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  • Articles  (32,746)
  • Springer  (32,746)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2020-2023
  • 2005-2009  (21,720)
  • 2000-2004  (11,026)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (32,746)
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  • Articles  (32,746)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real gas flow through heterogeneous porous media: theoretical aspects of upscaling (2000)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 14 (2000), S. 109-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. We consider the problem of upscaling transient real gas flow through heterogeneous bounded reservoirs. One of the commonly used methods for deriving effective permeabilities is based on stochastic averaging of nonlinear flow equations. Such an approach, however, would require rather restrictive assumptions about pressure-dependent coefficients. Instead, we use Kirchhoff transformation to linearize the governing stochastic equations prior to their averaging. The linearized problem is similar to that used in stochastic analysis of groundwater flow. We discuss the effects of temporal localization of the nonlocal averaged Darcy's law, as well as boundary effects, on the upscaled gas permeability. Extension of the results obtained by means of small perturbation analysis to highly heterogeneous porous formations is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004770000031
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical aspects of Tricomi's function and modified Bessel functions of the second kind (2000)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 14 (2000), S. 139-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Key words: Confluent hypergeometric, generalised inverse Gaussian, Halphen system of distributions, modified Bessel, randomisation, simulation, sufficient statistics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. Some of the considerable statistical content of modified Bessel functions of the second kind and of Tricomi's confluent hypergeometric function is illustrated. Moment solutions for the parameters of exponential class distribution functions based on both are derived. Unlike the generalised inverse Gaussian, the Tricomi exponential distribution is little known but it emerges that it is of wide applicability, highly flexible and has the gamma distribution as a special case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009777
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guest Editor's Comment: Environmental Exposures, Stochasticity, Risk and Decisions (2000)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 14 (2000), S. 159-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009778
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multistage, stochastic models of the cancer process: A general theory for calculating tumor incidence (2000)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 14 (2000), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract.  The use of complicated models of the cancer process has been limited by the need to have a mathematical framework allowing for a general expansion of the theory of carcinogenesis while maintaining numerically tractable results. A system of ordinary differential equations is derived for calculating tumor incidence in multistage models of carcinogenesis. The resulting system of equations is applicable to nonhomogenous processes (i.e. ones in which the rates change with time, age, etc.). In addition, a solution is given for the case of instantaneous initiation. These formulae can easily be coupled with physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models to link biomarkers of exposure to cancer risks. An example is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009780
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risks of global warming on montane and subalpine forests in Switzerland – a modeling study (2000)
    Springer
    Regional environmental change 1 (2000), S. 99-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-378X
    Keywords: Spatially explicit model Individual tree species Global change Switzerland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract. In this study, we assess the risks of global warming on distributions of individual tree species in Switzerland. Applying a spatially explicit model, tree occurrence is predicted as a function of high resolution and physiologically relevant biophysical variables. The study shows that warming only slightly alters the overall abundance of tree species. However, the preferred temperature regimes are unevenly distributed along an elevational gradient, and the sensitivity to temperature varies considerably between the species. As a result, major reorganizations of forests in montane and subalpine belts are expected, i.e., a segregation of the core distributions of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies is observed. Tree distribution potentials near timberlines, however, remain roughly the same.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101130000018
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human impacts on methane emission from mangrove ecosystems in India (2000)
    Springer
    Regional environmental change 1 (2000), S. 86-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-378X
    Keywords: Key words Mangroves ; Methane efflux ; Anthropogenic alterations ; Emission inventory for mangroves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This study deals with the emission of methane in relation to changing environmental conditions and human impact, in three mangrove ecosystems of south India. Time-varying fluxes of methane adopting the close chamber technique were used to estimate CH4 emission from an unpolluted site (Pichavaram mangroves) and two polluted sites viz. (1) Ennore Creek mangroves (affected by fertilizer effluents and crude oil discharges) and (2) Adyar estuary mangroves (affected by the discharges of organic and industrial wastes), covering monthly and seasonal variations. The results indicate annual average CH4 emissions of 7.4, 5.02 and 15.4 mg m−2 h−1 from the sediment–water interface of the Pichavaram, Ennore Creek and Adyar estuary respectively. Emission characteristics obtained at Pichavaram mangroves represent a natural variability with changing physico-chemical factors, whereas the emission characteristics at Ennore Creek and Adyar estuary mangroves show anthropogenic influence. Several environmental factors such as oxygen availability, organic matter, soil physical and chemical properties, in addition to human-mediated interventions have been identified as influencing emission rates in the mangrove ecosystems. Preliminary CH4 emission estimates for the mangrove ecosystems along the Indian sub- continent and the tropical and subtropical coastline of the world by linear extrapolation based on surface area range from 0.05 to 0.37 and 2.8 to 19.25 Tg CH4 year−1 respectively. Our results also highlight the impact of human activities on future emission of methane from the mangrove ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011537
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    European regulations to reduce lead emissions from automobiles – did they have an economic impact on the German gasoline and automobile markets? (2000)
    Springer
    Regional environmental change 1 (2000), S. 135-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-378X
    Keywords: Environmental regulation Lead emission Leaded gasoline Unleaded gasoline Refinery Automobile market Low-emission car Catalyst Gasoline market
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract. Environmental protection policies in the automobile market were not implemented until the motorisation of the masses in the 1960s caused an increasing environmental burden. The rising air pollution was considered a latent danger to humans, animals and plants. In the years up to 1985 the EU passed several regulations to limit the mass pollutants CO, CxHy and NOx. Germany was the first EU-member nation to also be concerned with lead in gasoline, passing reduction regulations as early as 1971. In 1986, several EU-member nations implemented the supply of unleaded gasoline. This decision was predominantly based on information about widespread forest damage. The reduction of lead emissions due to these regulations could be verified in different environmental systems. An example of this was the decline of atmospheric lead concentrations and human blood lead levels in Germany. With regard to industries, the German mineral oil and automobile markets were affected mostly. The price trend of gasoline was no longer only influenced by varying crude oil prices but also by tax discrimination between leaded and unleaded fuel. With regard to the distribution system, the market positions particularly of the medium-sized traders and the independent importers were weakened. In the automobile market, favourable terms of competition were experienced by producers who had already gained experience with catalyst systems in the US market. The Gasoline Lead Content Regulations had no significant effects on further economic indicators, except for competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101130000019
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technologies for sustainable development (2000)
    Springer
    Clean products and processes 2 (2000), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-722X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100980050042
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clean production in semiconductor industry (2000)
    Springer
    Clean products and processes 2 (2000), S. 2-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-722X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100980050043
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News (2000)
    Springer
    Clean products and processes 2 (2000), S. 4-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-722X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100980050044
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