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  • 1
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    The possibilities and dangers in using malachite green in pisciculture.[Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.3 17-21, 1969.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4804 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:52:21 | 4804 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: For many years a dye has been used in the practise of pisciculture and pond management, which is known by the name of malachite green, and is used to combat fungus on fish, fish eggs and external animal parasites on fish. The authors describe the problem of the application of malachite green in pisciculture and undertake special, complementary research.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Dyes ; Fish culture ; Freshwater fish ; Fish eggs ; Fungal diseases ; Toxicity tests ; Experimental research ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rutilus rutilus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 2
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    Histochemical investigations on the interrenal system of the brook lamprey (Lapetra planeri Bloch). [Translation from: Acta biol.med.germ. 24, 553-554, 1970. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4810 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:52:45 | 4810 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Histochemical experiments are conducted in order to study the interrenal cells of European brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri).
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Histochemistry ; Histology ; Fish larvae ; Cells ; Lampetra planeri ; Petromyzon marinus
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  • 3
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    Investigations into the structure and function of the exocrine pancreas of lampreys. [Translation from: Morph.Jb. 110 245-269, 1967.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4820 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:51:24 | 4820 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: As representatives of the most primitive of recent vertebrate groups, lampreys show fundamental differences in different features of organisation to the species of the remaining classes of vertebrates. The topical distinction between exocrine and endocrine pancreas is also considered among the morphological peculiarities of Petromyzontida. This study aims to contribute to a further explanation of this phenomenon. 50 brook lampreys were histologically examined.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Histology ; Fish larvae ; Cells ; Pancreas ; Lampetra planeri ; Lampetra japonica
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  • 4
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    A biologically active peptide in the skin of lampreys (Eudontomyzon danfordi vladykovi). [Translation from: Z.Naturforsch. (B), 26(10), 1021-1023, 1971. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4814 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:52:01 | 4814 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: In recent years interest in the production and description of kinin-type substances has been greatly intensified. So, for example, bradykinin, phyllokinin, physalaemin, ranatensin and caerulein could be extracted from the skin of amphibians as well as. eledoisin out of the salivary glands of Eledon moschata. An examination of lampreys seemed to us particularly profitable in the search for the incidence of further kinins. Ammocoetes of different sizes and also adults of both sexes of the species Eudontomyzon danfordi vladykovi were studied in this research. This species is found in many tributaries of the Danube. Skin extracts were tested on on isolated rat uterus, rat duodenum, guinea pig ileum and rabbit jejunum, further tests were done in order to determine a peptide character of the biologically active substance.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Toxicity tests ; Skin ; Peptides ; Chemical analysis ; Chemical reactions ; Experimental research ; Eudontomyzon danfordi
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  • 5
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    'Fa Tsai', a Chinese edible Nostoc in market. [Translation from: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology 8 124-126, 1960. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4837 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:50:12 | 4837 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The Nostoc 'Fa Tsai' is sometimes seen in Chinese cooking materials stores. It is investigated what 'Fa Tsai' consists of and where it originates.
    Description: Translated from Japanese into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Sociology ; Algae ; Food composition ; Sociological aspects
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  • 6
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    Cytological aspects of gonadotropic cells and pre-opticoneurohypophysial neurosecretion during the ovarian cycle of Eudontomyzon danfordi. [Translation from: Studia Univ.Babes-Bolyai, Biologia 18 105-113, 1973.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4845 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:49:33 | 4845 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The connection between the activity of the gonadotropic cells of the hypophysis and the neurosecretion in the pre-optico neuro-hypophysial system in different groups of vertebrates has been examined by many authors. It has been established that in many species there exists some kind of synchronism between the sexual cycle and the cellular activity of neurosecretion, a fact that has led to the prevailing idea that gonadotropic activity in the hypophysis is regulated by the hypothalamus. This paper summarises the results of experiments made in this direction on Cyclostomata. The materials for research came from adult individuals of Eudontomyson danfordi Regan taken from the rivers Somes-Rece and Ivo (Harghita district) at different times of the year.
    Description: Translated from Romanian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Histology ; Cytology ; Secretion ; Staining
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  • 7
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    Experiments with the hatching of salmon spawn 1966-1971. [Translation from: Vann 1972(1) 86-938, 1972] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4855 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:01 | 4855 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Experiments were undertaken with the purpose to find out the tolerance of different species of salmon fish in acid hatching water and if different strains of the same species differ in their response. The study was made in the Fins-river hatchery, Marnardal and the assumption tested that the salmon and trout stock from Sorland are adapted to the more acid milieu, and thus more robust in acid water than are comparable fish stocks from areas where the water is only a bit acid or neutral.
    Description: Translated from Norwegian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Hatching ; Experimental research ; Acidity ; Kelt ; Norway ; Salmonidae
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  • 8
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    Diurnal periodicity of winter activity in the perch, Perca fluviatilis L. [Translation from: Kalamies 1973(1) 3.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4873 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:47:26 | 4873 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Since 1967 data have been collected on the distribution of fish caught in a 24 hour period during the winter angling season. The present study on activity periods is based on data from nearly 2000 perch collected between 1967 and 1971. The distribution of number of fish caught during 24 hrs during December - May was studied. Of the total, the most productive period was found to be between 0600 - l600 hrs., with the peak period occurring between 0800 - 1000 hrs. The present data together show that during the darkest months of the year, the perch is only active in the mid-day period. Throughout the whole winter fishing season, activity only occurs during the time between surise and sunset.
    Description: Translated from Finnish into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Feeding ; Freshwater fish ; Activity patterns ; Light effects ; Winter ; Perca fluviatilis ; Finland
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  • 9
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    Seasonal variation in the diurnal periodicity of activity of the perch, Perca fluviatilis L. [Translation from: Kalamies 1973(3) 3.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4874 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:47:46 | 4874 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The most common catch of the amateur angler is the perch and it is the diurnal periodicity of activity (& catchability) which is examined in this study based on earlier articles and manuscripts by the authors. Of all environmental factors, variation in light and temperature are the chief reasons in establishing the times of activity periods. Winter, summer and autumn activity was studied. The spawning perch was found to be more active than the non-spawning perch. The time of day in which the fish may be active is dependant on its ability to sense changes in the external environment. Its adaptation to light is the reason for day-activity in the winter, and also accounts for the fact that hardly any activity occurs between sunset and sunrise when this period exceeds 6 hours.
    Description: Translated from Finnish into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Activity patterns ; Light effects ; Seasons ; Seasonal variations ; Temperature effects ; Water temperature ; Perca fluviatilis ; Finland
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  • 10
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    Diurnal periodicity of activity in the spawning perch P. fluviatilis L. [Translation from: Kalamies 1972(7) 3, 1972] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4872 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:47:24 | 4872 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Diurnal periodicity of spawning in the perch so far are rather meagre and found to be partly contrary to experiences of perch anglers. Therefore a study was made on the spawning during a 5-day period in the spring of 1971 in the Kuusamo area. Observations were made during the main spawning season, between 4- 9 June 1971. The perch were often measured, weighed and then released back into the water. The differences between spawning and non-spawning perch were studied as well as the time of roe discharge in a 24 hour period. Activity and environmental factors such as light intensity were also taken into consideration.
    Description: Translated from Finnish into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Spawning ; Freshwater fish ; Activity patterns ; Roes ; Light effects ; Perca fluviatilis ; Finland
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  • 11
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    Activity of perch, Perca fluviatilis L. in relation to water temperature [Translation from: Kalamies 1973(6) 4.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4875 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:47:47 | 4875 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Catchability and activity of Perca fluviatilis in relation to temperature is examined. The number of fish caught and water temperature during the 3 summer months was used the assess the numbers of hours of activity of perch. Parallel to the research on activity, large-scale marking was carried out to establish the periods of growth during the year.
    Description: Translated from Finnish into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Activity patterns ; Seasonal variations ; Temperature effects ; Water temperature ; Animal growth ; Catchability ; Perca fluviatilis ; Finland
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  • 12
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    On the diel rhythm of motor activity in perch [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.30, 12-14, 1976] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4885 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:46:45 | 4885 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The river perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) is most active in the daytime hours, and displays seasonal changes of diel rhythm with a break of the rhythm in spring and autumn. In the present work data were obtained on the motor activity of 3 perch measuring l8-20 cm, caught by net in the littoral of a reservoir and spawned under laboratory conditions. The degree of intensity of movement of perch was judged by special experiments. The results are summarised in this short paper.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Activity patterns ; Experimental research ; Perca fluviatilis
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  • 13
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    Reaction of fish to light (”Conclusions” only). [Translation from: Voprosy Ikhtiologii 6 17-20, 1956] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4879 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:47:15 | 4879 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the reaction of certain fish to light were tested and reasons for the attraction of certain fish to light are discussed.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental research ; Light effects ; Methodology
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  • 14
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    Studies on the mouth size of fish larvae. Method and conclusions only [Translation from: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 36, 353-368, 1970] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4883 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:46:22 | 4883 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This study was conducted to look into the relationship between mouth size and the total length of larval fish, and the growth in total length of larval fish in one or within a one-year period. Study material was gathered in the South China Sea, the Bay of Bangkok and the Vietnamese coast. This translation focuses on methods and conclusions of the original (longer) paper.
    Description: Translated from Japanese into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Animal morphology ; Morphometry ; Fish larvae
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  • 15
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    Fish zoning of some watercourses in Normandy [Translation from: Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fuer Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 18, 1135-1146, 1972] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4891 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:45:56 | 4891 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The identification of fish zones in western and central Europe has been the objective some major studies. This paper concerns a stream in Normandy specially studied by the author in 1969 and 1970 in the framework of a study on the role of the mean temperature in fish zoning. The paper propounds the comparative study of the morphodynamic and occasionally physico-chemical characteristics, as well as the results of previous sampling by electric fishing of the fish populations of two other streams of the higher Cretaceous layer and supplied by ”chalky” water in Normandy and Picardy.
