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  • Articles  (8)
  • morphology
  • Springer  (8)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2020-2023
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (8)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (8)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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Year
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location of genes involved in ear compactness in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by means of molecular markers (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: mapping ; morphology ; QTL ; RFLP ; spike density ; Triticeae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three traits related to ear morphology (spike length, number of spikelets, and compactness as the ratio between number of spikelets and spike length) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were mapped in a doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from the cross between the cultivars Courtot and Chinese Spring. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross that had previously been constructed based on 187 DH lines and 380 markers was used for QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (85%) except chromosomes 1D and 4D and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced (one marker each 15.5 cM) were chosen for marker regression analysis. The presence of a QTL was declared at a significance threshold α = 0.001. The population was grown in one location under field conditions during three years (1994, 1995 and 1998). For each trait, 4 to 6 QTLs were identified with individual effects ranging between 6.9% and 21.8% of total phenotypic variation. Several QTLs were detected that affected more than one trait. Of the QTLs 50% were detected in more than one year and two of them (number of spikelets on chromosome 2B, and compactness on chromosome 2D) emerged from the data from the three years. Only one QTL co-segregated with the gene Q known to be involved in ear morphology, namely the speltoid phenotype. However, this chromosome region explained only a minor part of the variation (7.5–11%). Other regions had a stronger effect, especially two previously unidentified regions located on chromosomes 1A and 2B. The region on the long arm of chromosome 1A was close to the locus XksuG34-1A and explained 12% of variation in spike length and 10% for compactness. On chromosome 2B, the QTL was detected for the three traits near the locus Xfbb121-2B. This QTL explained 9% to 22% of variation for the traits and was located in the same region as the gene involved in photoperiod response (Ppd2). Other regions were located at homoeologous positions on chromosomes 2A and 2D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009688011563
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from different genera: form, function and detection (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 226 (2000), S. 131-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizas ; ecological function ; isozymes ; morphology ; mycelium architecture ; molecular probes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract It is often assumed that all species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the same function because of the ubiquity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and the fact that all AMF occupy the same plant/soil niche. Despite apparent differences in the timing of evolutionary divergence and the morphological characteristics of AMF from the different genera, the majority of studies on these fungi use only species of Glomus. There is increasing evidence, however, that the mechanisms involved in the establishment of a mycorrhiza may differ for species and genera of AMF and influence their subsequent function. The aim of this paper is to highlight the diversity in the form and function of AMF from different genera, knowledge of which is vital in understanding their ecological roles. Potential use of biochemical and molecular approaches to detect AMF in planta and ex planta is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026574828169
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological relationships among 15 species of Trifolium occurring in Poland (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: morphology ; numerical taxonomy ; phenetics ; Trifolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Populations of 15 Trifolium species were morphologically assayed to elucidate species relationships and taxonomic arrangements in the genus. Twenty-one characters were scored and analyzed by numerical methods. All species proved to be heterogenous. The levels of dissimilarity among populations of the same species ranged from around 0.05 to around 0.6. Cluster analysis divided all taxa into two major groups of species which were joined at D (Euclidean Distance) around 0.9. Within the first group three major sub-groups were revealed, comprising T. hybridum L., T. repens L., T. strepens Cr., T. dubium Sibth., T. campestre Schreb., T. patens Schreb. and T. fragiferum L. The second major group consisted of T. pannonicum L., T. arvense L., T. montanum L., T. incarnatum L., T. alpestre L., T. rubens L., T. pratense L. and T. medium L. The present results proved that the genus is very heterogenous, and support the hypothesis that the section Lotoidea was probably the stock from which other sections derived. Morphological relationships among 15 Trifolium species support their taxonomic arrangements proposed by Zohary & Heller (1984), with some exceptions. Sectional positions of T. montanum and T. strepens should be reexamined. Conspecific ranks for three species of section Chronosemum – T. dubium, T. campestre and T. patens – should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008707024828
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of the Sheanut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) in Ghana (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: clinal trends ; isozymes ; morphology ; population variance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Sheanut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) is highly valued for oil obtained from its seeds and frequently maintained in the semi-arid parklands of sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Uganda. Although variation has been noted for V. paradoxa subsp. paradoxa, few studies have been undertaken on patterns of phenotypic or genotypic diversity. Results are presented from 294 accessions collected in Ghana, using easily quantifiable morphological parameters. Productive mature trees varied from shrubby multi-stemmed individuals (height 〈5 m) to 30-m straight-boled trees with high compact canopies. The leaf lamina (tree mean ±% coefficient of variation of total mean) varied from 9.2 to 22.5 cm (±15.0%); seed length from 1.74 to 3.74 cm (±11.7%); and fat content from 29.1 to 61.9% of dry kernel weight (±9.4%). Clinal trends significantly correlated with location parameters that in turn related to environmental variation. Population variation of seed characteristics increased to the Northeast, perpendicular to the annual movement of the inter-tropical convergence zone. It is proposed that this is a consequence of past climatic changes, coupled with a lack of methodical selection for seed type when trees are maintained on agricultural land. Isozyme analysis revealed moderate to high levels of heterozygosity (He 0.2142) and high geneflow (Fst = 0.0124, Nm = 19.9), supporting results obtained from morphological studies. Isozyme and multivariate morphology analyses showed similar but weak geographical separation patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008710331325
