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  • Nature Publishing Group  (19,448)
  • 2020-2022  (4)
  • 1970-1974  (19,444)
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Year
  • 1
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    Significance of Upper Jurassic Sediments in the Knysana Outlier (Cape Province) for Timing of the Breakout of Gondwanaland (1971)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 232 (28). pp. 37-38.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: Marine Upper Jurassic sediments have recently been reported from South Africa (Knysna Outlier, Cape Province) for the first time1. They occur as shallow water, sandy clays (Brenton Beds) in association with terrestrial/fluviatile conglomerates and sandstones, which were deposited in an approximately east-west elongate intermontane basin between the Cape Fold mountains (formed of Lower Palaeozoic sediments). Post-Cretaceous erosion has reduced the original deposits to a series of small, isolated outliers, only two of which have been reported to contain marine sediments (Knysna, lower Upper Jurassic; Algoa, Valanginian2) (Fig. 1). Extensive Neocomian-Maas-trichtian outcrops are known from the continental shelf off to the south of South Africa3, and a complete mid-Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous marine succession is suspected on the Agulhas Bank infilling and overlying east-west striking, fault bounded folds of Lower Palaeozoic Cape Supergroup rocks as shown in Fig. 1 (R. V. D., in preparation and refs. 1 and 4).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Variability of the thermohaline staircase (1973)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 244 (131). pp. 11-12.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: STEP-LIKE structures in temperature and salinity beneath the Mediterranean water have been observed in the Eastern Atlantic1–6. In Fig. 1 we show the stations where steps have been found in the area to the west of Gibraltar. Salt fingering as a result of double diffusive processes has been suggested as a possible cause for the generation of such step-like structures7. During cruise No. 23 of RV Meteor in 1971 we intended to study the small scale features of such structures8. Some previous observations6 in August/September 1970 had revealed an extensive zone where a “thermohaline staircase” existed (Fig. 1). We therefore selected stations in this area and close to it for the proposed study. A high resolution in situ conductivity-temperature-depth meter of the “Kieler Multi-Meeressonde” type was used for the vertical profiling of temperature and salinity.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    New Technique for the Study of Sperm Whale Migration (1972)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 238 (5364). pp. 405-406.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-14
    Description: In the southern hemisphere, female and young male sperm whales (up to about 39 feet long) are not normally found in higher latitudes than 40° S while large males occur in Antarctic waters1–3; clearly many large bulls must migrate from the breeding areas into colder regions. Evidence of the return of large bulls to lower latitudes rests upon marking them in the Antarctic4 or external infestation by Antarctic Cocconeis or Cyamus 5. Only a single mark5 has been recovered which provides direct evidence for the return north from Antarctic waters. This mark (USSR No. 650203) was fired on December 25, 1967, at 62° 22′ S 26° 25′ E and the whale was killed on May 13, 1968, off Durban. The small size of the male concerned (35 feet at death) makes this record rather surprising although Jonsgård6 did mention that the smallest whales from Antarctic waters were about 35 feet. Marking can provide information on only a small part of the whale population at considerable cost, freshness of the whale restricts the value of infestation as an indicator but the study of food remnants in sperm whale stomachs provides another method without these disadvantages.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Asian dust-storm activity dominated by Chinese dynasty changes since 2000 BP (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 11(1), pp. 1-7, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-14
    Description: The Asian monsoon (AM) played an important role in the dynastic history of China, yet it remains unknown whether AM-mediated shifts in Chinese societies affect earth surface processes to the point of exceeding natural variability. Here, we present a dust storm intensity record dating back to the first unified dynasty of China (the Qin Dynasty, 221–207 B.C.E.). Marked increases in dust storm activity coincided with unified dynasties with large populations during strong AM periods. By contrast, reduced dust storm activity corresponded to decreased population sizes and periods of civil unrest, which was co-eval with a weakened AM. The strengthened AM may have facilitated the development of Chinese civilizations, destabilizing the topsoil and thereby increasing the dust storm frequency. Beginning at least 2000 years ago, human activities might have started to overtake natural climatic variability as the dominant controls of dust storm activity in eastern China.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Successful ecosystem-based management of Antarctic krill should address uncertainties in krill recruitment, behaviour and ecological adaptation (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Nature Publishing Group, 1(28), ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, supports a valuable commercial fishery in the Southwest Atlantic, which holds the highest krill densities and is warming rapidly. The krill catch is increasing, is concentrated in a small area, and has shifted seasonally from summer to autumn/winter. The fishery is managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, with the main goal of safeguarding the large populations of krill-dependent predators. Here we show that, because of the restricted distribution of successfully spawning krill and high inter-annual variability in their biomass, the risk of direct fishery impacts on the krill stock itself might be higher than previously thought. We show how management benefits could be achieved by incorporating uncertainty surrounding key aspects of krill ecology into management decisions, and how knowledge can be improved in these key areas. This improved information may be supplied, in part, by the fishery itself.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Antarctic icebergs reorganize ocean circulation during Pleistocene glacials (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 589(7841), pp. 236-241, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-03
