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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (1,631)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experimental results of tests made at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory are presented to show how heat-transfer coefficients can he increased by a method utilizing the high rate of heat transfer known to exist on any heat-transfer surface in the region adjacent to the edge on which the cooling or heating fluid impinges. The results show that, for the same pressure drop, the average surface heat-transfer.coefficient can be increased 50 to 100 percent when a cooling surface having a length of four inches in the direction of fluid flow is cut to form twenty fins with a length of 0.2 inch in the direction of fluid flow and the fins are sharpened and staggered in the air stream. The percentage of increase in the surface heat-transfer coefficient obtained as a result of shortening the length of the cooling surface varies with the pressure drop of the cooling fluid in passing the surface, the increase being largest when small pressure drop is used and smallest when high pressure drop is used.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-WR-L-239 , NACA-ARR-3K01
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An analysis is made to simplify pressure-drop calculations for nonadiabatic and adiabatic friction flow of air in smooth cylindrical tubes when the density changes due to heat transfer and pressure drop are appreciable. Solutions of the equation of motion are obtained by the use of Reynolds' analogy between heat transfer and skin friction. Charts of the solutions are presented for making pressure-drop calculations. A technique of using the charts to determine the position of a normal shock in a tube is described.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-WR-L-179 , NACA-ARR-L4C16
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: A study of a flow through a straight converging-diverging nozzle of simple design has been made preliminary to studies of other supersonic flows. The diverging part of the nozzle was designed by the Prandtl-Busemann method to give a uniform pressure at its exit of 0.298 times the initial total head, that is, to give a Mach number of 1.436. Schlieren photographs of the flow and pressure-distribution measurements along the diverging part of the nozzle were made. A comparison of the theory with these measurements is presented.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-WR-E-102
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A discussion of the interaction between normal shocks and boundary layers on the basis of experimental evidence obtained in studies of supersonic flows in passages is given. The investigation was made as a result of the inability of the existing normal-shock theory to explain phenomena involving normal shocks that occurred in the presence of boundary layers. Assumptions with regard to the character of the effects of interaction between boundary layer and normal shock are proposed; these assumptions seem to give good agreement with certain experimental results.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-CB-4A27
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-01
    Description: The InSight spacecraft was proposed to be a build-to-print copy of the Phoenix vehicle due to the knowledge that the lander payload would be similar and the trajectory would be similar. However, the InSight aerothermal analysts, based on tests performed in CO2 during the Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL) and completion of Russian databases, considered radiative heat flux to the aftbody from the wake for the first time for a US Mars mission. The combined convective and radiative heat flux was used to determine if the as-flown Phoenix thermal protection system (TPS) design would be sufficient for InSight. All analyses showed that the design would be adequate. Once the InSight lander was successfully delivered to Mars on November 26, 2018, work began to reconstruct the atmosphere and trajectory in order to evaluate the aerothermal environments that were actually encountered by the spacecraft and to compare them to the design environments.The best estimated trajectory (BET) reconstructed for the InSight atmospheric entry fell between the two trajectories considered for the design, when looking at the velocity versus altitude values. The maximum heat rate design trajectory (MHR) flew at a higher velocity and the maximum heat load design trajectory (MHL) flew at a lower velocity than the BET. For TPS sizing, the MHL trajectory drove the design. Reconstruction has shown that the BET flew for a shorter time than either of the design environments, hence total heat load on the vehicle should have been less than used in design. Utilizing the BET, both DPLR and LAURA were first run to analyze the convective heating on the vehicle with no angle of attack. Both codes were run with axisymmetric, laminar flow in radiative equilibrium and vibrational non-equilibrium with a surface emissivity of 0.8. Eight species Mitcheltree chemistry was assumed with CO2, CO, N2, O2, NO, C, N, and O. Both codes agreed within 1% on the forebody and had the expected differences on the aftbody. The NEQAIR and HARA codes were used to analyze the radiative heating on the vehicle using full spherical ray-tracing. The codes agreed within 5% on most aftbody points of interest.The LAURA code was then used to evaluate the conditions at angle of attack at the peak heating and peak pressure times. Boundary layer properties were investigated to confirm that the flow over the forebody was laminar for the flight.Comparisons of the aerothermal heating determined for the reconstructed trajectory to the design trajectories showed that the as-flown conditions were less severe than design
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN69598 , AIAA SciTech 2020; Jan 06, 2020 - Jan 10, 2020; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: The differential equation of Chaplygin's jet problem is utilized to give a systematic development of particular solutions of the hodograph flow equations, which extends the treatment of Chaplygin into the supersonic range and completes the set of particular solutions. The particular solutions serve to place on a reasonable basis the use of velocity correction formulas for the comparison of incompressible and compressible flows. It is shown that the geometric-mean type of velocity correction formula introduced in part I has significance as an over-all type of approximation in the subsonic range. A brief review of general conditions limiting the potential flow of an adiabatic compressible fluid is given and application is made to the particular solutions, yielding conditions for the existence of singular loci in the supersonic range. The combining of particular solutions in accordance with prescribed boundary flow conditions is not treated in the present paper.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA/TR-790
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  • 8
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: A brief summary of the contents of this paper is presented here. In part I the differential equations of the problem of a gas flow in two dimensions is derived and the particular integrals by which the problem on jets is solved are given. Use is made of the same independent variables as Molenbroek used, but it is found to be more suitable to consider other functions. The stream function and velocity potential corresponding to the problem are given in the form of series. The investigation on the convergence of these series in connection with certain properties of the functions entering them forms the subject of part II. In part III the problem of the outflow of a gas from an infinite vessel with plane walls is solved. In part IV the impact of a gas jet on a plate is considered and the limiting case where the jet expands to infinity changing into a gas flow is taken up in more detail. This also solved the equivalent problem of the resistance of a gaseous medium to the motion of a plate. Finally, in part V, an approximate method is presented that permits a simpler solution of the problem of jet flows in the case where the velocities of the gas (velocities of the particles in the gas) are not very large.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1063 , Scientific Memoirs; 1-121
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-01-18
    Description: A new, spectrally-resolved, Rayleigh scattering setup at NASA Ames is further developed to measure fluctuations in velocity and temperature. Using a combination of a continuous-wave laser, a stabilized Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), an EMCCD camera, and a photo-multiplier tube, the setup was demonstrated to provide fairly accurate measurements of time-averaged velocity, temperature, density and spectrum of density fluctuations in a high-speed free jet (Panda & White, 2018). This paper describes further progress in fast measurement of the Rayleigh-Brillouin spectrum via a 16-anode linear-array of photo-multiplier tube and a multi-channel, photo-electron counter. Rayleigh scattered light from a 0.4mm long probe volume was directly imaged through the FPI and was imaged on the linear array. Synchronous photo-electron counting over a series of short, contiguous gates provided time-evolution of the fringes at a 10 kHz sampling rate. Sample spectra collected from a Mach 0.98 jet show spectral content floating on high noise-floor. Efforts to collect longer time series of data and different schemes of extracting velocity and temperature information are now in progress.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: AIAA 2020-0300 , ARC-E-DAA-TN76183 , AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum; Jan 06, 2020 - Jan 10, 2020; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-01-15
    Description: A study was undertaken to investigate the CO & soot emissions generated by a partially-fueled 9- element LDI (Lean-Direct Injection) combustor configuration operating in the idle range of jet engine conditions. In order to perform the CFD analysis, several existing soot/chemistry models were implemented into the OpenNCC (Open National Combustion Code). The calculations were based on a Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulation with standard k-epsilon turbulence model, a 62- species jet-a/air chemistry, a 2-equation soot model, & a Lagrangian spray solver. A separate transport equation was solved for all individual species involved in jet-a/air combustion. In the test LDI configuration we examined, only five of the nine injectors were fueled with the major pilot injector operating at an equivalence ratio of near one and the other four main injectors operating at an equivalence ratio near 0.55. The calculations helped to identify several reasons behind the soot & CO formation in different regions of the combustor. The predicted results were compared with the reported experimental data on soot mass concentration (SMC) & emissions index of CO (EICO). The experimental results showed that an increase in either T3 and/or F/A ratio lead to a reduction in both EICO & SMC. The predicted results were found to be in reasonable agreement. However, the predicted EICO differed substantially in one test condition associated with higher F/A ratio.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: AIAA 2020-2088 , GRC-E-DAA-TN75696 , AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum; Jan 06, 2020 - Jan 10, 2020; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 11
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: One of the problems of modern cavitation research is the experimental determination of the wing loads on airfoils during cavitation. Such experiments were made on various airfoils with the support of the naval ministry at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research at Goettingen.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1060 , Hydromechanical Problems of Ship Propulsion; May 18, 1932 - May 19, 1932; Hamburg; Germany
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  • 12
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The,theory of heat.transfer from a solid body to a liquid stream could he presented previously** only with limiting assumptions about the movement of the fluid (potential flow, laminar frictional flow). (See references 1, 2, and 3). For turbulent flow, the most important practical case, the previous theoretical considerations did not go beyond dimensionless formulas and certain conclusions as to the analogy between the friction factor and the unit thermal conductance, (See references 4, 5, 6, and 7,) In order to obtain numerical results, an experimental treatment of the problem was resorted to, which gave rise to numerous investigations because of the importance of this problem in many branches of technology. However, the results of these investigations frequently deviate from one another. The experimental results are especially dependent upon the overall dimensions and the specific proportions of the equipment. In the present work, the attempt will be made to develop systematically the theory of the heat transfer and of the dependence of the unit thermal conductance upon shape and dimensions, using as a basis the velocity distribution for turbulent flow set up by Prandtl and Von Karman.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1068 , Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik; 1; 4; 268-290
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  • 13
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The heat transfer accompanying turbulent flow in tubes has been treated by a new theory of wall turbulence, and a formula for smooth tubes has been derived which is asymptotic at Re approaches infinity. It agrees very well with the data available to date. The formula also holds for the flow along a flat plate if lambda is based on the velocity far away. For rough tubes, the unit conductance is shown to be a function of kv*/upsilon; the two empirical constants (delta(r), n) which appear in equation (52) cannot yet be determined because of lack of experimental data.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1037 , Forschung auf dem Gebiete des Ingenieurwesens, Bd. 11; 11; 4; 149-158
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  • 14
