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  • Other Sources  (4)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2020-2024  (3)
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  • 1
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    A significant upper limit for the rate of formation, of OCS from the reaction of OH with CS2 (1980)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 7 (10). pp. 797-800.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-30
    Description: The rate of reaction of OH with CS2 to form OCS by reaction (1) has been measured through observation of O14CS following 254 nm equation image photolysis of mixtures of H2O2 with 14CS2. The OH concentrations have been monitored through simultaneous measurement in the same cell of either (a) the oxidation of CO to CO2, or (b) the removal of a hydrocarbon such as C3H8 or iso-C4H10. The upper limit for the formation of OCS based on (a) corresponds to a rate constant k1 〈 0.3 × 10−14 cm³ molecule−1 sec−1. Other chemical reactions in the system have led to the formation of both 14CO and 14CO2, indicating the existence of a complex combination of reactions such that the observed O14CS need not have been formed by (1). The rate of reaction (1) is sufficiently slow that it is neither an important atmospheric sink for CS2 nor an important source for atmospheric OCS. The reaction of OH with OCS has not been measured in these experiments, but by analogy with k1 it is probably not an important atmospheric sink for OCS nor an important source of SO2.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Ocean Acidification and Coastal Marine Invertebrates: Tracking CO2 Effects from Seawater to the Cell (2020)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: In the last few decades, numerous studies have investigated the impacts of simulated ocean acidification on marine species and communities, particularly those inhabiting dynamic coastal systems. Despite these research efforts, there are many gaps in our understanding, particularly with respect to physiological mechanisms that lead to pathologies. In this review, we trace how carbonate system disturbances propagate from the coastal environment into marine invertebrates and highlight mechanistic links between these disturbances and organism function. We also point toward several processes related to basic invertebrate biology that are severely understudied and prevent an accurate understanding of how carbonate system dynamics influence organismic homeostasis and fitness-related traits. We recommend that significant research effort be directed to studying cellular phenotypes of invertebrates acclimated or adapted to elevated seawater pCO2 using biochemical and physiological methods.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Organic Matter Supply and Utilization in Oxygen Minimum Zones (2022)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Organic matter (OM) plays a significant role in the formation of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and associated biogeochemical cycling. OM supply processes to the OMZ include physical transport, particle formation, and sinking as well as active transport by migrating zooplankton and nekton. In addition to the availability of oxygen and other electron acceptors, the remineralization rate of OM is controlled by its biochemical quality. Enhanced microbial respiration of OM can induce anoxic microzones in an otherwise oxygenated water column. Reduced OM degradation under low-oxygen conditions, on the other hand, may increase the CO2 storage time in the ocean. Understanding the interdependencies between OM and oxygen cycling is of high relevance for an ocean facing deoxygenation as a consequence of global warming. In this review, we describe OM fluxes into and cycling within two large OMZs associated with eastern boundary upwelling systems that differ greatly in the extent of oxygen loss: the highly oxygen-depleted OMZ in the tropical South Pacific and the moderately hypoxic OMZ in the tropical North Atlantic. We summarize new findings from a large German collaborative research project, Collaborative Research Center 754 (SFB 754), and identify knowledge gaps and future research priorities.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    The Land–Sea Connection: Insights Into the Plant Lineage from a Green Algal Perspective (2022)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The colonization of land by plants generated opportunities for the rise of new heterotrophic life forms, including humankind. A unique event underpinned this massive change to earth ecosystems-the advent of eukaryotic green algae. Today, an abundant marine green algal group, the prasinophytes, alongside prasinodermophytes and nonmarine chlorophyte algae, is facilitating insights into plant developments. Genome-level data allow identification of conserved proteins and protein families with extensive modifications, losses, or gains and expansion patterns that connect to niche specialization and diversification. Here, we contextualize attributes according to Viridiplantae evolutionary relationships, starting with orthologous protein families, and then focusing on key elements with marked differentiation, resulting in patchy distributions across green algae and plants. We place attention on peptidoglycan biosynthesis, important for plastid division and walls; phytochrome photosensors that are master regulators in plants; and carbohydrate-active enzymes, essential to all manner of carbohydratebiotransformations. Together with advances in algal model systems, these areas are ripe for discovering molecular roles and innovations within and across plant and algal lineages
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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