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  • Artikel  (378)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel-cementum-morphology ; Immunocytochemistry ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The continuously erupting rabbit incisor tooth is normally thought of as having an enamel covered “crown” on its labial surface and a cementum covered “root” on its lingual surface. We have examined both surfaces of continuously erupting rabbit incisor teeth taken from near term embryos by a variety of means, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, biochemical fractionation, and immunohistochemistry. In all cases, we could detect no qualitative difference in the early extracellular matrices taken from the labial and lingual surfaces of the teeth. Both matrices were shown to be composed of dentin and enamel, although the thickness and geometry of the enamel matrix on the lingual surface was somewhat different from that on the labial surface.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 141-146 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Biochemistry ; Chimiotaxonomy ; Fungus wall ; Taphrina deformans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Glucose is the main component of the cell wall of the yeast form of Taphrina deformans. On the other hand the glucosamine content is very low (less than 1%). Other sugars are mannose, galactose and rhamnose; their content depends on the age of the cultures. The protein content is less than 5% and lipids less than 2%. Most of the isolated cell wall is alkalisoluble: the insoluble fraction is less than 8% of the total wall. Three polysaccharides have been detected: an α-glucan containing mostly α(1→3) and perhaps a few α(1→4) glycosidic linkages, a β-glucan containing β(1→3) and β(1→6) linkages, and a heteropolysaccharide fraction containing mannose, galactose and rhamnose. Chitin, if present, forms no more than 2‰ of the total wall. The biochemical characteristics of the cell wall of the yeast form of T. deformans distinguish it from that of filamentous Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes and also of most of the yeasts. It is with the Schizosaccharomyces wall that they have the most features in common.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 193-209 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Planaria ; Starvation ; Fine structure ; Biochemistry ; Cytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Employing a combination of microscopical, biochemical and autoradiographic techniques, the primary effects of starvation on adult Polycelis tenuis have been studied. Over a five week period of starvation there is on average a 32% decrease in the size of the organism. This decrease is contributed to by a reduction in mitosis and an increase in cell shrinkage autolysis and death. During starvation (following a sharp rise in RNA synthesis) there is a distinct sequence of events; four peaks of acid phosphatase activity can be resolved. The first is associated with the immediate response of the gastrodermis to feeding; the second (after 6 to 7 days) with increased autophagy and dedifferentiation in the gland cells and with muscle lysis; the third peak (after 14 to 15 days) is contributed to largely by the lysis of cells in the gut and the fourth peak (after 25 to 26 days) is caused by an extensive lysis of the reproductive system. Fine structural changes involving increased intracellular vacuolation, autophagy, crinophagy, atrophy of muscle, increased intercellular space and loss of basement membrane matrix have been related to changes in enzyme pattern. Nerve cells appear unchanged throughout the first five weeks of starvation. Pigment and gland cells loose their characteristic granules, dedifferentiate and become morphologically similar to the undifferentiated neoblasts. Dedifferentiation and the mechanisms involved in the survival of starvation are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 365-389 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Forestomach epithelium ; Goat ; ATPases ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Am Epithel der drei Vormägen der Ziege wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über den Nachweis der Mg++-, (Mg++-Na+-K+)- und der Ca++-aktivierbaren ATPasen durchgeführt. Bereits an lichtmikroskopischen Präparaten wurde festgestellt, daß sich deutliche Unterschiede in der Enzymaktivität der Mg++- und Ca++ stimulierbaren ATPasen sowohl für die einzelnen Epithelschichten als auch für die verschiedenen Bereiche der Vormägen nachweisen lassen; die tiefen Epithellagen reagieren stets stärker als die oberflächlichen. Ferner ist die in hohem Maße von der Inkubationszeit abhängige Reaktionsstärke im Epithel des Blättermagens größer als in der Lamina epithelialis des Netzmagens und vor allem in jener des Pansens. Bei dem elektronenmikroskopisch geführten Nachweis der ATPasen zeigt sich, daß die Reaktionsprodukte an der Außenseite der Zellmembranen liegen. Frei von Niederschlägen sind alle Zellmembranabschnitte, die sich an der Bildung der Desmosomen und Halbdesmosomen beteiligen sowie die basalen Abschnitte der Basalzellen. Im Hinblick auf die Verteilung und feinstrukturelle Lokalisation konnten keine Unterschiede zwischen den Mg++-, Ca++- und (Mg++-Na+-K+)-aktivierbaren ATPasen beobachtet werden. In Anlehnung an die Methode nach Coleman u.a. (1967) wurden Zellmembranen von Pansenepithelzellen isoliert und an diesen biochemische Enzymbestimmungen durchgeführt. Die Ausbeute der gewonnenen Zellmembranen betrug, gemessen anhand der 5′-Nukleotidase, dem Leitenzym für Plasmamembranen, gegenüber dem eingesetzten Gesamthomogenat 0,3%. Die mit diesem Verfahren durchgeführten biochemischen Enzymbestimmungen erbrachten den Nachweis, daß in den Plasmamembranen der Pansenepithelzellen neben der Mg++- und Ca++-aktivierbaren auch eine (Na+-K+)-abhängige Transport-ATPase vorkommt.
