following this increase. Since no appreciable number of mitotic divisions and no amitotic divisions were found in the epidermis, either normally or during the regeneration following exposure to x-rays, these ‘traveling-cells’ are held to be an important source of replacement in correlation with normal desquamation as well as desquamation caused by the irradiation.
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    The osteology and relationships of the phallostethid fishes (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 59 (1936), S. 453-483 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two genera of the Phallostethid fishes were anatomized using both the clearing and the dissection methods. While resembling Poecillids and agreeing with them in numerous anatomical features, these fish are true Acanthopterygians and apparently are correctly placed by Myers in the suborder Phallostethoidea erected for them in the order Percesoces. The two divergent types of priapia found in the group are readily derivable one from the other, corresponding bone for bone. The priapial bones can be homologized with the missing pelvic fins and girdle plus, perhaps, the post cleithrum and some of the pectoral pterygials. A comparison is made between the Phallostethid priapial skeleton and the highly modified girdle complex of the Polynemids.
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    Haploidy and aberrant spermatogenesis in a coleopteran, Micromalthus debilis LeConteSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University. (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 59 (1936), S. 485-515 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The coleopteran Micromalthus debilis LeConte has two additional female reproductive forms besides the male and female adults. One of these is a paedogenetic viviparous female which produces female offspring by diploid parthenogenesis; the other is a paedogenetic ovoviviparous female which produces males by haploid parthenogenesis; The male has been shown to be somatically haploid in both early and late stages of development, while all three female types are diploid. The first spermatocyte division is completely abortive as regards division of chromosomes and cell. However, a very characteristic unipolar spindle is regularly formed. The chromosomes of the first spermatocyte anaphase move away from the single pole with their attachment regions hindermost. The spindle consists of ten fibers, each one connecting a chromosome with a single pole. They elongate during the anaphase. The second spermatocyte division is apparently normal in all respects and it ultimately results in two normal sperm. It has been shown that the theories of Belar, Bleier and Schaede concerning the problem of chromosome movement are deficient in view of the peculiarities of this monocentric mitosis.
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    On the structure and function of the ascidian test (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 59 (1936), S. 589-601 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The test consists of a clear matrix in which cells, fibrils, spicules and vascular tubes are embedded. It is supplied with two main blood vessels which ramify in the test substance and end in a large number of vascular ampullae near the outer surface of the test. Three different kinds of spicules are present. The test cells are of five different kinds. Besides these cells, the author has, for the first time in the history of our knowledge of the Tunicata, demonstrated the presence of nerve cells, nerve fibers and receptor cells in the test. The nerve cells are found throughout the test (except the foot) but are more numerous in the test of the siphons. The epithelial cells of the vascular ampullae act as receptor organs being supplied with nerve fibers that connect them with the nerve cells of the test. Receptor cells are also present in the regions of the test devoid of ampullae (except the foot). Stimuli are received by the receptor cells and conducted by nerve fibrils to the nerve cells, which are in turn connected with the nerve ganglion. The test, therefore, not only serves for the protection and attachment of the animal but also acts as a respiratory and receptor organ.
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    The interkinetic migration of embryonic epithelial nuclei (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 60 (1936), S. 1-11 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nuclei of columnar epithelia of vertebrate embryos move to the free epithelial surface before a division, the movement of the nucleus accompanying a shortening of the columnar cell. After division at the free surface the daughter cells elongate, the nuclei passing away from the free surface. This is illustrated by drawings and measurements of cells of the fore-gut it of the garter snake embryo. The elongation of these cells after mitosis is associated with an elongation of the spindle fibers to produce a prominent cytoplasmic fiber which persists through the interkinetic stage and into the next mitosis. The appearance of nests of nuclei in mitosis is accounted for by the fact that descendants of an earlier cell have kept approximately in step in their divisions.
