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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    COACH: A tutor based on active schemas (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 2 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The Coach system, a computer simulation of a human tutor, was constructed with the goal of obtaining a better understanding of how a tutor interprets the student's behavior, diagnoses difficulties, and gives advice. Coach gives advice to a student who is learning a simple computer programming language. Its intelligence is based on a hierarchy of active schemas that represent the tutor's general concepts and on more specific information represented in a semantic network. The coordination of conceptually guided and data-driven processing enables the Coach system to interpret student behavior, recognize errors, and give advice to the student.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1986.tb00076.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Learning rules for graph transformations by induction from examples (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 2 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The input to the described program, in learning mode, consists of examples of starting graph and result graph pairs. The starting graph is transformable into the result graph by adding or deleting certain edges and vertices. The essential common features of the starting graphs are stored together with specifications of the edges and vertices to be deleted or added. This latter information is obtained by mapping each starting graph onto the corresponding result graph. On subsequent input of similar starting graphs without a result graph, the program, in performance mode, recognizes the characterizing set of features in the starting graph and can perform the proper transformation on the starting graph to obtain the corresponding result graph. The program also adds the production to its source code so that after recompilation it is permanently endowed with the new production. If any feature which lacks the property “ordinary” is discovered in the starting graph and only one example has been given, then there is feedback to the user including a request for more examples to ascertain whether the extraordinary property is a necessary part of the situation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1986.tb00084.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Possible events, actual events, and robots (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 1 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: To plan means reasoning about possible actions, but a robot must also reason about actual events. This paper proposes a formal theory about actual and possible events. It presents a new modal logic as a notation for this theory and a technique for planning in the modal logic using a first-order theorem prover augmented with simple modal reasoning. This avoids the need for a general modal-logic theorem prover. Adding beliefs to this theory raises an interesting problem for which the paper offers a tentative solution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1985.tb00059.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spatiotemporal inseparability in early vision: centre-surround models and velocity selectivity (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 1 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Several computational theories of early visual processing, such as Marr's zero-crossing theory, are biologically motivated and based largely on the well-known difference of Gaussians (DOG) receptive-field model of retinal processing. We examine the physiological relevance of the DOG, particularly in the light of evidence indicating significant spatiotemporal inseparability in the behaviour of retinal cell types. From the form of the inseparability we find that commonly accepted functional interpretations of retinal processing based on the DOG, such as the Laplacian of a Gaussian and zero crossings, are not valid for time-varying images. In contrast to current machine-vision approaches, which attempt to separate form and motion information at an early stage, it appears that this is not the case in biological systems. It is further shown that the qualitative form of this inseparability provides a convenient precursor to the extraction of both form and motion information. We show the construction of efficient mechanisms for the extraction of orientation and two-dimensional normal velocity through the use of a hierarchical computational framework. The resultant mechanisms are well localized in space-time and can be easily tuned to various degrees of orientation and speed specificity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1985.tb00062.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Explicitly biased generalization (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: During incremental concept learning from examples, tentative hypotheses are formed and then modified to form new hypotheses. When there is a choice among hypotheses, bias is used to express a preference. Bias may be expressed by the choice of hypothesis language, it may be implemented as an evaluation function for selecting among hypotheses already generated, or it may consist of screening potential hypotheses prior to hypothesis generation. This paper describes the use of the third method. Bias is represented explicitly both as assumptions that reduce the space of potential hypotheses and as procedures for testing these assumptions. There are advantages gained by using explicit assumptions. One advantage is that the assumptions are meta-level hypotheses that are used to generate future, as well as to select between current, inductive hypotheses. By testing these meta-level hypotheses, a system gains the power to anticipate the form of future hypotheses. Furthermore, rigorous testing of these meta-level hypotheses before using them to generate inductive hypotheses avoids consistency checks of the inductive hypotheses. A second advantage of using explicit assumptions is that bias can be tested using a variety of learning methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00317.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knowledge acquisition by incremental learning from problem-solution pairs (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes LEW (learning by watching), an implementation of a novel learning technique, and discusses its application to the learning of plans. LEW is a domain-independent learning system with user-limited autonomy that is designed to provide robust performance in realistic knowledge acquisition tasks in a variety of domains. It partly automates the knowledge acquisition process for different knowledge types, such as concepts, rules, and plans. The inputs to the system, which we call cues, consist of an environmental component and of pairs containing a problem and its solution. Unlike traditional forms of “learning from examples”, in which the system uses the teacher's answer to improve the result of a prior generalization of an example, LEW treats the problem-solution or question-answer instances, i. e., the cues themselves, as the basic units for generalization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00316.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00319.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An investigation of modal structures as an alternative semantic basis for epistemic logics (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In the past, Kripke structures have been used to specify the semantic theory of various modal logics. More recently, modal structures have been developed as an alternative to Kripke structures for providing the semantics of such logics. While these approaches are equivalent in a certain sense, it has been argued that modal structures provide a more appropriate basis for representing the modal notions of knowledge and belief. Since these notions, rather than the traditional notions of necessity and possibility, are of particular interest to artificial intelligence, it is of interest to examine the applicability and versatility of these structures. This paper presents an investigation of modal structures by examining how they may be extended to account for generalizations of Kripke structures. To begin with, we present an alternative formulation of modal structures in terms of trees; this formulation emphasizes the relation between Kripke structures and modal structures, by showing how the latter may be obtained from the former by means of a three-step transformation. Following this, we show how modal structures may be extended to represent generalizations of possible worlds, and to represent generalizations of accessibility between possible worlds. Lastly, we show how modal structures may be used in the case of a full first-order system. In all cases, the extensions are shown to be equivalent to the corresponding extension of Kripke structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00318.