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The "general Prandtl number" Pr(exp 1) - A(sub q)/A Pr, aside from the Reynolds number determines the ratio of turbulent to molecular heat transfer, and the temperature distribution in turbulent friction layers. A(sub q) = exchange coefficient for heat; A = exchange coefficient for momentum transfer. A formula is derived from the equation defining the general Prandtl number which describes the temperature as a function of the velocity. For fully developed thermal boundary layers all questions relating to heat transfer to and from incompressible fluids can be treated in a simple manner if the ratio of the turbulent shear stress to the total stress T(sub t)/T in the layers near the wall is known, and if the A(sub q)/A can be regarded as independent of the distance from the wall. The velocity distribution across a flat smooth channel and deep into the laminar sublayer was measured for isothermal flow to establish the shear stress ratio T(sub t)/T and to extend the universal wall friction law. The values of T(sub t)/T which resulted from these measurements can be approximately represented by a linear function of the velocity in the laminar-turbulent transition zone. The effect of the temperature relationship of the material values on the flow near the wall is briefly analyzed. It was found that the velocity at the laminar boundary (in contrast to the thickness of the laminar layer) is approximately independent of the temperature distribution. The temperature gradient at the wall and the distribution of temperature and heat flow in the turbulent friction layers were calculated on the basis of the data under two equations. The derived formulas and the figures reveal the effects of the Prandtl number, the Reynolds number, the exchange quantities and the temperature relationship of the material values.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1047 , Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik; 20; 6; 297-328
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Problems of hydraulic flow resistance and heat transfer for streams with velocities comparable with acoustic have present great importance for various fields of technical science. Especially, they have great importance for the field of heat transfer in designing and constructing boilers.of the "Velox" type. In this article a description of experiments and their results as regards definition of the laws of heat transfer in differential form for high velocity air streams inside smooth tubes are given.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1054 , Journal of Technical Physics; 9; 9; 808-818
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  • 16
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The effect of cyclic gas pressure variations on the periodic heat transfer at a flat wall is theoretically analyzed and the differential equation describing the process and its solution for relatively. Small pressure fluctuations developed, thus explaining the periodic heat cycle between gas and wall surface. The processes for pure harmonic pressure and temperature oscillations, respectively, in the gas space are described by means of a constant heat transfer coefficient and the equally constant phase angle between the appearance of the maximum values of the pressure and heat flow most conveniently expressed mathematically in the form of a complex heat transfer coefficient. Any cyclic pressure oscillations, can be reduced by Fourier analysis to harmonic oscillations, which result in specific, mutual relationships of heat-transfer coefficients and phase angles for the different harmonics.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1048 , Forschung auf de Gebiete des Ingenieurwesens; 11; 2; 67-75
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In an attempt to follow the time rate of change of the processes in turbulent flows by quantitative measurements the measurement of the pressure is often beset with insuperable difficulties for the reason that the speeds and hence the pressures to be measured are often very small. On the other hand, the measurement of very small pressures requires, at least, considerable time, so that the follow-up of periodically varying processes is as goad as impossible. In order to obviate these difficulties a method, suggested by Prof. Prandtl, has been developed by which the pressure distribution is simply determined from the photographic flow picture. This method is described and proved on a worked-out example. It was found that quantitatively very satisfactory results can be achieved.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1039 , Ingenieur-Archives; 6; 1; 34-50
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A method for recording the local heat-transfer coefficients on bodies in flow was developed. The cylinder surface was kept at constant temperature by the condensation of vapor except for a narrow strip which is heated separately to the same temperature by electricity. The heat-transfer coefficient at each point was determined from the electric heat output and the temperature increase. The distribution of the heat transfer along the circumference of cylinders was recorded over a range of Reynolds numbers of from 5000 to 426,000. The pressure distribution was measured at the same time. At Reynolds numbers up to around 100,000 high maximums of the heat transfer occurred in the forward stagnation point at and on the rear side at 180C, while at around 80 the heat-transfer coefficient on both sides of the cylinder behind the forward stagnation point manifested distinct minimums. Two other maximums occurred at around 115 C behind the forward stagnation point between 170,000 and 426,000. At 426,000 the heat transfer at the location of those maximums was almost twice as great as in the forward stagnation point, and the rear half of the cylinder diffused about 60 percent of the entire heat, The tests are compared with the results of other experimental and theoretical investigations.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1050 , Forschung auf dem Gebiete des Ingenieurwesens; 12; 2; 65-73
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: In the present report an investigation is made on a flat plate in a two-dimensional compressible flow of the effect of compressibility and heating on the turbulent frictional drag coefficient in the boundary layer of an airfoil or wing radiator. The analysis is based on the Prandtl-Karman theory of the turbulent boundary later and the Stodola-Crocco, theorem on the linear relation between the total energy of the flow and its velocity. Formulas are obtained for the velocity distribution and the frictional drag law in a turbulent boundary later with the compressibility effect and heat transfer taken into account. It is found that with increase of compressibility and temperature at full retardation of the flow (the temperature when the velocity of the flow at a given point is reduced to zero in case of an adiabatic process in the gas) at a constant R (sub x), the frictional drag coefficient C (sub f) decreased, both of these factors acting in the same sense.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1053 , Report of the Central Aero-Hydrodynamical Institute, Moscow; Rept-321
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  • 20
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: In the present report the theory of free turbulence propagation and the boundary layer theory are developed for a plane-parallel free stream of a compressible fluid. In constructing the theory use was made of the turbulence hypothesis by Taylor (transport of vorticity) which gives best agreement with test results for problems involving heat transfer in free jets.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1058 , Report of the Central Aero-Hydrodynamical Inst., Moscow; Rept-377
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The Reynolds law of heat transfer from a wall to a turbulent stream is extended to the case of flow of a compressible gas at high speeds. The analysis is based on the modern theory of the turbulent boundary layer with laminar sublayer. The investigation is carried out for the case of a plate situated in a parallel stream. The results are obtained independently of the velocity distribution in the turbulent boundar layer.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1032 , Rept-240
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A mathematical analysis of radiator design has been made. The volume of the radiator using least total power has been expressed in a single formula which shows that the optimum radiator volume is independent of the shape of the radiator and which makes possible the construction of design tables that give the optimum radiator volume per 100-horsepower heat dissipation as a function of the speed, of the altitude, and of one parameter involving characteristics of the airplane. Although, for a given set of conditions, the radiator volume using the least total power is fixed, the frontal area, or the length of the radiator needs to be separately specified in order to satisfy certain other requirement such as the ability to cool with the pressure drop available while the airplane is climbing. In order to simplify the specification for the shape of the radiator and in order to reduce the labor involved in calculating the detailed performance of radiators, generalized design curves have been developed for determining the pressure drop, the mass flow of air, and the power expended in overcoming the cooling drag of a radiator from the physical dimensions of the radiator. In addition, a table is derived from these curves, which directly gives the square root of the pressure drop required for ground cooling as a function of the radiator dimensions, of the heat dissipation and of the available temperature difference. Typical calculations using the tables of optimum radiator volume and the design curves are given. The jet power that can be derived from the heated air is proportional to the heat dissipation and is approximately proportional to the square of the airplane speed and to the reciprocal of the absolute temperature of the atmosphere. A table of jet power, per 100 horsepower of heat dissipation at various airplane speeds and altitudes is presented.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-ACR-213 , NACA-SR-213
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A method is presented of comparing the performance, weight, and general dimensional characteristics of inter-coolers. The performance and dimensional characteristics covered in the comparisons are cooling effectiveness, pressure drops and weight flows of the charge and cooling air, power losses, volume, frontal area, and width. A method of presenting intercooler data is described in which two types of charts are plotted; (1) A performance chart setting forth all the important characteristics of a given intercooler and (2) a replot of these characteristics for a number of intercoolers intended to assist in making a selection to satisfy a given set of installation conditions. The characteristics of commercial intercoolers obtained from manufacturers' data and of some computed designs are presented on this basis. A standard test procedure and instrumentation are suggested whereby comparable data may be obtained by different testing organizations.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-192
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2020-01-24
    Description: In this work we examine a multigrid preconditioning approach in the context of a high- order tensor-product discontinuous-Galerkin spectral-element solver. We couple multigrid ideas together with memory lean and efficient tensor-product preconditioned matrix-free smoothers. Block ILU(0)-preconditioned GMRES smoothers are employed on the coarsest spaces. The performance is evaluated on nonlinear problems arising from unsteady scale- resolving solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations: separated low-Mach unsteady ow over an airfoil from laminar to turbulent ow. A reduction in the number of ne space iterations is observed, which proves the efficiency of the approach in terms of preconditioning the linear systems, however this gain was not reflected in the CPU time. Finally, the preconditioner is successfully applied to problems characterized by stiff source terms such as the set of RANS equations, where the simple tensor product preconditioner fails. Theoretical justification about the findings is reported and future work is outlined.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN76312 , AIAA SciTech 2020; Jan 06, 2020 - Jan 10, 2020; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2020-01-23
    Description: Favorable indications of massive quantities of water on Mars have initiated studies of potential changes to human Mars missions. Using a technique known as a Rodriguez Well to melt the ice, store the resulting water in a subsurface ice cavity until needed, and then pump water to the surface for use is one potential means to effect these changes. A computer simulation of the Rodriguez Well in a terrestrial environment is one of the engineering tools being used to characterize the performance of this type of well on Mars. An experiment at the NASA Johnson Space Center is gathering data for convective heat transfer and evaporation rates at Mars surface conditions so that this computer simulation can be properly modified to predict performance on Mars. While quantitative results await processing, tests have indicated that a pool of water can be maintained at 1C to 2 C while at Mars surface temperatures and pressures.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN74283 , International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration; Jan 13, 2020 - Jan 17, 2020; Tierr del Fuego; Argentina
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: For the tunnel corrections of compressible flows those profiles are of interest for which at least the second approximation of the Janzen-Rayleigh method can be applied in closed form. One such case is presented by certain elliptical symmetrical cylinders located in the center of a tunnel with fixed walls and whose maximum velocity, incompressible, is twice the velocity of flow. In the numerical solution the maximum velocity at the profile and the tunnel wall as well as the entry of sonic velocity is computed. The velocity distribution past the contour and in the minimum cross section at various Mach numbers is illustrated on a worked out-example.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1030 , Luftfahrtforschung; 18; 9; 311-316
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: This preliminary investigation was made to study the hydrodynamic properties and general behavior of simple hydrofoils. Six 5- by 30-inch plain, rectangular hydrofoils were tested in the NACA tank at various speeds, angles of attack and depths below the water surface. Two of the hydrofoils had sections representing the sections of commonly used airfoils, one had a section similar to one developed Guidoni for use with hydrofoil-equipped seaplane floats, and three had sections designed to have constant chordwise pressure distributions at given values of the lift coefficient for the purpose of delaying the speed at which cavitation begins. The experimental results are presented as curves of the lift and drag coefficients plotted against speed for the various angles of attack and depths for which the hydrofoils were tested. A number of derived curves are included for the purpose of better comparing the characteristics of the hydrofoils and to show the effects of depth. Several representative photographs show the development of cavitation on the the upper surface of the hydrofoils. The results indicate that properly designed hydrofoil sections will have excellent characteristics and that the speed at which cavitation occurs may be delayed to an appreciable extent by the use of suitable sections.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-158