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    Germ cell origin and spermatogenesis in the Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendensAcknowledgment is made of the writer's indebtedness to Dr. C. L. Turner for advice and assistance, to Dr. C. L. Hubbs and Dr. G. S. Myers for classifying the fish used in this investigation, and to Virginia Bennington for the drawings. (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 60 (1936), S. 103-125 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Residual germ cells larger than primary spermatogonia but similar in other respects are found throughout the testis in the walls of the lobules and in the cysts of developing germ cells. There is no evidence for germ cell migration through the testis. Spermatogonia arise in situ from residual cells.Forty-two chromosomes are found in the spermatogonial cells. Two of these chromosomes are much larger than the others and possibly represent sex chromosomes. The haploid chromosome number as seen in primary spermatocyte cells is twenty-one. A large ovoid chromosome, considered to be a sex chromosome, lags during the formation of the primary spermatocyte spindle. It divides after the division of the other chromosomes into equal chromosomes which pass to opposite poles of the spindle.The evidence for sex chromosomes as presented here is meagre but is consistent with the evidence from chromosome studies in other teleosts. It has been proposed that sex chromosomes are in a nascent condition and hence are differentiated but little from autosomes and also that the members of the sex chromosome pair are morphologically alike.
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    The cytology of the hypophysis cerebri of the batA thesis submitted from the Department of Zoölogy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri. The work was supported in part by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation administered by Prof. Mary J. Guthrie. (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 60 (1936), S. 127-157 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A cytological study of the hypophyses of more than 100 female bats, collected at fortnightly intervals from October to April, is reported. The bats were decapitated within 24 hours after collection. and then hypophyses fixed in Champy's fluid or Helly's fluid followed by staining by the acid fuchsin-thionin-aurantia method of Kull.The pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars nervosa lie adjacent to one another in the flattened gland. In some hypophyses the lumen of the original buccal evagination persists as a narrow residual cleft which may be expanded to form ciliated vesicles.Observations on cell size. nucleoplasmie ratio, degree of chromaticity in the nucleus, staining reactions of the cytoplasm and secretory granules, and the presence of chondriosomes, secretory granules, and vesicles in the cytosome are recorded. Secretory cells and histiocytes are idintified. Sceretoty cells are found in successive stages of growth, differentiation, secretion, and degeneration. Cells which have discharged their secretion apparently do not resynthesize secretory granules. Mitosis is not observed. The available evidence suggests utilization of a large supply of embryonic cells as the source of the fully differentiated cells. The cells of the pars intermedia are interpreted as potential secretory cells which do not differentiate under the inadequate nutrient conditions of that region.
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    The segmentation of the abdomen of Lipeurus heterographus Nitzsch (Mallophaga)Contribution from the Department of Entomology, New York State College of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York and the Department of Zoology, Tulane University of Louisana, New Orleans, Louisana. (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 60 (1936), S. 211-219 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Eleven segments are recognized in a comparative study of the abdomens in immature and adult instars of Lipeurus heterographus Nitzsch.The abdomen of the first instar appears ten segmented but with the apparent first segment twice as long as any one of the others and with two transverse rows of hairs on the tergum while the other abdominal segments have but one. This indicates that the apparent first segment is the true first and second abdominal segments which have fused. The apparent tenth segment of the abdomen is the true eleventh segment. A fusion of the true ninth and tenth segments occurring in the third molt further reduces the number of segments to nine which is the apparent number of segments found in the adult.
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    Studies in teleostean reproduction. I. Embryonic hermaphroditism in Lebistes reticulatus (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 60 (1936), S. 261-277 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study has been made of 155 Lebistes embryos, extending from fertilization until birth of the young. A period of embryonic hermaphroditism begins soon after the formation of the genital ridges (3.0 mm.) and continues until birth (6.5 to 7.0 mm.). Development is first ovarian; evidence is the universal occurrence, in all gonads, of many germ cells in typical ovarian synapsis. The gonads of one-half of the embryos soon become testicular while those of the other half continue to develop as ovaries. In testicular gonads, all synaptic germ cells undergo pycnotic dissolution as the gonad hilus organizes into a prospective medulla. In ovaries, germ cells in synapsis continue to enlarge as definitive ovocytes. This embryonic hermaphroditism supports Witschi's explanation of sex determination in Lebistes, based on his own work on frogs and on Winge's discovery of unusual XX males in Lebistes. The embryology of gonads in Lebistes also suggests that in teleosts, as in amphibians, birds, and mammals, gonads develop from two distinct portions, a male medulla and a female cortex.