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expressing unrestricted grammars by extended definite clause grammars (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: A definition of extended definite clause grammars and their relationship to unrestricted grammars are presented. A method for translating extended definite clause grammars describing unrestricted grammars into executable prolog programs is given. Three different parsing techniques are presented, and for each a complete presentation of how to incorporate unrestricted grammars in the actual formalism is done. Extended definite clause grammar is a powerful formalism usable for specifying grammars in natural language processing systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00322.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Qualitative data modeling: application of a mechanism for interpreting graphical data (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes a qualitative technique for interpreting graphical data. Given a set of numerical observations regarding the behaviour of a system, its attributes can be determined by plotting the data and qualitatively comparing the shape of the resulting graph with graphs of system behaviour models. Qualitative data modeling incorporates techniques from pattern recognition and qualitative reasoning to characterize observed data, generate hypothetical interpretations, and select models that best fit the shape of the data. Domain-specific knowledge may be used to substantiate or refute the likelihood of hypothesized interpretations. The basic data modeling technique is domain independent and is applicable to a wide range of problems. It is illustrated here in the context of a knowledge-based system for well test interpretation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00320.x
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Curved Mondrians: shading analysis of patterned objects (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Most shape-from-shading methods assume that surface reflectance is constant within large image regions. This assumption is violated in natural scenes with objects made from different materials. We present a more general method for recovering shape from shading, assuming that surfaces are smooth and albedo is piecewise constant, as would be the case if a Mondrian image was painted on a smooth curved surface. Our method is based on combining Brooks and Horn's method for shape recovery with the recovery of albedo using stochastic relaxation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00321.x
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of multilayer networks for the recognition of phonetic features and phonemes (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Artificial neural networks capable of doing hard learning offer a new way to undertake automatic speech recognition. The Boltzmann machine algorithm and the error back-propagation algorithm have been used to perform speaker normalization. Spectral segments are represented by spectral lines. Speaker-independent recognition of place of articulation for vowels is performed on lines. Performance of the networks is shown to depend on the coding of the input data. Samples were extracted from continuous speech of 38 speakers. The error rate obtained (4.2% error on test set of 72 samples with the Boltzmann machine and 6.9% error with error back-propagation) is better than that of previous experiments, using the same data, with continuous Hidden Markov Models (7.3% error on test set and 3% error on training set). These experiments are part of an attempt to construct a data-driven speech recognition system with multiple neural networks specialized to different tasks. Results are also reported on the recognition performance of other trained networks, such as one trained on the E-set consonants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00323.x
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Likelihood, probability, and knowledge (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The modal logic LL was introduced by Halpern and Rabin as a means of doing qualitative reasoning about likelihood. Here the relationship between LL and probability theory is examined. It is shown that there is a way of translating probability assertions into LL in a sound manner, so that LL in some sense can capture the probabilistic interpretation of likelihood. However, the translation is subtle; several more obvious attempts are shown to lead to inconsistencies. We also extend LL by adding modal operators for knowledge. This allows us to reason about the interaction between knowledge and likelihood. The propositional version of the resulting logic LLK is shown to have a complete axiomatization and to be decidable in exponential time, provably the best possible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00325.x
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A model for reasoning about persistence and causation (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Reasoning about change requires predicting how long a proposition, having become true, will continue to be so. Lacking perfect knowledge, an agent may be constrained to believe that a proposition persists indefinitely simply because there is no way for the agent to infer a contravening proposition with certainty. In this paper, we describe a model of causal reasoning that accounts for knowledge concerning cause-and-effect relationships and knowledge concerning the tendency for propositions to persist or not as a function of time passing. Our model has a natural encoding in the form of a network representation for probabilistic models. We consider the computational properties of our model by reviewing recent advances in computing the consequences of models encoded in this network representation. Finally, we discuss how our probabilistic model addresses certain classical problems in temporal reasoning (e. g., the frame and qualification problems).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00324.x
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Constructive belief and rational representation (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: It is commonplace in artificial intelligence to divide an agent's explicit beliefs into two parts: the beliefs explicitly represented or manifest in memory, and the implicitly represented or constructive beliefs that are repeatedly reconstructed when needed rather than memorized. Many theories of knowledge view the relation between manifest and constructive beliefs as a logical relation, with the manifest beliefs representing the constructive beliefs through a logic of belief. This view, however, limits the ability of a theory to treat incomplete or inconsistent sets of beliefs in useful ways. We argue that a more illuminating view is that belief is the result of rational representation. In this theory, the agent obtains its constructive beliefs by using its manifest beliefs and preferences to rationally (in the sense of decision theory) choose the most useful conclusions indicated by the manifest beliefs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1989.tb00311.x
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comments on Cheeseman: why plausible reasoning ≠ Bayesian inference (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00103.x
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Probability theory versus procedural pessimism (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00105.x