    Description: Translated from French into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Ecological zonation ; Gradients ; Hydrobiology ; Rivers ; River discharge ; Freshwater fish ; Population characteristics ; Cretaceous ; France
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  • 16
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    The dynamics of the fecundity of fishes, for example the roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.). [conclusions and figure/table captions only] [Translation from: Voprosy Ikhtiologii 3(1) 67-83, 1963] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4897 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:43:43 | 4897 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The dynamics of the fecundity of roach, with emphasis on Rutilus rutilus (L.), were studied in waters in the European parts of the USSR. This translation provides conclusions, and figures and table captions only.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Fecundity ; Growth rate ; Russia ; Rutilus rutilus
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  • 17
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    Glycocalyx production in teleosts [Translation from: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, p.286, 1970] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4895 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:43:39 | 4895 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Shielding the organism against harmful effects from the environment is one of the most important tasks of the outer covering of all animals. The epidermis of primarily aquatic organisms and the epithelia of organs which are exposed to water, such as the digestive or the urinary system, possess a film of glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides, the glycocalyx. This short paper examines the relationship of the mucus cells with the glycocalyx.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Cytology ; Digestive system ; Freshwater fish ; Skin ; Teleostei
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  • 18
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    An identification key of the most important German freshwater teleost fishes by means of their eggs [Translation from: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 83(2), 200-212, 1978] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4904 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:44:35 | 4904 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: The fetal and larval development of many freshwater fish is already relatively well covered. Coverage of the morphology of fish-species' eggs is very sparse. For this reason the authors have attempted to prepare a key on fish eggs which covers the bulk of German Teleostei fish. The key also includes a discussion of problems of categorization and terminology.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Identification ; Identification keys ; Terminology ; Fish eggs ; Germany ; Teleostei
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  • 19
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    Selective plankton feeding by the coregonid ”bondella” (Coregonus sp.) of Lake Maggiore [Translation from: Translation from: Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott.Marco de Marchi 31 181-203, 1974] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4906 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:44:42 | 4906 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: In recent times, some specialists have begun to study the subject of food selection of fish in an organized way, thus highlighting its importance. In the present work, the author intends to evaluate the impact of predation on the eupelagic zooplanktonic biocenosis of Lake Maggiore, producing, in this way, as far as possible, a basis for a better understanding of the population dynamics of the species of zooplankton directly involved. Another aspect which has been studied is that related to the mechanism of selective capture set in action by the predator. To this end the study tries to bear in mind that the subject should be interpreted as a function of numerous factors acting contemporaneously, that is as the interaction of characters peculiar to the predator and to the prey. The species studied, locally called ”bondella”, belongs to the family Salmonidae, subfamily Coregoninae and was introduced into Lake Maggiore in 1950.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Predator prey interactions ; Zooplankton ; Feeding ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Lake Maggiore
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  • 20
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    Investigations on saprolegniosis. II. Study on the process of penetrations showing evidence of a proteolytic enzyme and histopathological aspects [Translation from: Riv.ital.Piscicolt.Ittiopatol. 11(4), 109-117, 1976] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4905 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:44:39 | 4905 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: The study of enzymatic activity is of great importance in the immunology of fungi. Indeed, knowledge of biological activity of antigenic structures is important for the elucidation of host-parasite relations as well as in the search for a taxonomic factor permitting differential diagnoses. The authors used Saprolegnia cultures to analyse soluble antigenic fractions arising from the mycelium of cultures of 4 species of Saprolegnia, which are found most frequently in the parasitic state on fish: S. parasitica, S. ferax, S. delica, S. diclina. The authors conclude that in the study of saprolegniasis, the enzymatic approach affords new elements for the examination of the etiology of fungi as well as an element of gravity concerning the biochemical modifications necessary to the change of saprophytism to parasitism.
    Description: Translated from French into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Parasitic diseases ; Fungal diseases ; Fungi ; Enzymatic activity ; Immunity
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  • 21
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    Saprolegnia on roach (Leuciscus rutilus) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) [Translation from: Acta zool.pathol.Antverpiensia 43 107-123, 1976] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4908 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:44:48 | 4908 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: There is, in nature, as well as in the aquarium, a parasitic disease known as 'mousse' and which attacks predominantly fish. It is caused by Phycomycete fungi, genus Saprolegnia. The fungus causes external lesions and covers the fish with a thick white layer from whence comes the name 'mousse', commonly attributed to the disease, for which the scientific name is Saprolegnia. This article provides an overview of Saprolegnia infections on fish in nature and aquaria and then discusses symptomology of Saprolegnia in the mirror caro and t roach in more detail.
    Description: Translated from French into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Parasites ; Parasitic diseases ; Fungal diseases ; Fungi ; Histopathology ; Aquaria ; Saprolegnia ; Cyprinus carpio ; Leuciscus rutilus
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  • 22
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    Histochemical data on the skin mucous cells during the development of the trout [Translation from: Bollettino della Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale 45, 1273-1276, 1969] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4912 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:45:10 | 4912 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: In the skin of Salmo irideus the production of mucus is due to one type of cell specialized as a mucus cell. The histochemical research presented in this paper describes the mucous cells of Salmo irideus and demonstrates observable variation in such cells during the fish's development.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Mucus ; Histochemistry ; Developmental stages ; Salmo irideus
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  • 23
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    Epidermis differentiation in Salmo irideus Gilb. development [Translation from: Archo ital.Anat.Embriol. 76, 19-30, 1971] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4917 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:45:37 | 4917 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: Recent histochemical and histophysiological research on the skin of fish has posed interesting problems both with regard to the presence of specialized types of cell and with regard to the function of this organ. The present paper intends to study the development and the functional differentiation of the trout's skin, both from the histomorphological and the histochemical point of view. The skin of Salmonids is devoid of specialized cells; the granular cells of Petromyzonti, the serous cells of Selacii and the clavate cells described in many other teleosts and it lacks keratin. As such it can be considered a good working model which can be used to show the eventual histomorphological and histochemical changes occurring both in the transformation from the endovular to the aqueous environment. Histomorphological observations were carried out demonstrate the great structural simplicity of the trout's skin at all stages. The article concludes that glycogen increases greatly when the epidermis thickens and therefore when it becomes necessary to guarantee resistance, amongst which is a support mechanism.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Histochemistry ; Developmental stages ; Histology ; Skin ; Salmo irideus
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  • 24
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    A contribution to the knowledge of the skin albuminose cells of Torpedo ocellata Raf [Riv.Istochim.norm.pat. 8 411-416, 1962] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4916 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:45:32 | 4916 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Glandular cells, other than the mucous cells, have been described in the skin of various groups of fish (Teleosts, Ganoids, Selachii) and they have been called 'albuminose' by various authors. The authors propose to study the albuminose cells in the skin of Torpedo ocellata Raf. from a histochemical point of view. The albuminose cells have a complex morphological structure and a correspondingly complicated histochemical make-up. One must treat them as an example of cell with secretions of a particular type, which must and will be better incorporated when more is known of characteristics existent in other species.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Skin ; Histochemistry ; Animal morphology ; Secretion ; Torpedo ocellata
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  • 25
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    On the toxicity of some pesticides for fish [Translation from: Izv.gos.nauchno-issled.Inst.ozern.rybn.Khoz. 121, 95-96, 1977] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4960 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:39:16 | 4960 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: In the piscicide laboratory of GosNIORKh over a series of years was carried out the ichthyological evaluation of different agricultural pesticides, used both in our country and abroad. In all more than 300 different chemical substances were tested. Here, it was established that around 10% of them possessed high ichthyotoxic properties. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions on aquarium fish in groups, and also on representatives of different species of lake ichthyofauna. The basic criterion of evaluation of toxicity was the death of experimental fish during 120 hours. This short paper summarises the findings of this reasearch and offers a table presenting acute toxicity of pesticides for fish.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Agricultural pollution ; Ichthyocides ; Freshwater fish ; Toxicity tests ; Experimental research
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  • 26
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    A study of the reproductive biology of dace in the middle Ob [introduction , summary and table captions only] [Translation from: Trudy tomsk. gos. Univ. 125, pp.77-91] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4971 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:37:19 | 4971 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The Siberian Dace (Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis (Dyb)is an important trade fish in Siberian waters. In the Ob basin more than 30,000 centners are produced annually. Catches of dace fluctuate significantly both between different rivers and between years in the Tomsk region. Defining the stocks of dace in the waters of the Tomsk region and explaining the fluctuations over time seems to be a very important and relevant question for the workers of the fishing industry. An answer, however, requires an accurate knowledge of the biology of dace; its reproductive, feeding and migration habits and the conditions of wintering etc. In the following we examine one of the above questions i.e. the biology of the reproduction of dace. The study was carried out in the Middle Ob in May 1951. This tranlations provides the introduction, summary and table captions only of the original article.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Reproduction ; Stock assessment ; Fecundity ; Russia ; Leuciscus baicalensis
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  • 27
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    Observations on the downstream movements of brown trout fry (Salmo trutta L.)in the Lissuraga [Translation from: Bulletin Francais de la Pisciculture No.274 1-17, 1979] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4966 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:36:50 | 4966 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The phenomenon of the downstream movement of brown trout fry has been noticed for a very long time by fish biologists. The work presented here, and taking place in the framework of the hydrobiological research of the INRA, represents the results of three years' observation of the movement downstream in the Lissuraga, a small stream in the French Basque country, in connection with certain environmental factors, which are shown. The authors have used a live experiment to compare, in an artificial stream, the ”descending” (or ”Nomadic”) fry with the ”resident” fry, caught by electric fishing in other parts of the stream.
    Description: Translated from Swedish into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Rivers ; Fry ; Trap nets ; Spawning migrations
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  • 28
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    Modulation of the effectiveness of 17-alpha-hydroxy-20-beta-dihydroprogesterone or of a gonadotrophic extract on the in vitro intrafollicular maturation of oocytes of the rainbow trout Salmo gairdnerii by various non-maturing steroids [Translation from: Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Series D 281, 811-814, 1975] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4968 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:36:54 | 4968 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The effectiveness of 17 α-hydroxy-20 β-dihydroprogesterone (17 α-20 β Pg) or of a trout hypophyseal gonadotrophic extract on the in vitro intrafollicular maturation of trout oocytes can be modulated by steroids which do not have a direct maturing effect; the effectiveness of the gonadotrophic extract is lowered by oestradiol and oestrone and increased by testosterone. As these steroids have no significant effect on maturation induced by 17 α-20 β Pg, the site of their activity is probably in the follicular envelopes. Corticosteroids, and Cortisol and cortisone in particular increase the effectiveness of the gonadotrophic extract, but increase the effectiveness of 17 α-20 β Pg even more strongly, suggesting that this 'progestagen' has a direct effect on oocyte sensitivity.
    Description: Translated from French into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Oocytes ; Sexual maturity ; Hormones ; Steroids ; Incubation ; Heteropneustes fossilis ; Salmo gairdnerii
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  • 29
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    Rearing cyprinid fry in cages [conclusions only] [Translation from: Gospodarka rybna, Warszawa 27(8/9) 3-5, 1975] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4970 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:36:56 | 4970 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This short translation presents the conclusions only of a study of the proposed method of rearing cyprinid fry in cages and how this method can increase the amount of material produced of the stocked fry.
