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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 1 (1986), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Argon laser ; Arterial microanastomosis ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Vessel re-endothelialization ; Collagenous fusion ; Vessel repair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Anastomoses micro-artérielles au laser argon: étude en microscopie électronique à balayage. Les auteurs réalisent au laser Argon (Coherent 900) une anastomose carotidienne terminoterminale sur une série de 50 rats Wistar de poids moyen de 260 g. Les impacts laser (en moyenne 19) sont de 300 mW de puissance et d'une durée de 5 s chacun, avec un point de focalisation de 150 μm de diamètre. On réalise sur 13 spécimens un examen en microscopie électronique à balayage. L'impact laser induit sur la paroi artérielle une lésion de 100 μm de large avec une légère nécrose de coagulation de la media et de l'adventice. La ligne de suture est re-endothélialisée dès le quatrième jour, alors qu'une fusion du collagène est observée dans les couches sousendothéliales. L'arrangement longitudinal des cellules endothéliales est retrouvé dés le dixième jour. A long terme, un réseau collagénique serré assure la résistance de la media et un endothélium normal recouvre la ligne de ‘soudure’. Les complications tel que lâchage ou anéurysmes doivent être attribuées aux inconvénients techniques du début de l'expérimentation.
    Notes: Abstract A carotid end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 50 Wistar rats (mean weight 260 g) by means of a Coherent 900 argon laser. Laser pulses (average 19) of 300 mW power and 5 s exposure time were used, the beam being focused to form a spot of 150 μm diameter. From day 0 to day 210, 13 specimens underwent scanning electron microscope examination. The results show that the laser impact produces a wall injury of 100 μm in width with some coagulative necrosis of the media and adventitia. The line of anastomosis became re-endothelialized within four days, at which time collagen fusion was observed in the subendothelial layers. The longitudinal arrangement of the endothelial cells was restored by day 10. In the long term, a thick collagenous meshwork maintained the strength of the media, while normal endothelium covered the anastomosis. Complications such as disruption and aneurysm formation were attributed to technical problems.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 265-266 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; hydrochlorothiazide ; pain threshold ; antinociceptive activity ; analgesic activity ; morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hydrochlorothiazide, acutely injected in rats, has a weak analgesic activity per se and potentiates and prolongs the antinociceptive effect of morphine.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 3-7 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Azospirillum lipoferum ; Mucigel ; Oryza sativa ; Root colonization ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seedlings of rice (IR42 and IR50) were aseptically dipped into Azospirillum lipoferum strain 34H suspension under dark, and the presence of bacteria on the differentiating regions of rice roots was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The bacterium did not colonize the root tips of IR42, while it colonized this region in the case of IR50, within 24 h after inoculation. In the early stages, most of the bacteria were embedded in the ruptured mucigel below the root cap cells of IR42. Mucigel was hardly detectable in IR50. While the root hair primordia of IR50 were colonized heavily with the bacterium within 24 h, the root hairs of IR42 were colonized 48 and 72 h after inoculation. This phenomenon in relation to plant varietal differences was discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 161-170 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Growth ; Rat ; Remodeling ; Tetracyclines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cortical bone remodeling along the femur diaphysis was determined in normal female rats (Sprague-Dawley) with the tetracycline technique. Three segments on the cortical bone circumference (the anterolateral, the medial, and the posterior) were found to be most suitable for the study of the remodeling process. Oxytetracycline was administered at age 60 and 75 days, and groups of animals were killed at age 75, 85, 95, and 105 days. The accumulated endosteal growth during age 60 to 75 days in the anterolateral segment was found to increase uniformly in the distal direction along the femur diaphysis. A method is described where this accumulated endosteal growth is used. This method eliminates the use of calipers to determine the section level and makes it possible to study comparable sections even after varying periods of time. The proximal part of the diaphysis showed periosteal apposition in all three segments. The periosteal apposition turned into resorption in the distal part of the diaphysis in the anterolateral and medial segments, whereas the periosteal appsition increased in the posterior segment. The endosteal growth increased in the distal direction in the anterolateral and medial segments. Irregular OTC bands made measurements of endosteal remodeling in the posterior segment impossible. The cortical width decreased in the distal direction along the femoral shaft. Comparison between the different age groups is described and also the relation between the accumulated endosteal growth and the diameter of the medullary cavity.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 161-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Ovary ; Rat ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Fifty adult female rats were used to study the effect of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α-OH-D3)on bone after oophorectomy. The experimental period was 6 months. At the end of the experiment the femurs and the tibias were investigated for bone mass and composition. Significant signs of osteopenia occurred as a result of oophorectomy. The treatment with 1α-OH-D3 induced only minor changes in blood chemistry but increased bone mass significantly. The findings support the view that 1α-OH-D3 may be a valuable tool in the treatment of osteoporosis resulting from ovarian insufficiency.