    Notizen: Summary Light- and electron microscopical studies were carried out to demonstrate ATPases activated by Mg++, by (Mg++-Na+-K+), and by Ca++. Histological sections showed clear differences of the activity of Mg++- and Ca++-stimulated ATPases in the light microscope in different layers of the epithelium as well as in different areas of the forestomach. The deeper layers reacted more intensely than the superficial ones. The intensity of the reaction (which depends on incubation time) in the omasal epithelium was stronger than in the lamina epithelialis of the reticulum and much stronger than in the lamina epithelialis of the rumen. In the electron microscope, the reaction products of the ATPase appeared on the outer surface of cell membranes (plasmalemmata). No deposits of the reaction products were observed on those areas of the cell membranes, which are involved in the formation of desmosomes and semidesmosomes. The basal parts of the basal cells were also free from reaction products. As for the distribution and ultrastructural localisation of the deposits, no differences were observed among the ATPase stimulated by Mg++, (Mg++-Na+-K+), and Ca++. Using the technique of Coleman et al. (1967), the cell membranes of ruminal epithelium were isolated. Biochemical assays of the enzymes were carried out. The quantity of cell membranes obtained was 0.3% of the whole homogenate, when compared with 5′-nucleotidase, which is the typical enzyme of plasmalemmata. The biochemical enzyme assays showed that, besides Mg++- and Ca++-dependent ATPases, a (Na+-K+)-dependent transport ATPase exists in the cell membranes of ruminal epithelial cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurosecretory tract (eel) ; Transport of hormones ; Arginine-vasotocin ; Ichthyotocin ; Biochemistry ; light microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une étude pharmacologique et histologique des transformations enregistrées le long du tractus neurosécrétoire est réalisée chez l'anguille européenne après hypophysectomie totale. Les animaux, sacrifiés entre 8 jours et 150 jours après hypophysectomie, sont d'abord examinés sur le plan quantitatif en suivant le devenir de l'arginine-vasotocine et de l'istotocine dans les parties antérieure (noyau préoptique) et caudale du tractus neurosécrétoire. L'étude est ensuite effectuée sur un plan qualitatif, en suivant, pour les mêmes territoires et les mêmes périodes de temps, les transformations notées pour le neurosécrétat. Les résultats obtenus au moyen de ces deux techniques d'investigation sont comparés. 1. Sur le plan quantitatif, l'expérience montre que l'évolution de l'arginine-vasotocine est différente de celle de l'isotocine, et qu'une distinction peut être faite entre les parties antérieure et caudale du tractus neurosécrétoire. En règle générale, et particuhèrement pour le premier peptide, lorsqu'il y a chute de concentration au niveau préoptique il y a augmentation de concentration dans la partie caudale, ce qui permet de traduire le cheminement des hormones. 2. L'expérience montre également que les hormones sont toujours présentes, mais subissent des chutes de concentration très importantes. 3. Le contrôle histologique confirme les résultats précédents, et montre des variations importantes dans la quantité et la colorabilité du neurosécrétat.