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  • 28
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: The Navier-Stokes stress principle is checked in the light of Maxwell's mechanism of friction and in connection herewith the possibility of another theorem is indicated. The Navier-Stokes stress principle is in general predicated upon the conception of the plastic body. Hence the process is a purely phenomenological one, which Newton himself followed with his special theorem for one-dimensional flows. It remained for Maxwell to discover the physical mechanism by which the shear inflow direction is developed: According to it, this shear is only 'fictitious' as it merely represents the substitute for a certain transport on macroscopic motion quantity, as conditioned by Brown's moiecular motion and the diffusion, respectively. It is clear that this mechanism is not bound to the special case of the one-dimensioilal flows, but holds for any flow as expression of the diffusion, by which a fluid differs sharply from a plastic body. If it is remembered, on the other hand, that the cause of the stresses on the plastic body lies in a certain cohesion of the molecules, it appears by no means self evident that this difference in the mechanism of friction between fluid and plastic body should not prevail in the stress principle as well, although it certainly is desirable in any case, at least subsequently, to establish the general theorem in the sense of Maxwell. Actually, a different theorem is suggested which, in contrast to that by Navier-Stokes, has the form of an unsymmetrical matrix. Without anticipating a final decision several reasons are advanced by way of a special flow which seem to affirm this new theorem. To make it clear that the problem involved here still awaits its final solution, is the real purpose behind the present article.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1029 , Luftfahrtforschung; 18; 9; 327-330
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The heat transfer in the laminar boundary layer of a heated plate in flow at high speed can be obtained by integration of the conventional differential equations of the boundary layer, so long as the material values can be regarded as constant. This premise is fairly well satisfied at speeds up to about twice the sonic speed and at not excessive temperature rise of the heated plate. The general solution of the equation includes Pohlhausen's specific cases of heat transfer to a plate at low speeds and of the plate thermometer. The solution shows that the heat transfer coefficient at high speed must be computed with the same equation as at low speed, when it is referred to the difference of the wall temperature of the heated plate in respect to its "natural temperature." Since this fact follows from the linear structure of the differential equation describing the temperature field, it is equally applicable to the heat transfer in the turbulent boundary layer.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1045 , Forschung; 11; 3; 116-124
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2020-01-18
    Description: Heatshield design for spacecraft entering the atmosphere of Mars may be affected by the presence of atmospheric dust. Particle impacts with sufficient kinetic energy can cause spallation damage to the heatshield that must be estimated. The dust environment in terms of particle size distribution and number density can be inferred from ground-based or atmospheric observations at Mars. Using a Lagrangian approach, the particle trajectories through the shock layer can be computed using a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. The dust particles are small enough that non-continuum effects must be accounted for when computing the drag coefficient and heat transfer to the particle surface. Surface damage correlations for impact crater diameter and penetration depth are presented for fused-silica, AVCOAT, Shuttle tiles, cork, and Norcoat Lige. The cork and Norcoat Lige correlations are new and were developed in this study. The modeling equations presented in this paper are applied to compute the heatshield erosion due to dust particle impacts on the ExoMars Schiaparelli entry capsule during dust storm conditions.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN76672 , AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum; Jan 06, 2020 - Jan 10, 2020; Orlando, FL; United States
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    Publication Date: 2020-01-17
    Description: Heatshield design for spacecraft entering the atmosphere of Mars may be affected by the presence of atmospheric dust. Particle impacts with sufficient kinetic energy can cause spallation damage to the heatshield that must be estimated. The dust environment in terms of particle size distribution and number density can be inferred from ground-based or atmospheric observations at Mars. Using a Lagrangian approach, the particle trajectories through the shock layer can be computed using a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. The dust particles are small enough that non-continuum effects must be accounted for when computing the drag coefficient and heat transfer to the particle surface. Surface damage correlations for impact crater diameter and penetration depth are presented for fused-silica, AVCOAT, Shuttle tiles, cork, and Norcoat Lige. The cork and Norcoat Lige correlations are new and were developed in this study. The modeling equations presented in this paper are applied to compute the heatshield erosion due to dust particle impacts on the ExoMars Schiaparelli entry capsule during dust storm conditions.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: AIAA 2020-0254 , ARC-E-DAA-TN75805 , AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum; Jan 06, 2020 - Jan 10, 2020; Orlando, FL; United States
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    Publication Date: 2020-01-17
    Description: The Mars Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) spacecraft, which successfully touched down on the planet surface on November 26, 2018, was proposed as a near build-to-print copy of the Mars Phoenix vehicle to reduce the overall cost and risk of the mission. Since the lander payload and the atmospheric entry trajectory were similar enough to those of the Phoenix mission, it was expected that the Phoenix thermal protection material thickness would be sufficient to withstand the entry heat load. However, allowances were made for increasing the heatshield thickness because the planned spacecraft arrival date coincided with the Mars dust storm season. The aftbody Thermal Protection System (TPS) components were not expected to change. In a first for a US Mars mission, the aerothermal environments for InSight included estimates of radiative heat flux to the aftbody from the wake. The combined convective and radiative heat fluxes were used to determine if the as-flown Phoenix thermal protection system (TPS) design would be sufficient for InSight. Although the radiative heat fluxes on the aftbody were predicted to be comparable to, or even higher than the local convective heat fluxes, all analyses of the aftbody TPS showed that the design would still be adequate. Aerothermal environments were computed for the vehicle from post-flight reconstruction of the atmosphere and trajectory and compared.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN76667 , AIAA SciTech 2020; Jan 06, 2020 - Jan 10, 2020; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: The diagnosis of the conservation state of monumental structures from constraints to the spatial distribution of their physical properties on shallow and inner materials represents one of the key objectives in the application of non-invasive techniques. In situ, CRP and 3D ultrasonic tomography can provide an effective coverage of stone materials in space and time. The intrinsic characteristics of the materials that make up a monumental structure and affect the two properties (i.e., reflectivity, longitudinal velocity) through the above methods substantially differ. Consequently, the content of their information is mainly complementary rather than redundant. In this study we present the integrated application of different non-destructive techniques i.e., Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP), and low frequency (24 KHz) ultrasonic tomography complemented by petrographycal analysis based essentially on Optical Microscopy (OM). This integrated methodology has been applied to a Carrara marble column of the Basilica of San Saturnino, in Byzantine-Proto-Romanesque style, which is part of the Paleo Christian complex of the V-VI century. This complex also includes the adjacent Christian necropolis in the square of San Cosimo in the city of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. The column under study is made of bare material dating back probably to the first century A.D., it was subjected to various traumas due to disassembly and transport to the site, including damage caused by the close blast of a WWII fragmentation bomb. High resolution 3D modelling of the studied artifact was computed starting from the integration of proximal sensing techniques such as CRP based on Structure from Motion (SfM), with which information about the geometrical anomalies and reflectivity of the investigated marble column surface was obtained. On the other hand, the inner parts of the studied body were successfully inspected in a non-invasive way by computing the velocity pattern of the ultrasonic signal through the investigated materials using 3D ultrasonic tomography. This technique gives information on the elastic properties of the material related with mechanical properties and a number of factors, such as presence of fractures, voids, and flaws. Extracting information on such factors from the elastic wave velocity using 3D tomography provides a non-invasive approach to analyse the property changes of the inner material of the ancient column. The integrated application of in situ CRP and ultrasonic techniques provides a full 3D high resolution model of the investigated artifact. This model enhanced by the knowledge of the petrographic characteristics of the materials, improves the diagnostic process and affords reliable information on the state of conservation of the materials used in the construction processes of the studied monumental structure. The integrated use of the non-destructive techniques described above also provides suitable data for a possible restoration and future preservation.
    Description: Copernicus
    Description: Published
    Description: On line
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: Cultural Heritage ; Monumental Structures ; Non-Destructive Testing ; Close Range Photogrammetry ; 3D Ultrasonic Tomography ; High resolution 3D modelling ; Restoration ; Conservation ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Abstract
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    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers | Chennai, India
    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11303 | 25 | 2015-09-24 08:21:14 | 11303 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: South Africa- Shifting livelihoods, Viet Nam-Strengthening livelihoods, Chile - gains and challenges, Uganda- making changes possible, Maritza Mena from Costa Rica, Ground-breaking gender indicators, You tube resources
    Description: ISSN 0973-1156
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Policies ; women ; livelihoods ; MPAs ; theatre ; feminism
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 12
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    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers | Chennai, India
    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11301 | 25 | 2015-05-19 15:10:57 | 11301 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Sticky issues - An update on the recent SSF guidelines, Forced into slavery- New Zealand, Grabbing oceans- MPAs fail to recognize human-rights issues, Getting rights wrong- GPO ignores the voices of SSF people, Smoking kilns- artisan fishers on the map, Depending on mangroves- Vietnam, Statement made at the GDF on work in fishing convention, fishy partnership- proposed GPO, Champion for fishers - Rolf Willmann
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Management ; Policies ; Sociology ; Forced labour ; fishing rights ; GPO ; small-scale fisheries ; MPAs ; mangroves
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 52
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    Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons Island, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12400 | 130 | 2014-02-08 04:00:03 | 12400 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: The crab pot as a fishing gear was introduced in Maryland waters, following some years of greatly expanded use in Virginia, during the 1939 season, and was widely used during 1940. The 1941 session of the Maryland Legislature, however, illegalized the crab pot. Since that time the device has been given up almost entirely by Maryland fishermen, its attempted use in a commercial way having persisted in diminishing numbers in only one region of the state.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Policies
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 20
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    University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12395 | 130 | 2014-02-10 02:30:32 | 12395 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: This workshop was convened to begin building a foundation of understanding for developing and evaluating proposed measures for the rational management of the blue crab fishery in Chesapeake Bay. Our goal was to generate a summary of knowledge of blue crab stock dynamics. Specifically, we intended to address, and hoped to estimate, the basic parameters of an exploited stock - growth, mortality, natality, migration rates, sex ratios and abundance. In one sense these objectives were simply a means for organizing our discussions. A second objective was to compile at the workshop pertinent data held by the major research institutions on Chesapeake Bay so all participants could see the kinds and extent of existing data. As with many stock assessment problems, tailoring an estimating procedure around known existing data can be more productive than deciding on a procedure and then trying to find the required data in someone else's files.Authors of papers contributed to the report: B.S. Hester and P.R. Mundy (p. 50); Qisheng Tang (p. 86); L. Eugene Cronin (p. 111); J.R. McConaugha (p. 128); Cluney Stagg and Phil Jones (p. 153).