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    OBADE: cognitive modelling with objects (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: We realize a computer simulation of children's reasoning in arithmetic word problem solving. The model parses the terms provided to the system in natural language and, while it performs this task, it tries to build its representation of the described situation by the way that the child elaborates a mental problem representation. This image results from three components: semantic knowledge, text comprehension process, and problem-solving strategies.We emphasize the adequacy, on one hand, between the knowledge representation and manipulation by an object formalism and, on the other hand, between the structure and the use of knowledge interacting in this application.The specific aspect of our model is that the internal representation is realized in an object-oriented language whose main properties are accurately exploited. This choice allows one to combine the descriptive characteristics of each piece of knowledge with its implication in the progress of the process.The program is supported by the analysis of individual protocols of some children: they allow us to hypothesize on the way the children modify their problem representation during the solving task.We describe the main objects of the model. Then we simulate on the terms of a problem, the way that the process is driven by expectations of contextually relevant information.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00117.x
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the consistency of knowledge bases: the COVADIS system (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: It is currently thought in the knowledge-based systems (KBS) domain that sophisticated tools are necessary for helping an expert with the difficult task of knowledge acquisition. The problem of detecting inconsistencies is especially crucial. The risk of inconsistencies increases with the size of the knowledge base; for large knowledge bases, detecting inconsistencies “by hand” or even by a superficial survey of the knowledge base is impossible. Indeed, most inconsistencies are due to the interaction between several rules via often deep deductions. In this paper, we first state the problem and define our approach in the framework of classical logic. We then describe a complete method to prove the consistency (or the inconsistency) of knowledge bases that we have implemented in the COVADIS system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00119.x
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On fuzzy syllogisms (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper provides a systematic treatment of possibly imprecisely or vaguely specified numerical quantifiers in default syllogisms, following an approach initiated by Zadeh. The obtained propagation rules are derived from simple properties of relative cardinality or, equivalently, conditional probability. Uncertainty in the description of numerical quantifiers is handled using possibility theory and, particularly, fuzzy arithmetic. The advantages of this default reasoning method are its ability to model any kind of quantifier and to build new defaults by chaining existing ones, in a rigorous manner. This approach also emphasizes the difference between two types of uncertain pieces of knowledge, i.e., conjectures versus general rules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00120.x
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Towards an analyzer (parser) in a machine translation system based on ideas from expert systems (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: GETA (Groupe d'études pour la traduction automatique) is a research team working basically in the domain of machine translation. GETA's software system, ARIANE-78, has been tested over various pairs of relatively unrelated languages. Being a product of the late seventies, the system misses out on some of the artificial intelligence technology, particularly that of the eighties. Nevertheless, GETA carries out some research related to artificial intelligence within a general effort to bring improvements to the current system. This paper reports on an effort to embed such work within the framework of an entirely new system based on ideas from expert systems, significantly departing from the methodology of the current system (and that of other currently implemented machine translation systems). The proposed architecture aims for total modularity and flexibility and some degree of intelligence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00121.x
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A question-answering system for the French Yellow Pages (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes a dialogue-based system which is intended as an intelligent natural language interface to the French Yellow Pages. We do not assume that the user knows how the Yellow Pages are organized, and we paraphrase his request, if necessary, so as to better search for the desired information. We do, however, assume that the reason the user is on line is to find an address and phone number for some supplier.There are three basic modules used in our system: parser, dialogue manager, and generator. The first two exist (and are constantly being extended); the generation module is still only a set of functional specifications which will be outlined later in this article.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00122.x
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Logical omniscience, semantics, and models of belief (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Logical omniscience may be described (roughly) as the state of affairs in which an agent explicitly believes anything which is logically entailed by that agent's beliefs. It is widely agreed that humans are not logically omniscient, and that an adequate formal model of belief, coupled with a correct semantic theory, would not entail logical omniscience. Recently, two prominent models of belief have emerged which purport both to avoid logical omniscience and to provide an intuitively appealing semantics. The first of these models is due to Levesque (1984b); the second to Fagin and Halpem (1985). It is argued herein that each of these models faces serious difficulties. Detailed criticisms are presented for each model, and a computationally oriented theory of intensions is presented which provides the foundation for a new formal model of belief. This formal model is presented in a decidable subset of first-order logic and is shown to provide a solution to the general problem of logical omniscience. The model provides for the possibility of belief revision and places no a priori restrictions upon an agent's representation language.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00087.x
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  • 24
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    The consistency of syntactical treatments of knowledge (How to compile quantificational modal logics into classical FOL) (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The relative expressive power of a sentential operator □α is compared to that of a syntactical predicate L(‘α’) in the setting of first-order logics. Despite well-known results by Montague and by Thomason that claim otherwise, any of the so-called “modal” logics of knowledge and belief can be compiled into classical first-order logics that have a corresponding predicate on sentences. Moreover, through the use of a partial truth predicate, the standard modal axiom schemata can be translated into single sentences, making it possible to use conventional first-order logic theorem provers to directly derive results in a wide class of modal logics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00088.x
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  • 25
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    Digitale Medien
