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  • Elsevier  (303,300)
  • American Physical Society  (30,038)
  • Public Library of Science  (24,803)
  • 2020-2022  (358,141)
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Year
  • 11
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    The 847 CE earthquake in central-southern Italy: New hints from archaeosismological and geophysical investigations in the Volturno River Valley area (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: Integration of archaeoseismic observations, geological and geophysical surveys and a critical review of historical written sources contributed to shed light on the effects of the 847 earthquake AD that struck a large area of Southern-Central Italy. New archaeoseismic evidence of a strong earthquake comes from two Medieval archaeological sites along the Volturno Valley, between Campania and Molise regions, which occurred around the middle of the ninth century AD. Evidence includes the tilting of pillars in the Basilica of Santa Maria near Alvignano (northern Campania) and a collapsed masonry wall in the Abbey of San Vincenzo al Volturno near Isernia (northern Molise). At Alvignano, a site so far unrecorded in seismic catalogues for the 847 earthquake, geoelectrical and georadar investigations were used to explore the subsoil and study local site conditions, which could have influenced coseismic ground motion. Integrated interpretation of geophysical surveys and borehole logs document the presence of altered pyroclastic deposits, which certainly enhanced site effects at Alvignano. Analysis of damage descriptions and of archaeological reports indicate that the 847 seismic event documented by historical sources damaged a wide area between Latium, Campania and Molise, with destruction of the town of Isernia. Although historical sources did not explicitly mention damage in Rome, seismic effects attributed to the 847 event are recorded in the archaeological and seismological literature. Because the damaged area for this medieval earthquake is loosely defined due to the scanty documentation, the present study represents an important contribution to better define the shaking area and provide new hints on the extent and location of the possible seismogenic source.
    Description: Published
    Description: 228301
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 12
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    Linking magma texture, rheology and eruptive style during the 472 AD Pollena Subplinian eruption (Somma-Vesuvius) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-02
    Description: The study of medium-large magnitude and intermediate-high intensity (VEI = 4/5; Column Height 15-20 km) eruptions fed by poorly evolved magmas is one of the main topics in volcanology. In this framework, the 472 CE (Pollena) eruption from Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) represents a key case study, as it is one of the subplinian eruptions used to constrain the reference scenario adopted by the Italian Department of Civil Protection in case of renewal activity at Somma-Vesuvius. The Pollena eruption experienced a complex dynamics, with abrupt shifts in eruptive style. This study focused on the fall products (L1- L8) of the magmatic eruptive phases (Phases I and II), which preceded the onset of the final phreatomagmatic phase (Phase III). Phase I was characterized by unsteady magma discharge resulting in an oscillating convective column, whereas Phase II involved pulsating activity with alternation of sustained and collapsing columns. To evaluate the role of textural variability in controlling magma rheology (and therefore variations in magma discharge), a detailed textural analysis of the juvenile products has been performed. Pyroclast textures record a variable degree of outgassing efficiency and lateral textural stratification of magma in the conduit, related to differential magma ascent rates and resulting in variable eruption intensity. Repetitive patterns of magma densification, achieved by progressive outgassing and crystallization, led to stages of decreasing ascent velocity resulting in the end of the eruptive pulse (during the oscillatory Phase I) or anticipating PDC emplacement (at the end of Phase I and during the pulsatory Phase II). Further decompression of the outgassed magma induced intense clinopyroxene microlite crystallization, that markedly increased magma viscosity and promoted the restoration of sustained columns during the eruption climaxes (L3 and L8). Magma densification patterns and consequent unsteadiness in magma discharge at the surface may derive from small heterogeneities in the initial volatile budget and/or represent a natural evolution of low viscosity magmas, as those feeding Pollena eruption, where efficient crystallization in the conduit can deeply and abruptly modify magma rheology, outgassing ability, conduit flow and, ultimately, eruptive style.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105658
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 13
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    Advancements in Understanding the Radon Signal in Volcanic Areas: A Laboratory Approach Based on Rock Physicochemical Changes (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-22
    Description: Radon monitoring represents an important investigation tool for environmental changes assessment and geochemical hazard surveillance. Despite anomalous radon emissions are commonly observed prior to earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, radon monitoring alone is not yet successful in correctly predicting these catastrophic events because contrasting radon signals are unexpectedly measured by lithologically distinct areas. This contribution aims to summarize and integrate natural and laboratory studies pertaining to the transport behavior of radon in different rock types experiencing variable stress and thermal regimes at subvolcanic conditions. The final purpose is to ignite novel and pioneer experimental researches exploring the causes and consequences of radon anomalous emissions, in order to elucidate in full the relationship between the physicochemical changes in substrate rocks and the radon signal.