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phenetic analysis of morphological variation in Citrullus lanatus in Namibia (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 385-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Citrullus lanatus ; cluster analysis ; evolution ; morphology ; watermelon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Morphological data recorded from field trials using Citrullus lanatus germplasm collected in Namibia were used to analyse and compare the various morphotypes of this species. The experiment comprised wild types and local landraces as well as commercial cultivars. Cluster analysis supported the indigenous classification system used in Namibia, in which Citrullus types are distinguished based on gross morphology, ecology and usage and grouped into seed, cooking and fresh-eating (watermelon) types. Commercial watermelon cultivars formed a distinct cluster. Wide variation was found within the local types whereas the genetic basis of the commercial type appears to be narrow. The commercial cultivars were most closely related to local watermelon types and more distantly related to the wild types, whereas the cooking melons form an intermediate group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008751319879
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in the apportionment of molecular and morphological variation in North American strawberry and the consequences for genetic resource management (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 647-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Fragaria chiloensis ; Fragaria virginiana ; genetic resources ; morphology ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Variation for 24 morphological traits measured in a greenhouse environment and 36 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was assessed among 318 wild octoploid strawberry (Fragariaspp.) genotypes from diverse habitats across the northern USA. RAPD marker frequencies and certain leaf and flower morphology traits (petiole color, leaf mass/area ratio, leaflet length and width, flower and receptacle diameter, petal width, flowers/inflorescence) were significantly different between the F. chiloensis-platypetala and F. virginiana-glauca species complexes. The proportion of variation accounted for by provenance effects was lower for the RAPD markers than for most morphological traits, especially in the F. virginiana-glauca species complex. Morphological traits of potential adaptive importance group the collection into provenances within each species-complex, and reflect the significant habitat and geographic differences across the region from which the germplasm was collected. Variation among populations within provenances was low for the molecular and most morphological traits, with a much larger amount of variability among plants within populations. Most of the variation for the presumably more selectively-neutral RAPD data was among plants within populations and populations within provenances rather than among the provenances that were recognized based on morphological traits, especially in the F. virginiana-glauca complex. Patterns of diversity for morphological traits must be considered, along with more selectively-neutral molecular characters such as RAPDs, to formulate effective sampling strategies and to properly estimate the quantity and apportionment of diversity within this germplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026530125493
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic acclimation of shade-grown red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings to a high light environment (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 19 (2000), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence ; competition ; morphology ; photosynthesis ; red pine ; stomatal conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Photosynthetic light acclimation in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings was examined in a greenhouse study to better understand the physiological response of this species to increased light intensity following release from competition. Seedlings grown in a high (HL), medium (ML) or low (LL) light environment for 12 weeks were transferred to high light. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of ML and LL seedlings were measured prior to and following transfer and compared with the HL control treatment. Photosynthetic characteristics were related to initial light treatment and time after transfer. Acclimation of gas exchange features to high light in shade formed ML and LL foliage was relatively rapid, with similar values among light treatments within 57 days of transfer. Acclimation of net photosynthetic rate was similar in ML and LL seedlings, and was associated primarily with increased mesophyll conductance to CO2. The ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) decreased initially after transfer, especially in LL seedlings, but recovered to normal values after 57 days. Red pine seedlings appear to be well adapted for photosynthetic acclimation to high light intensity, consistent with that reported for other early successional tree species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006668928091
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of Pestalotiopsis Associated with Hardy Ornamental Plants in the UK (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 106 (2000), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Pestalotiopsis sydowiana ; morphology ; pathogenicity ; ericaceous plants ; conifers ; temperature ; pH ; water potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pestalotiopsis isolates obtained from the foliage, stem-base and roots of hardy ornamentals grown on commercial nurseries in the UK were identified and characterised according to pathogenicity and colony morphology. All 18 isolates were identified as Pestalotiopsis sydowiana on the basis of conidia morphology, and confirmation of identification was made by experts at CABI Bioscience. Isolates were pathogenic on the host from which originally isolated. Typical symptoms included foliar browning of foliage and stems, and the presence of black or greenish-black acervuli on diseased tissue. Isolates were not host specific and infected other species of hardy ornamentals. Three colony types on potato dextrose agar were distinguished according to colour and production of acervuli by individual isolates. Three selected isolates of P. sydowiana were characterised by examining the effects of growth media, temperature, pH, and water potential on hyphal extension. Isolates grew well on commonly used growth media, including PDA, Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), V8 juice agar (V8), malt extract agar (MEA) and Czapek Dox agar (CDA). The optimum temperature for growth on PDA was in the range 20–25°C, with little or no growth occurring below 5°C or above 30°C. Hyphal extension occurred over a pH range between 2.6–8.6, with optimum values occurring at pH 5.5. In general, decreases in osmotic and matric potential caused a reduction in growth. Hyphal extension on media adjusted osmotically as NaCl ceased between −9.9 and −10.5 MPa. Isolates were more tolerant of osmotic than matric potential, with no growth occurring at −6.5 MPa on media adjusted with polyethylene glycol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008776611306
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