    Learning and discovery: one system's search for mathematical knowledge (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The Graph Theorist, GT, is a system that performs mathematical research in graph theory. From the definitions in its input knowledge base, GT constructs examples of mathematical concepts, conjectures and proves mathematical theorems about concepts, and discovers new concepts. Discovery is driven both by examples and by definitional form. The discovery processes construct a semantic net that links all of GT's concepts together.Each definition is an algebraic expression whose semantic interpretation is a stylized algorithm to generate a class of graphs correctly and completely. From a knowledge base of these concept definitions, GT is able to conjecture and prove such theorems as “The set of acyclic, connected graphs is precisely the set of trees” and “There is no odd-regular graph on an odd number of vertices.” GT explores new concepts either to develop an area of knowledge or to link a newly acquired concept into a pre-existing knowledge base. New concepts arise from the specialization of an existing concept, the generalization of an existing concept, and the merger of two or more existing concepts. From an initial knowledge base containing only the definition of “graph,” GT discovers such concepts as acyclic graphs, connected graphs, and bipartite graphs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00089.x
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  • 26
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    Digitale Medien
    Automatic program debugging for intelligent tutoring systems (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Program debugging is an important part of the domain expertise required for intelligent tutoring systems that teach programming languages. This article explores the process by which student programs can be automatically debugged in order to increase the instructional capabilities of these systems. The research presented provides a methodology and implementation for the diagnosis and correction of nontrivial recursive programs. In this approach, recursive programs are debugged by repairing induction proofs in the Boyer-Moore logic. The induction proofs constructed and debugged assert the computational équivalence of student programs to correct exemplar solutions. Exemplar solutions not only specify correct implementations but also provide correct code to replace buggy student code. Bugs in student code are repaired with heuristics that attempt to minimize the scope of repair.The automated debugging of student code is greatly complicated by the tremendous variability that arises in student solutions to nontrivial tasks. This variability can be coped with, and debugging performance improved, by explicit reasoning about computational semantics during the debugging process. This article supports these claims by discussing the design, implementation, and evaluation of Talus, an automatic debugger for LISP programs, and by examining related work in automated program debugging.Talus relies on its abilities to reason about computational semantics to perform algorithm recognition, infer code teleology, and to automatically detect and correct nonsyntactic errors in student programs written in a restricted, but nontrivial, subset of LISP. Solutions can vary significantly in algorithm, functional decomposition, role of variables, data flow, control flow, values returned by functions, LISP primitives used, and identifiers used. Solutions can consist of multiple functions, each containing multiple bugs. Empiricial evaluation demonstrates that Talus achieves high performance in debugging widely varying student solutions to challenging tasks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00169.x
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  • 27
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    Digitale Medien
    An architecture for a self-improving instructional planner for intelligent tutoring systems (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Machine instructional planners use changing and uncertain data to incrementally configure plans and control the execution and dynamic refinement of these plans. Current instructional planners cannot adequately plan, replan, and monitor the delivery of instruction. This is due in part to the fact that current instructional planners are incapable of planning in a global context, developing competing plans in parallel, monitoring their planning behavior, and dynamically adapting their control behavior. In response to these and other deficiencies of instructional planners a generic system architecture based on the blackboard model was implemented. This self-improving instructional planner (SUP) dynamically creates instructional plans, requests execution of these plans, replans, and improves its planning behavior based on a student's responses to tutoring. Global planning was facilitated by explicitly representing decisions about past, current, and future plans on a global data structure called the plan blackboard. Planning in multiple worlds is facilitated by labeling plan decisions by the context in which they were generated. Plan monitoring was implemented as a set of monitoring knowledge sources. The flexible control capability for instructional planner was adapted from the blackboard architecture BB1. The explicit control structure of SUP enabled complex and flexible planning behavior while maintaining a simple planning architecture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00170.x
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  • 28
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    Digitale Medien
    Meaning representation in Montague grammar and situation semantics (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper compares certain aspects of situation semantics and Montague grammar and points out some issues related to natural language programming. It provides and introduction to certain basic concepts of situation semantics and makes some tentative claims about possible advantages of situation semantics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00172.x
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  • 29
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    Digitale Medien
    A critique of pure reason (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00183.x
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  • 30
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    Digitale Medien
    The myth of the one true logic (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00187.x
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  • 31
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    Digitale Medien
    Logic and explanation (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00188.x
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  • 32
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    Digitale Medien
    Commentary on McDermott (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00200.x
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  • 33
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    Digitale Medien
    The use of logic (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00202.x
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    Digitale Medien
    Must logicists become programmers? (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00203.x
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  • 35
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    The logicist conception of knowledge is too narrow—but so is McDermott's (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00204.x
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  • 36
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    Digitale Medien
    Two lessons of logic (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00206.x
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  • 37
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    Digitale Medien