    Notizen: Summary A pharmacological and histological study of the transformations of the neurosecretory material observed along the neurosecretory tract of the hypophysectomized eel has been performed. The animals, sacrificed within a period of 8 to 150 days after hypophysectomy, have been first examined on a quantitative level by registrating the concentration of arginine-vasotocin and ichthyotocin in the anterior (preoptic nucleus) and caudal parts of the neurosecretory tract. The study was then transferred to a qualitative level for the same regions and post-operative times, to follow up the transformations of the neurosecretory material. The results obtained with these two approaches of investigation are compared. 1. On the quantitative level, the experiments showed that the arginine-vasotocin behaves differently if compared with ichthyotocin, and that a difference exists between the anterior and caudal parts of the neurosecretory tract. In general, a decrease of concentration in the preoptic nucleus is followed by an increase of concentration in the caudal part. This is particularly obvious in the case of the arginine-vasotocin. This result speaks in favour of the transport of hormones along the neurosecretory tract. 2. The experiment showed also that the hormones are always present, but show an important decrease in concentration. 3. The histological control confirmed the pharmacological results, showing great variations of the quantity and stainability of the neurosecretory material.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Intestine, Lampetra fluviatilis ; Serotonin-, dopamine-, noradrenaline-containing neurons ; Identification by histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Monoamine-containing neurons in the gut of Lampetra fluviatilis are characterized by histochemical, electron microscopical and biochemical methods. Strongly yellow fluorescent, probably serotonin-containing intrinsic neurons are found along the entire length of the intestine. Their processes aggregate to form large bundles of mainly non-terminal axons, constituting a subepithelial fibre plexus. This subepithelial, ganglion cell comprising plexus is connected to a wide-meshed subserosal plexus which has ganglion cells of different size and few varicose, single axons. Intermingled with both plexus there occur — in the anterior and middle but not in the preanal portion of the lamprey intestine — scattered green fluorescent intrinsic perikarya, emanating faintly green fluorescent, poorly varicosed axons. The formaldehyde-induced neuronal fluorophores conform to serotonin (yellow fluorescent compound), noradrenaline, and dopamine (green fluorescent substance), as revealed in microspectrofluorimetric recordings. The electron microscopical analysis of the yellow fluorescent intrinsic neurons in the terminal hindgut shows nerve cell pericarya and axons equipped with a typical population of occasional small granular and many large granular vesicles (750–1600 Å). The number and opacity of cores of the small and the osmiophilia of the cores of the large granular vesicles are significantly increased following short-term treatment with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Long-term treatment with 5,6- or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine provokes severe signs of ultrastructure impairment and eventual degeneration in the supposed serotonin-containing axons, besides indications of piling-up of organelles in the non-terminal axons due to arrest of axonal transport. Chromatography of acid extracts from the lamprey intestine, gills and kidney reveals the presence of serotonin (besides another unidentified indoleamine) and dopamine and noradrenaline in the gut, but only dopamine in the brain. The detection of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine in the lamprey gut is confirmed by chemical determinations. The occurrence of intrinsic serotonin-, noradrenaline- and dopamine-containing neurons in the gut of Lampetra fluviatilis deviates from the established pattern of innervation of the vertebrate intestine and is considered to be a remnant of an autonomic innervation principle common in invertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 123 (1984), S. 140-151 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Biochemistry ; Cell wall ; Chitin ; Cytochemistry ; Glomus epigaeum ; Spore
