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  • Other Sources  (4)
  • isotopes  (2)
  • water quality  (2)
  • John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  (4)
  • 2020-2022  (4)
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  • Other Sources  (4)
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  • 2020-2022  (4)
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  • 1
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    Urban water systems under climate stress: An isotopic perspective from Berlin, Germany (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Large urban areas are typically characterized by a mosaic of different land uses, with contrasting mixes of impermeable and permeable surfaces that alter “green” and “blue” water flux partitioning. Understanding water partitioning in such heterogeneous environments is challenging but crucial for maintaining a sustainable water management during future challenges of increasing urbanization and climate warming. Stable isotopes in water have outstanding potential to trace the partitioning of rainfall along different flow paths and identify surface water sources. While isotope studies are an established method in many experimental catchments, surprisingly few studies have been conducted in urban environments. Here, we performed synoptic sampling of isotopes in precipitation, surface water and groundwater across the complex city landscape of Berlin, Germany, for a large ‐scale overview of the spatio‐temporal dynamics of urban water cycling. By integrating stable isotopes of water with other hydrogeochemical tracers we were able to identify contributions of groundwater, surface runoff during storm events and effluent discharge on streams with variable degrees of urbanization. We could also assess the influence of summer evaporation on the larger Spree and Havel rivers and local wetlands during the exceptionally warm and dry summers of 2018 and 2019. Our results demonstrate that using stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical data in urban areas has great potential to improve our understanding of water partitioning in complex, anthropogenically‐affected landscapes. This can help to address research priorities needed to tackle future challenges in cities, including the deterioration of water quality and increasing water scarcity driven by climate warming, by improving the understanding of time‐variant rainfall‐runoff behaviour of urban streams, incorporating field data into ecohydrological models, and better quantifying urban evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.
    Description: Seasonal isotope and hydrogeochemical dynamics of surface‐ and groundwater in a large urban area following the dry summer of 2018, which was characterized by a temperature anomaly and precipitation deficit.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551 ; ecohydrology ; hydrogeochemistry ; isotopes ; tracers ; urban green spaces ; urban hydrology
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Revisiting global trends in freshwater insect biodiversity: A reply (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Jähnig et al. make some useful points regarding the conclusions that can be drawn from our meta‐analysis; however, some issues require clarification. First, we never suggested that there was a globally increasing trend of freshwater insect abundances, but only spoke of an average increasing trend in the available data. We also did not suggest that freshwater quality has improved globally, but rather that documented improvements in water quality can explain at least some of the trends we observed. Second, as we acknowledged, our data are not a representative set of freshwater ecosystems around the world, but they are what is currently accessible. Third, there is indeed no doubt that changes in abundance or biomass need not correlate with changes in other aspects of biodiversity, such as species richness or functional composition. Our analysis was specifically focused on trends in community abundance/biomass because it has been the subject of recent study and speculation, and is a widely available metric in long‐term studies. To better understand the recent changes in freshwater insect assemblages, we encourage freshwater ecologists to further open their troves of data from countless long‐term monitoring schemes so that larger and more comprehensive syntheses can be undertaken. This article is categorized under: Water and Life 〉 Conservation, Management, and Awareness
    Description: Biodiversity synthesis is always limited by the available data, but still moves our understanding beyond case studies. Image by Hans Braxmeier from Pixabay.com. image
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Russian Foundation for Basic Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002261
    Keywords: 560 ; arthropods ; biomass ; long‐term ; monitoring ; water quality