    Description: Translated from Polish into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Fry ; Cage culture ; Fish culture ; Cyprinidae ; Poland
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  • 30
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    Review of investigation on the feeding of the European grayling [Translation from: Flora Slodkowodna Polski. Tom 2. Cyanophyta, Glaucophyta (ed. K. Starmach) p350-352. Warsaw, Polska Academia Nauk, 1966] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4987 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:36:22 | 4987 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The composition of the food of the European grayling and the character of its feeding has been studied fully enough, but this knowledge is scattered in the literature and often contradictory. rare exceptions, analysis of the results of different investigations. Therefore the proposed short outline of the history of the study of the problem with a description of the basic data on the feeding of the grayling in different geographical areas is presented as expedient and opportune, primarily in relation to the determination of immediate problems and the trend of research.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Literature reviews ; Food composition ; Thymallus thymallus
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  • 31
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    Avoided temperatures by young fish [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.50, 45-47, 1981] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4992 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:36:19 | 4992 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Directed local changes of water temperature for the purpose of controlling the behaviour of fish are based on the knowledge of the characteristics of seasonal-age dynamics of their thermoadaptation possibilities. These possibilities are still inadequately studied especially in relation to avoided temperatures. By the authors the attempt was made to determine zones of avoided temperatures for the young of five species of fish (bream, roach, blue bream, perch, peled) in the summer period of the year, and also to assess the influence on them of additional factors, in particular mechanical driving. In parallel in two-fold repetition were conducted experiments on the determination of selected, shock and lethal temperatures of these fish. Experiments were conducted with fish, caught in the littoral of the Rybinsk reservoir.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Temperature tolerance ; Avoidance reactions ; Russia
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  • 32
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    Influence of starvation on selected temperatures in the young of bream, roach and perch [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.50, 45-47, 1981] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4993 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:35:50 | 4993 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Works devoted to the influence of starvation on temperature selection by fishes are few and their conclusions are contradictory. This study determined the influence of brief, up to 14 days, starvation on temperature selection by young fishes. The experiments were carried out in August-September 1976 on fingerling bream (Abramis brama L.), roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) and perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) with body lengths of 3-5 cm and weight 0.5-1.2 g. The young fish were caught in the littoral by seine-nets or small drag-nets. Immediately after catching the fish they were put in acclimatization boxes. The period of acclimatization did not exceed 2 days for bream and roach at a temperature of 20 °C and 6 days for perch at 17 °C. Before the start of the experiment and for the first 10 days of the experiment the fish were fed with oligochaetes, earthworms and daphnia, after that feeding discontinued. At the end of a 10-14 day period the giving of food was resumed. The study concludes that the experiments have shown that in the summer season the factor of starvation significantly changes the reaction to the gradient of temperature in young cyprihids - roach and bream.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Temperature tolerance ; Starvation ; Fingerlings ; Feeding experiments ; Abramis brama ; Rutilus rutilus ; Perca fluviatilis
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  • 33
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    The life capacity of copepod's eggs passed through the gut of Ladoga lake Coregonus [Translation from: Zool.Journal.Moscow 29-5, 476-477, 1950] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5023 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:32:39 | 5023 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: This short paper summarises findings of experiments that were carried out using copepod eggs taken from guts of Coregonus which breeds in various Ural lakes. The study showed that copepod eggs can pass through the gut of Coregonus unharmed.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Dispersants ; Dispersion ; Ladoga Lake ; Coregonus ; Cyclops vindis
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  • 34
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    The effect of oxygen concentration in water on the growth and nitrogen metabolism in the fry of rainbow trout [Translation from: Rybnoe Khoziaistvo,V.33, 74-75, 1957] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5029 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:32:00 | 5029 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: To ascertain the effect of various concentrations of oxygen in water on the fry of rainbow trout experiments were made with aquaria at various concentrations of oxygen. The food supplied was chironomid larvae (Chironomus plumosus). A surplus of food was supplied to the fry. Indices are given of the reaction of the fry to different temperatures.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Oxygen consumption ; Metabolism ; Nitrogen ; Freshwater fish ; Animal growth ; Fry ; Oncorhynchus mykiss
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  • 35
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 2. Effects of drifting on development and survival of eggs of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5096 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:47 | 5096 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: At high stream discharges salmonid eggs can he displaced from the gravel and may drift downstream. It has been suggested that developing salmonid eggs may be killed by ”physical shock”, especially during the period before ”eyeing”. Similarly, a progress report by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission (1966) states that salmonid eggs are most sensitive during the period between fertilisation and blastopore closure. However, it would seem unlikely that this sensitivity actually begins at the time of fertilisation because, in nature, a period, perhaps measured in hours, must occur during which the newly-fertilised eggs are exposed to physical shock during the deposition of gravel over them as a result of the cutting activity of the female fish. The present report describes simple channel experiments designed to answer the two questions: 1. After release of eggs from the gravel, does the process of drifting downstream, which implies some physical shock through movement and impact, decrease the survival of salmonid eggs? 2. Is the survival rate-influenced by the stage of development of the eggs?
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Life cycle ; Channels ; Experimental research ; Fish eggs ; England ; Grassholme
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  • 36
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 3. Observations on the settlement of artifical eggs in a section of natural stream channel at several different discharges (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5097 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:43 | 5097 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: It is of value to know the approximate distance of travel at different stream discharges and/or water velocities, of salmonid eggs which have been displaced from redds by spates. This report describes studies in 20 m of stream channel upstream of the fish trap in Dubby Sike. Observations were made on the relation- ships between discharge and water depth and velocity and also on the relationships between water velocity and the settlement of artificial trout eggs. The main aim was to test the hypothesis that, at any given water velocity, eggs would drift smaller distances in a natural stream than in the experimental channels.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Channels ; Experimental research ; Fish eggs ; England ; Grassholme
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    Progress on the salmon investigation (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5110 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:55 | 5110 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article detailing some of the conclusions of the salmon investigation undertaken by the author, on the River Eden and its tributaries, for the previous few years. It is proposed that seasonal changes in young salmon growth are related to water temperature variation. A figure is included showing length of fish compared to the average temperature of water in the River Eden over a two year duration. The article describes comparative work undertaken to date between three streams within the Thurso watershed and the River Eden. A table is included showing the average size of fish in each of the watercourses compared. Laboratory experiments on the effects of temperature on young salmon are outlined, as well as investigative work undertaken into the realtionship between fish scales and fish length.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Water temperature ; Freshwater fish ; Length ; Scales ; Seasonal variations ; Feeding ; Temperature effects ; Annual reports ; Salmo salar ; England ; Scotland
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    Corroborative studies on the effects of sample variation on three macroinvertebrate biological assessment methods at different water quality states (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5259 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:27 | 5259 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In recent collaborative biological sampling exercises organised by the Nottingham Regional Laboratory of the Severn-Trent Water Authority, the effect of handnet sampling variation on the quality and usefulness of the data obtained has been questioned, especially when this data is transcribed into one or more of the commonly used biological methods of water quality assessment. This study investigates if this effect is constant at sites with similar typography but differing water quality states when the sampling method is standardized and carried out by a single operator. An argument is made for the use of a lowest common denominator approach to give a more consistent result and obviate the effect of sampling variation on these biological assessment methods.
    Description: Bilateral study of methods 2 - Pollution Report No.8
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Sampling ; Samplers ; Methodology ; Standardization ; Rivers ; Invertebrate larvae ; England ; Trent River
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  • 39
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    Ecological indicators of water quality in small rivers (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5270 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:29 | 5270 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: At the present time hydrobiological indicators are widely used for the control of surface water quality. Results of the applying of methods suggested at the 1st Soviet-American seminar (1975), development of improved methods and estimation of their usefulness for various conditions are presented in this report. Among the criteria permitting an estimation of the degree and character of changes in water quality and their connection with the functioning of river ecosystems in general, the biological tests of natural waters appears to be the most universal one and is being carried out in two main directions — ecological and physiological. This study summarises approaches in both directions.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; River water ; Rivers ; Water quality ; Water quality control ; Indicators
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  • 40
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    The predicting power of models for eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5287 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:00 | 5287 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Restoration of water-bodies from eutrophication has proved to be extremely difficult. Mathematical models have been used extensively to provide guidance for management decisions. The aim of this paper is to elucidate important problems of using models for predicting environmental changes. First, the necessity for a proper uncertainty assessment of the model, upon calibration, has not been widely recognized. Predictions must not be a single time trajectory; they should be a band, expressing system uncertainty and natural variability. Availability of this information may alter the decision to be taken. Second, even with well-calibrated models, there is no guarantee they will give correct projections in situations where the model is used to predict the effects of measures designed to bring the system into an entirely different ”operating point”, as is typically the case in eutrophication abatement. The concept of educated speculation is introduced to partially overcome this difficulty. Lake Veluwe is used as a case to illustrate the point. Third, as questions become more detailed, such as ”what about expected algal composition”, there is a greater probability of running into fundamental problems that are associated with predicting the behaviour of complex non-linear systems. Some of these systems show extreme initial condition sensitivity and even, perhaps, chaotic behaviour, and are therefore fundamentally unpredictable.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Equations ; Bacteria ; Prediction ; Netherlands ; Veluwemeer Lake
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  • 41
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    Eutrophication and the management of planktonic algae: What Vollenweider couldn't tell us (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5285 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:11:44 | 5285 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The ”Vollenweider model” is a sophisticated mathematical statement about the long-range behaviour of (mainly temperate) lakes and their ability to support phytoplankton chlorophyll. Misapplication of the model, against which Vollenweider himself warned, has led to many misconceptions about the dynamics of plankton in lakes and reservoirs and about how best to manage systems subject to eutrophication. This contribution intends to frame the most important issues in context of the phosphorus- loading and phosphorus-limitation concepts. Emphasis is placed on the need to distinguish rate-limitation from capacity-limitation, to understand which is more manageable and why, to discern the mechanisms of internal recycling and their importance, and to appreciate the respective roles of physical and biotic components in local control of algal dynamics. Some general approaches to the management of water quality in lakes and reservoirs to eutrophication are outlined.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Models ; Phosphorus ; Ecosystem management ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Plant growth ; Growth regulators ; Freshwater lakes