    Description: Published
    Description: 309-328
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Keywords: deformation experiments ; radon monitoring ; radon signal and rock physicochemical changes ; radon transport and geochemical anomalies ; thermal experiments ; volcanic surveillance ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 14
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    Origin and pattern of salinization in the Holocene aquifer of the southern Po Delta (NE Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-03
    Description: The origin and patterns of groundwater salinity of a shallow coastal aquifer pertaining to a reclaimed subsiding zone of the Po Delta are examined in this study. The aim is to identify the source of the hypersaline groundwater residing in the basal portion of the aquifer and to infer the mechanism of salinization of the remaining portion of the aquifer. To disentangle the possible sources of salinity the molar ratio of environmental tracers like Cl− and Br− were used in combination with the classical geochemical analyses of major and minor cations ratios. High-resolution multi-level sampling (MLS) allowed obtaining a robust and self-consistent hydrogeochemical database, which was statistically analysed via factor analysis and proved to be log-normally distributed. Thus, a common origin could be inferred for the elevated salinity that characterize most of the groundwater samples, this can be recognized in the organic rich fine-grained sediments, deposited in salty back barrier and marsh environments during the last transgression phase. This study proves that a detailed analysis of groundwater geochemistry can be considered a valuable tool to assess the origin of salinity in coastal Holocene aquifers, where the traditional conceptual model of a simple fresh/seawater interface may not be adequate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 130-137
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 15
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    Newly discovered orichalcum ingots from Mediterranean sea: Further investigation (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-14
    Description: In February 2016, 47 ingots were found in the seabed of Contrada Bulala (Gela, CL, Italy) near the site where 40 ingots had previously been recovered. The ingots composition was determined to be a Cu - Zn alloy, dated by the archaeologist to the VI century B.C. This specific alloy was then known as Orichalcum. From an archaeological point of view, the first question raised about the new discovery was whether the ingots of the first and the second excavations belonged to the same shipwreck. Following the previous study, an elemental analysis was performed on the ingots from the second finding by using ICP-OS and ICP-MS techniques. The chemometric treatment of the analytical results obtained on both sets, i.e. ingots from first and second discovery, confirms their similarity. Therefore, the two findings can be considered to belong to the same naval load. The lead isotopic ratios were determined on selected/representative ingots to improve the knowledge about this treasure. Results can provide information about probable location of the lead sources, that could be very useful for the reconstruction of the ancient trade routes in the Mediterranean Sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102901
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Orichalcum ingots ; Lead Isotopic ratio ; ICP-OES ICP-MS ; Chemometric approach ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 16
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    Multivariate statistical analysis to characterize/discriminate between anthropogenic and geogenic trace elements occurrence in the Campania Plain, Southern Italy (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-03
    Description: Shallow aquifers are the most accessible reservoirs of potable groundwater; nevertheless, they are also prone to various sources of pollution and it is usually difficult to distinguish between human and natural sources at the watershed scale. The area chosen for this study (the Campania Plain) is characterized by high spatial heterogeneities both in geochemical features and in hydraulic properties. Groundwater mineralization is driven by many processes such as, geothermal activity, weathering of volcanic products and intense human activities. In such a landscape, multivariate statistical analysis has been used to differentiate among the main hydrochemical processes occurring in the area, using three different approaches of factor analysis: (i) major elements, (ii) trace elements, (iii) both major and trace elements. The elaboration of the factor analysis approaches has revealed seven distinct hydrogeochemical processes: i) Salinization (Cl-, Na+); ii) Carbonate rocks dissolution; iii) Anthropogenic inputs (NO3-, SO42-, U, V); iv) Reducing conditions (Fe2+, Mn2+); v) Heavy metals contamination (Cr and Ni); vi) Geothermal fluids influence (Li+); and vii) Volcanic products contribution (As, Rb). Results from this study highlight the need to separately apply factor analysis when a large data set of trace elements is available. In fact, the impact of geothermal fluids in the shallow aquifer was identified from the application of the factor analysis using only trace elements. This study also reveals that the factor analysis of major and trace elements can differentiate between anthropogenic and geogenic sources of pollution in intensively exploited aquifers.
    Description: Published
    Description: 260-269
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Anthropogenic inputs; Factor analysis; Geogenic sources; Groundwater; Seawater intrusion; Trace elements
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 17
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    Chemical heterogeneity of Mt. Etna magmas in the last 15 ka. Inferences on their mantle sources (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-18
    Description: Primitive basalticmagmas are crucial in the study of the geochemical heterogeneity documented in Etnamagmas and their inferred mantle sources. We undertook a systematic sampling of the less evolved basalts (Mg# N50) erupted over the last 15 ka, a time period which corresponds to the activity of the youngest volcanic edifice of Mt. Etna complex, i.e. Mongibello volcano. We focused on lava flows and pyroclastites emplaced during ‘deepdyke fed’ (DDF) eruptions which were driven by the rapid ascent of deeply-rooted magma intrusions that bypassed the shallow plumbing system of the volcano. All the samples were analyzed by the same laboratory to avoid analytical bias, to build a comprehensive dataset on their major and trace element compositions and to propose a coherent framework for interpreting the geochemical fingerprints of present-day Etna basalts. Trace element modeling, togetherwith literature data for Sr isotopes, gave insight into long-term magmatic processes related to different melting degrees of the heterogeneous mantle beneath Mt Etna. DDF magma batches provide good snapshots of their mantle source heterogeneities that point to the variable involvement of clinopyroxenitic lithology, Rb–87Sr–Cl-rich fluid component(s) possibly controlled by their source mineralogy, and slab-derived fluids selectively enriched in alkalis (Rb, K). The ongoing alkali (Rb, K) enrichment of the present-day magmas, well manifest since the 1970s, is decoupled from that of Sr and Cl. We propose that this process is linked to mantle source composition and is concomitant with changes in both volcanological and seismotectonic patterns of the volcano. There is no time evolution of DDF magma chemistry.
