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  • Articles  (7)
  • Other Sources  (12)
  • Oxford Univ. Press
  • Taylor & Francis
  • 2020-2022  (11)
  • 1975-1979  (7)
  • 1890-1899  (1)
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  • Articles  (7)
  • Other Sources  (12)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The effective management of the risks posed by natural and man-made hazards requires all relevant threats and their interactions to be considered. This paper proposes a three-level framework for multi-risk assessment that accounts for possible hazard and risk interactions. The first level is a flow chart that guides the user in deciding whether a multi-hazard and risk approach is required. The second level is a semi-quantitative approach to explore if a more detailed, quantitative assessment is needed. The third level is a detailed quantitative multi-risk analysis based on Bayesian networks. Examples that demonstrate the application of the method are presented.
    Description: Published
    Description: 59–74
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-01-25
    Description: Bagnoli-Coroglio is a Site of National Interest (SNI) facing the Pozzuoli Bay that has been the place of an industrial activity for more than a century (1854-1985). The modern coastal geology of this area results from the recent evolution of an antecedent volcanic landscape that originated after a caldera collapse following the eruption of Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) of Campi Flegrei (15 ka). After the NYT eruption, a shallow marine depression formed within the caldera collapse area that underwent progressive filling-up, due to volcaniclastic sediment input from the caldera borders, within a semi-enclosed source-to-sink system. The integrated interpretation of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the Bagnoli-Coroglio area and the high resolution reflection seismic profiles acquired off the Pozzuoli Bay suggests that the present-day coastal plain of Bagnoli-Fuorigrotta and conterminous continental shelf represent the latest infilling phase of the annular depression (caldera ‘collar’) between the structural border of the NYT caldera and the inner caldera resurgent dome. The stratigraphic architecture and morpho-bathymetry of the Bagnoli inner shelf provide a record of the complex interplay between eustatic sea level changes, volcano-tectonic (ground/seafloor) deformation, and supply of volcaniclastic sediments, with associated coastline shifts over the last millennia. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
    Description: Published
    Description: 529-549
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: UAVs have become a useful tool for natural hazard monitoring. In volcanic areas, they allow wider observations of the eruptive behaviour, with no risk for the operator. The SfM technique enables obtaining orthoimages of lava flows and a DEM in a short time. These data are also useful to estimate lava flow volumes and the mass output rate characterizing an eruption. We present the results of ten UAV surveys made during and after the 30 May – 6 June 2019 eruption of Etna volcano, projecting the data in a time context back until 1999. Orthoimages taken on different days allowed monitoring the morpho-structural evolution of the fissures, capturing the lava flows propagation and the accumulation of pyroclastic deposits. From 1999 to 2018, there were nine flank-eruptions and dozens of summiteruptions, which for graphic simplicity have been grouped by year in the map. The resulting map represents the most updated of the recent lava flows of Etna
    Description: This study has benefited from funding provided by the APQ Sicilia and from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC); Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 65-76
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lava flow mapping ; volcanological monitoring ; Etna ; UAV ; SfM technique ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: One of the main issues with naive Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) implementations is the lack of uniform accuracy in the computational domain. If not mastered correctly, this leads to non-physical predictions when dealing with large-domain hydraulic problems or with very fine resolutions. The present article addresses two recommended methodologies to achieve the best numerical accuracy with single-precision SPH implementations, using the GPUSPH engine as reference. A still water test case is examined using different approaches. Instead of operating with the physical particle positions, the use of positions relative to the neighbour-search grid leads to a homogeneous accuracy distribution throughout the domain, with a consequent improvement in energy conservation. Further improvements are attained by evolving the relative density variation in the fluid equations, instead of the physical density. This helps in bounding the numerical errors within the machine epsilon and prevents any spurious behaviour due to error accumulation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 774-787
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-09-22
    Description: We document the tectonic and metamorphic evolution of thrust nappes of the eastern island of Elba. The area exposes a natural cross section of the Northern Apennines hinterland, from the metamorphic basement units to the overlying continent- and ocean-derived nappes. We integrated mapping, analysis of structures and microstructures, and the interpretation of drill core logs with lithostratigraphic, metamorphic, and geochronological constraints, producing a novel geological map of eastern Elba (1:5'000 scale). We show that the area experienced polyphase Oligocene - Pliocene contractional tectonics marked by in-sequence and out-of-sequence thrusting accompanied by folding and overprinted by faulting in the Pliocene. Magmatism occurred during contraction with post-magmatic thrusting ultimately coupling HP-LT and LP-HT units. Drill core logs allow for the first time the reconstruction of the N-dipping character of the Zuccale Fault, which represents the youngest (late Miocene - early Pliocene) large-scale structure in the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 519-532