    Description: Chesapeake Bay Commission
    Description: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Description: Editorial Series #ES-01-83, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies of the University of Maryland
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management ; Planning ; Policies
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 168
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    Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network | Townsville, Australia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12585 | 9 | 2014-03-25 18:32:11 | 12585 | Central Caribbean Marine Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 73-84
    Format: 152
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    Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef and Rainforest Research Centre | Townsville, Australia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12584 | 9 | 2014-03-25 18:33:50 | 12584 | Central Caribbean Marine Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 239-252
    Format: 296
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    Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons Island, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12760 | 130 | 2014-02-08 01:04:22 | 12760 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The Chesapeake Biological Laboratory is a research and study center founded to accelerate the acquisition of knowledge through the gathering and dissemination of facts to the end that there may be a fuller appreciation of nature.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 21
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    Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons Island, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12761 | 130 | 2014-02-08 03:53:19 | 12761 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Substantial progress was made in 1938 both in respect to additions made in the physical plant and to the problems effectively pursued by an energetic staff.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 19
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    Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons Island, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12824 | 130 | 2014-02-08 04:02:55 | 12824 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Baltimore Harbor is polluted by discharge of sewage and industrial wastes into tributary streams and peripheral waters. The Harbor is used extensively for navigation, industrial water supply, and recreation as well as for waste disposal. The degree of pollution varies from negligible in the principal fairway to severe in the innermost sections. Private industry discharges several hundred tons of acid materials daily and is also the principal source of organic pollution.
    Description: PDF includes 141 pp. (front matter + 132 pp.).
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Environment ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 132
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    Texas Water Quality Board | Austin, TX
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14162 | 9596 | 2020-08-31 20:23:31 | 14162 | Galveston Bay Information Collection
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: The Houston Ship Channel is an area of intense interest with respect to water water quality. Frequent inquiries regarding its condition are received from diverse groups including industries, concerned citizens, environmental groups, school teachers, and students. In order to provide current and accurate information, the Water Quality Board is publishing herein water quality and biological data collected during the period July 1973 through June 1974. This information provides a fairly complete picture of the range of variation that is seen in Channel quality. The locations of all Water Quality Board monitoring stations, and of major industrial and municipal discharges, is given in Table I. Data from five representative sampling stations between Morgan's Point (Mile 0) and the Turning Basin (Mile 25), are sufficient to illustrate general conditions in the Ship Channel. Table II contains field measurements and laboratory results for water samples collected at depth of one foot (surface) and 40 feet. All values are expressed as milligrams/liter, essentially equivalent to parts/million, with the following exceptions: temperature (oF), pH (pH units), turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units), conductivity (micromhs/cm), and coliform bacteria (Number/100 milliliters). The heavy metals results in Table III are based on samples collected by composting water from the surface to the bottom. Plankton samples (Table IV) were collected at or near each of the five stations. Nekton, the animals that are larger and stronger swimmers than plankton, were collected at the intake screens of Diamond Shamrock, Deer Park Plant, and Houston Lighting and Power Company, Deepwater Plant (Table V). It is important to realize that the Houston Ship Channel is a dynamic estuarine system. At no time will precisely the same conditions prevail that were previously found at the same location. The dissolved oxygen concentration may be the same as it was yesterday, for instance, but never will the combination of temperature, conductivity, pH, and all other parameters be the same.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Limnology ; Management ; monitoring program ; water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 36
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    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14948 | 403 | 2014-03-14 23:02:39 | 14948 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary (GRNMS) is exploring the concept of a research area (RA) within its boundaries. The idea of a research area was first suggested in public scoping meetings held prior to the review of the Gray’s Reef Management Plan. An RA is a region specifically designed for conducting controlled scientific studies in the absence of confounding factors. As a result, a multidisciplinary group gathered by GRNMS was convened to consider the issue. This Research Area Working Group (RAWG) requested that a suite of analyses be conducted to evaluate the issue quantitatively. To meet this need, a novel selection procedure and geographic information system (GIS) was created to find the optimal location for an RA while balancing the needs of research and existing users. This report and its associated GIS files describe the results of the requested analyses and enable further quantitative investigation of this topic by the RAWG and GRNMS.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 51
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    Acuario Nacional de Cuba. | La Habana, Cuba
    In:  lucyr@acuarionacional.cu | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14968 | 1545 | 2014-05-09 22:54:31 | 14968 | Acuario Nacional de Cuba
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Abarca los trabajos que se presentan durante los 3 días que dura el evento infantil.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Education ; children ; conservation ; niños ; conservación de la naturaleza ; círculos de interés
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 48
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    NOAA/Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research | Beaufort, NC
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15156 | 403 | 2014-06-13 00:05:25 | 15156 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: In March of 2005, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Special Projects Office released "Population Trends along the Coastal United States: 1980-2008." This report includes population changes and trends between 1980 and 2003 and projected changes in coastal populations by 2008. Given the findings, pressure on coastal resources around the country will continue to rise, particularly in Florida. ... One of our most valuable coastal resources is seagrass, but human desire and need to live on the coast means that our habitat overlaps with suitable seagrass habitat. Seagrasses can be found in coastal areas around the world but are limited to relatively shallow, relatively clear water because of their reliance on light for photosynthesis. Seagrasses provide food for both small and large marine organisms, larval and adult stage. They provide shelter and habitat to a variety of commercially important fish and invertebrates. They baffle the water column and inhibit the resuspension of sediments. They prevent erosion and fix and recycle nutrients. The physical and ecological benefits of seagrasses make them very important to human welfare, but their light-limited coastal distribution makes them highly susceptible to anthropogenic influences.
    Description: Report submitted to Protected Resources Division, National Marine Fisheries Service.
    Keywords: Biology ; Conservation ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 31
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    Acuario Nacional de Cuba | La Habana, Cuba
    In:  elenag@acuarionacional.cu | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15273 | 1545 | 2014-06-30 10:46:33 | 15273 | Acuario Nacional de Cuba
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Versión electrónica para multimedia del libro Corales Pétreos de Cuba publicado en 1980 por Nereida Martínez Estalella y Vasil Zlatarski. La colección de Corales pétreos se formó en el Instituto de Oceanología entre los años 1970 y 1975. En 2005 pasa a ser custodiada por el Acuario Nacional con el resto de las colecciones biológicas.La colección está formada por 4,990 ejemplares, 2 Clases Anthozoa e Hydrozoa , 16 familias, 30 géneros, 45 especies y 23 formas.Multimedia electronic book version of Stony Corals Cuba published in 1980 by Nereida Martínez Estalella and Vasil Zlatarski.The collection of stony corals are formed at the Institute of Oceanology between 1970 and 1975. Renumbered in 2005 by the National Aquarium guarded with other biological collections. The collection consists of 4,990 samples, 2 classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, 16 families, 30 genera, 45 species and 23 forms.
    Keywords: Biology ; Conservation ; Ecology ; Instituto de Oceanología ; corals ; taxonomía ; taxonomy ; videos ; Scleractinea ; Acroporidae ; Agariciidae ; Astrangiidae ; Caryophylliidae ; Columnastraeidae ; Hydrozoa ; Milleporina ; zlatarski
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book , TRUE
    Format: other
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    Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) | Apia, Samoa
    In:  irc@sprep.org | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15369 | 11964 | 2014-09-25 11:47:56 | 15369 | Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: BIORAP
    Description: BEM
    Description: Hard copies are also available from: irc@sprep.org
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Conservation ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology ; Environment ; Oceanography ; rapid biodiversity assessment ; pacific ; terrestrial ; marine ; guidelines ; natural resources conservation area ; oceania ; sprep ; 2014 ; Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) ; Wildlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 54
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    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15596 | 115 | 2014-11-19 08:49:14 | 15596 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Lake Victoria fisheries face severe environmental stresses. Stocks are declining in a context of increasing population and growing demand for the lake’s resources. Rising competition between users is putting conservation goals and rural livelihoods at risk. While Uganda’s co-management policy framework is well-developed, key resources for implementation are lacking, enforcement is poor, and the relations between stakeholders are unequal. Poor rural resource users face significant challenges to effectively participate in fisheries decision-making. This case study demonstrates the progress that can be made using a collaborative approach to catalyze community-led actions linking public health, sanitation and environmental conservation in difficult circumstances, even over a relatively short time period. Multistakeholder dialogue can bring to light the sources of conflict, pinpoint governance challenges, and identify opportunities for institutional collaboration to address community needs. At the same time, the process can help build trust, confidence in collective action and public accountability.
    Description: Collaborating for Resilience
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Accountability ; Aquatic Agricultural Systems ; Aquatic resources ; Capacity development ; Co-management ; Conservation ; Environmental protection ; Equity ; Fisheries management ; Fresh water ; Governance ; Health ; Human rights ; Livelihoods ; Monitoring and evaluation ; Natural resource management ; Participatory action research ; Partnerships ; Policy ; Research ; Resilience ; Vulnerability ; Uganda ; Africa
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 28
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16156 | 12051 | 2015-02-08 09:39:40 | 16156 | Society of Fisheries Technologists, India
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Studies conducted in the laboratory and field have shown that iced fish can be preserved for longer periods in fresh and edible condition in conventional bamboo baskets by providing additional insulated linings of double layer of gunny and polythene or bitumen coated kraft paper. The quality of fish is adjudged by chemical and organoleptic evaluations.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; fish storage ; packing fishery products ; storage conditions ; icing ; organoleptic properties
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 68-75
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    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers | Chennai, India
    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11228 | 25 | 2013-07-05 06:44:37 | 11228 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This research focuses on the social dimensions of marine conservation, and makes an assessment of the experiences of coastal and fi shing communities with regard to the governance of MPAs in Central America, based on case studies from Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. It examines the national contexts of the above countries in relation to the governance of MPAs. Furthermore, it analyzes the social impacts of MPAs on coastal communities by gathering the experiences and the voices of the communities and institutions involved, and reflects on how to build bridges in the search for forms and models of conservation that respect human rights and which are able to successfully integrate into local development efforts without affecting cultural and/or social patterns. To this end, this monograph looks at nine case studies across the region: in Honduras, the Islas de la Bahia-Guanaja Marine National Park, the Cayos Cochinos Marine Archipelago Natural Monument, and the Cuero and Salado Wildlife Refuge; in Nicaragua, the Chacocente Wildlife Refuge; in Costa Rica, the Guanacaste Conservation Area, the Ballena Marine National Park and the Golfo Dulce Responsible Fishing Area; and, in Panama, the Nargana Protected Area, in the Comarca de la Biosfera Guna-Yala, the Bastimentos Island Marine National Park, and Bocas del Toro.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers | Chennai, India
    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11229 | 25 | 2013-09-01 09:08:46 | 11229 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This brochure summarizes a series of case studies done in nine countries—Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Senegal, South Africa, Spain,Tanzania and Thailand—on the role of communities in the planning and implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs).The studies demonstrate that communities can be powerful allies in efforts for conservation and management of coastal and marine resources. They also underline the need for systematic attention, capacity building, funding and other resources for effective implementation of Programme Element 2 on governance, participation, equity, and benefit sharing of the Programme of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Sociology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers | Chennai, India
    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11231 | 25 | 2013-06-20 10:42:00 | 11231 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: The lacunae in fishing-community engagement in the management and governance of marine and coastal protected areas (MCPAs) were discussed in the 2009 Chennai Workshop organized by the International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF). To continue the discussion, a second, two-day workshop to review existing legal and institutional mechanisms for implemention and monitoring of MCPAs, titled ‘Fishery-dependent Livelihoods, Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity: The Case of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas in India’, was held in New Delhi during 1-2 March 2012.The objective was to understand the impact of MCPAs on fishing communities, from an environmental-justice and human-rights perspective, and make specific proposals for better conservation while securing the livelihoods of small-scale fishers. The workshop also served to underscore these issues in light of the upcoming Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to be held at Hyderabad in October 2012.This publication contains the prospectus of the workshop and a report of the proceedings. It will be useful for fishworkers, non-governmental organizations, policymakers, trade unions, researchers and others interested in natural resource management and coastal and fishing communities.
