ALBERT

Description: The hydrodynamic model TRIM-NP in a barotropic mode is used to simulate the strong storm tide in March 1906 forced by ECMWF ERA-20C and CERA-20C ensemble of coupled climate reanalyses (https://www.ecmwf.int). The model area covers the region of 20W to 30E and 42N to 65N with a spatial resolution of 12.8x12.8 km for grid 1. At the lateral boundaries of grid 1, the water level is calculated with tide model FES2004. TRIM-NP calculates one way nested with higher resolution the North Sea (with 6.4km, grid2), southern North Sea (with 3.2km, grid3) and the German Bight (with 1.6km, grid4). In this data bank, the datasets are available hourly for grid 2 and grid 4. Please contact the authors for grid 1 and grid 3.

Description: The hydrodynamic model TRIM-NP in a barotropic mode is used to simulate the strong storm tide in March 1906 forced by NOAA-CIRES-DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) version 2c and 3. datasets (https://portal.nersc.gov/project/20C_Reanalysis/). The model area covers the region of 20W to 30E and 42N to 65N with a spatial resolution of 12.8x12.8 km for grid 1. At the lateral boundaries of grid 1, the water level is calculated with tide model FES2004. TRIM-NP calculates one way nested with higher resolution the North Sea (with 6.4km, grid2), southern North Sea (with 3.2km, grid3) and the German Bight (with 1.6km, grid4). In this data bank, the datasets are available hourly for grid 2 and grid 4. Please contact the authors for grid 1 and grid 3.

Description: Das GERICS hat für alle 401 deutschen Landkreise, Kreise, Regionalkreise und kreisfreien Städte einen Klimaausblick veröffentlicht. https://www.gerics.de/products_and_publications/fact_sheets/landkreise/index.php.de Jeder Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse für Klimakenngrößen wie z.B. Temperatur, Hitzetage, Trockentage oder Starkregentage auf wenigen Seiten zusammen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die projizierten Entwicklungen der Klimakenngrößen im Verlauf des 21. Jahrhunderts für ein Szenario mit viel Klimaschutz, ein Szenario mit mäßigem Klimaschutz und ein Szenario ohne wirksamen Klimaschutz. Datengrundlage sind 85 EURO-CORDEX-Simulationen, sowie der HYRAS-Datensatz des Deutschen Wetterdienstes. GERICS has published a climate report for each of the 401 German districts. https://www.gerics.de/products_and_publications/fact_sheets/landkreise/index.php.de Each report summarizes a selection of climate indices like temperature, hot days, dry days or days with heavy precipitation on a few pages. The results show the future development of these indices in the 21st century for three scenarios with strong, medium and weak climate protection, respectively. The data originates from 85 EURO-CORDEX simulations with regional climate models, and the HYRAS dataset of the German Weather Service.

Description: Source code of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2) adopted to the project PRIMAVERA for the comparison of four different ocean vertical mixing schemes.

Description: ICON 2.5 km simulations over the tropical Atlantic ([65W:15E],[10S:20N] for the months of December 2013 (NARVAL1 : 30 days) and August 2016 (NARVAL2 : 30 days). The grid spacing, computed as the square root of the triangular grid cells, amounts to 2.5 km. In the vertical, a stretched vertical coordinate is used with 75 layers, whereby 12 layers are located in the first kilometer. The simulations are conducted for the months of December 2013 and July 2016. They are started every day at 00 UTC from the analysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and integrated for 36 hours. Boundary data are taken from the ECMWF forecasts and updated every 3 hours. At the bottom boundary, the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is taken from the ECMWF analysis. It is kept fixed at its initial value during the 36-h integration period. The simulations were conducted using the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model (Zängl et al., 2015). Given the horizontal grid spacing, no convective parameterization is employed and convection is explicitly resolved by the bulk microphysics scheme that predicts cloud water, rain, snow, ice and graupel (Baldauf et al., 2011). The parameterizations for gravity wave drag and subgrid-scale orography are also switched off, otherwise the model employs the same parameterizations as the operational model version in use at the German Weather Service (DWD), see Zängl et al. (2015) and Klocke et al. (2017) for further details.