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The cell wall of the spore ofGlomus epigaeum Daniels and Trappe, which has fibrillar subunits regularly arranged in arcs, was studied ultrastructurally and biochemically. The periodic acid/thiocarbohydrazide/silver proteinate (PATAg) reaction for polysaccharide location (Thiéry 1967) and the silver methenamine reaction for protein location (Swift 1968) were performed on whole spores, progressively alkaline-extracted and autoclaved spores, and untreated and alkaline-extracted cell wall fractions. The cytochemical results and those obtained from frozen sections indicated that the fibrils forming the main structure of the outer and inner wall consist of chitin. Quantitative determinations showed that chitin is the most important component (47%) of the alkali-insoluble residue and represents 27.2% of the whole cell wall fraction. It occurs predominantly as the acetylated form. Cytochemical and biochemical observations showed that the matrix surrounding the fibrils is made of alkali-soluble, PATAg positive polysaccharides (4.98% of the whole cell wall fraction). Monomers were identified by gas liquid chromatography as being γ-lactone of glucuronic acid, and glucose, rhamnose and mannose. Alkali-soluble proteins are an important part of the matrix, being spread mostly throughout the inner wall and constituting a large portion (55.1 %) of the alkali-soluble fraction. From the results we derive a model in which the chemical components are interconnected to build up a macromolecular network, in agreement with electron-microscopic observations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Insect midgut ; Lipid absorption ; Cytology ; Biochemistry ; Radioactive oleic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Voluntary uptake of triolein, margarine, and lipid-rich natural food (Tubifex) by fasting dragonfly larvae (Aeshna cyanea) led to heavy accumulations of lipid absorption droplets in the enterocytes within 2 days, while subsequent lipid clearance of the midgut epithelium took several weeks depending on the ingested lipid load. No endocytotic lipid uptake was observed after application of a molecular-dispersed fat dye. The smallest lipid droplets first appeared in the subapical groundplasm of the enterocytes and showed a reversible increase in size on their way towards the base. Lipid droplets were also observed at appropriate intervals after oral administration of oleic acid, after feeding margarine in the cold, and after injection of triolein into the isolated midgut. Comparative biochemical analysis after triolein feeding evidenced release of lipase and hydrolytic liberation of FA from TG in the midgut lumen, as well as time-dependent accumulations of TG in the midgut epithelium and of DG in the hemolymph. Oral injection of [14C] oleic acid was followed by its rapid absorption into the midgut epithelium, where it was utilized for the synthesis of MG and esterification to DG and TG. Discharge of radioactive lipid into the hemolymph occurred in the form of FA and DG, while the rectal fat body showed approximately equal labeling of the FA, DG, and TG fractions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Parasitology research 62 (1980), S. 85-93 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Schlagwort(e): Biochemistry ; Nematodes ; Filariae ; Setaria cervi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The microfilariae and adults ofSetaria cervi, a filarial parasite of Indian water-buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linn.) and of other ruminants were analysed for various biochemical constituents. Both stages of the parasite were rich in protein, carbohydrate, and lipids while nucleic acids were detectable in only small amounts. Microfilariae and adults contained 10 and 25% dry matter, 57.4 and 63.0% protein, 8.9 and 14.8% carbohydrate, and 12.8 and 9.2% lipid, respectively. Reducing sugars accounted for 52 and 67% respectively of the total carbohydrate in these two stages. Glycogen accounted for 95% of total carbohydrate in the cold PCA soluble fraction of adult worms while its concentration in microfilariae was very low. Glucose was the main constitutent of reducing sugars while concentrations of fructose were very low. Microfilariae contained more lipids, nucleic acids, mucopolysaccharides, and total phosphorus than adults. The phospholipid percentage was higher in microfilariae than in adults. The amino acid pattern of both stages was very similar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Colchicine ; Human enterocyte ; Glycoprotein transport ; Autoradiography ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of colchicine on the intracellular transport of 3H-fucose-labelled glycoproteins in the absorptive cells of cultured biopsy specimens of the human intestine was investigated by light- and electron-microscopical autoradiography and by biochemical methods. The results showed a decrease in the radioactivity of the cell coat on the microvilli and an increase in the Golgi apparatus and in the apical vesicles and tubules. This divergence is attributed to a colchicine-induced impairment of the normal transport of cell-coat glycoproteins from the Golgi apparatus, via the apical vesicles and tubules, to the apex of the cell. The radioactivity of the lysosome-like bodies in the absorptive cells cultured with colchicine also increased. This finding supports a crinophagic function of these organelles in the degradation of excess cell-coat material. The investigations were supported in part by the Foundation for Medical Research (FUNGO), which is subsidized by the Netherlands Organisation for the Advancement of Pure Research
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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