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    The significance of sedimentation and sediments to phytoplankton growth in drinking-water reservoirs (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5290 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:14 | 5290 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In the mesotrophic-eutrophic Saidenbach Reservoir in Saxony, the nanoplankton and cyanobacteria have increased at the expense of diatom dominance, due to a doubling of the external phosphorus load in the last 15 years. However, the phosphorus sedimentation flux is still very high (up to 80% of the input), corresponding to more than 2 g m2 d-1 in terms of dry weight. There is a strong correlation between the abundance of diatoms in the euphotic zone and their sedimentation flux (with a delay of about 2 weeks). Only about 25% of the deposited material could be clearly attributed to plankton biomass; the remainder resulted from flocculation and precipitation processes or directly from the inflow of clay minerals. The ash content of the deposited material was high (73%). Thus the sedimentation flux can be considered to operate as an internal water-treatment/oligotrophication process within the lake. The neighbouring Neunzehnhain Reservoir still has a very clear water with a transparency up to 18 m depth. Though the sediment was not much lower than Saidenbach sediment in total phosphorus and total numbers of bacteria, sulphide was always absent and the ratio of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ was very low in the upper (0- 5 cm) layer. Thus the external and internal phosphorus loads do not attain the critical level necessary to induce a ”phosphorus - phytoplankton” feedback loop.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Water quality control ; Phosphorus ; Water reservoirs ; Phytoplankton ; Growth ; Sedimentation ; Sediment composition ; Germany
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  • 43
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    Physical measures to inhibit planktonic cyanobacteriae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5295 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:49 | 5295 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In a small lake, intermittent destratification was installed after several other physico-chemical and physical in-lake therapy measures (phosphorus immobilization, permanent destratification) had been tested without great success. If an aerobic sediment-water interface can be maintained, intermittent destratification removes cyanobacteria and prevents optimal development of other members of the photoautotrophic plankton. During growing seasons, increasing abundances of small-bodied herbivores (Bosmina) and Daphnia may have accounted for relatively low phytoplankton biomass as well. Intermittent destratification is a very fast-working in-lake measure and seems to be applicable even in relatively shallow lakes (〈 15 m), in which permanent destratification seems to be risky.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Destratification ; Ecosystem management ; Water quality control ; Phosphorus ; Eutrophic lakes ; Inhibitors ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Biomass ; Germany ; Fischkaltersee
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    Calcite covering of sediment as a possible way of curbing blue-green algae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5291 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:52 | 5291 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Natural calcite precipitation in lakes is a well-known control mechanism of eutrophication. In hard-water lakes, calcite deposits on the flat bottoms of shallow lakes and near the shores of deeper lakes resulted from biogenic decalcification during the millenia after the last glacial period. The objective of a new restoration technology is to intensify the natural process of precipitation by utilizing the different qualities of calcareous mud layers. In a pilot experiment in Lake Rudower See, East Germany, phosphorus-poor deeper layers of the sediments were flushed out and spread over the phosphorus-rich uppermost sediments, to promote the co- precipitation of calcite with phosphorus from the water-column.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Phosphorus ; Calcitization ; Algal blooms ; Calcite ; Sedimentation ; Germany
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    A control of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5301 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:11 | 5301 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The cyanobacteria that cause problems in water supply are principally the colonial forms that are buoyed up by gas vesicles. The success of these organisms is due, in part, to their gas vesicles, which enable them to perform vertical migrations or to maintain themselves in the euphotic zone. The gas vesicles are also the root cause of the problems. In calm periods they cause the cyanobacteria to float to the water surface forming noxious scums, and they may prevent the colonies from sedimenting in water treatment plants. Gas vesicles are hollow, gas-filled structures; they are rigid but can be collapsed by the application of pressure. Their critical collapse pressure is influenced by their dimensions, which vary in different organisms. Gas vesicles are formed by the assembly of two types of protein, which determine their mechanical and physical properties. Methods for collapsing gas vesicles in natural populations of cyanobacteria will be considered. They may have application to the control of cyanobacteria in water supply.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Gases ; Buoyancy ; Algae ; Bacteria ; Photosynthesis ; Growth ; Competition
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    Changes of water quality and sediment phosphorus of a small productive lake following decreased phosphorus loading (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5293 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:09 | 5293 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Esthwaite Water is the most productive or eutrophic lake in the English Lake District. Since 1945 its water quality has been determined from weekly or biweekly measurements of temperature, oxygen, plant nutrients and phytoplankton abundance. The lake receives phosphorus from its largely lowland-pasture catchment, sewage effluent from the villages of Hawkshead and Near Sawrey, and from a cage-culture fish farm. From 1986 phosphorus has been removed from the sewage effluent of Hawkshead which was considered to contribute between 47% and 67% of the total phosphorus loading to the lake. At the commencement of phosphorus removal regular measurements of phosphorus in the superficial 0-4 cm layer of lake sediment were made from cores collected at random sites. Since 1986 the mean annual concentration of alkali-extractable sediment phosphorus has decreased by 23%. This change is not significant at the 5% level but nearly so. There has been no marked change in water quality over this period. Summer dominance of blue-green algae which arose in the early 1980s after decline of the previous summer forms, Ceratium spp., has been maintained. Improvement in water quality is unlikely to be achieved at the present phosphorus loading.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Limnological surveys ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton ; Primary production ; Sediment analysis ; Water quality ; England ; Esthwaite Water
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    The scope for biomanipulation in improving water quality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5288 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:15 | 5288 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Biomanipulation is a form of biological engineering in which organisms are selectively removed or encouraged to alleviate the symptoms of eutrophication. Most examples involve fish and grazer zooplankton though mussels have also been used. The technique involves continuous management in many deeper lakes and is not a substitute for nutrient control. In some lakes, alterations to the lake environment have given longer-term positive effects. And in some shallow lakes, biomanipulation may be essential, alongside nutrient control, in re- establishing former aquatic-plant-dominated ecosystems which have been lost through severe eutrophication. The emergence of biomanipulation techniques emphasises that lake systems are not simply chemical reactors which respond simply to engineered chemical changes, but very complex and still very imperfectly understood ecosystems which require a yet profounder understanding before they can be restored with certainty.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Freshwater lakes ; Biomanipulation ; Water quality control
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    Structural dynamic eutrophication models (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5299 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:19 | 5299 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This article discusses problems of modelling the seasonal succession of algal species in lakes and reservoirs, and the adaptive selection of certain groups of algae in response to changes in the inputs and relative concentrations of nutrients and other environmental variables. A new generation of quantitative models is being developed which attempts to translate some important biological properties of species (survival, variation, inheritance, reproductive rates and population growth) into predictions about the survival of the fittest, where ”fitness” is measured or estimated in thermodynamic terms. The concept of ”exergy” and its calculation is explored to examine maximal exergy as a measure of fitness in ecosystems, and its use for calculating changes in species composition by means of structural dynamic models. These models accomodate short-term changes in parameters that affect the adaptive responses (species selection) of algae.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Energy ; Inland water environment ; Thermodynamics
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    A tool for better management of water quality during periods of algal blooms: the case of the River Oise (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5300 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:17 | 5300 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Like other rivers in the Paris area, the Oise is subject to important seasonal algal blooms. This eutrophication generates notable problems for the production of drinking-water from a treatment plant on the river at Méry. A mathematical model has been developed to simulate variation in water quality in a pre-treatment storage basin, and another model is currently being adapted to model the River Oise. Integration of the two models should provide a comprehensive tool for predicting variations of phytoplankton and water-quality parameters associated with algal blooms. This will be a decision-aid for optimizing control of the treatment process for providing potable water.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Water treatment ; Water supply ; Modelling ; Models ; Phytoplankton ; Water management ; France ; Oise River
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    The ecological impact of different mechanisms of chronic sub-lethal toxicity on feeding and respiratory physiology (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5307 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:39 | 5307 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Sub-lethal toxicity tests, such as the scope-for-growth test, reveal simple relationships between measures of contaminant concentration and effect on respiratory and feeding physiology. Simple models are presented to investigate the potential impact of different mechanisms of chronic sub-lethal toxicity on these physiological processes. Since environmental quality is variable, even in unimpacted environments, toxicants may have differentially greater impacts in poor compared to higher quality environments. The models illustrate the implications of different degrees and mechanisms of toxicity in response to variability in the quality of the feeding environment, and variability in standard metabolic rate. The models suggest that the relationships between measured degrees of toxic stress, and the maintenance ration required to maintain zero scope-for-growth, may be highly nonlinear. In addition it may be possible to define critical levels of sub-lethal toxic effect above which no environment is of sufficient quality to permit prolonged survival.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Toxicity ; Sublethal effects ; Toxicity tests ; Models ; Metabolism ; Narcosis ; Animal physiology ; Risk management ; Respiration
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    Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5314 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:13 | 5314 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Organic contaminants are readily bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms. Exposure to and toxic effects of contaminants can be measured in terms of the biochemical responses of the organisms (i.e. molecular biomarkers). The hepatic biotransformation enzyme cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in vertebrates is specifically induced by organic contaminants such as aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs and dioxins, and is involved in chemical carcinogenesis via catalysis of the covalent binding of organic contaminants to DNA (DNA-adducts). Hepatic CYP1A induction has been used extensively and successfully as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure in fish. Fewer but equally encouraging studies in fish have used hepatic bulky, hydrophobic DNA-adducts as biomarkers of organic contaminant damage. Much less is known of the situation in marine invertebrates, but a CYPlA-like enzyme with limited inducibility and some potential for biomarker application is indicated. Stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is another potential mechanism of organic contaminant-mediated DNA and other damage in aquatic organisms. A combination of antioxidant (enzymes, scavengers) and pro-oxidant (oxidised DNA bases, lipid peroxidation) measurements may have potential as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure (particularly those chemicals which do not induce CYP1A) and/or oxidative stress, but more studies are required. Both CYP1A- and ROS-mediated toxicity are indicated to result in higher order deleterious effects, including cancer and other aspects of animal fitness.
    Keywords: Biology ; Environment ; Pollution ; Biomarkers ; Toxicity ; Aquatic organisms ; Biological pollutants ; Enzymes ; Hydrocarbons ; Mutagens ; Pollutants ; Animal diseases ; Fish
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    Viruses and drinking water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5320 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:44 | 5320 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: There is no evidence to indicate that there is a risk of acquiring a virus infection through the consumption of properly treated drinking water, provided the integrity of the distribution system is maintained and there is no post-treatment contamination. The consumption of inadequately treated, untreated or post-treatment contaminated water is, however, associated with a risk of hepatitis A, hepatitis E and viral gastroenteritis. The use of the standard bacterial indicators for water monitoring provides an adequate safeguard against viral contamination.