    Description: ISBN 978-93-80802-08-04
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Sociology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-66
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    United States Environmental Protection Agency | Washington, DC
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14127 | 9596 | 2020-08-31 17:59:09 | 14127 | Galveston Bay Information Collection
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: For the EPA, taking on the role of community helper and partner has been a challenge. As with any change of this magnitude, there has been a lot of trial and error, and important lessons have been learned by us, and our many partners, that are worth sharing. Oftentimes, these lessons have been shared informally through networking at conferences, by phone, or over the internet. This series of Watershed Lessons Learned is an attempt to identify the top lessons and present them in one place. We believe this document meets two real needs. First, it will help readers learn what works and what does not based on past experience. Second, it will assist people in reaching important resources and contacts that exist across the nation that can help them. In terms of using this piece, eash lesson is stand-alone and contains a short description of the lesson, a few examples to illustrate it (with a contact where more information can be obtained) and a list of key contacts and resources associated with the lesson. In addition, we have included in the appendix indices to help guide you - the reader - through the information. This includes answers to commonly asked questions - the ones that we heard over and over again as we developed this piece. In addition, this document is up on our fully searchable website at http://www.epa.gov/owow/lessons if you prefer to see and explore information that way.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Information Management ; watershed management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Division of Planning Coordination, Office of the Governor | Austin, TX
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14129 | 9596 | 2020-08-31 18:00:16 | 14129 | Galveston Bay Information Collection
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: Many policy decisions which will affect Coastal Zone activities must be made within the near future with inadequate quantitative economic, social, and environmental criteria. It is feasible to have an interim state policy allowing continued economic growth in the Coastal Zone but constraining such activities to coastal environmental units that would receive minimum detrimental environmental impact, thereby retaining as many options as possible for the State in the future. Each coastal environmental unit was evaluated in terms of its natural capability to sustain human use that affects its physical, hydrological, geological, chemical, and biological properties, and is grouped in an appropriate resource capability class. Each coastal environmental unit has at least one human activity which if uncontrolled would exceed the natural capacity of the unit. The problem of pollution of the groundwater aquifers and the lack of controls on groundwater use are emphasized. Other coastal environmental units such as the freshwater input, the coastal barriers, the wetlands and the grassflats, and the oyster reefs are termed threatened because they are in a delicate natural balance, are particularly susceptible to certain uses, and are important in the protection of life, property, or the natural coastal ecosystem. Although the major emphasis in this report is on those activities of man that may detrimentally affect coastal environmental units and resources, compatible uses also are outlined. Hypothetical examples are given to indicate the economic and social consequences arising from the implementation of management tools to lessen detrimental environmental impact. The conclusions outlined present positive steps needed to develop an effective Texas coastal management program.
    Description: Coastal Resources Management Program
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment ; Management ; Policies ; coastal zone management ; seashore ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 140
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    Surveillance Section, Field Operations Division, Texas Water Quality Board | Austin, TX
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14158 | 9596 | 2020-08-31 20:22:35 | 14158 | Galveston Bay Information Collection
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: The water quality segment report is designed to describe prevailing water quality in a segment and to provide a basis for decision making in the continuing effort to maintain and improve the quality of Texas' surface waters. Periodic updating of the report offers a basis for evaluation the success of past and present programs concerning the segment. In summary, Segment No. 2484 is the entire length of Corpus Christi Inner Harbor, which is a dredged blind canal opening on its eastern end to Corpus Christi Bay. The Inner Harbor is operated and maintained by Nueces County Navigation District No. 1, primarily to provide access for industries to ship traffic in the Gulf of Mexico and Intracoastal Canal. Hydrology is probably most influenced by wind-generated circulation in winter and spring, whereas tidal changes and industrial withdrawals become more important when wind activity is reduced. Storm runoff is potentially an important hydrological factor. The meeting of fresh and salt water, and surface warming, result in the formation of relatively stable layers of water during periods of low wind activity; this stratification enhances the differences in water quality between the surface and the bottom.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Management ; water quality
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    Type: book_section
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14179 | 9596 | 2020-08-31 20:27:25 | 14179 | Galveston Bay Information Collection
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; ecology ; conservation ; man-induced effects ; environmental impact
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
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    NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14565 | 403 | 2014-02-19 22:33:38 | 14565 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The Ecological Society of America and NOAA's Offices of Habitat Conservation and Protected Resources sponsored a workshop to develop a national marine and estuarine ecosystem classification system. Among the 22 people involved were scientists who had developed various regional classification systems and managers from NOAA and other federal agencies who might ultimately use this system for conservation and management. The objectives were to: (1) review existing global and regional classification systems; (2) develop the framework of a national classification system; and (3) propose a plan to expand the framework into a comprehensive classification system. Although there has been progress in the development of marine classifications in recent years, these have been either regionally focused (e.g., Pacific islands) or restricted to specific habitats (e.g., wetlands; deep seafloor). Participants in the workshop looked for commonalties across existing classification systems and tried to link these using broad scale factors important to ecosystem structure and function.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Policies
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Comité Oceanográfico Nacional | La Habana, Cuba
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14976 | 1545 | 2014-05-09 22:58:38 | 14976 | Acuario Nacional de Cuba
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Contiene los trabajos presentados, el programa científico y el perfil de instituciones marinas cubanas. Contains abstracts of the papers presented, the scientific program and the profile of Cuban marine institutions.
    Description: IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Oceanography ; coastal zone ; marine resources ; aquaculture ; aquariology education ; genetics ; marine pollution ; microbiology ; zona costera ; recursos marinos ; acuacultura ; acuariología ; educación ; genética ; contaminación marina ; microbiología ; marine biodiversity ; biodiversidad marina ; congresos ; congress ; manejo integrado de la zona costera ; integrated management of the coastal zone ; simposio ; symposium ; cambio climático ; climate change ; Centro de Ingeniería y Manejo Ambiental de Bahías y Costas- CIMAB ; Instituto de Oceanología ; Instituto de Geología y Paleontología ; Acuario Nacional de Cuba ; taller ; workshop ; pesca ; fishery ; Cuba ; Congreso Latinoamericano ; ColacMarCuba ; Latin American Congress ; University for all ; Universidad para todos ; tabloides ; Conozcamos el Mar ; El Mundo subterráneao ; El Mar y sus recursos ; mamíferos marinos ; marine mammals ; biotechnology ; biotecnología ; marine ecosystem ; ecosistemas marinos ; marine sciences ; ciencias marinas ; CIM ; CIP ; conferencias ; conferences ; mesas redondas ; courses ; cursos.
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book , TRUE
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Los peces constituyen uno de los atractivos principales en los arrecifes coralinos para el buceoturístico, por lo cual resulta necesario monitorear su abundancia y valores estéticos. El objetivo de estainvestigación fue evaluar el estado de conservación de las asociaciones de peces arrecifales en cuatro delos principales polos turísticos del Archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey, Cuba en el año 2010. Semuestrearon 23 sitios de buceo turísticos en áreas adyacentes a las regiones de Varadero (5 sitios),cayos de Villa Clara (6 sitios), Cayo Coco (6 sitios) y Santa Lucia (6 sitios). En cada uno de ellos serealizaron seis réplicas de censos visuales de todas las especies de peces en recorridos lineales de 50 mde largo por 2 m de ancho, ocupando un área total de 600 m2. El puntaje más alto de conservación lopresentó los cayos de Villa Clara (37), siguiéndole en orden decreciente Cayo Coco (35), y con valoresmás bajos Varadero (24) y Santa Lucia (22). Los puntajes de las cuatro regiones fueron inferiores a losencontrados en otros arrecifes de Cuba y el Caribe. Los valores de Varadero y Santa Lucia secorrespondieron con los de arrecifes de hábitats degradados y sometidos a explotación pesquera. Engeneral, en la mayoría de las regiones predominaron peces de talla pequeña (〈20 cm) pertenecientes alas familias Pomacentridae y Labridae y hubo poca abundancia de peces carnívoros y herbívoros demediana (20-40 cm) y gran talla (〉40 cm).ABSTRACTFish are one of the main attractions on coral reefs for diving tourism; therefore, it is necessary tomonitor their condition and aesthetic values. The objective of this research was to evaluate the status ofreef fish assemblages in four tourist areas of Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba in 2010. Twentythreetourist diving sites were sampled in adjacent areas to regions of Varadero (five sites), Villa Clarakeys (6 sites), Coco key (6 sites) and Santa Lucia (6 sites). In each region, six replicated visual census ofall fish species were conducted along belt transects of 50 m length and 2 m width, occupying a total areaof 600 m2. The highest conservation score was obtained by Villa Clara keys (37), followed in decreasingorder by Coco key (35), and with lower values Varadero (24) and St. Lucia (22). The scores of the fourregions were lower than the values of other Cuban and Caribbean reefs. The values of Varadero andSanta Lucia corresponded to reefs with degraded habitats and subject to overfishing. In general, small fish(〈 20 cm) from families Pomacentridae and Labridae, and low abundance of carnivore and herbivore fishof middle (20-40 cm) and large size (〉 40 cm) predominated in most regions.