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    Masthead (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 60 (1937) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050600201
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    Phylogeny of the distal musculature of the pectoral appendage (1936)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 60 (1936), S. 287-315 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The musculature of forearm and manus basically is divisible into dorsal matrix and ventral matrix of elbow, and dorsal matrix and ventral matrix of the podium. The former contributes to the present musculature of brachium and antibrachium, and the latter to the musculature of antibrachium and podium. The forearm muscles of the former category are divisible into humero-radial (carpi radialis), humero-podial (digitorum communis et sublimis), and humero-ulnar (carpi ulnaris) components. The deep muscles of the forearm (mm. abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis proprius; flexores digitorum profundus et pollicis longus) have been derived from podial matrices that have migrated proximally along the ulna. The short flexors of the hand have been derived from a superficial and a deep basic series: From the former have come mm. palmaris brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis, abductor et flexor digiti 5, and lumbricales. From the deep series have been derived mm. contrahentes (including adductor pollicis), interossei, opponens pollicis, deep head of flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens digiti 5.
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    The anatomy of the male genital ducts in the fowl (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 60 (1937), S. 393-405 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The epididymis in the male bird consists of the rete testis, ductuli efferentia, and epididymal tubules. The rete testis is lined with cuboidal epithelium not resting on a basement membrane. When distended with sperm the epithelium appears squamous-like. The tubuli efferentia are lined for the most part with pseudostratied ciliated columnar epithelium resting on a basement membrane. The epithelium is thrown into permanent longitudinal ridges. The epididymal tubules are lined with ciliated columnar epithelium resting on a bastment membrane.The three types of genital ducts are intermingled to some extent, but maintain a definite sequence in their connection with one another. The rete testis drains into the tubuli efferentia, and the latter into the epididymal tubules. These drain into the vas deferens.
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    The relation of germ cell degeneration to modifications of the testicular structure of Plethodontid salamanders (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 60 (1937), S. 459-487 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study of the male sexual cycles of five species of Plethodontid salamanders indicated that annually occurring non-functional regions at the anterior and posterior ends of the testis are associated with the two types of germ cell degeneration: (1) extensive degeneration of secondary spermatogonia in the anterior region; (2) complete degeneration in the posterior region, beginning with the young spermatocytes, of all germ cells except the primary spermatogonia. The improbability of the posterior degenerations being caused by a suggested climatic action is discussed. The presence only in urodeles of a caudo-cephalic polarity of spermatogenesis over the length of the testis and of these degenerations seem more than a coincidence. The abortive spermatogenetic cycle of immature males shows a caudo-cephalic sequence and the stages of degeneration that are identical with the adult. Inanition experiments indicate that the formation of secondary spermatogonia and the ability to form sperm are not synonomous. It is suggested, therefore, that normally more of the testis is activated than can be brought to a successful spermatogenesis. Since spermatogenesis moves caudo-cephalically, the posterior end will be left outside the functional zone, and consequently the cells degenerate. The anterior degenerations and the failure of anterior end of the testis to be involved in spermatogenesis, mark the anterior regulation of the spermatogenetic process. Degenerations can be regarded as the by-product of the regulation of overactivation.
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    Masthead (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050610101
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    The segmentary structure of the human X-chromosome compared with that of rodentsContribution no. 102 from the Zoölogical Institute, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo. (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 59-93 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Testicular cells obtained from Manchurians were chiefly employed for the study. In the primary spermatocyte the X-chromosome presents a three-segmented structure similar to that of rats. This was not clear in our previous studies, probably due to some technical failure. Of the three segments, one frequently assumes a shape suggestive of the Y-chromosome to some authors, but this never disjoins in the first maturation division, and accordingly it cannot be regarded as a true Y. The three segments are designated as P, D1 and D2 segment, the latter two are occasionally combined to form a single D segment. The P segment presents such a great modification of shape, that it led some authors to misinterpretation. The identification of the X-chromosome was uncertain in the spermatogonial group of chromosomes, but in every case of good fixation forty-seven distinct chromosomes were found.