    Keywords: Health ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Viral diseases ; Viruses ; Water treatment ; Pollution indicators
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Cultural methods of detection for microorganisms: recent advances and successes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5317 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:35 | 5317 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Most microbiological methods require culture to allow organisms to recover or to selectively increase, and target organisms are identified by growth on specific agar media. Many cultural methods take several days to complete and even then the results require confirmation. Alternative techniques include the use of chromogenic and fluorogenic substances to identify bacteria as they are growing, selective capture using antibodies after short periods of growth, molecular techniques, and direct staining with or without flow cytometry for enumeration and identification. Future microbiologists may not use culture but depend on the use of specific probes and sophisticated detection systems.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Detection ; Bacteria ; Cultured organisms ; Enzymes ; Immunofluorescence ; Flow cytometry ; Microbiological culture
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    The microbiological quality of water: the nature of the problem (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5315 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:22 | 5315 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Improvements in methods for the detection and enumeration of microbes in water, particularly the application of techniques of molecular biology, have highlighted shortcomings in the ”standard methods” for assessing water quality. Higher expectations from the consumer and increased publicity associated with pollution incidents can lead to an uncoupling of the cycle which links methodological development with standard-setting and legislation. The new methodology has also highlighted problems within the water cycle, related to the introduction, growth and metabolism of microbes. A greater understanding of the true diversity of the microbial community and the ability to transmit genetic information within aquatic systems ensures that the subject of this symposium and volume provides an ideal forum to discuss the problems encountered by both researcher and practitioner.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Hydrologic cycle ; Methodology ; Bacteria ; Bacterial counters ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Primary production ; Fungi ; Cryptosporidium
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    Detection of specific bacteria in water: implications of survival strategy (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5318 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:37 | 5318 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: It is widely recognised that conventional culture techniques may underestimate true viable bacterial numbers by several orders of magnitude. The basis of this discrepancy is that a culture in or on media of high nutrient concentration is highly selective (either through ”nutrient shock” or failure to provide vital co-factors) and decreases apparent diversity; thus it is unrepresentative of the natural community. In addition, the non-culturable but viable state (NCBV) is a strategy adopted by some bacteria as a response to environmental stress. The basis for the non-culturable state is that cells placed in conditions present in the environment cannot be recultured but can be shown to maintain their viability. Consequently, these cells would not be detected by standard water quality techniques that are based on culture. In the case of pathogens, it may explain outbreaks of disease in populations that have not come into contact with the pathogen. However, the NCBV state is difficult to attribute, due to the failure to distinguish between NCBV and non-viable cells. This article will describe experiences with the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and the application of molecular techniques for its detection and physiological analysis.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Detection ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; Microbiological culture
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    The impact of molecular biology on assessment of water quality: advantages and limitations of current techniques (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5316 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:33 | 5316 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The advent of molecular biology has had a dramatic impact on all aspects of biology, not least applied microbial ecology. Microbiological testing of water has traditionally depended largely on culture techniques. Growing understanding that only a small proportion of microbial species are culturable, and that many microorganisms may attain a viable but non-culturable state, has promoted the development of novel approaches to monitoring pathogens in the environment. This has been paralleled by an increased awareness of the surprising genetic diversity of natural microbial populations. By targeting gene sequences that are specific for particular microorganisms, for example genes that encode diagnostic enzymes, or species-specific domains of conserved genes such as 16S ribosomal RNA coding sequences (rrn genes), the problems of culture can be avoided. Technical developments, notably in the area of in vitro amplification of DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), now permit routine detection and identification of specific microorganisms, even when present in very low numbers. Although the techniques of molecular biology have provided some very powerful tools for environmental microbiology, it should not be forgotten that these have their own drawbacks and biases in sampling. For example, molecular techniques are dependent on efficient lysis and recovery of nucleic acids from both vegetative forms and spores of microbial species that may differ radically when growing in the laboratory compared with the natural environment. Furthermore, PCR amplification can introduce its own bias depending on the nature of the oligonucleotide primers utilised. However, despite these potential caveats, it seems likely that a molecular biological approach, particularly with its potential for automation, will provide the mainstay of diagnostic technology for the foreseeable future.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; DNA ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Detection ; RNA ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases
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    Metallothionein as an indicator of water quality: assessment of the bioavailability of cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc in aquatic animals at the cellular level (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5313 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:23 | 5313 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The study of metallothioneins (MTs) has greatly improved our understanding of body burdens, metal storage and detoxification in aquatic organisms subjected to contamination by the toxic heavy metals, Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn. These studies have shown that in certain organisms MT status can be used to assess impact of these metals at the cellular level and, whilst validation is currently limited to a few examples, this stress response may be linked to higher levels of organisation, thus indicating its potential for environmental quality assessment. Molluscs, such as Mytilus spp., and several commonly occurring teleost species, are the most promising of the indicator species tested. Natural variability of MT levels caused by the organism's size, condition, age, position in the sexual cycle, temperature and various stressors, can lead to difficulties in interpretation of field data as a definitive response-indicator of metal contamination unless a critical appraisal of these variables is available. From laboratory and field studies these data are almost complete for teleost fish. Whilst for molluscs much of this information is lacking, when suitable controls are utilised and MT measurements are combined with observations of metal partitioning, current studies indicate that they are nevertheless a powerful tool in the interpretation of impact, and may prove useful in water quality assessment.
    Keywords: Environment ; Oceanography ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Cadmium ; Copper ; Mercury ; Zinc ; Aquatic animals ; Cytology ; Metallothioneins ; Environmental monitoring ; Indicators ; Scotland
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    Production of positive controls for calcivirus-specific PCR using recombinant baculiovirus technology (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5321 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:11 | 5321 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Recent advances in our knowledge of the genetic structure of human caliciviruses (HuCVs) and small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) have led to the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular tests specific for these viruses. These methods have been developed to detect a number of human pathogenic viruses in environmental samples including water, sewage and shellfish. HuCVs and SRSVs are not culturable, and no animal model is currently available. Therefore there is no convenient method of preparing viruses for study or for reagent production. One problem facing those attempting to use PCR-based methods for the detection of HuCVs and SRSVs is the lack of a suitable positive control substrate. This is particularly important when screening complex samples in which the levels of inhibitors present may significantly interfere with amplificiation. Regions within the RNA polymerase regions of two genetically distinct human caliciviruses have been amplified and used to produce recombinant baculoviruses which express RNA corresponding to the calicivirus polymerase. This RNA is being investigated as a positive control substrate for PCR testing, using current diagnostic primer sets. Recombinant baculovirus technology will enable efficient and cost-effective production of large quantities of positive control RNA with a specific known genotype. We consider the development of these systems as essential for successful screening and monitoring applications.
    Keywords: Health ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Viruses ; Viral diseases ; RNA ; Primers ; Cloning ; Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning ; Public health ; Sewages
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    Tastes and odours in potable water:perception versus reality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5324 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:13 | 5324 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Tastes and odours are amongst the few water quality standards immediately apparent to a consumer and, as a result, account for most consumer complaints about water quality. Although taste and odour problems can arise from a great many sources, from an operational point of view they are either ”predictable” or ”unpredictable”. The former - which include problems related to actinomycete and algal growth - have a tendency to occur in certain types of water under certain combinations of conditions, whereas the latter - typically chemical spills - can occur anywhere. Long-term control is one option for predictable problems, although biomanipulation on a large scale has had utile success. Detection and avoidance is a more practicable option for both predictable and unpredictable problems, particularly if the distribution network can be serviced from other sources. Where these are not feasible, then water treatment, typically using activated carbon, is possible. In general there is a reasonable understanding of what compounds cause taste and odour problems, and how to treat these. An efficient taste and odour control programme therefore relies ultimately on good management of existing resources. However, a number of problems lie outside the remit of water supply companies and will require more fundamental regulation of activities in the catchment.
    Keywords: Limnology ; Sociology ; Water supply ; Taste ; Odour ; Water treatment ; Fresh water ; Monitoring
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 5. Attempts to assess the importance of washout as a cause of mortailty (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5215 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:31 | 5215 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The paper reviews the methodology of attempts to assess the importance of washout as a cause of loss of salmonid eggs and alevins. The results of this study are presented of various small-scale field trials using buried artificial salmonid eggs and tethered table tennis balls. The results suggested that, even when few eggs were actually lost by washout, some downstream movement of the upper layers of gravel and of artificial eggs might have taken place.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Fish eggs ; Spawning ; Gravel ; Freshwater fish ; Biological drift ; Redds ; Induced breeding ; England ; Great Eggleshope Beck
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    Type: monograph
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 6. Information on gravel composition , redd sites, the dimensions of redds and the depth of egg burial (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5214 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:29 | 5214 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Sampling was concentrated on the North Moor region and the series of ditches which drained this area to the Bristol Channel. Although most ditches were not deep the mud substratum precluded sampling from within the habitat. All samples were taken with a pond net from the banks. Efforts were made to sample each part of the habitat although in some ditches the macrophyte growth was so intense as to make sampling difficult particularly of the sediments. Organisms were identified on the 10 sampling sites.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Redds ; Spawning grounds ; Rivers ; Fish eggs ; Spawning ; Gravel ; Freshwater fish ; England
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    The effects of environmental stress on the physiology of growth in rainbow trout, Salmo gairderi Richardson (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5211 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:56 | 5211 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: There is little doubt that both mammalian and teleost growth hormones can accelerate growth and increase food conversion efficiency in all commonly-reared species of salmonid fish. In those vertebrates that have been closely studied (predominantly mammals), the pituitary hormone somatotropin (GH or growth hormone) is a prime determinant of somatic growth. The hormone stimulates protein biosynthesis and tissue growth, enhances lipid utilization and lipid release from the adipose tissues (a protein-sparing effect) and suppresses the peripheral utilization of glucose. The present study is a prerequisite for future work on growth hormone physiology in salmonids and should contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of growth suppression in stressed fish. Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were measured in rainbow trout using a radioimmunoassay developed against chinook salmon growth hormone.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Salmon fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Hormones ; Blood ; Growth ; England ; Oncorhynchus mykiss
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    Effects of flow regime on the young stages of salmonid fishes. Summary and conclusions based on results for 1981-1985 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5217 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:13 | 5217 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The main British salmonid species spawn in clean gravel in streams and rivers, many of them in the upland areas of Britain. The earliest stages of the life cycle (eggs and alevins) spend some months within the gravel of the river bed. During this period their survival rate can be strongly influenced by flow regime and by related phenomena such as movement of coarse river bed material, changes in water level and the deposition of silt. In recent years human influence upon the flow regimes of upland water courses and upon the sediment inputs to them has increased. In order to conserve and, if possible, enhance the populations of salmonid fishes a deeper understanding of the interrelationships between survival of young salmonids and flow-related phenomena is needed. The acquisition of appropriate information is the main aim of the present project, which included: Studies on silt movement and the infilling of gravel voids by fine sediments, together with initial studies on the relationship between intragravel oxygen supply rate and the survival of intragravel stages of salmonids; studies in the general field of egg washout. The latter investigated the physical background to gravel bed disruption, the examination of the physical characteristics of sites chosen for redds, dimensions of redds and burial depth of eggs relative to the size of the fish constructing the redd and a series of smaller studies on other aspects of egg washout.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Fish eggs ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental data ; Silting ; Gravel ; Survival ; England ; Grassholme Reservoir
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 4. Effects of a standard mechanical shock, applied at different stage of development, upon survival and development of eggs of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5216 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:33 | 5216 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: It is generally accepted by fish culturists that salmonid eggs are sensitive to mechanical shock and that the sensitivity varies with the stage of development of the eggs. In general, the period of greatest sensitivity is thought to occur between fertilization and ”eyeing”. However, it is reasonable to expect that, during a period (perhaps of several hours) following fertilization, sensitivity will be low because in nature during this period the eggs may be subject to some mechanical shock caused by the parent fish covering them with gravel. In 1983-4 and 1984-5 experiments were performed on brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) eggs to examine the effect of a standard mechanical shock (c. 2,500 eggs in 1983-4 and c. 8,400 eggs in 1984-5) at various stages of development upon survival to hatching and time of hatching.The results of these experiments are reported in this study.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Fish eggs ; Spawning ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental data ; Survival ; Mechanical stimuli ; England ; Cow Green Reservoir
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    Oxygen flux through salmonid spawning gravels (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5220 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:05 | 5220 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Laboratory and field studies have shown that the survival of salmonid fish eggs and alevins is dependent upon the supply rate or flux of dissolved oxygen through gravel beds used for spawning. Although there have been a number of studies concerned with North American species there are few data for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the brown trout (S. trutta). For this study intragravel seepage velocities and dissolved oxygen concentrations have been measured throughout the incubation period in spawning gravels utilized by brown trout (Salmo trutta). Variation in the hatching success of batches of trout and salmon (Salmo salar) can, in part, be attributed to a critical threshold of oxygen flux through the gravels.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Gravel ; River beds ; Rivers ; Dissolved oxygen ; Survival ; Fish eggs ; England ; Black Brows Beck
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    Discharge and turbidity of the regulated River Tees. Variance spectrum analysis (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5219 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:03 | 5219 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: High suspended sediment loads may be deleterious to adult salmonids and invertebrates in gravel-bedded streams. Further, the accumulation of fine material in the interstices of the gravel may have an adverse impact on the recruitment of the young stages of salmonids. It is important therefore not only to quantify the rates and degrees of silting but also to identify sediment sources and to determine both, the frequency of sediment inputs to the system and the duration of high sediment concentrations. This report explores the application of variance spectrum analysis to the isolation of sediment periodicities. For the particular river chosen for examination the method demonstrated the essentially undisturbed nature of the catchment. The regulated river chosen for examination is the River Tees in Northern England. Variance spectrum analysis was applied to a series of over 4000 paired daily turbidity and discharge readings.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Resuspended sediments ; River beds ; River discharge ; Rivers ; Variance analysis ; Turbidity ; England ; Tees River
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    Experiments on downstream movement of recently emerged trout and salmon parr in Grassholme channels, 1983-1985 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5218 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:02 | 5218 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A number of authors have described the manner in which young salmonids, soon after emergence from the gravel, set up and defend territories. This leads to mortality or downstream displacement of the individuals which are unable to acquire territories and is widely accepted as the main method of population regulation amongst young salmonids. In some field experiments the fish were constrained in screened reaches and the option of downstream dispersal for the surplus fry was thus excluded. In order to explore some aspects of downstream dispersal more closely under conditions which gave more control than is obtained in a natural stream, four experimental channels were set up at Grassholme reservoir in Teesdale. The report describes the results of investigations on the timing and rate of downstream movement of young brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) out of experimental channels, with special reference to the effect of water velocity on the rate of ”emigration”.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental data ; Survival ; Juveniles ; Territoriality ; Catadromous migrations ; Current velocity ; England ; Grassholme Reservoir
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Pollution and water quality control of the River Tejo. Report on a visit to Portugal, Sep 27th - October 10th, 1987 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5221 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:07 | 5221 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Fundamental changes in the management of water resources in Portugal are now evolving. Five regional organisations termed Administracaos de Regiao Hidrographic (ARH), will be created to manage water resources within their respective geographical areas. These areas will be catchment based. As a fore-runner to the implementation of the five ARH's a foundation project has been established within the Direcao-Geral do Recursos Naturais to examine the practical implications of the new system. This project has been divided into a number of sub-projects and complementary projects to include the Tejo complementary project. The Tejo complementary project is the focus of this report. The report is to advise on the role of biology in the proposed ARH, to establish priorities for biological studies within the present Projecto de Gestao Integrada dos Recursos Hidricos da Bacia Hidrografica do Rio Tejo (PGIRH/T) and to assist with the planning of laboratory facilities for biology at the new PGIRH/T laboratory at Alges, Lisboa.
