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  • Articles  (56)
  • climate change  (26)
  • biodegradation  (19)
  • pollution  (11)
  • Springer  (56)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2020-2023
  • 2005-2009  (2)
  • 2000-2004  (54)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (56)
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  • Articles  (56)
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  • Springer  (56)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption/Desorption of Polyvinyl Alcohol on Solid Substrates and Relevant Biodegradation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 8 (2000), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polyvinyl alcohol ; biodegradation ; soil, clay ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The rates and extents of absorption and desorption of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) samples on different solid substrates comprising montmorillonite, quartz sand, and farm soil, as well as humic acid mixture are reported. The uptake of PVA by the substrates was analyzed as a function of PVA hydrolysis (72–98%), molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution. Higher adsorption was detected on montmorillonite followed by farm soil, whereas the quartz sand did not display any specific adsorption affinity for the PVA. An increase in the hydrolysis degree of PVA increased the adsorption rate and extent whereas this feature was reversed by an increase in PVA molecular weight. The desorption of PVA samples from the different substrates was performed both under various pH conditions and in the presence of concentrated HF that was used to dissolve the silicon derivatives present in the substrates. Biodegradation experiments carried out in liquid cultures of PVA adsorbed on montmorillonite showed that the mineralization of the adsorbed PVA was much lower than that detected for the nonadsorbed PVA. This investigation suggests that irreversible adsorption of PVA on the clay component occurs in soil, thus substantially inhibiting PVA biodegradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011569920349
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation Kinetics of Biodegradable Fiber Composites (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 8 (2000), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polyester amide ; hemp fiber ; composite ; biodegradation ; carbon balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In a composite, fast degradable fibers determine the degradation of the slowly degradable matrix. Such biodegradable composites consisting of degummed hemp fibers and a polyester amide matrix were produced with fiber mass fractions between 0 and 0.48. The hot-pressed plates, 1-mm thick, were incubated in a standard soil. The degradation kinetics was quantified by the measurement of CO2 production. Furthermore, after termination of experiment, the carbon balance was uncovered. The results were fitted to an exponential law taking into account the degradation of fibers. The increased amount of pores realized by high fiber contents induces pronounced degradation. The degradation is fully characterized by the time constant τ, which is correlated to the fiber mass fraction. The model allows to predict the degradation kinetics of composites with a few well-defined experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011574021257
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Sensitive Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Method for Detection of Polyimide Degradation by Microorganisms (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 8 (2000), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polyimides ; electronic insulation ; biodegradation ; biodeterioration ; fungi ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was evaluated for monitoring microbial degradation of electronic packaging polyimides. The microbial inoculum was a mixed culture of fungi isolated previously from deteriorated polyimides. The active fungal consortium comprised Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and a Chaetomium species. After inoculation, fungal growth on the polyimides resulted in distinctive EIS spectra indicative of polymer insulation failure, which directly related to polymer integrity. Degradation appeared to occur in a number of steps and two distinctive stages in the decline of film resistance were observed in the inoculated EIS cells within the 2 and 10 weeks after inoculation. The early stage of resistance decrease may be related to the ingress of water molecules and ionic species into the polymeric materials, whereas the second stage probably resulted from partial degradation of the polymers by fungal growth on the polymer film. The relationship between changes of impedance spectra and microbial degradation of the polymer was further supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of fungi growing on the surface of the inoculated polyimides. Our data indicate that the EIS can be used in detection of early degradation of resistant polymers and polyimides that are susceptible to biodeterioration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015293626335
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extruded Cornstarch-Glycerol-Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends: Mechanical Properties, Morphology, and Biodegradability (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 8 (2000), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Extruded ; polyvinyl alcohol ; starch ; glycerol ; biodegradation ; films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Elongation properties of extruded cornstarch were improved by blending with glycerol. Further blending of starch-glycerol with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) resulted in significant improvements in both tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break. Samples of starch-glycerol without PVOH equilibrated at 50% relative humidity had a TS of 1.8 MPa and elongation of 113%, whereas those containing PVOH had a TS and elongation of 4 MPa and 150%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of starch-glycerol-PVOH blends showed that decreases in glass transition temperatures (T g values) were proportional to glycerol content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fractured surfaces revealed numerous cracks in starch-glycerol (80:20) samples. Cracks were absent in starch-glycerol (70:30) samples. In both blends, many starch granules were exposed at the surface. No exposed starch granules were visible in blends with added PVOH. Starch-glycerol samples incubated in compost lost up to 70% of their dry weight within 22 days. Addition of PVOH lowered both the rate and extent of biodegradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015201928153
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of Chitosan-Gellan and Poly(L-lysine)-Gellan Polyion Complex Fibers by Pure Cultures of Soil Filamentous Fungi (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 8 (2000), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polyion complex fibers ; biodegradation ; soil filamentous fungi, chitosan ; poly(L-lysine) ; gellan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The degradation of two kinds of polyion complex (PIC) fibers, chitosan-gellan (CGF), and poly(L-lysine)-gellan (LGF) fibers, by seven species of soil filamentous fungi has been investigated. All of the pure-line soil filamentous fungi, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium caseicolum, P. citrinum, Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Curvularia sp., and Cladosporium sp. grew on the two fiber materials. Microscopic observation of the biodegradation processes revealed that P. caseicolum on the CGF and LGF grew, along with the accompanying collapse of the fiber matrices. In the biochemical oxygen-demand (BOD) test, the biodegradation of the LGF by P. caseicolum and Curvularia sp. exceeded 97% carbon dioxide generation and the biodegradation of the CGF by A. oryzae was 59%. These results might offer some clues to the applications of the PIC fibers as environmentally biodegradable materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011517903510