    Similarity-based learning and its extensions (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper synthesizes a number of approaches to concept representation and learning in a multilayered model. The paper emphasizes what has been called similarity-based learning (SBL) from examples, although this review is extended to address wider issues. The paper pays particular attention to requirements for incremental and uncertain environments, and to interrelationships among concept purpose, concept representation, and concept learning.One goal of the paper is to unite some of the notions underlying recent research, in an attempt to construct a more complete and extensible framework. This framework is designed to capture representations and methods such as those based on hypothesis search and bias selection, and to extend the ideas for greater system capability. This leads to a specific perspective for multilayered learning which has several advantages, such as greater clarity, more uniform learning, and more powerful induction.The approach clarifies and unifies various aspects of the problem of concept learning. Some results'are (1) Various concept representations (such as logic, prototypes, and decision trees) are subsumed by a standard form which is well suited to learning, particularly in incremental and uncertain environments; (2) Concept learning may be enhanced by exploiting a particular phenomenon in many spaces-this phenomenon is a certain kind of smoothness or regularity, one instance of which underlies the similarity in SBL systems; (3) The paper treats the phenomenon in a general way and applies it hierarchically. This has various advantages of uniformity. For example the model allows layered learning algorithms for concept learning all to be instantiations of one basic algorithm. A single kind of representation (an instantiation of the standard form) is prominent at each level. The combination of representation and algorithm allows fast, accurate, concise, and robust concept learning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00213.x
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  • 38
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    Digitale Medien
    Learning to control a dynamic physical system (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper presents an approach to learning to control a dynamic physical system. The approach has been implemented in a program named CART, and applied to a simple physical system studied previously by several researchers. Experiments illustrate that a control method is learned in about 16 trials, an improvement over previous learning programs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00219.x
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  • 39
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    Digitale Medien
    A foundational approach to autonomous knowledge acquisition (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: A formal, foundational approach to autonomous knowledge acquisition is presented. In particular, “learning from examples” and “learning from being told” and the relation of these approaches to first-order representation systems are investigated. It is assumed initially that the only information available for acquisition is a stream of facts, or ground atomic formulae, describing a domain. On the basis of this information, hypotheses expressed in set-theoretic terms and concerning the application domain may be proposed. As further instances are received, the hypothesized relations may be modified or discarded, and new relations formed. The intent though is to characterize those hypotheses that may potentially be formed, rather than to specify the subset of the hypotheses that, for whatever reason, should be held.Formal systems are derived by means of which the set of potential hypotheses is precisely specified, and a procedure is derived for restoring the consistency of a set of hypotheses after conflicting evidence is encountered. In addition, this work is extended to where a learning system may be “told” arbitrary sentences concerning a domain. Included in this is an investigation of the relation between acquiring knowledge and reasoning deductively. However, the interaction of these approaches leads to immediate difficulties which likely require informal, pragmatic techniques for their resolution. The overall framework is intended both as a foundation for investigating autonomous approaches to learning and as a basis for the development of such autonomous systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00218.x
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  • 40
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    Digitale Medien
    A computational theory of motor learning (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper we present a computational theory of human motor performance and learning. The theory is implemented as a running AI system called MAGGIE. Given a description of a desired movement as input, the system generates simulated motor behavior as output. The theory states mat skills are encoded as motor schemas, which specify the positions and velocities of a limb at selected points in time. Moreover, there exist two natural representations for such knowledge; viewer-centered schemas describe visually perceived behavior, arid joint-centered schemas are used to generate behavior. When the model acts upon these two representational formats, they exhibit quite different behavioral characteristics. MAGGIE performs the desired movement within a feedback control paradigm, monitoring for errors and correcting them when it detects them. Learning involves improving the joint-centered schema over many practice trials; this reduces the need for monitoring. The model accounts for a number of well-documented motor phenomena, including the speed-accuracy trade-off and the gradual improvement in performance with practice. It also makes several testable predictions. We close with a discussion of the theory's strengths and weaknesses, along with directions for future research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00220.x
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  • 41
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    Digitale Medien
    A reasoning-based approach to machine learning (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes a novel approach to machine learning, based on the principle of learning by reasoning. Current learning systems have significant limitations such as brittleness, i.e., the deterioration of performance on a different domain or problem and lack of power required for handling real-world learning problems. The goal of our research was to develop an approach in which many of these limitations are overcome in a unified, coherent and general framework. Our learning approach is based on principles of reasoning, such as the discovery of the underlying principle and the recognition of the deeper basis of similarity, which is somewhat akin to human learning. In this paper, we argue the importance of these principles and tie the limitations of current systems to the lack of application of these principles. We then present the technique developed and illustrate it on a learning problem not directly solvable by previous approaches.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00221.x
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  • 42
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    Digitale Medien
    Expression of syntactic and semantic features in logic-based grammars (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 2 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper, we introduce and initiate a formalism to represent syntactic and semantic features in logic-based grammars. We also introduce technical devices to express feature-checking and feature-inheritance mechanisms. This leads us to propose some extensions to the basic unification mechanism of PROLOG. Finally, we consider the problem of long-distance dependency relations between constituents in gapping grammars rules from the point of view of morphosyntactic features that may change depending on the position occupied by the moved constituents. What we propose is not a new linguistic theory about features, but rather a formalism and a set of tools that we think will be useful to grammar writers to describe features and their relations in grammar rules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1986.tb00066.x
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  • 43
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    Digitale Medien
    An expert system for experimental design in off-line quality control (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Robust design is an efficient method for designing high quality products at low cost. The method examines the effect of a large number of design factors on the variability of a product's response due to various sources of disturbance. This effect can be observed efficiently by studying a large number of variables simultaneously through balanced, orthogonal array experiments, and by analyzing the resulting data using variance decomposition methods. In this paper we describe an expert system prototype for designing efficient experiments. Given the information on various parameters and their levels, the system designs an experiment using orthogonal arrays. This expert system is implemented in Prolog, which is a logic programming language for artificial intelligence research and expert systems development. The system was implemented under the P-Shell knowledge programming environment on UNIX.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00148.x