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Geological Map ; Elba Island ; Northern Apennines ; Tectonic evolution ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology . pp. 1-52.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Traceability and reliable results are the two pillars of analytical methods; certified reference materials (CRMs) meet this requirement. ISO 17034:2016 credentials provide brief information on general requirements for the competence of Reference Material Producers (RMPs). The different types of CRMs have been produced in recent years for chemical analysis in food, water, soil, and sediment matrices in recent years. This review provides a detailed overview of the development of CRMs in the field of marine environment, as matrix CRMs play an important role in the field of environmental monitoring. COMAR database, EVISA database: materials, LGC standards, and JRC catalogs are very helpful online resources to find various types of CRMs according to the application requirements. Highlights - The classification of certified reference materials (CRMs) in the field of marine environment is presented; - General information about the production and characteristics of CRMs is discussed; - Examples of use of existing marine CRMs are described in detail; - Importance of CRMs for QA/QC and CRMs development for chemical analysis is presented; - The parameters that characterize the CRMs: representativeness, homogeneity, stability, and certified value are provided.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-04-14
    Description: The paper presents the results of an ambient vibration monitoring campaign conducted on the so-called “Clock Tower” (Torre delle Ore), one of the best known and most visited monuments in the historic centre of Lucca. The vibrations of the tower were continuously monitored from November 2017 to March 2018 using high-sensitivity instrumentation. In particular, four seismic stations provided by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and two three-axial accelerometers developed by AGI S.r.l., spin-off of the National Institute for Astrophysics, were installed on the tower. The measured vibration level was generally very low, since the structure lies in the middle of a limited traffic area. Nevertheless, the availability of two different types of highly sensitive and accurate instruments allowed the authors to follow the dynamic behaviour of the tower during the entire monitoring period and has moreover provided cross-validation of the results.
    Description: This research has been partially supported by the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Lucca (TITANIO project, 2016-2018) and the Region of Tuscany and MIUR (MOSCARDO project 2016-2018, FAR-FAS 2014). These supports are gratefully acknowledged.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5-21
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: masonry towers ; long-term monitoring ; vibration sources ; operational modal analysis ; environmental effects ; seismology for engineering
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-02-27
    Description: Multi-use (MU) has been promoted as a viable approach to the effective planning and mitigation of user-conflicts in the marine realm. Despite several research and pilot projects demonstrating the approach’s feasibility and benefits, commercially viable MU applications remain patchy and few. Further, MU is neither systematically applied nor purposively planned for even in the imminent event of incompatible and conflicting use of marine space. This paper seeks to identify barriers and opportunities for mainstreaming MU based on desktop study and iterative stakeholder consultation. The findings reveal that the MU concept was frequently framed as ‘co-location’ or ‘co-existence’ and aimed toward mitigating conflict among users. Practice was ahead of theory with little attention to synergistic and efficiency aspects. Barriers for MU application include shortcomings in legislation, sectoral thinking, and burdensome administrative procedures. The main opportunity lies in creating a conducive policy environment where MU risks and transaction costs become low and competitive, respectively. Solutions at the sea basin and national level, upon which further MU application can be anchored, are proposed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Critical Reviews in Biotechnology . pp. 1-14.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: The marine environment encompasses a huge biological diversity and can be considered as an underexplored location for prospecting bioactive molecules. In this review, the current state of art about antimicrobial molecules from marine bacteria has been summarized considering the main phylum and sources evolved in a marine environment. Considering the last two decades, we have found as most studied group of bacteria producers of substances with antimicrobial activity is the Firmicutes phylum, in particular strains of the Bacillus genus. The reason for that can be attributed to the difficult cultivation of typical Actinobacteria from a marine sediment, whose members are the major producers of antimicrobial substances in land environments. However, a reversed trend has been observed in recent years with an increasing number of reports settling on Actinobacteria. Great diversity of chemical structures have been identified, such as fijimicyns and lynamicyns from Actinomycetes and macrolactins produced by Bacillus.