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Fenitrothion-degrading Strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 and Cloning of mpd Gene (2006)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; Burkholderia ; fenitrothion ; mpd gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A short rod shaped, gram-negative bacterium strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 was isolated from the sludge of the wastewater treating system of an organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer. The isolate was capable of using fenitrothion as the sole carbon source for its growth. FDS-1 first hydrolyzed fenitrothion to 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, which was further metabolized to nitrite and methylhydroquinone. The addition of other carbon source and omitting phosphorus source had little effect on the hydrolysis of fenitrothion. The gene encoding the organophosphorus hydrolytic enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was similar to mpd, a gene previously shown to encode a parathion-methyl-hydrolyzing enzyme in Plesiomonas sp. M6. The inoculation of strain FDS-1 (106 cells g−1) to soil treated with 100 mg fenitrothion emulsion kg−1 resulted in a higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soils regardless of the soil sterilized or nonsterilized. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium to be used in the cleanup of contaminated pesticide waste in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-7130-2
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation and conversion of alkanes and crude oil by a marine Rhodococcus (2000)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 11 (2000), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; cellular fatty acids ; crude oil ; end products ; hydrocarbons ; rhodococcus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A hydrocarbon degrader isolated from a chronically oil-polluted marine site was identified as Rhodococcus sp. on the basis of morphology, fatty acid methyl ester pattern, cell wall analysis, biochemical tests and G + C content of DNA. It degraded upto 50% of the aliphatic fraction of Assam crude oil, in seawater supplemented with 35 mM nitrogen as urea and 0.1 mM phosphorus as dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate, after 72 h at 30 ° and 150 revolutions per minute. The relative percentage of intracellular fatty acid was higher in hydrocarbon-grown cells compared to fructose-grown cells. The fatty acids C16 , C1616 :1 C18 and C18 : 1 were constitutively present regardless of the growth substrate. In addition to these constitutive acids, other intracellular fatty acids varied in correlation to the hydrocarbon chain length supplied as a substrate. When grown on odd carbon number alkanes, the isolate released only monocarboxylic acids into the growth medium. On even carbon number alkanes only dicarboxylic acids were produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011185806974
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of microbial polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in environmental samples and in culture (2000)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 11 (2000), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; microbial polyester ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] test-pieces prepared from the polymer produced by Azotobacter chroococcum were degraded in natural environments like soil, water, compost and sewage sludge incubated under laboratory conditions. Degradation in terms of % weight loss of the polymer was maximum (45%) in sewage sludge after 200 days of incubation at 30°C. The P(3HB)-degrading bacterial cultures (36) isolated from degraded test-pieces showed different degrees of degradation in polymer overlayer method. The extent of P(3HB) degradation increases up to 12 days of incubation and was maximum at 30°C for majority of the cultures. For most efficient cultures the optimum concentration of P(3HB) for degradation was 0.3% (w/v). Supplementation of soluble carbon sources like glucose, fructose and arabinose reduced the degradation while it was almost unaffected with lactose. Though the cultures degraded P(3HB) significantly, they were comparatively less efficient in utilizing copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate [P(3HB-co-3HV)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011162624704
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of biofiltration to the degradation of hydrogen sulfide in gas effluents (2000)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 11 (2000), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; biofiltration ; hydrogen sulfide ; malodorous compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory scale bioreactor has been designed and set up in order to degrade hydrogen sulfide from an air stream. The reactor is a vertical column of 7 litre capacity and 1 meter in height. It is divided into three modules and each module is filled with pellets of agricultural residues as packing bed material. The gas stream fed into the reactor through the upper inlet consists of a mixture of hydrogen sulfide and humidified air. The hydrogen sulfide content in the inlet gas stream was increased in stages until the degradation efficiency was below 90%. The parameters to be controlled in order to reach continuous and stable operation were temperature, moisture content and the percentage of the compound to be degraded at the inlet and outlet gas streams (removal or elimination efficiency). When the H2S mass loading rate was between 10 and 40 g m-3h-1, the removal efficiency was greater than 90%. The support material had a good physical performance throughout operation time, which is evidence that this material is suitable for biofiltration purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011615906278
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and identification of thiocyanate utilizing chemolithotrophs from gold mine soils (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: 16S rDNA ; biodegradation ; Biolog ; Klebsiella ; thiocyanate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A mixed bacterial culture capable of growing in potassium-thiocyanatecontaining medium (200 mg KSCN) has been isolated from bacterial suspensions of soilsamples collected near gold mines in Kumjung (Korea). The isolates were initially characterized by metabolic profile analysis and were identified as Bacillus thermoglucosidasius,Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mycoides, Brevibacteriumepidermidis, Brevibacterium otitidis, and Corynebacterium nitrilophilus.One of the seven isolates was initially characterized as Brevibacterium epidermidis,which is not known to degrade thiocyanate. However, using 16S rDNA sequencing, thisstrain was identified as a member of Klebsiella. The strain shows high similarityvalues (95.8 to 96.4%) with Klebsiella species, and the closest known relative was foundto be K. ornithinolytica ATCC 31898. The result indicates that species of the genusKlebsiella were the closest phylogenetic relatives of the investigated strain. This isthe first known report of a member of Klebsiella that is capable of utilizing thiocyanate assole source of carbon and nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024256932414
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