    Description: GEF-PNUD
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Cayo Coco ; Santa Lucia ; GEF-PNUD ; Varadero
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Translated by S. Pearson and F.H. Fay
    Keywords: Biology ; Conservation
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    Type: monograph
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: RESUMENSe comparó el grado de resiliencia de seis crestas arrecifales del este del golfo de Batabanó, Cuba. Tres fueron del norte del golfo de Cazones (Tramo Norte) y las restantes, del oeste de Cayo Largo (Tramo Sur). Las del primer tramo fueron las de faro Cazones, Norte de la cresta de cayo Diego Pérez y de faro Diego Pérez. Las otras tres fueron las de cayo Rico, arrecifes Los Ballenatos y arrecifes Hijos de Los Ballenatos. Se emplearon los indicadores biológicos del Protocolo AGRRA. El Tramo Norte presentó las crestas más resilientes, sobre todo la de faro Cazones. Las del Tramo Sur no exhibieron resiliencia. Fueron varios e interrelacionados, los factores aparentemente más determinantes en la resiliencia. Entre estos, cuatro se consideraron como fuerzas motrices: resguardo contra el oleaje, circulación habitual giratoria ciclónica en la ensenada de Cazones, entrada de nutrientes provenientes tanto de la ciénaga de Zapata como de aguas profundas, y abundancia del erizo herbívoro Diadema antillarum. Los demás factores, desencadenados por los anteriores y también interrelacionados, fueron, al parecer la menor afectación por oleaje y sedimentos, estabilización de fragmentos vivos de coral, índices favorables de macroalgas bentónicas, cierta retención de nutrientes y plancton, más alimentación heterotrófica de los corales, mayor auto reclutamiento de corales y del erizo Diadema; mejores condiciones para el asentamiento y viabilidad de los reclutas, y para el recapamiento de corales; mayor crecimiento y recuperación de los corales y mejores condiciones térmicas contra el blanqueamiento de coralesABSTRACTThe degree of resilience of six reef crest sites was compared at the east of the Gulf of Batabano, Cuba. Three of them were located north of the Gulf of Cazones (Northern Stretch), while the remaining ones were west of Cayo Largo (Southern Stretch). Those of the Northern Stretch were “Faro Cazones”, north of the crest of cayo Diego Pérez and “Faro Diego Pérez”. The remaining sites were those of the cayo Rico, Los Ballenatos reefs, and Hijos de Los Ballenatos reefs. The AGRRA biological indicators were applied. The Northern Stretch presented the most resilient crests, mainly that of “Faro Cazones”. Those of the Southern Stretch did not reveal signs of resilience. Several interrelated factors were apparently more linked to resilience. Four of them were considered as driving forces: shelter from waves, usual cyclonic revolving water circulation in the Ensenada de Cazones, nutrient input from the Zapata swamp and deep water, and the abundance of the herbivore sea urchin Diadema antillarum. Triggered by these driving forces, the remaining factors apparently were less effect of waves and sediments, stabilization of live coral fragments, favorable benthic macro-algae indices, some retention of nutrient and plankton, increased coral heterotrophic feeding; better conditions for recruit settlement and viability, and for coral re-sheeting; faster coral growth and recuperation and better thermal conditions against coral bleaching.
    Description: GEF-PNUD
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Iniciativa Trinacional Cuba-México-EE.UU. ; cambio climático ; Conservación del Golfo de México ; Caribe Occidental
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    Type: article , TRUE
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    In:  tom.matthews@myfwc.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15025 | 403 | 2014-06-02 18:21:53 | 15025 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The fishery for spiny lobster Panulirus argus in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is well chronicled, but little information is available on the prevalence of lost or abandoned lobster traps. In 2007, towed-diver surveys were used to identify and count pieces of trap debris and any other marine debris encountered. Trap debris density (debris incidences/ha) in historic trap-use zones and in representative benthic habitats was estimated. Trap debris was not proportionally distributed with fishing effort. Coral habitats had the greatest density of trap debris despite trap fishers’ reported avoidance of coral reefs while fishing. The accumulation of trap debris on coral emphasizes the role of wind in redistributing traps and trap debris in the sanctuary. We estimated that 85,548 ± 23,387 (mean ± SD) ghost traps and 1,056,127 ± 124,919 nonfishing traps or remnants of traps were present in the study area. Given the large numbers of traps in the fishery and the lack of effective measures for managing and controlling the loss of gear, the generation of trap debris will likely continue in proportion to the number of traps deployed in the fishery. Focused removal of submerged trap debris from especially vulnerable habitats such as reefs and hardbottom, where trap debris density is high, would mitigate key habitat issues but would not address ghost fishing or the cost of lost gear.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14661 | 403 | 2014-02-26 20:16:54 | 14661 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Reef fish distributions are patchy in time and space with some coral reef habitats supporting higher densities (i.e., aggregations) of fish than others. Identifying and quantifying fish aggregations (particularly during spawning events) are often top priorities for coastal managers. However, the rapid mapping of these aggregations using conventional survey methods (e.g., non-technical SCUBA diving and remotely operated cameras) are limited by depth, visibility and time. Acoustic sensors (i.e., splitbeam and multibeam echosounders) are not constrained by these same limitations, and were used to concurrently map and quantify the location, density and size of reef fish along with seafloor structure in two, separate locations in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Reef fish aggregations were documented along the shelf edge, an ecologically important ecotone in the region. Fish were grouped into three classes according to body size, and relationships with the benthic seascape were modeled in one area using Boosted Regression Trees. These models were validated in a second area to test their predictive performance in locations where fish have not been mapped. Models predicting the density of large fish (≥29 cm) performed well (i.e., AUC = 0.77). Water depth and standard deviation of depth were the most influential predictors at two spatial scales (100 and 300 m). Models of small (≤11 cm) and medium (12–28 cm) fish performed poorly (i.e., AUC = 0.49 to 0.68) due to the high prevalence (45–79%) of smaller fish in both locations, and the unequal prevalence of smaller fish in the training and validation areas. Integrating acoustic sensors with spatial modeling offers a new and reliable approach to rapidly identify fish aggregations and to predict the density large fish in un-surveyed locations. This integrative approach will help coastal managers to prioritize sites, and focus their limited resources on areas that may be of higher conservation value.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14700 | 403 | 2014-02-26 21:20:56 | 14700 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: The Tortugas Integrated Biogeographic Assessment presents a unique analysis of demographic changes in living resource populations, as well as societal and socioeconomic benefits that resulted from the Tortugas Ecological Reserves during the first five years after their implementation. In 2001, state and federal agencies established two no-take reserves within the region as part of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The northern reserve (Tortugas Ecological Reserve North) was established adjacent to the DryTortugas National Park, which was first declared a national monument in 1935. The reserves were designed to protect a healthy coral reef ecosystem that supports diverse faunal assemblages and fisheries, serves as important spawning grounds for groupers and snappers, and includes essential feeding and breeding habitats for seabirds. The unique ecological qualities of the Tortugas region were recognized as far back as 1850, and it remains an important ecosystem and research area today.The two main goals of the Tortugas Ecological Reserve Integrated Ecological Assessment were: 1) to determineif demographic changes such as increases in abundance, average size and spawning potential of exploited populations occurred in the Tortugas region after reserve implementation; and 2) whether short-term economic losses occurred to fishers displaced by the reserve. This project utilized a biogeographic approach in which information on the physical features (i.e., habitat) and oceanographic patterns were first used to determine the spatial distribution of selected fish populations within and outside the Tortugas Ecological Reserve. Before-and-after reserve implementation comparisons of selected fish populations were then conducted to determine if demographic changes occurred in reef fish assemblages. These comparisonswere done for the Tortugas region and also for a subset of available habitats within the Tortugas Ecological Reserve Study Area. Social and economic impacts of the reserves were determined through: 1) analyses of commercial landings and revenues from fishers, operating in the Tortugas region before and after reserve implementation and 2) surveys of recreational tour guides. Analyses of the commercial landings and revenues excluded areas inside Dry Tortugas National Park because commercial fishing has been prohibitedwithin park boundaries since 1992. Key findings and outcomes of this integrated ecological assessment areorganized by chapter and listed below.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This project characterized and assessed the condition of coastal water resources in the Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO) located in the Florida Keys. The goal of the assessment was to: (1) identify the state of knowledge of natural resources that exist within the DRTO, (2) summarize the state of knowledge about natural and anthropogenic stressors and threats that affected these resources, and (3) describe strategies being implemented by DRTO managers to meet their resource management goals.The park, located in the Straits of Florida 113 km (70 miles) west of Key West, is relatively small (269 square kilometers) with seven small islands and extensive shallow water coral reefs. Significant natural resources within DRTO include coastal and oceanic waters, coral reefs, reef fisheries, seagrass beds, and sea turtle and bird nesting habitats. This report focuses on marine natural resources identified by DRTO resource managers and researchers as being vitally important to the Tortugas region and the wider South Florida ecosystem. Selected marine resources included physical resources (geology, oceanography, and water quality) and biological resources (coral reef and hardbottom benthic assemblages, seagrass and algal communities, reef fishes and macro invertebrates, and wildlife [sea turtles and sea-birds]). In the past few decades, some of these resources have deteriorated because of natural and anthropogenic factors that are local and global in scale. To meet mandated goals (Chapter 1), resource managers need information on: (1) the types and condition of natural and cultural resources that occur within the park and (2) the stressors and threats that can affect those resources. This report synthesizes and summarizes information on: (1) the status of marine natural resources occurring at DRTO; and (2) types of stressors and threats currently affecting those resources at the DRTO.Based on published information, the assessment suggests that marine resources at DRTO and its surrounding region are affected by several stressors, many of which act synergistically. Of the nine resource components assessed, one resource category – water quality – received an ecological condition ranking of "Good"; two components – the nonliving portion of coral reef and hardbottom and reef fishes – received a rating of "Caution"; and two components – the biotic components of coral reef and hardbottom substrates and sea turtles – received a rating of "Significant concern" (Table E-1). Seagrass and algal communities and seabirds were unrated for ecological condition because the available information was inadequate. The stressor category of tropical storms was the dominant and most prevalent stressor in the Tortugas region; it affected all of the resource components assessed in this report. Commercial and recreational fishing were also dominant stressors and affected 78% of the resource components assessed. The most stressed resource was the biotic component of coral reef and hardbottom resources, which was affected by 76% of the stressors. Water quality was the least affected; it was negatively affected by 12% of stressors. The systematic assessment of marine natural resources and stressors in the Tortugas region pointed to several gaps in the information. For example, of the nine marine resource components reviewed in this report, the living component of coral reefs and hardbottom resources had the best rated information with 25% of stressor categories rated "Good" for information richness. In contrast, the there was a paucity of information for seagrass and algal communities and sea birds resource components.