Description: ICON 2.5 km simulations over the tropical Atlantic ([65W:15E],[10S:20N] for the months of December 2013 (NARVAL1 : 30 days) and August 2016 (NARVAL2 : 30 days). The grid spacing, computed as the square root of the triangular grid cells, amounts to 2.5 km. In the vertical, a stretched vertical coordinate is used with 75 layers, whereby 12 layers are located in the first kilometer. The simulations are conducted for the months of December 2013 and July 2016. They are started every day at 00 UTC from the analysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and integrated for 36 hours. Boundary data are taken from the ECMWF forecasts and updated every 3 hours. At the bottom boundary, the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is taken from the ECMWF analysis. It is kept fixed at its initial value during the 36-h integration period. The simulations were conducted using the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model (Zängl et al., 2015). Given the horizontal grid spacing, no convective parameterization is employed and convection is explicitly resolved by the bulk microphysics scheme that predicts cloud water, rain, snow, ice and graupel (Baldauf et al., 2011). The parameterizations for gravity wave drag and subgrid-scale orography are also switched off, otherwise the model employs the same parameterizations as the operational model version in use at the German Weather Service (DWD), see Zängl et al. (2015) and Klocke et al. (2017) for further details.

Description: Model runs over Europe were conducted within the ESM project (www.esm-project.net/) for the Frontier Simulations supporting the water and matter fluxes from the European landmass to receiving water bodies (Baltic Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea). Daily discharge from the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM; Samaniego et al., 2010; Kumar et al., 2013; Code version: git.ufz.de/mhm/mhm git version: 35b5cb1) operated at the spatial resolution of 1/16deg for the simulation period from 1.1.1960-31.12.2019 across the European domain (Longitude -11 to 41 Latitude 35 to 72). Model runs were conducted within the ESM project (www.esm-project.net/) for the Frontier Simulations supporting the water and matter fluxes from the European landmass to receiving water bodies (Baltic Sea, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranian Sea). Special consideration was given to the coastal cells by filtering out those (bordering) grid cells that do not have 100% landmass (i.e., cells with a significant proportion of water bodies/sea/ocean coverage). Meteorological forcing data are based on the E-OBS v21e (daily precipitation, temperature, Hofstra et al. 2009), potential evapotranspiration is based on the Hargreaves-Samani method. Soil characteristics are obtained from the global SoilGrids database (Hengtl et al. 2014; the land cover is derived from the Globcover_V2 (http://due.esrin.esa.int/page_globcover.php); geomorphological features are based on the GMTED2010 (Danielson et al., 2011). Model parameterization was constrained using the observed discharge time series from the GRDC stations (https://portal.grdc.bafg.de/), satisfying the following three conditions: gauge LAT〉48degN, area〉 5000km2, area 〈170000km2. Multi-basin calibration and validation were employed to check the consistency of model simulations following Rakovec et al., 2016 and Samaniego et al. 2019, as follows. Calibration objective function using KGE, DDS algorithm with 500 iterations, to account for uncertainty in the calibration process and the basin selections, 50 random initial conditions were randomly drawn sub-set of basins (N=6basins). The best parameter set in the cross-validations across 1201 basins was selected for the final run (ID: 542). A static 2D file of flow direction over Europe at the routing resolution 1/16deg. Internal upscaling to 1/16deg from the higher resolution (1/512deg) done within mHM (Code version: mesoscale Hydrologic Model (git.ufz.de/mhm/mhm git version: 35b5cb1). Special consideration was given to the coastal cells by filtering out those (bordering) grid cells that do not have 100% landmass (i.e., cells with a significant proportion of water bodies/sea/ocean coverage). Flow direction network (lat,lon) and routed runoff (time,lat,lon) at 1/16deg are provided as separate datasets.

Description: The objective of this cruise was to establish the first order functionality of the LIGHTHOUSE system in terms of mechanics, ROV operations, electrical components and data link. This is a highly integrated suite of optical and acoustic sensors to create a real time 360° scan of an underwater environment, in order to enhance the situational awareness of pilots and mission specialists. The tests were to be conducted in the clear, deep waters of the Norwegian Sognefjord. Due to severe technical malfunctions that became only apparent during mobilization in the port of Kiel, the vessel stayed moored to the east shore and west shore quays in Kiel Harbor, except for an excursion off Boknis Eck in the Eckernförde Bight. Despite these restrictions in locality, the majority of the work programme was carried out with great success.

Description: April 15th – April 24th 2021 Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) BALTIC APRIL 2021

Description: The data contains the emission variation simulations which build the lookup-tables for TransClim. Eleven emission regions are defined: Germany, Western Europe, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan/South Korea, North America and South America. In each of these emission regions, the road traffic emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbon monooxide (CO) are varied and the resulting climate response is calculated with the global chemistry climate model EMAC.