    Keywords: Law ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Rivers ; Ecosystem management ; Water management ; Water authorities ; Laboratories ; Environmental monitoring ; Fishery management ; Water policy ; Portugal ; Tagus River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Nitrates in surface water, inputs and seasonality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5222 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:09 | 5222 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Because of the widespread concern over increasing nitrate concentrations in river water , the Freshwater Biological Association has undertaken a study to investigate seasonality, nitrate concentrations and loads in the River Frome catchment in relation to land use and compare the results for 1984/86 with data obtained in 1970/71. Information on land use changes and fertiliser applications were obtained both from MAFF and individual farmers. The study concludes that input of nitrogen from rainfall to the River Frome catchment had not significantly changed between 1970/71 and 1984/86.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Rivers ; Nitrogen ; Rain ; River discharge ; Monitoring ; Sewage ; Nitrates ; Fertilizers ; England ; Frome River
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    Joint research project on the aquatic ecotoxicity of organo-aluminium: Chemical reactions. First interim report (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5225 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:36 | 5225 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The overall goal of the joint research project is to relate the chemical reactions involved in the formation of organo-aluminium complexes under acid conditions to their toxic effects on the physiology of aquatic organisms. Finally, this research is intended to predict toxic effects arising from acidity and aluminium under varying environmental conditions. This interim report examines the chemical modelling of ion-binding by humic substances where a computer model has been developed and is being tested using field data, and conditions required for the precipitation of aluminium in surface waters.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Modelling ; Models ; Humic acids ; Surface water ; Aluminium compounds ; Aluminium ; Ions ; Toxicity ; England ; Duddon River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Analysis of soils and sediments for organic pollutants (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5224 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:34 | 5224 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: 20 samples of soil or sediment (7 of which were predominantly sand) from various locations were received for analysis of their content of organic pollutants. These analyses were performed using a capillary column gas chromatograph equipped with an electron impact (E.I.) mass spectrometer as detector and using computerised data storage. In addition to the target compounds, the full scan data were examined to determine the composition of natural organic products and a series of diagnostic fragment ions was used to search for additional anthropogenic products. Organic-rich environmental samples are notoriously difficult to analyse for pollutant organics owing to the presence of high concentrations of many natural organic compounds. A single procedure for extraction and clean-up was adopted. It was designed for chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and other pesticides containing acidic functional groups and was based on published methods for the determination of organic pollutants in soils and sediments. 4 soils and 2 sands showed levels of one or two groups of PCBs slightly in excess of the detection limit, one sample showed a similar level of 2,4-D and 3 samples contained dieldrin at or just above the detection limit.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Organic matter ; Methodology ; Dioxins ; Sediment sampling ; Hydrocarbon analysis ; Hydrocarbons ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Africa: the FBA connection (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5246 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:08:18 | 5246 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Since its inception in the 1930's the Freshwater Biological Association at Windermere, England has been involved in research on African lakes and rivers. Research has included general and multidisciplinary surveys of many lakes including Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Lake George. The hydrobiology of the River Nile has also been studied. Research into physical and chemical limnology, phytoplankton ecology and primary productivity, invertebrate biology, freshwater fish and fisheries.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Algae ; Chemical limnology ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Freshwater lakes ; Hydrobiology ; Invertebrate zoology ; Parasitology ; Physical limnology ; Phytoplankton ; Primary production ; Research programs ; Rivers ; Tropical lakes ; Cichlidae ; Crustacea ; Invertebrata ; Mollusca ; Pisces ; Africa ; River Nile ; Lake Victoria ; Annual report
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    Biological and climatic influences on the dace Leuciscus leuciscus in a southern chalk-stream (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5247 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:08:19 | 5247 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The dace, Leuciscus leuciscus (L.) is an important cyprinid in terms of population biomass in chalk streams of southern England. Dace recruitment has been shown to vary widely from year to year and it is thought that this variation is largely as a result of the influence of abiotic factors, chiefly water temperature. From 1968 to 1981 there was a thirteen-fold difference in the year class structure index between the minimum index (0.25 in 1972) and the maximum (3.21 in 1976). The problems of such variation, especially those that could ensue from a succession of poor year-classes, are offset by the spread of reproductive effort by each female over several years.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Abiotic factors ; Age composition ; Annual variations ; Climate ; Fecundity ; Fish eggs ; Fish larvae ; Freshwater fish ; Life history ; Mortality ; Population dynamics ; Predation ; Recruitment ; Sexual reproduction ; Survivial ; Water temperature ; Cyprinidae ; Leuciscus leuciscus ; England ; Dorset ; Chalk streams ; Annual report
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    Analysis and adsorption of phosalone on aquatic sediment (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5257 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:23 | 5257 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Phosalone is a non systematic, wide spectrum organophosphate pesticide which was discovered in 1961 in the laboratories of the Societe des Usines Chimique Rhone-Poulenc in France. It has been approved for commercial use since 1964 in France, in Australia since 1966, in the United Kingdom in 1967 and in many other countries including Japan, Egypt, USSR and the USA. This study provides a full literature review on all aspects of phosalone including its physical, biological and chemical characteristics, and analytical methods of analysis with particular reference to soils/sediments. Furthermore, it aims to develop a method for the determintion of phosalone in aquatic sediments and to determine the adsorption of phosalone onto kaolinite.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Insecticides ; Metabolism ; Toxicity ; Biodegradation ; Adsorption
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Habitat segregation in fish assemblages (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5249 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:08:57 | 5249 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The segregation of habitats of fish assemblages found in the chalk streams and rivers within the Wessex, South West and Southern Water Authority boundaries in southern England have been examined. Habitat segregation is the most frequent type of resource partitioning in natural communities. The habitat of individual fish species will be defined in order to determine the following: (1) the requirements of each species in terms of depth, current velocity, substrate, cover etc.; (2) identify the essential habitat variables in the segregation of species; (3) whether species in an assemblage demonstrate resource partitioning with reference to habitat, and (4) the mechanisms behind such resource partitioning.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Research proposals ; Rivers ; Species diversity ; England ; Annual report
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    Format: 88-90
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    Description of sampling stations, methods of benthic sampling and biological water quality assessment; with some consideration of the influence of sample variation on the assessment values obtained (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5258 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:25 | 5258 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The first bilateral study of methods of biological sampling and biological methods of water quality assessment took place during June 1977 on selected sampling sites in the catchment of the River Trent (UK). The study was arranged in accordance with the protocol established by the joint working group responsible for the Anglo-Soviet Environmental Agreement. The main purpose of the bilateral study in Nottingham was for some of the methods of sampling and biological assessment used by UK biologists to be demonstrated to their Soviet counterparts and for the Soviet biologists to have the opportunity to test these methods at first hand in order to judge the potential of any of these methods for use within the Soviet Union. This paper is concerned with the nine river stations in the Trent catchment.