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  • 44
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    Digitale Medien
    AIME‘89, Second European Conference on AI in Medicine, City University, London, 27–31 August 1989 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00153.x
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  • 45
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    Digitale Medien
    Human operators and real-time expert systems (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper describes and examines real-time expert systems from the perspective of their users. It categorizes real-time expert systems according to a three-component system consisting of an expert system, a user and a process being controlled, by considering all possible arrangements of information flow between the components, and uses this classification as a basis for reviewing real-time expert systems. The focus of interest lies in those characteristics of real-time expert systems which impinge on users, especially as they have been discussed by computer scientists. After critically examining these claims, the paper discusses the interaction between systems and users at the perceptual/motor, cognitive and supervisory levels. It concludes by arguing that the successful design and installation of real-time expert systems require the application of ergonomics techniques to provide for efficient and accurate user-system interaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00147.x
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  • 46
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    Digitale Medien
    XpertRule advanced (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: XpertRule is an expert-systems development environment authored by Dr Akeel Al-Attar. It runs on IBM PC, XT and AT computers and close compatibles. This review was carried out on an Opus V AT-class machine running at 10 Mhz with EGA, 1 Mb RAM and a 30Mb hard disk. The package costs £995 and can be obtained from Attar Software Ltd, Newlands Road, Leigh, Lancashire WN7 4HN, England. Tel: +44 (0)942 608844.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00151.x
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  • 47
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    Digitale Medien
    Collating real-time market indicators through a temporal paradigm (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This is an endeavour to amalgamate temporal logics with financial problems. By utilising real strategies, it takes cognisance that ‘generic’ trading systems can be creative. In the financial market, time is a critical vector. Accordingly, trading decisions have to be specific and any advice controlled. Reichgelt's two-tier reified temporal logic seems to offer a favourable pliancy for tracking such a capricious market. The external modal language, TM, is friendly and simple but expressive. It allows the outside world to be related by three primitives: AT, P(ast) and F(uture). The internal meta-language, TR, permitting time points, allows TM's effect to be developed with precision.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00150.x
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  • 48
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    Digitale Medien
    Interviewed for Expert Systems by Kenneth Owen (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00154.x
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  • 49
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    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Book reviewed in this article:Applications of expert systems: Volume 2. J. Ross Quinlan (Ed.).Expert Systems Architectures, L. Johnson and E. T. Keravnou.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00156.x
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  • 50
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    Digitale Medien
    LUCVAR: a computer-based consultation system for selecting lucerne (alfalfa) varieties (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Computer operated knowledge bases provide a means of rapidly providing agricultural producers with concise up-to-date information, which can be used to assist their decision making process. This paper reports on one such system, LUCVAR, which provides advice on the best lucerne varieties for a farmer to grow. The development and organisation of the knowledge base are outlined and examples are used to show the rule structures. A sample consultation is provided to demonstrate the interactive nature of the knowledge base.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00360.x
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  • 51
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    Digitale Medien
    Seventh annual conference on applied experimental psychology, Friday 5 May 1989, Adelphi University, New York, USA; Expert systems and the psychology of expertise (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00364.x
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development tools (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00366.x
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lisp news (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00367.x
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  • 54
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    Digitale Medien
    PEOPL: A knowledge-based system for the evaluation of personnel (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A project is underway to increase the effective use of personnel by creating a knowledge-based assistant for supervisors. The Programmed Evaluation of Personnel (PEOPL) is designed to permit the combination of quantitative and qualitative data to standardize supervisory ratings. The full scope of the project will combine subjective experience with data from psychological research which assesses employee performance. Peopl combines heuristic, subjective experience with experimental data to establish performance standards for use in a comprehensive system for personnel use. In this way, organizations can assess corporate needs, evaluate the current pool of employees, place them where they may be used more efficiently, and determine what jobs remain undone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00080.x
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert systems in the United Kingdom: an evaluation of development methodologies (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper discusses the results of a survey of ES producers conducted between October 1987 and June 1988 as part of a British Library Research and Development Department funded project. The survey aimed to establish the nature and scope of ES projects in Britain, the skills and methodologies used in their development and the background and experience of the personnel employed to develop them. A major part of the survey focused on the human input and organisational impact of ESs and this paper summarises the findings of the survey with particular reference to these issues. It includes details of the organisational background of those working in the area; a review of the nature, number and scope of ES projects in Britain; consultation procedures with both users and experts; the knowledge engineering task and methodologies currently used in undertaking it; the skills and attributes of the knowledge engineer; issues of updating and extending ESs; and hopes, projections and expectations for the future.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00082.x
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  • 56
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    Digitale Medien