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    Observations upon the aglomerular nature of certain teleostean kidneys (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 165-173 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Observations are reported which fully establish the aglomerular nature of the kidney in the following teleostean species: Hippocampus trimaculatus, Hippocampus kuda, Hippocampus hudsonius, Microphis boaja, Batrachus grunniens and Pterophryne histrio. It is possible that we are dealing with an additional aglomerular species (Microphis sp.), but this cannot be determined from the available material. All species were taken in sea water except Microphis boaja and Microphis sp., which were taken in fresh water.
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    Experimental observations on the Opalinid infusorians with special reference to the influence of radium radiation upon the cytoplasmic inclusions (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 285-307 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoplasm of Opalinid infusorians contains two principal components; the mitochondria and the vegetative granules of the endoplasm. A third component in the form of Golgi bodies has been previously described. Under the influence of radium radiations the mitochondria are re-orientated so that they assume a transverse polarity to the longitudinal axis of the organism. Later the mitochondria are segregated by the radiations so that they lie apart from the vegetative granules with which they are closely associated in the normal organism.
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    Sexual dimorphism in north American hawks I. Sex organsAided by grants from the National Research Council, Committee for Research on Problems of Sex, grants administered by Prof. Emil Witschi. (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 321-349 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of the gonads of the marsh hawk, Circus hudsonius, Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperi, and the red-tailed hawk, Buteo borealis borealis has been investigated. The occurrence and relatively long persistence of the cortex on both testes of the marsh hawk is evidence of bilateral amphisexuality in this form. The embryonic condition of the ovaries is related to the degree of asymmetry in the adult organs. Nearly symmetrical, paired ovaries were found in three species and varying amounts of reduction of the right ovary in all others.The disappearance of the right oviduct in the ontogeny of the female red-tailed hawk and the occurrence of accessory gonad tissue in male embryos of the same species are described and figured. The extent of reduction of the right ovary of eleven species is described, figured and classified. The following species are listed in the above order of classification: Circus hudsonius, Accipiter cooperi, Accipiter velox velox, Accipiter atricapillus atricapillus, Falco sparverius sparverius, Aquila chrysaëtos canadensis, Buteo borealis borealis, Buteo lineatus lineatus, Buteo lagopus sancti-johannis, Cathartes aura septentrionalis, Buteo platypterus platypterus.It is concluded that two ways by which organs may disappear are realized in the right ovary and oviduct of the hawks. (1) by failure of an embryonic inductor in the case of the ovary, and (2) in the right oviduct by secondary atrophy of an originally well-developed embryonic structure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050610206
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    The structure of the nasal cavity in chamaeleo chameleon (Linnaeus) (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 433-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The nasal capsule of the chameleon differs greatly from that of other lizards in several respects. Cartilage is extremely persistent, particularly in the roof. The anterior chamber is produced backward to form an accessory posterior chamber. This posterior extension lies lateral to the olfactory chamber, from which it is incompletely divided by a longitudinal fold which may represent the normal concha.The organ of Jacobson is extremely reduced and occupies an abnormal position with relation to other structures. The olfactory nerves and their branches are much reduced, and the olfactory epithelium is poorly developed. The chameleon is at best a microsmatic animal.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050610302
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  • 200
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    The liver-blood fluid exchange and the morphology of hepatic cell mitochondria (1937)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 61 (1937), S. 473-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This work was undertaken in an effort to determine the reason why the hepatic cell mitochondria of some animals show a structural response to adrenalin while others show no such reaction.It was found that those animals whose mitochondria are altered by adrenalin undergo a relatively great increase in the percentage of water in the liver. This acquisition of fluid by the liver is accompanied by a disturbance of the cell-plasma ratio of the blood. Those species whose mitochondria show no reaction to adrenalin have no change of volatile liver water, haematocrit reading, and probably have no change of total blood volume.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050610304
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