    Description: Published
    Description: 123-134
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 18
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    Evidence for an unknown explosive eruption of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) during the Late Glacial (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: We report on the geochemical and chronological characterization of a tephra layer, here called RdV-T1, recovered within a continental sequence at Riparo di Venere site in the Fucino Basin (central Italy). Textural, mineralogical, and detailed geochemical (major and trace elements on single glass shard) analyses indicate thatMt. Etna is the volcanic source. Radiocarbon dating of charred materials above and belowthis tephra layer result in 13,380±40 (16,260–15,920 cal yrs BP) and 13,620±40 (16,625–16,230 cal yrs BP) 14C years BP, respectively. This age points out that RdV-T1 tephra derives fromthe Late Pleistocene activity of the Ellittico caldera-forming phase of Mt. Etna that is significantly (up to 1750 yrs) younger than the Biancavilla Ignimbrites and upper Acireale fall, which are the last known events of this eruptive cycle. In addition, the RdV-T1 tephra geochemical signature is distinctwith respect to the Biancavilla Ignimbrites and upper Acireale fall. Therefore, the radiocarbon and geochemical data consistently indicate that the RdV-T1 tephra may represent an explosive event following the Biancavilla Ignimbritesand the upper Acireale fall not yet identified.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106992
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Etna ; Tephra ; Late Glacial
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    Late Quaternary coastal uplift of southwestern Sicily, central Mediterranean sea (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Mapping and luminescence aging of raised marine terraces and aeolian ridges along an ∼90 km coastal stretch in southwestern Sicily provide the first quantitative assessment of vertical tectonic deformation in this region, which spans the frontal part of an active thrust belt. We recognized a staircase of eleven terraces and nine related aeolian ridges. The elevation profile of terraces parallel to the coast shows a 〉90 km long bell-shaped pattern, onto which shorter-wavelength (∼10 km long) undulations are superimposed. Luminescence ages from terraced beach deposits and aeolian sediments constrain the position of paleoshorelines formed during MIS 5e, 7a and 7c, with a maximum uplift rate of ∼0.75 mm/a, and indicate a late Middle-Late Pleistocene (80–400 ka) age for the sequence of terraces. The elevation of Lower Pleistocene morpho-depositional markers points that uplift may have occurred at similar rates at the beginning of the Early Pleistocene, but almost zeroed between ∼1.5 and 0.4 Ma before the recent renewal. The uneven elevation of Middle-Upper Pleistocene paleoshorelines observed moving along the coast documents that uplift embeds both a regional and a local component. The regional, symmetric bell-shaped uplift is related to involvement in the thrust belt of thicker crustal portions of the northern African continental margin. The short-wavelength undulations represent the local component and correspond to actively growing bedrock folds. The present study contributes to unravel the different spatial and temporal scales of deformation processes at a collisional margin.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106812
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Marine terraces ; Aeolian ridges ; Luminescence dating ; Pleistocene ; Frontal thrust belt ; Fold growth ; Southwestern Sicily ; Mediterranean sea ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Spatial-temporal water column monitoring using multiple, low-cost GasPro-pCO2 sensors: implications for monitoring, modelling, and potential impact (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Monitoring of the water column in the vicinity of offshore Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sites is needed to ensure site integrity and to protect the surrounding marine ecosystem. In this regard, the use of continuous, autonomous systems is considered greatly advantageous due to the costs and limitations of periodic, ship-based sampling campaigns. While various geochemical monitoring tools have been developed their elevated costs and complexities mean that typically only one unit can be deployed at a time, yielding single point temporal data but no spatial data. To address this the authors have developed low-cost pCO2 sensors (GasPro-pCO2) that are small, robust, stable, and which have a low power consumption, characteristics which allow for the deployment of numerous units to monitor the spatial-temporal distribution of pCO2, temperature, and water pressure in surface water environments. The present article details the results of three field deployments at the natural, CO2-leaking site near Panarea, Island. While the first consisted of 6 probes placed on the sea floor for a 2.5 month period, the other two involved the deployment of 20 GasPro units along a transect through the water column in the vicinity of active CO2 seeps over 2 – 4 days. Results show both transport and mixing processes and highlight the dynamic nature of the leakage-induced marine geochemical anomalies. Implications for monitoring programs as well as potential impacts are discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3840 – 3847
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: spatial-temporal monitoring ; pCO2 ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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