    Description: Bilateral study of methods 1 - Pollution Report No.8
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Sampling ; Statistical sampling ; Samplers ; International cooperation ; Methodology ; England ; Trent River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Processes controlling the quantities of biogenic materials in lakes and reservoirs subject to cultural eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5262 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:47 | 5262 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The processes which control the growth, composition, succession and loss from suspension of phytoplankton algae are briefly reviewed, with special reference to function in eutrophic reservoir systems. The ecology of larger algal biomasses supported by high nutrient loading rates are more likely to be subject to physical (wash-out, underwater light penetration, thermal stability and mixing) than to chemical constraints. Sudden changes in the interactions between physical factors temporarily impair the growth of dominant algal species, and advance the succession. Certain algae may be cropped heavily, but selectively, by zooplankton feeding, but they are rarely the species which cause problems in waterworks practice. Grazing, however, does influence succession. A deeper understanding of the operation of loss control mechanism is urgently required. Potentially, manipulation of the physical environment provides an important means of alleviating day-to-day algal problems in eutrophic reservoirs; in terms of cost effectiveness these may prove to be more attractive than reducing nutrient loads at source.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Freshwater lakes ; Eutrophication ; Algae ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Modelling algal blooms (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5256 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:21 | 5256 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This is the final report on the research project to develop predictive models to quantify algal blooms in relation to environmental variables. The project's objectives were to develop models simulating the impact of vertical structure and mass transfer upon the dynamics of planktonic algae, including cyanobacteria, in lakes and reservoirs, to assess the potential of sedimentary phosphorus to sustain algal growth following reduction in external loading and to expand and enhance formulations to predict behaviour of blue-green algal populations and to incorporate these into a model software package. As part of the project a strategy for the production of a user-friendly packaging for the modelling software PROTEC-2 adaptable to particular sites was developed.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Modelling ; Algae ; Algal blooms ; Computer programs ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Bassenthwaite Lake: a general assessment of environmental and biological features and their susceptibility to change (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5254 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:03 | 5254 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Bassenthwaite (Lake) is one of the larger Cumbrian lakes, certainly one of the most distinctive, and of considerable conservation and amenity value. Although its shores lack sizeable settlements, its main inflow receives sewage effluent from a major tourist centre (Keswick) and is subject to episodic floods. These influences, the growing development of leisure activities at the lake (e.g. sailing, time-share units), and recent road-construction, have led to past appraisals of ecological impacts and lake management. The lake has not been the subject of intense and long-term ecological study, but much scattered information exists that is relevant to future management decisions. In the present Report, commissioned by North West Water, such information - published and unpublished - is surveyed. Especial attention is given to evidence bearing on susceptibility to change, affecting the lake environment and its biota or species of conservation interest. Extensive use has been made of the results of a recent (1986-7) seasonal survey by the FBA.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Hydrology ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater fish ; Benthos ; England ; Bassenthwaite Lake
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    A general assessment of environmental and biological features of Windermere and their susceptibility to change (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5255 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:19 | 5255 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Bassenthwaite (Lake) is one of the larger Cumbrian lakes, certainly one of the most distinctive, and of considerable conservation and amenity value. Although its shores lack sizeable settlements, its main inflow receives sewage effluent from a major tourist centre (Keswick) and is subject to episodic floods. These influences, the growing development of leisure activities at the lake (e.g. sailing, time-share units), and recent road-construction, have led to past appraisals of ecological impacts and lake management. The lake has not been the subject of intense and long-term ecological study, but much scattered information exists that is relevant to future management decisions. In the present Report, commissioned by North West Water, such information - published and unpublished - is surveyed. Especial attention is given to evidence bearing on susceptibility to change, affecting the lake environment and its biota or species of conservation interest. Extensive use has been made of the results of a recent (1986-7) seasonal survey by the FBA.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Hydrology ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater fish ; Sediments ; England ; Windermere Lake
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    Scientific investigations into the eutrophication of the Norfolk Broads (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5263 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:49 | 5263 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The word ”Broads” is used to describe a series of relatively shallow lakes resulting from the flooding of medieval peat diggings. Broadland is essentially freshwater, but because the rivers have such low gradients the lower reaches are brackish. The influence of tide is particularly apparent on the River Yare; in Norwich 40 km from the sea there is a vertical movement of half a metre at spring tide. This study examines the problems that the broadlands are facing. The problems are basically the progressive loss of aquatic plants, in particular the macro- phytes, animal life, outbreaks of avian botulism, occasional fish kills due to a toxin produced by the blue-green alga Prymesium parvum and the emergence of very heavy algal blooms. The main factor for the deteriation of the Broaslands is the eutrophication resulting from enhanced nutrient inputs, in particular of nitrates and phosphates, from a variety of sources. The most important of these are sewage effluents, agricultural drainage, which includes fertilisers and nutrient rich effluents from piggeries and dairy un
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Freshwater lakes ; Eutrophication ; Algae ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Pollution effects ; Water quality ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Hydrobiological service for observations and control of surface waters in the USSR (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5264 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:04 | 5264 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Technological progress, having reached in our time an unprecedented speed, is still increasing the rate of mineral extraction, industrial construction, and the mastering of new kinds of energy is growing. Correspondingly the anthropogenic load on the biosphere is increased and that requires the comprehensive development of monitoring the anthropogenic changes in the natural environment. Among problems resulting from the scientific-technological development, a noticeable place is given to the problem of pure water. Surface land waters proved to be a sensitive link in the natural environment. The hydrobiological service for observations and control of the surface waters is one of the subsystems of the State/Federal Service for Observations and Control of pollution levels in environmental objects, conducted by the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeor- ology and Control of the Natural Environment. This paper summarises the the main principles of the organisation and goals of the national system of monitoring of the state of the natural environment in the USSR.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Monitoring ; Water policy ; Water bodies ; Pollution control ; Water quality control ; Russia ; USSR
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    Methods of determining the quality of water using the functional characteristics of algae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5267 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:12 | 5267 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In the study of questions relating to the quality of raw water and the biological produc- tivity of water bodies algal indicators have an important place. Despite the importance of these functional indicators in determining the quality of water and the nature of the production processes as a basis for preserving the ecological equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems, their use in the system of hydrobiological methods of monitoring the quality of surface water has not received proper consideration. This paper aims to analyse the matter and the possibl use of functional algal criteria in the system for the biological monitoring of aquatic objects and also to give some results in using these criteria.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Methodology ; Ecosystem management ; Water quality control ; Algal culture ; Tests ; Test organisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Polyphemus pediculus (L.) (Cladocera) as a possible indicator of water quality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5268 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:26 | 5268 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Usually stenobiotic species are used as hydrobiological indicators of the degree of pollution in natural waters. Cladocera are eurybiotic organisms, therefore their role as specific indicators of the water quality is considered to be insignificant. However, considering new methods Cladocera at present are more and more often used as indicators of oligo- and mesosaprobic waters as well as of the presence of considerable amounts of easily degradable organic matter. Work over many years on the biology of Polyphemus pediculus, this striking representative of the order Cladocera, convinced the author of the possibility of using this species not only as an indicator of water purity but also for the estimation of the degree of water pollution as well as of water characteristics such as colour, turbidity, oxgen content and chemical composition. P. pediculus is one of the most common and abundant species of planktonic crustaceans in shallow waters of reservoirs, rivers, lakes, ponds and temporary water bodies.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Methodology ; Ecosystem management ; Water quality control ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Indicator species
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    Comparison of systems of biological indication approved during the course of the joint Anglo-Soviet investigations held under the auspices of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5265 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:07 | 5265 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In accordance with the plan for joint Anglo-Soviet scientific and technical collaboration on environmental problems, the comparative evaluation of systems of hydrobiological analysis of the surface water quality started in 1977 at the Regional Laboratory of the Severn-Trent Water Authority in Nottingham were continued in the spring of 1978. The investigations were carried out under the auspices of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Hydrobiological and hydrochemical samples were collected by Soviet and British specialists from the Kiev reservoir and the rivers Dnieper, Sozh, Desna and Snov. The samples were processed on the expedition ships and in the Laboratory for the Hydrobiology of Small Water Bodies of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. The possible approved methods to be adopted were evaluated from the samples using the phytoperiphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos against a background of hydrochemical characteristics. The study concludes that weather conditions complicated the work on testing the systems of biological indication of water quality and made it inadvisable to use those methods of comparison which were used when similar work was carried out in Nottingham.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Sampling ; Methodology ; Rivers ; International cooperation ; Water reservoirs ; Indicators ; Surveys ; Ukraine ; USSR
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    Type: monograph
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    Determination of water quality in lakes by biological indices (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5269 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:28 | 5269 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Some problems of evaluation of water quality by biological indices which can be applied in the practice of ecological monitoring on water bodies are considered in this report. Taking into account, that ecological monitoring is the most urgent for large lakes, situated in civilised (urbanised) and (or) agrarian landscapes the corresponding problems will be considered mainly in conformity with large deep lakes of temperate latitudes. The aim is a general evaluation of some of the methods from the point of view of their possible application for monitoring on large water bodies.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Ecosystem management ; Water quality control ; Freshwater lakes ; Indicators ; Classification ; Water quality ; Russia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Approval of systems of Biological Indication of Water Quality under the auspices of the Severn-Trent Water Authority, UK (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5271 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:31 | 5271 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In accordance with the plan for joint Anglo-Soviet scientific and technical collaboration on environmental problems, the comparative evaluation of systems of hydrobiological analysis of the surface water quality started in 1977 at the Regional Laboratory of the Severn-Trent Water Authority in Nottingham were continued in the spring of 1978. The investigations were carried out under the auspices of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Hydrobiological and hydrochemical samples were collected by Soviet and British specialists from the Kiev reservoir and the rivers Dnieper, Sozh, Desna and Snov. The possible approved methods to be adopted were evaluated from the samples using the phytoperiphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos against a background of hydrochemical characteristics.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Rivers ; Water quality ; Water quality control ; Indicators ; Indicator species ; Phytoplankton ; International cooperation ; Ukraine
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    The application of methods of ecosystem analysis to the evaluation of water quality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5266 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:09 | 5266 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Guided by experience and the theoretical development of hydrobiology, it can be considered that the main aim of water quality control should be the establishment of the rates of the self-purification process of water bodies which are capable of maintaining communities in a state of dynamic balance without changing the integrity of the ecosystem. Hence, general approaches in the elaboration of methods for hydrobiological control are based on the following principles: a. the balance of matter and energy in water bodies; b. the integrity of the ecosystem structure and of its separate components at all levels. Ecosystem analysis makes possible a revelation of the whole totality of factors which determine the anthropogenic evolution of a water body. This is necessary for the study of long-term changes in water bodies. The principles of ecosystem analysis of water bodies, together with the creation of their mathematical models, are important because, in future, with the transition of water demanding production into closed cycles of water supply, changes in water bodies will arise in the main through the influence of 'diffuse' pollution (from the atmosphere, with utilisation in transport etc.).