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 15 (4). pp. 499-522.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Introduction: The marine environment is a very promising resource for natural product research, with many of these reaching the market as new drugs, especially in the field of cancer therapy as well as the drug discovery pipeline for new antimicrobials. Exploitation for bioactive marine compounds with unique structures and novel bioactivity such as the isoquinoline alkaloid; trabectedin, the polyether macrolide; halichondrin B, and the peptide; dolastatin 10, requires the use of analytical techniques, which can generate unbiased, quantitative, and qualitative data to benefit the biodiscovery process. Metabolomics has shown to bridge this understanding and facilitate the development of new potential drugs from marine sources and particularly their microbial symbionts. Areas covered: In this review, articles on applied secondary metabolomics ranging from 1990–2018 as well as to the last quarter of 2019 were probed to investigate the impact of metabolomics on drug discovery for new antibiotics and cancer treatment. Expert opinion: The current literature review highlighted the effectiveness of metabolomics in the study of targeting biologically active secondary metabolites from marine sources for optimized discovery of potential new natural products to be made accessible to a R&D pipeline.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Freshwater sponges can be considered a promising new source of bioactive compounds for the pharmaceutical industry; however, the research on their chemical composition is still in the incipient stage. We evaluated the most endemic Amazonian freshwater sponge species from the Drulia and Metania genera by untargeted metabolomic approaches, based on UHPCL-HRMS, in order to identify chemical markers and explore the diversity of specialized metabolites. The use of untargeted approaches allowed us to observe subsets of metabolites that enabled the characterization of, not only each genus, but also, of each species. Freshwater sponge species presented themselves as rich sources of fatty acids and sterols, which were putatively identified. These metabolites were suggested as chemical markers for further targeted metabolomic studies.
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  • 12
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 6 (1). pp. 25-31.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: Afferent activity in the stellar nerves of Octopus vulgaris has been recorded in response to a probe applying a mechanical stimulus of approximately 5 gm/mm2 to the inner surface of the mantle. Mechanical sensitivity is distributed throughout the mantle surface and there is a large degree of overlap between the peripheral fields of nearby stellar nerves but no overlap of either ventral or dorsal midline. The afferent activity probably results from stimulation of sensory receptors located in the mantle and skin, but antidromic discharge in motor fibres is also possible.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2015-03-10
    Description: Six lakes of the Wadi Natrun, Egypt, were studied with respect to the chemical composition of their brines and the occurrence of microbial mass developments. All investigated lakes showed pH values of approximately 11 and a total salt content of generally more than 30%. The main components were sulfate, carbonate, chloride, sodium, and minor amounts of potassium. Only traces of magnesium and calcium were present, but unusually high concentrations of organic carbon compounds, nitrogen compounds, and phosphate were found. Mass developments of phototrophic sulfur bacteria, halobacteria, cyanobacteria, and green algae were observed. The functions of complete nitrogen and sulfur cycles in the alkaline brines are discussed. The properties of the lakes and their ecology are compared with data on the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake, Utah.
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  • 14
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Geomicrobiology Journal, 1 (3). pp. 249-293.
    Publication Date: 2015-12-08
    Description: Microbiological transformations of sulfur compounds discriminate to various degrees between the stable sulfur isotopes 32S and 34S. Comparatively little is known on isotopic effects associated with sulfur‐oxidizing organisms, and the interpretation of results is complicated since the sulfur pathways are poorly defined and compounds containing two or more sulfur atoms at different oxidation states may be involved. Dissimilatory reduction of sulfate, and sulfite reduction by certain assimilatory microorganisms, causes particularly marked isotopic effects, the expression of which depends on the extent of reaction and other incompletely defined environmental conditions. Models have been proposed to account for these effects based on current knowledge of the reduction pathways. Many of the trends observed during dissimilatory sulfate reduction in the laboratory can also be found in the modern environment leaving little doubt that microbiological factors play a significant role in determining sulfur isotope distributions in nature. However, unusually large isotopic effects, rarely approached in the laboratory, are often observed in nature. The reasons for this are not entirely clear, but in sediments it is possible that diffusional isotopic effects are imposed on biological effects.