    Description: The dominant feature of large-scale mass transfer in the modern ocean is the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The geometry and vigour of this circulation influences global climate on various timescales. Palaeoceanographic evidence suggests that during glacial periods of the past 1.5 million years the AMOC had markedly different features from today; in the Atlantic basin, deep waters of Southern Ocean origin increased in volume while above them the core of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) shoaled. An absence of evidence on the origin of this phenomenon means that the sequence of events leading to global glacial conditions remains unclear. Here we present multi-proxy evidence showing that northward shifts in Antarctic iceberg melt in the Indian–Atlantic Southern Ocean (0–50°E) systematically preceded deep-water mass reorganizations by one to two thousand years during Pleistocene-era glaciations. With the aid of iceberg-trajectory model experiments, we demonstrate that such a shift in iceberg trajectories during glacial periods can result in a considerable redistribution of freshwater in the Southern Ocean. We suggest that this, in concert with increased sea-ice cover, enabled positive buoyancy anomalies to ‘escape’ into the upper limb of the AMOC, providing a teleconnection between surface Southern Ocean conditions and the formation of NADW. The magnitude and pacing of this mechanism evolved substantially across the mid-Pleistocene transition, and the coeval increase in magnitude of the ‘southern escape’ and deep circulation perturbations implicate this mechanism as a key feedback in the transition to the ‘100-kyr world’, in which glacial–interglacial cycles occur at roughly 100,000-year periods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Bacterial communities in temperate and polar coastal sands are seasonally stable (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3ISME Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 1(1), pp. 1-11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-20
    Description: Coastal sands are biocatalytic filters for dissolved and particulate organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin, thus, acting as centers of organic matter transformation. At high temporal resolution, we accessed the variability of benthic bacterial communities over two annual cycles at Helgoland (North Sea), and compared it with seasonality of communities in Isfjorden (Svalbard, 78°N) sediments, where primary production does not occur during winter. Benthic community structure remained stable in both, temperate and polar sediments on the level of cell counts and 16S rRNA-based taxonomy. Actinobacteriota of uncultured Actinomarinales and Microtrichales were a major group, with 8 ± 1% of total reads (Helgoland) and 31 ± 6% (Svalbard). Their high activity (frequency of dividing cells 28%) and in situ cell numbers of 〉10% of total microbes in Svalbard sediments, suggest Actinomarinales and Microtrichales as key heterotrophs for carbon mineralization. Even though Helgoland and Svalbard sampling sites showed no phytodetritus-driven changes of the benthic bacterial community structure, they harbored significantly different communities (p 〈 0.0001, r = 0.963). The temporal stability of benthic bacterial communities is in stark contrast to the dynamic succession typical of coastal waters, suggesting that pelagic and benthic bacterial communities respond to phytoplankton productivity very differently.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical Machines (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 236 (1972), S. 184-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PROFESSOR LAITHWAITE is a superb popularizer and is incapable of writing a dull book; this is no exception. Linear Electric Motors is a short book (101 pages), which deals with a wide range of topics. It is thought-provoking, but I am forced to ask, who Professor Laithwaite had in mind when he ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/236184b0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 236 (1972), S. 187-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] University News Dr Graham Wood has been appointed professor of corrosion science in the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. Professor C. A. Coulson has been appointed first professor of theoretical chemistry in the University of Oxford. Dr D. T. Elmore has been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/236187a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 236 (1972), S. 187-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN the article "A New Approach to Pattern Recognition" by N. Jar dine {Nature, 234, 526; 1971), the second sentence of the third paragraph should read as follows: "It is assumed that each of a set of classes, i,. . ., " = £!, has an a priori probability of occurrence P(f) and is specified by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/236187b0
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