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Methodology ; Ecosystem management ; Ecosystems ; Water quality control ; Modelling ; Hydrobiology ; Water bodies
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Petroleum hydrocarbons in fresh waters: a preliminary desk study and bibliography (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5278 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:11:09 | 5278 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A literature survey was carried out into the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in freshwater, from the toxicity, biodegradability and concentration aspects. It was supplemented by a selective search on hydrocarbons in the marine environment for comparison. The aim was to determine the major inputs of these hydrocarbons, their accumulation, effects and fate in freshwaters. The search was confined to the period 1965-1978. The bibliography contains 390 references, divided by subject.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; literature reviews ; petroleum ; toxicity ; biodegradation
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    The impact of physical processes on algal growth (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5286 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:11:58 | 5286 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Mixing and transport processes in surface waters strongly influence the structure of aquatic ecosystems. The impact of mixing on algal growth is species-dependent, affecting the competition among species and acting as a selective factor for the composition of the biocoenose. Were it not for the ever-changing ”aquatic weather”, the composition of pelagic ecosystems would be relatively simple. Probably just a few optimally adapted algal species would survive in a given water-body. In contrast to terrestrial ecosystems, in which the spatial heterogeneity is primarily responsible for the abundance of niches, in aquatic systems (especially in the pelagic zone) the niches are provided by the temporal structure of physical processes. The latter are discussed in terms of the relative sizes of physical versus biological time-scales. The relevant time-scales of mixing and transport cover the range between seconds and years. Correspondingly, their influence on growth of algae is based on different mechanisms: rapid changes are relevant for the fast biological processes such as nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, and the slower changes are relevant for the less dynamic processes such as growth, respiration, mineralization, and settling of algal cells. Mixing time-scales are combined with a dynamic model of photosynthesis to demonstrate their influence on algal growth.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Freshwater lakes ; Physical limnology ; Models ; Growth ; Photosynthesis ; Water mixing
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    Eutrophication in the River Meuse (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5294 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:11 | 5294 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The severe problems caused by large phytoplankton populations in the River Meuse date back to the beginning of the 1980s. However, no clear relationship can be established between an increase of algal growth and dissolved nutrient concentrations, at least in the Belgian part of the river. Most probably, plankton algae start developing in France, utilizing large inputs of phosphorus from some of the tributaries: this point will be investigated further, as well as the effect of a reduction in the releases of phosphorus. A mathematical model helps to understand the main factors which control algal growth: underwater light, temperature, discharge and grazing by zooplankton. The last is a major loss process in summer and, as shown by recent observations, may trigger a seasonal succession leading to dominance by large phytoplankton taxa. With regard to water quality, eutrophication is a major problem in drinking-water treatment (filter clogging, etc.) and large numbers of decomposing algae may adversely affect the oxygen budget of the river. On the other hand, algal photosynthesis is the most important oxygen source at periods of low discharge, and reduced algal production may result in dramatic oxygen decreases in heavily polluted stretches of the river.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; River water ; Rivers ; Eutrophication ; Models ; Growth ; Algal blooms ; Biomass ; Dissolved oxygen ; Europe ; Meuse River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Management of Biesboch reservoirs for quality control with special reference to eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5297 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:45 | 5297 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The three Biesbosch Reservoirs are pumped storage reservoirs, fed with rather polluted and highly eutrophic water from the River Meuse. Air injection at the bottom of the reservoirs prevents thermal stratification, which would otherwise result in serious water quality deterioration. Reservoir mixing also serves as an economic algal control measure; mixing over sufficient depth causes light to play the role of limiting factor and this, combined with zooplankton grazing, keeps the biomass of phytoplankton at acceptable levels. Special problems are caused by benthic, geosmin-producing Oscillatoria species growing on the inner embankment. Rooting up the bottom with a harrow is used as the method of control, based on underwater observations by biological staff trained as SCUBA-divers. With regard to pollutant behaviour the three reservoirs act as a series of fully mixed reactors. This enables the application of kinetic models to describe their behaviour and allows the use of a selective intake policy, e.g. for suspended solids with associated contaminants, ammonia and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. A combination of selective intake and self- purification processes - enhanced by the compartmentalisation of the storage volume in three reservoirs - leads to a striking improvement for many water-quality parameters.
    Keywords: Limnology ; Management ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Water reservoirs ; Water management ; Phytoplankton ; Pollution control ; Water supply ; Netherlands
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    Stress, shredders and streams: using gammarus energetics to assess water quality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5308 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:41 | 5308 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This paper reviews the effectiveness of Gammarus scope for growth (SfG) as an indicator of water quality. In addition, the link between physiological changes and effects at higher levels of biological organisation is addressed. Exposure to a range of toxicants resulted in decreases in Gammarus SfG which were qualitatively and quantitatively correlated with subsequent reductions in growth and reproduction. Reductions in SfG were due principally to a decrease in energy intake (i.e. feeding rate) rather than an increase in energy expenditure. Gammarus pulex is an important shredder in many stream communities and stressed-induced reductions in its feeding activity were correlated with reductions in the processing of leaf litter by a semi-natural stream community. Hence, changes in the physiological energetics of Gammarus provide a general and sensitive indicator of stress which can be linked to effects at higher levels of biological organisation. Under long-term stress and hence prolonged reductions in SfG, animals may adapt by modifying their life-history strategies and producing fewer, larger offspring.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Indicator species ; Rivers ; Water quality ; Water quality control ; Aquatic communities ; Pollution effects ; Pollution indicators ; Animal physiology ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Acclimatization ; Bioassays ; Energy budget ; Environmental assessment ; Biological stress
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    From the individual to the community and beyond: water quality, stress indicators and key species in coastal waters (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5304 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:04 | 5304 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This review examines water quality and stress indicators at levels of organisation from the individual to the community and beyond by means of three case studies concentrating on rocky shores within the north-east Atlantic. Responses of dogwhelks (Nucella) to tributyltin pollution from antifouling paints is examined as the main case study. There are effects at the individual level (development of male sexual characteristics in the female leading to effective sterility) and population level (reduction in juveniles, few females and eventual population disappearance of dogwhelks in badly contaminated areas) but information on community level effects of dogwhelk demise is sparse. Such effects were simulated by dogwhelk removal experiments on well studied, moderately exposed ledges on shores on the Isle of Man. The removal of dogwhelks reduced the size and longevity of newly established Fucus clumps that had escaped grazing. Removal of dogwhelks also increased the likelihood of algal escapes. In a factorial experiment dogwhelks were shown to be less important than limpets \{Patella) in structuring communities but still had a significant modifying effect by increasing the probability of algal escapes. Community level responses to stress on rocky shores are then explored by reference to catastrophic impacts such as oil spills, using the Torrey Canyon as a case study. Recovery of the system in response to this major perturbation took between 10-15 years through a series of damped oscillations. The final case study is that of indicators of ecosystem level change in response to climate fluctuations, using ratios of northern \{Semibalanus balanoides) and southern (Chthamalus spp.) barnacles. Indices derived from counts on the shore show good correlations with inshore sea-water temperatures after a 2-year lag phase. The use of barnacles to measure offshore changes is reviewed. The discussion considers the use of bioindicators at various levels of organisation.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Oceanography ; Pollution ; Coastal zone ; Water quality ; Biological stress ; Pesticides ; Marine molluscs ; Oil spills ; Algae ; England
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    Detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in water and environmental concentrates (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5340 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:02:29 | 5340 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Whilst current methods for the isolation and enumeration of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in water have provided some insight into their occurrence and significance, they are regarded as being inefficient, variable and time-consuming, with much of the interpretation being left to the expertise of the analyst. Two expectations of novel developments are to reduce the variability and subjectivity associated with the isolation and identification of oocysts. Flocculation, immunomagnetisable and flow cytometric techniques, for concentrating oocysts from water samples, should prove more reliable than current methods, whilst the development of more avid and specific monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with the use of nuclear fluorochromes will aid identification. Further insight into the viability, taxonomy, species identification, infectivity and virulence of the parasite should be forthcoming through the use of techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation and non-uniform alternating current electrical fields. Such information is necessary in order to enable microbiologists, epidemiologists, engineers, utility operators and regulators to assess the safety of a water supply, with respect to Cryptosporidium contamination, more effectively.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Oocytes ; Protozoan diseases ; Parasites ; Life cycle ; Disease transmission ; Methodology ; Antibodies ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Luminescence ; Protists
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Recent progress in the identification and determination of freshwater phytoplankton in the natural environment (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5326 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:15 | 5326 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The biomass of the phytoplankton and its composition is one of the most important factors in water quality control. Determination of the phytoplankton assemblage is usually done by microscopic analysis (Utermöhl's method). Quantitative estimations of the biovolume, by cell counting and cell size measurements, are time-consuming and normally are not done in routine water quality control. Several alternatives have been tried: computer-based image analysis, spectral fluorescence signatures, flow cytometry and pigment fingerprinting aided by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The latter method is based on the fact that each major algal group of taxa contains a specific carotenoid which can be used for identification and relative quantification of the taxa in the total assemblage. This article gives a brief comparative introduction to the different techniques available and presents some recent results obtained by HPLC-based pigment fingerprinting, applied to three lakes of different trophic status. The results show that this technique yields reliable results from different lake types and is a powerful tool for studying the distribution pattern of the phytoplankton community in relation to water depth. However, some restrictions should be taken into account for the interpretation of routine data.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water supply ; Phytoplankton ; Identification ; Chromatographic techniques ; Water quality ; Water quality control ; Inland water environment ; Methodology ; Chlorophylls ; Germany
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    The production of freshwater fish for food (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5345 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:02:58 | 5345 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: It has been estimated that in England and Wales fresh water covers some 340 square miles of which about one quarter is inhabited mainly by salmon and trout; in Scotland the lakes cover an area of 340 square miles. The principal object of this publication is to make available in handy form some of the methods, especially those involving the use of manures, by which crops of fish from water can be increased. The cultivation of water which this implies may be compared directly to the cultivation of farm land: the conditions for growth are made as favourable as possible, the seed is sown in the form of young fish, and after one or perhaps two growing seasons the crop is harvested. There are however many waters about the country where marketable fish are already available and can be removed without prejudice to, and indeed to the advantage of, sporting fisheries. In such cases it is necessary only to remove the fish and to rely on the natural processes of reproduction of those which are left to repopulate the water. Farming waters in the true sense is the concern of the greater part of this publication; the removal of crops of otherwise unwanted fish is considered in the last two sections on perch trapping and eel fisheries.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Fish culture ; Fish ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Pond construction ; Fish ponds ; Food consumption ; Food fish ; UK
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    Format: 315-322
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    On statistical treatment of the results of parallel trails with special reference to fishery research (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5346 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:03:10 | 5346 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Parallel trials form a most important part of the technique of scientific experimentation. Such trials may be divided into two; categories. In the first the results are comparable measurements of one kind or another. In the second the data consist of records of the number of times a certain 'event' has occurred in the two sets of trials compared. Only trials of the second category are dealt with here. In this paper all the reliable methods of testing for significance the results of parallel trials of a certain type with special reference to fishery research are described fully. Some sections relate to exact, others to approximate tests. The only advantage in the use of the latter lies in the fact that they are often the more expeditious. Apart from this it is always preferable to use exact methods.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Methodology ; Mathematical analysis ; Inland fisheries ; Equations ; Statistical analysis
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    Observations on the physiological development of trout eggs [Translation from: Roux. Arch. f. Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen, 114. 771, 1929] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5048 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:28:25 | 5048 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The osmotic pressure of the perivitelline fluid and the yolk of trout (Salmo trutta) eggs were measured separately by the Drucker-Schrein method. The permeability of the egg membrane and the variations in the osmotic pressure of the eggs when placed in salt solutions were also investigated.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Osmosis ; Osmotic pressure ; Fish eggs ; Yolk ; Cytology ; Russia ; Salmo trutta
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Ecological study of chalk streams. Lambourn project. Interim report October 1977 to April 1979 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5081 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:31:03 | 5081 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Few detailed studies have been made on the ecology of the chalk streams. A complex community of plants and animals is present and much more information is required to achieve an understanding of the requirements and interactions of all the species. It is important that the rivers affected by this scheme should be studied and kept under continued observation so that any effects produced by the scheme can be detected. The report gives a synopsis of work carried out between 1971 and 1979 focusing on the present phase 1978-1979. It assumes some familiarity with the investigations carried out on the River Lambourn during the preceding years. The aims of the present phase of the project may be divided into two broad aspects. The first involves collecting further information in the field and includes three objectives: a continuation of studies on the Lambourn sites at Bagnor; comparative studies on other chalk streams; and a comparative study on a limestone stream. The second involves detailed analyses of data previously collected to document the recovery of the Lambourn from operational pumping and to attempt to develop simple conceptual and predictive models applicable over a wide range of physical and geographical variables. (PDF contains 43 pages)
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Chalk ; Limnological surveys ; Freshwater ecology ; Invertebrate larvae ; Macrophytes ; Freshwater fish ; Rivers ; England ; Lambourn River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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