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  • 15
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 5 (4). pp. 325-346.
    Publication Date: 2018-05-22
    Description: Intracellular and extracellular recordings from the stem, gastrozooids, palpons, tentacles and nectophores of physonectid siphonophores are presented. The stem organization previously described for Nanomia applies with only minor differences to Forskalia and Agalma. The endodermal epithelium of the stem is shown to be the pathway for slow potentials. Pumping cycles and feeding activities are organized locally in gastrozooids and palpons. Protective retractions are coordinated, probably through a direct nervous link with the stem. This is also true of tentacles. The ectoderm of bracts is a conducting epithelium; excitation in it can induce nervous activity in the stem, but the mechanism is unknown. Impulse traffic between stem and zooids is erratic and breaks down rapidly with repeated stimulation. The motor centres of the nectophores are connected to the stem by a labile nervous link, but an alternative epithelial pathway exists.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 16
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Marine Geotechnology, 3 (1). pp. 1-22.
    Publication Date: 2018-10-29
    Description: From a series of direct shear and laboratory vane shear tests conducted on natural pelagic and terrigenous marine soils, we have proposed a combined shear test procedure that involves obtaining the total stress failure envelope from tests on only two submarine soil samples. On one of the samples, both the direct shear and vane tests are conducted at zero normal stress. The second soil sample is consolidated under normal stress σn greater than the precompression stress Pc and sheared in a direct shear device under normal stress equal to the above consolidation pressure σn , the laboratory vane shear test on the same sample is conducted under zero normal stress. The combined test program results in four datum points (two from direct shear and two from laboratory vane shear tests. By connecting the two vane test datum points, the cohesion line (the failure envelope corresponding to vane shear tests) is obtained. By connecting the direct shear test datum points (from the soil consolidated under cn 〉 Pc) to the origin of the r vs. σn plane, the part of the failure envelope that lies beyond the precompression load is determined. The part of the failure envelope curve below the precompression stress is obtained by drawing a line parallel to the cohesion line through the direct shear datum point (corresponding to zero normal stress). The data and procedure reported herein indicate that the investigator can realize considerable time savings as well as conservation of sometimes expensive and limited submarine soil samples by using the proposed combined test procedure.
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  • 17
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    Taylor & Francis
    In:  New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 10 (1). pp. 119-130.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-22
    Description: Stomach contents of 68 black petrels, Procellaria parkinsoni, 12 Westland black petrels, P. westlandica, and 3 white‐chinned petrels, P. aequinoctialis, were compared. The main prey were Cephalopoda and fish, and these indicated predominantly nocturnal feeding with selection for bioluminescent forms. There is marked latitudinal variation in the Cephalopoda available to these petrels.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 18
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    In:  Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 42 (1). pp. 35-79.
    Publication Date: 2020-05-04
    Description: Fifty-two species of Ostracoda are distinguished in the Palaeogene succession of Soekor borehole Jc-1 on the continental shelf off Natal. Two species and one new genus are described, and the ostracod faunas can be grouped into four well-defined assemblages. Vertical variations in the make-up of the ostracod faunas, together with various parameters measured in the forminifera populations, are used to discriminate changes in the conditions of deposition and rates of sediment accumulation. These can be summarized: lower Palaeocene environments were hyposaline, restricted circulation, with rapid accumulation; upper Palaeocene through Eocene conditions were normal marine, alternating restricted and open water circulation, with rapid accumulation in the Palaeocene, and slower accumulation in the Eocene; Oligocene conditions were normal marine, with open water given way to restricted circulation, shallow water environments in the upper part. Sediment accumulation rates in the Oligocene vary rapidly, major changes in the composition of the ostracod populations are recognized as important local biostratigraphical events.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 19
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    In:  The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 36 (222). pp. 430-437.
    Publication Date: 2019-05-14
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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