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Isotope‐aided modelling of ecohydrologic fluxes and water ages under mixed land use in Central Europe: The 2018 drought and its recovery (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Understanding the interactions of vegetation and soil water under varying hydrological conditions is crucial to aid quantitative assessment of land‐use sustainability for maintaining water supply for humans and plants. Isolating and estimating the volume and ages of water stored within different compartments of the critical zone, and the associated fluxes of evaporation, transpiration, and groundwater recharge, facilitates quantification of these soil–plant‐water interactions and the response of ecohydrological fluxes to wet and dry periods. We used the tracer‐aided ecohydrological model EcH2O‐iso to examine the response of water ages of soil water storage, groundwater recharge, evaporation, and root‐uptake at a mixed land use site, in northeastern Germany during the drought of 2018 and in the following winter months. The approach applied uses a dynamic vegetation routine which constrains water use by ecological mechanisms. Two sites with regionally typical land‐use types were investigated: a forested site with sandy soils and a deep rooting zone and a grassland site, with loamier soils and shallower rooting zone. This results in much younger water ages (〈1 year) through the soil profile in the forest compared to the grass, coupled with younger groundwater recharge. The higher water use in the forest resulted in a more pronounced annual cycle of water ages compared to the more consistent water age in the loamier soil of the grasslands. The deeper rooting zone of the forested site also resulted in older root‐uptake water usage relative to soil evaporation, while the grassland site root‐uptake was similar to that of soil evaporation. Besides more dynamic water ages in the forest, replenishment of younger soil waters to soil storage was within 6 months following the drought (cf. 〉8 months in the grassland). The temporal evaluation of the responsiveness of soil and vegetation interactions in hydrologic extremes such as 2018 is essential to understand changes in hydrological processes and the resilience of the landscape to the longer and more severe summer droughts predicted under future climate change.
    Keywords: 333.91 ; Ecohydrological modelling ; forest hydrology ; isotopes ; tracer‐aided modelling ; transit times ; water ages
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Comparison of environmental tracers including organic micropollutants as groundwater exfiltration indicators into a small river of a karstic catchment (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Understanding groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions is vital for water management in karstic catchments due to its impact on water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the applicability of seven environmental tracers to quantify and localize groundwater exfiltration into a small, human‐impacted karstic river system. Tracers were selected based on their emission source to the surface water either as (a) dissolved, predominantly geogenic compounds (radon‐222, sulphate and electrical conductivity) or (b) anthropogenic compounds (predominantly) originating from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents (carbamazepine, tramadol, sodium, chloride). Two contrasting sampling approaches were compared (a) assuming steady‐state flow conditions and (b) considering the travel time of the water parcels (Lagrangian sampling) through the catchment to account for diurnal changes in inflow from the WWTP. Spatial variability of the concentrations of all tracers indicated sections of preferential groundwater inflow. Lagrangian sampling techniques seem highly relevant for capturing dynamic concentration patterns of WWTP‐derived compounds. Quantification of GW inflow with the finite element model FINIFLUX, based on observed in‐stream Rn activities led to plausible fluxes along the investigated river reaches (0.265 m3 s−1), while observations of other natural or anthropogenic environmental tracers produced less plausible water fluxes. Important point sources of groundwater exfiltration can be ascribed to locations where the river crosses geological fault lines. This indicates that commonly applied concepts describing groundwater–surface water interactions assuming diffuse flow in porous media are difficult to transfer to karstic river systems whereas concepts from fractured aquifers may be more applicable. In general, this study helps selecting the best suited hydrological tracer for GW exfiltration and leads to a better understanding of processes controlling groundwater inflow into karstic river systems.
    Description: Karst aquifers represent an increased complexity when aiming to measure the interaction between groundwater and river water. Combining field‐based measurements on catchment scale and modelling, the applicability of ‘classical’ environmental groundwater tracers was compared to selected organic (micro)pollutants often considered as conservative and originally arising from a wastewater treatment plant. This study demonstrates that the choice of an appropriate tracer is crucial when either aiming to quantify groundwater exfiltration into karstic river systems, or indicating hydrological processes, applying (globally) omnipresent pollutants.
    Description: German Research Foundation (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551.46 ; carbamazepine ; groundwater inflow ; Lagrangian sampling ; radon ; wastewater treatment plant ; water quality
    Type: article
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