    Keywords: Biology ; Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14712 | 403 | 2020-10-11 21:39:04 | 14712 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: The purpose of this project is to model seabird flock size data to provide recommendations to the Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management for offshore wind turbine placement. Our hypothesis is that ecological characteristics influence which statistical distribution will provide the best fit toseabird flock size data. To test this, seabird species can be grouped based on shared ecological traits, such as foraging mechanism or diet.
    Description: 33 page file also contains the Programme for the meeting.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
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    NOAA/NOC NCCOS | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14713 | 403 | 2014-02-21 21:43:07 | 14713 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: BOEM
    Description: USGS
    Description: Powerpoint presentation - 23 slides
    Keywords: Conservation ; Management
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14714 | 403 | 2014-02-21 21:42:29 | 14714 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Powerpoint presentation
    Keywords: Conservation ; Management
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    NOAA/Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14760 | 403 | 2014-02-26 21:17:06 | 14760 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in theUnited States. It is a unique and valuable national treasurebecause of its ecological, recreational, economicand cultural benefits. The problems facing the Bay arewell known and extensively documented, and are largelyrelated to human uses of the watershed and resourceswithin the Bay. Over the past several decades as theorigins of the Chesapeake’s problems became clear, citizensgroups and Federal, State, and local governmentshave entered into agreements and worked together torestore the Bay’s productivity and ecological health.In May 2010, President Barack Obama signed ExecutiveOrder number 13508 that tasked a team of Federalagencies to develop a way forward in the protectionand restoration of the Chesapeake watershed. Successof both State and Federal efforts will depend on havingrelevant, sound information regarding the ecology andfunction of the system as the basis of management anddecision making. In response to the executive order, theNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’sNational Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)has compiled an overview of its research in ChesapeakeBay watershed.NCCOS has a long history of Chesapeake Bay research,investigating the causes and consequences of changesthroughout the watershed’s ecosystems. This documentpresents a cross section of research results that have advanced the understanding of the structure and functionof the Chesapeake and enabled the accurate and timelyprediction of events with the potential to impact bothhuman communities and ecosystems. There are three main focus areas: changes in land use patterns in the watershed and the related impacts on contaminant and pathogen distribution and concentrations; nutrient inputs and algal bloom events; and habitat use and life history patterns of species in the watershed.Land use changes in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have dramatically changed how the system functions. Acomparison of several subsystems within the Bay drainageshas shown that water quality is directly related to land use and how the land use affects ecosystem health of the rivers and streams that enter the Chesapeake Bay. Across the Chesapeake as a whole, the rivers that drain developed areas, such as the Potomac and James rivers, tend to have much more highly contaminated sediments than does the mainstem of the Bay itself. In addition to what might be considered traditional contaminants, such as hydrocarbons, new contaminants are appearing in measurable amounts. At fourteen sites studied in the Bay, thirteen different pharmaceuticals were detected. The impact of pharmaceuticals on organisms and the people who eat them is still unknown. The effects of water borne infections on people and marine life are known, however, and the exposure to certain bacteria is a significant health risk. A model is now available that predicts the likelihood of occurrence of a strain of bacteria known as Vibrio vulnificus throughout Bay waters.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
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    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Charleston, SC
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14762 | 403 | 2014-02-26 21:14:38 | 14762 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: In June 2008, the NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS), in conjunction with the EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory (NHEERL), conducted an assessment of the status of ecological condition of soft-bottom habitat and overlying waters within the boundaries of Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS). The sanctuary lies approximately 20 nautical miles east of Boston, MA in the southwest Gulf of Maine between Cape Ann and Cape Cod and encompassing 638 square nautical miles (2,181 km2). A total of 30 stations were targeted for sampling using standard methods and indicators applied in prior NOAA coastalstudies and EPA’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) and National Coastal Assessment (NCA). A key feature adopted from these studies was the incorporation of a random probabilistic sampling design. Such a design provides a basis for making unbiased statistical estimates of the spatial extent of ecological condition relative to various measured indicators and corresponding thresholds of concern. Indicators included multiple measures of water quality, sediment quality, and biological condition (benthic fauna, fish tissue contaminant levels).Depths ranged from 31 – 137 m throughout the study area. About 76 % of the area had sediments composed of sands (〈 20 % silt-clay), 17 % of the area was composed of intermediate muddy sands (20 – 80 % silt-clay), and 7 % of the sampled area consisted of mud (〉 80 % siltclay). About 70 % of the area (represented by 21 sites) had sediment total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations 〈 5 mg/g and all but one site (located in Stellwagen Basin) had levels of TOC 〈 20 mg/g, which is well below the range potentially harmful to benthic fauna (〉 50 mg/g).Surface salinities ranged from 30.6 – 31.5 psu, with the majority of the study region (approximately 80 % of the area) having surface salinities between 30.8 and 31.4 psu. Bottom salinities varied between 32.1 and 32.5 psu, with bottom salinities at all sites having values above the range of surface salinities. Surface-water temperatures varied between 12.1 and 16.8 ºC, while near-bottom waters ranged in temperature from 4.4 – 6.2 ºC. An index of densitystratification (Δσt) indicated that the waters of SBNMS were stratified at the time of sampling. Values of Δσt at 29 of the 30 sites sampled in this study (96.7 % of the study area) varied from 2.1 – 3.2, which is within the range considered to be indicative of strong vertical stratification (Δσt 〉 2) and typical of the western Gulf of Maine in summer.Levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) were confined to a fairly narrow range in surface (8.8 – 10.4 mg/L) and bottom (8.5 – 9.6 mg/L) waters throughout the survey area. These levels are within the range considered indicative of good water quality (〉 5 mg/L) with respect to DO. None of these waters had DO at low levels (〈 2 mg/L) potentially harmful to benthic fauna and fish.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14787 | 403 | 2014-02-27 22:40:29 | 14787 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Marine protected areas (MPAs) represent a form of spatial management, and geospatial information on living marine resources and associated habitat is extremely important to support best management practices in a spatially discrete MPA. Benthic habitat maps provide georeferenced information on the geomorphic structure and biological cover types in the marine environment. This information supports an enhanced understanding of ecosystem function and species habitat utilization patterns. Benthic habitat maps are most useful for marine management and spatial planning purposes when they are created at a scale that is relevant to management actions. We sought to improve the resolution of existing benthic habitat maps created during a regional mapping effort in Hawai`i. Our results complemented these existing regional maps and provided more detailed, finer-scale habitat maps for a network of MPAs in West Hawai`i. The map products created during this study allow local planners and managers to extract information at a spatial scale relevant to the discrete management units, and appropriate for local marine management efforts on the Kona Coast. The resultant benthic habitat maps were integrated in a geographic information system (GIS) that also included aerial imagery, underwater video, MPA regulations, summarized ecological data and other relevant and spatially explicit information. The integration of the benthic habitat maps with additional “value added” geospatial information into a dynamic GIS provide a decision support tool with pertinent marine resource information available in one central location and support the application of a spatial approach to the management of marine resources. Further, this work can serve as a case study to demonstrate the integration of remote sensing products and GIS tools at a fine spatial scale relevant to local-level marine spatial planning and management efforts.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Management ; Planning
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    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14843 | 403 | 2014-03-04 22:11:11 | 14843 | United States National Ocean Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The United States Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF) was established in 1998 by Presidential Executive Order 13089 to lead U.S. efforts to preserve and protect coral reef ecosystems. Current, accurate, and consistent maps greatly enhance efforts to preserve and manage coral reef ecosystems. With comprehensive maps and habitat assessments, coral reef managers can be more effective in designing and implementing a variety of conservation measures, including:• Long-term monitoring programs with accurate baselines from which to track changes;• Place-based conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPAs); and• Targeted research to better understand the oceanographic and ecological processes affecting coral reef ecosystem health.The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) is tasked with leading the coral ecosystem mapping element of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) under the authority of the Presidential Executive Order 13089 to map and manage the coral reefs of the United States.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Management
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15051 | 403 | 2014-05-27 14:23:42 | 15051 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: A major cause of the steep declines of American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fisheries is the loss of oyster habitat through the use of dredges that have mined the reef substrata during a century of intense harvest. Experiments comparing the efficiency and habitat impacts of three alternative gears for harvesting oysters revealed differences among gear types that might be used to help improve the sustainability of commercial oyster fisheries. Hand harvesting by divers produced 25−32% more oysters per unit of time of fishing than traditional dredging and tonging, although the dive operation required two fishermen, rather than one. Per capita returns for dive operations may nonetheless be competitive with returns for other gears even in the short term if one person culling on deck can serve two or three divers. Dredging reduced the height of reef habitat by 34%, significantly more than the 23% reduction caused by tonging, both of which were greater than the 6% reduction induced by diver hand-harvesting. Thus, conservation of the essential habitat and sustainability of the subtidal oyster fishery can be enhanced by switching to diver hand-harvesting. Management schemes must intervene to drive the change in harvest methods because fishermen will face relatively high costs in making the switch and will not necessarily realize the long-term ecological benefits.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Management
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    In:  osf@vti.bund.de | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4312 | 1240 | 2012-11-10 22:48:22 | 4312 | Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; EU regulations ; conservation ; fish stocks
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    In:  sf@vti.bund.de | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4498 | 1240 | 2012-11-11 17:53:27 | 4498 | Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: Der vereinzelte Fang markierter Störe (Acipenser sturio L.) im Bereich der Deutschen Bucht - die bisher letzte Meldung stammt aus dem Juni 1989 - gibt Anla0, auf französische Bemühungen zur Erhaltung dieses stark vom Aussterben bedrohten "Naturdenkmals" hinzuweisen und die deutsche Fischerei, insbesondere die kleine Hochsee- und Küstenfischerei um Unterstützung der Erhaltungsmaßnahmen zu bitten.
    Description: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; conservation measures ; Acipenser sturio ; french efforts
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    American Cetacean Society. Monterey Bay Chapter | Pacific Grove, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4511 | 29 | 2013-02-26 23:23:51 | 4511 | American Cetacean Society. Monterey Bay Chapter.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: (PDF contains 88 pages.)