    Neural Works Professional II (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Neural Works Professional II is a neuro-computing development environment authored by Casimir ‘Casey’ Klimasauskas of Neural Ware Inc. It runs on IBM PC, XT and AT computers and close compatibles under MS/DOS 2.0 or higher. This review was carried out on an Opus V AT-class machine running at 10 Mhz with EGA, 1 Mb RAM and a 30-megabyte hard disk. The package costs $2250 (there is a Sun/Unix version at /2600), and can be obtained from Neural Ware Inc., 103 Buckskin Court, Sewickley, PA 15143, USA. Tel: (412) 741-5959. In the United Kingdom the price is £ 1350 and it is distributed by Scientific Computers Ltd., Victoria Road, Burgess Hill, Sussex, RH15 9LW, England. Tel: (04446) 5101.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00085.x
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hardware news (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00089.x
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert Systems‘88 (Brighton, 12–15 December 1988) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00075.x
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development Tools (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00079.x
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  • 60
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    Digitale Medien
    The Trainee Teacher Support System: an expert system for advising trainee teachers on their classroom practice. (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 5 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The Trainee Teacher Support System (TTSS) is a computer based advisory system for trainee teachers. Development work, in the form of a feasibility study, has been conducted over the past three years. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the application of expert systems technology and artificial intelligence techniques to the formalisation of experienced teachers’ knowledge of classroom practice. The domain chosen is that of the school based ‘teacher-tutor’, responsible for guiding and advising the trainee teacher. The TTSS embodies a model of processes which underly classroom events. It has a knowledge base of rules, accumulates a database of facts and has a rule implementation program. It is undergoing continued development in order to capture the teacher-tutor's understanding of classroom dynamics on a finer timescale.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1988.tb00348.x
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Book reviewd in this article: The Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence. (two volumes). Ed. S. C. Shapiro und D. Eckroth. Expert Systems 1986, Volume 1: the USA and Canada. J. Hewett and R. Susson, Ovum, 1986. Commercial Expert Systems in Europe. J. Newett, S. Timms and G. d'Aumale, Ovum, 1986.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00218.x
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  • 62
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    Digitale Medien
    The problem of implicit knowledge (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Recognising the existence of different forms of knowledge is a first step towards effective knowledge elicitation. This article takes a brief look at some of the different types of knowledge which human experts possess and then focusses on the problem of implicit knowledge.The fact that much of an expert's knowledge is implicit or tacit in nature is a major problem for those working in the area of knowledge elicitation. Despite this, the topic has attracted little discussion or research. The present article reviews some of the limited literature on the topic and attempts to settle some of the confusion over what implicit knowledge is, or might be. Relevant experiments from the psychological literature are discussed. The paper also looks at possible ways of assessing implicit knowledge and makes recommendations for future research in this area.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00138.x
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  • 63
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    Digitale Medien
    Expertise in assessing solvency problems (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The nature of expertise required in evaluating an economic entity's solvency position is investigated. The decision perspective chosen is that of the independent auditor as s/ he ponders the appropriate opinion to render on the financial statements of an entity in financial distress. Verbal protocols were collected from two Big Eight public accounting firm audit partners with experience in making this type of decision. A comprehensive, two part case was designed reflecting the information available to the auditor at separate two points in time. The protocol analysis yielded several levels of representation. The first was a general model of the opinion decision which, in effect, suggested that a ‘normative model’ of the entity under evaluation was constructed and then compared with the actual information about the entity. The process appeared somewhat akin to medical diagnosis. The next level of analysis involved the general classifications of technical knowledge which represented primitive or intermediate decisions within a hierarchical branching structure. Seven major technical model classifications were identified. The next level was referred to as the IF-THEN rule categories representing decision expertise. General categories included knowledge of business, knowledge of accounting/auditing and current state indicators. These represent the general framework within which the technical knowledge was instantiated. Five primary category frequencies were identified: comparison, evaluation, scenario, rule and recall/review.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00140.x
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RECENT ARTICLES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00145.x
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  • 65
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    Digitale Medien
    News (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00144.x
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  • 66
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    Digitale Medien
    Supporting the programmer of a rule based language (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: In this paper we take up the plight of the programmer of a rule based language. Our focus is on the type of development environment that is most supportive of such programmers. Our view will be that programming is programming, whether it be with a rule based, functional or imperative language. While it is true that rule based languages have strong links to the Expert Systems field, our discussion in this paper has less to do with ‘expert systems’ per se/〉, and more to do with the view of rule based languages as yet another computational paradigm, often included under the same roof with non-rule-based languages. Just as programming environment research has progressed for non-rule-based languages, we would like to build more powerful environments in the rule based world as well. We report here on an attempt to build such an environment./〉
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00131.x
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  • 67
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    Digitale Medien
    News (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00135.x
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RECENT ARTICLES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00136.x
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  • 69
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    Digitale Medien
    An integrated knowledge representation scheme for expert systems (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of knowledge representation for an expert system is to specify functions to be performed by the system. In this paper, a knowledge representation scheme which mutually combines procedures, functions, production rules and Horn clauses is outlined. Its knowledge representation model is an imaginary organisation for performing functions of a target system, where a number of members try to solve given problems systematically. Knowledge is distributed to each of the members with considerable modularity. Functional specification of expert systems would be performed with less difficulty.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00410.x
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  • 70
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    Digitale Medien