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Ribosomal protein ; Immunological homology ; Yeast ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Polyclonal antibodies raised against ribosomal protein (r-protein) L2 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were used to check for cross-reaktions with total r-proteins of rat liver. Using this procedure, the rat liver r-proteins, L4 and L24, were identified as being immunologically related to yeast L2. In addtional, homologies between rat liver L4 and L24 were detected. The possible implications for the regulation of r-protein synthesis are discussed.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Evolution ; Gene family ; Human ; Rat ; Synonymous substitutions ; Silent molecular clock ; Evolutionary trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Various rodent and primate DNAs exhibit a stronger intra- than interspecies cross-hybridization with probes derived from the N-terminal domain exons of human and rat carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like genes. Southern analyses also reveal that the human and rat CEA gene families are of similar complexity. We counted at least 10 different genes per human haploid genome. In the rat, approximately seven to nine different N-terminal domain exons that presumably represent different genes appear to be present. We were able to assign the corresponding genomic restriction endonuclease fragments to already isolated CEA gene family members of both human and rat. Highly similar subgroups, as found within the human CEA gene family, seem to be absent from the rat genome. Hybridization with an intron probe from the human nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) gene and analysis of DNA sequence data indicate the conservation of noncoding regions among CEA-like genes within primates, implicating that whole gene units may have been duplicated. With the help of a computer program and by calculating the rate of synonymous substitutions, evolutionary trees have been derived. From this, we propose that an independent parallel evolution, leading to different CEA gene families, must have taken place in, at least, the primate and rodent orders.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 24 (1987), S. 260-271 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Mouse ; Rat ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Quantitative variability of proteins ; Qualitative variability of proteins ; Protein classes ; Membrane proteins ; Organ-specific proteins ; Regulatory genes ; Speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Proteins of membranes and cytosols were extracted from the livers and brains of mice (inbred strain DBA/6J) and rats (inbred strain DA/Han) and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The 2-DE patterns were compared with regard to qualitative (spot position) and quantitative (spot intensity) characteristics of the proteins of these two species. The following results were obtained: (1) Brain had more (higher percentage) conservative proteins (proteins found in both mice and rats) than liver; (2) plasma membranes had more conservative proteins than the cytosols; (3) organ-unspecific proteins contained more conservative proteins than relatively organ-specific proteins; (4) the pattern of distribution of genetic variability among different classes of proteins represented by findings 1–3 was the same for the qualitative and quantative characteristics of the proteins; and (5) some observations indicated that quantitative variability occurred more frequently among proteins than did qualitative variability. Our conclusion is that regulatory sequences in the DNA (regulatory genes) are subjected to functional constraints that differ in strength among different classes of proteins by the same ratios as the constraints acting on the structural genes. The overall effect of the selective pressure is, however, less stringent for regulatory genes than for structural genes. The results obtained here by comparing two different species are very similar to previous results we obtained by studying different subspecies (inbred strains of the mouse). From this finding arises a new concept: the study of molecular evolution on the basis of different classes of proteins. Our results were compared with data from the literature that were obtained in part from studies on cultured cells. The comparison suggested that cultured cells have lost their tissue-specific proteins, and so generate predominantly extremely conservative proteins.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 26 (1987), S. 43-51 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Dietary protein ; Vitamin A ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß von Qualität und Quantität von Nahrungsproteinen auf die Verteilung einer einzigen massiven Dosis von Vitamin A in verschiedenen Organen wachsender Wistar-Ratten untersucht. Die Untersuchungen wurden mit Casein- und Bengal-Gram-Diäten mit 20 % und 10 % Proteingehalt und auch mit radioaktiv markiertem Retinylacetat durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Leberspeicherung sowohl von Vitamin A aus der Nahrung als auch die einer einzigen starken Vitamin-A-Gabe (20 000 I.U.) stark herabgesetzt war bei Ratten, die nach der Bengal-Gram-Diät gefüttert wurden, verglichen mit Ratten, die auf Casein-Diät gesetzt waren. Im Gegensatz zur Leberspeicherung ist das Vitamin-A-Niveau im Plasma in allen Gruppen vergleichbar. Füttern niedriger Protein-Qualität reduzierte die Gewebeverteilung von [3H]-Retinylacetat sowohl bei Kontrollratten als auch bei solchen, denen eine massive Dosis Vitamin A gegeben wurde. Diese Untersuchung läßt vermuten, daß sowohl schlechte Qualität als auch unzureichende Mengen von Nahrungsproteinen nachteilige Einflüsse auf den Vitamin-A-Zustand wachsender Ratten haben.
    Notes: Summary The influence of the quality and the quantity of dietary proteins on the distribution of a single massive dose of vitamin A in various organs of growing Wistar strain rats has been studied by using casein and bengal gram diets at 20 % and 10 % protein levels. The distribution of [3H]-retinyl acetate in various tissues was also investigated in these dietary conditions. The results show that the hepatic storage of dietary as well as a single massive dose (20,000 I.U.) of vitamin A was profoundly decreased in the rats fed on bengal gram diets as compared to those fed on casein diets. Regardless of hepatic stores, the plasma vitamin A levels were comparable in all the groups. Feeding of low quality of protein reduced the tissue distribution of [3H]-retinyl acetate in control as well as rats given a massive dose of vitamin A. This study suggests that both the poor quality and the inadequate quantity of dietary protein are detrimental influences on the vitamin A status of the growing rats.
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