    Keywords: Conservation ; Management ; Fisheries ; Biology ; marine mammals ; sea otters ; whales ; dolphins ; porpoises
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    In:  library@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4522 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:16:12 | 4522 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: This paper discusses the particular contribution of the SSSI (Sites of Special Scientific Interest) as a way of nature conservation for rivers. In 1989, the Nature Conservancy Council proposed a dual selection system for selection of rivers; either (1) "Whole river" SSSIs representing the main types of river, or rivers which show classic and representative transitions down their lengths, or (2) "Sectional" SSSIs which are shorter stretches of river with high nature conservation interest. The NCC has recently classified all SSSIs with a river interest into 4 categories: - river SSSIs, river valley SSSIs, river adds interest - where the river clearly adds biological interest to the site, and rivers of incidental interest. The overall length of river SSSIs amounts to almost 1000 km.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Law ; environmental legislation ; nature conservation ; rivers ; Great Britain
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4524 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:16:34 | 4524 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Pond Action is an independent freshwater conservation project which was started in 1987. It is based in the School of Biological and Molecular Sciences in Oxford Polytechnic and has five full-time staff with two senior advisors. The main aim of Pond Action's work has been to promote the conservation of ponds by creating a sound, scientific basis for pond conservation. An essential aspect of this work is the need to make the results of scientific work available and understandable to everybody concerned with pond conservation.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; conservation ; ponds ; great britain
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    In:  library@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4532 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:17:11 | 4532 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: The aim of this paper is to summarize the present legislation aimed at protecting freshwater species in Britain, and briefly to review its effectiveness. Some areas have been deliberately omitted, such as fisheries legislation designed to conserve stocks, and the statutory protection of birds associated with fresh waters which forms a large subject area in its own right.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Law ; Pollution ; Conservation ; Freshwater organisms ; Inland water environment ; Legislation ; Protected resources ; Rare species ; Vernacular names ; British isles
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    In:  library@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4555 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:15:26 | 4555 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Loch Fleet is a small upland lake in the hills of Galloway in southwest Scotland. In the 1970s the waters of the loch became more acidic and a brown trout fishery failed. This account summarises an experimental project, the "Loch Fleet Project" initiated in 1984, designed to reverse acidification of the loch by liming parts of the catchment. Liming about 40% of the catchment in 1986 and 1987 raised the pH and calcium levels, and reduced toxic aluminium concentrations. The improved conditions had been maintained up to 1994, but water in the loch, and its principal inflow stream, is now falling close to the desired threshold of quality. After liming, restocking with local strains of trout in 1987 was successful, and a self-recruiting population became established within 2 years. Recruitment is highly variable, however, and was attributed to severe spring conditions and the limited spawning capacity of the nursery stream, rather than to water quality.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Acidification ; Habitat improvement (chemical) ; Scotland ; Loch Fleet
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4571 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:13:37 | 4571 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Smelt populations have been recorded since the 18th Century from at least 15 rivers in Scotland, but over the last Century the species has suffered a severe decline and has disappeared from all its former sites except the rivers Cree, Forth and Tay. These populations must now be regarded as having high conservation importance. There are probably several different reasons for this decline. In some rivers, such as the Clyde and the Stinchar, pollution in the lower reaches has prevented successful migration and reproduction. In other rivers, high weirs and barriers have completely cut off access to spawning grounds. In some estuaries and rivers, such as the Solway Firth, overfishing is believed to have been responsible for eliminating local stocks. A Species Action Plan for the smelt has been prepared and it is hoped that this will be the basis of a future conservation strategy for this species in Scotland.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Conservation ; Limnology ; life history ; lotic environment ; rare species ; spawning populations ; Scotland
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4622 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:10:11 | 4622 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: This paper summarises a meeting which discussed the ecology and conservation of Llangorse Lake in South Wales. The meeting was organised by the British Ecological Society (Aquatic Ecology Group), in association with the Countryside Council for Wales (CCW), Brecon Beacon National Park Authority (BBNPA) and Environment Agency Wales. It took place on 22 October 1998.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Quaternary ; Palaeolimnology ; Archaeology ; Conservation ; Sedimentation ; Macrophytes ; Wales ; Llangrose Lake
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4624 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:10:25 | 4624 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The authors present the findings of a restoration project in Loch Enoch in Scotland. There are historical references that brown trout was present in Loch Enoch up to the 1920s but it is believed the acidity of loch triggered the disappearance of Salmo trutta. The recent observed reduction in the acidity of L. Enoch to a level close to that found in nearby lochs with trout populations, suggested that trout might now survive in L. Enoch. For a population to survive, all stages in the life-cycle of a species must be able to develop. Accordingly, tests were undertaken, first with eggs and fry. The availability of food was also studied. In October 1994, 3,000 yearling trout of L. Grannoch origin which had been reared in a local hatchery were distributed throughout the loch. The fish population was studied from 1995-98. The authors conclude that survival of the trout population is possible if the acidity of the loch water remains low.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Conservation ; Limnology ; Restoration ; Stocks ; Stock assessment ; Freshwater lakes ; Acidity ; Scotland ; Loch Enoch ; Salmo trutta
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4641 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:08:38 | 4641 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The general decline of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) throughout its holarctic range is well documented. Scotland is considered to be a stronghold of margaritifera, containing approximately half of the world's known remaining viable populations. However, even here the majority of populations have declined and many have disappeared completely. This article provides an overview of the freshwater pearl mussel life-cycle and the life-cycle of salmonids which are the host fish during the freshwater mussels short parasitic larval phase. The authors highlight the potential implications of the decline of salmonids for freshwater populations in Scotland.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater molluscs ; Freshwater fish ; Life cycle ; Nature conservation ; Rare species ; Margaritifera margaritifera ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4654 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:07:17 | 4654 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: More than 4000 ponds have been created or restored in Denmark since 1985 as part of a large-scale pond-digging programme to protect endangered amphibians in particular and pond flora and fauna in general. Most ponds are created on private land with public financing. The programme was triggered by, among other factors, a drastic decline in amphibian populations in Denmark between 1940 and 1980. However, in recent years there has been an increased awareness in Denmark that temporary ponds are important for the conservation of some of the most rare amphibian species, such as fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina, natterjack toad Bufo calamita and green toad Bufo viridis. Other rare species such as moor frog Rana arvalis and European tree frog Hyla arborea also benefit from temporary ponds. The last 15 years of work on the conservation of endangered species and their habitats has resulted in a last-minute rescue and a subsequent growth in the size of most Danish populations of fire-bellied toad and green toad; some populations of the relatively more common natterjack toad have also increased. The creation of temporary ponds plays an important role in the success of these three species. The creation of ponds to help restore viable populations of the most rare amphibians has not been easy. To study the conditions that may need to be created, Danish herpetologists searched for areas with temporary ponds that had good water quality, natural hydrological conditions and a management regime influenced by traditional agricultural methods. The paper gives an overview of pond creation and restoration projects in Denmark and Poland and their significance for amphibian diversity.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Conservation ; Limnology ; Temporary ponds ; Habitat ; Nature conservation ; Amphibiotic species ; Restoration ; Bufo calamita ; Bufo viridis ; Bombina bombina ; Denmark ; Poland
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4653 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:12:42 | 4653 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Leverhulme Trust
    Description: Royal Society
    Description: Max-Planck Institute
    Keywords: Conservation ; Biology ; Marine iguana ; Amblyrhynchus cristatus ; Santa Fe ; Galápagos
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4658 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:07:11 | 4658 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: This article explores the diversity of scientific disciplines and paradigms, their relevance for policy development, how policy emerges throughout society,-and the mechanisms by which scientists can promote the value of science in policy formation. The author gives examples from various countries where freshwater science was used to inform policy.
    Keywords: Limnology ; Policies ; Freshwater sciences ; Policies ; Legislation ; Conservation
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4667 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:06:47 | 4667 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Keywords: Conservation ; Noticias de Galápagos ; Thomas H. Fritts ; Isla Santa Cruz ; Galápagos
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4668 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:06:15 | 4668 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment ; Charles Darwin Research Station ; Charles Darwin Foundation ; Galápagos
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4656 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:07:14 | 4656 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: This article reports on the success of reintroducing native crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) in the Sherston and Tetbury Avon, following extinction of the population from crayfish plague. The authors describe and review the survey methods that were used and identify a survey technique that was found to be the most rapid and robust for monitoring crayfish populations. Such a survey technique could be adopted as a standard method.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Conservation ; Limnology ; Modelling ; Spatial analysis ; Aquatic environment ; Models ; Food webs ; Predator prey interactions ; England ; Tetbury Avon River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 59-67
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4651 | 1256 | 2013-10-27 12:15:53 | 4651 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Although there is a growing awareness of the value of temporary ponds in Europe, there is still remarkably little information available to help guide their conservation and management.General principles which can be used to guide the managementof temporary ponds as a whole have yet to be established. The aim of this article, therefore, is to give a broader overview of the main principles of temporary pond conservation, particularly by building on a number of general principles for managing ponds previously described by Biggs et al. (1994) and Williams et al. The authors emphasise the importance of surveys in order to get data on which to base management strategies. The main principles of temporary pond management are described, and examples of three case studies of ponds in England are given.
    Keywords: Management ; Limnology ; Temporary ponds ; Habitat ; Management ; England ; Conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 71-80
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  • 93
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4670 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:06:11 | 4670 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Keywords: Conservation ; Galapagos National Park ; Isla Santa Cruz ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: p.31
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  • 94
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4669 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:06:10 | 4669 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Keywords: Conservation ; Puerto Ayora ; Isla Santa Cruz ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 29-30
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  • 95
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4671 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:06:13 | 4671 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment ; Miconia robinsoniana ; Scalesia pedunculata ; La Toma ; Isla San Cristóbal ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: p.23
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  • 96
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4674 | 3 | 2011-09-29 16:06:07 | 4674 | Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: A publication of the Society of Wetland Scientists
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment ; Planning ; Everglades ; vegetation ; restoration
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-4
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  • 97
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4678 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:05:41 | 4678 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Keywords: Biology ; Conservation ; Buddleja americana ; Isla Floreana ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: p.28
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  • 98
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4680 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:05:08 | 4680 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Keywords: Conservation ; Charles Darwin Foundation ; Isla Santa Cruz ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: p.32
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  • 99
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4679 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:05:32 | 4679 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Keywords: Conservation ; Geochelone elephantopus ; Giant Tortoise ; Isla Pinzón ; Isla Española ; Isla Santa Cruz ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 17-18
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  • 100
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    In:  galapagosresearch@fcdarwin.org.ec | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4681 | 704 | 2011-09-29 16:05:10 | 4681 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: World Wildlife Fund
    Description: Charles Darwin Research Station project number 1719.
    Keywords: Conservation ; flightless cormorant ; Nannopterium harrisi ; Galapagos penguin ; Spheniscus mendiculus ; Isla Isabela ; Isla Fernandina ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 24-25
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