    Software Review Expertech Xi Plus (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Xi Plus is an expert systems development tool supplied by Expertech Ltd. It costs $1,250 (in the United States) or $1,250 (in Europe), and is intended for IBM-compatible personal computers. It may be obtained from: Expertech Ltd., Expertech House, 172 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3XE, England. Tel: 0753 821321.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00412.x
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  • 71
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    Conference Report AI Europa‘86 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00413.x
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  • 72
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    Digitale Medien
    Reducing complexity by rejecting the consultation model as a basis for the design of expert systems (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 3 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1986.tb00205.x
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  • 73
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    Digitale Medien
    American Association For Artificial Intelligence Conference, Philadelphia, 11–15 August 1986. (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 3 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1986.tb00208.x
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  • 74
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    Digitale Medien
    NEWS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 3 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1986.tb00210.x
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  • 75
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    Digitale Medien
    Dr Donald Waterman (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00130.x
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  • 76
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    Digitale Medien
    KEE (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: KEE is produced by IntelliCorp Inc., 1975 El Camino Real West, Mountain View, CA 94040-2216, USA and IntelliCorp Ltd., Runnymede Malthouse, Runnymede Road, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9BO, England.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00134.x
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  • 77
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    Expert systems and the man-machine interface. Part Two: The user interface. (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 4 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This is the second part of a report which looks at expert systems and the man-machine interface (mmi). The term ‘mmi’ is interpreted in a fairly broad sense to include knowledge acquisition and cognitive aspects of the user interface. Part One of the report (published in the previous issue of Expert Systems) examines what is currently happening in the area of knowledge acquisition in Britain and asks whether it really is the major bottleneck in the production of expert systems.Part Two of the report looks at cognitive aspects of the user interface, including dialogue control, explanation facilities, user models, natural language processing and the effects of new technology. It also considers the very important question of evaluation. Again the report is concerned with what is actually happening in these areas in Britain today.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00408.x
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  • 78
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    Directory of microcomputer-based software for expert systems work (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00475.x
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  • 79
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    Digitale Medien
    Expert systems (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00478.x
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  • 80
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    Digitale Medien
    EXPERT SYSTEMS INTERVIEW (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 3 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1986.tb00200.x
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  • 81
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    Fault diagnosis of a power system based on a description of the structure and function of the relay system (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper proposes a method of fault diagnosis of power systems based on a knowledge-based approach. It makes use of information on relays and circuit breakers. The feature of this method is that the relay sequence is represented by a logical circuit. In this circuit the following two relations are represented; a logical relation between inputs and output of a gate and a connective relation between logical gates. These two relations are expressed by production rules in the knowledge base. When the information from relays and circuit breakers is given to the logical circuit, faulty components are pointed out.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00463.x
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introducing AI to the Professionals (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00466.x
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Product News (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00469.x
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert systems (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00452.x
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microcomputer-based expert systems: where we are, where we are headed (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: While the idea of developing ‘true’ expert systems in the current microcomputer environment continues to be a subject of derision among serious AI researchers, undaunted developers and designers of microcomputer-based systems continue to make progress on the personal computer front. This article presents an overview of the current state of expert systems in a microcomputer environment and then offers some prognostications about the near-term future of expert systems on desktop and personal computers. It is suggested that the history of software developments on the small computers indicates that a pattern of growth exists. If this same pattern is applied to expert systems, the author contends, the near-term future of micro-based knowledge-based systems is at least forecastable if not predictable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00472.x
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RECENT ARTICLES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 3 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1986.tb00196.x
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Auditor: a microcomputer-based expert system to support auditors in the field (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Public accounting firms are beginning to use more sophisticated forms of decision support as competitive pressures rise and technological advances are made. One form of support is the microcomputer-based expert system. This paper describes the development of one such system to aid external auditors in estimating the dollar amount of their client's uncollectible accounts receivable. The resulting system is Auditor, which is based on the general inference engine, AL/X, developed by Michie. The details of the development process from initial interviews to validation are presented. Insights into the process of audit decision making and into the development of microcomputer-based expert system for auditing are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00474.x
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert systems on microcomputers (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The increasing popularity of expert systems has led to a demand to apply expert systems technology in a wide variety of computing environments. As a result, various efforts have been made to implement expert systems on microcomputers. This article reviews some of the ongoing work on tools for the development of microcomputer-based expert systems. Some specific application areas are noted, and a brief discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of implementing expert systems on microcomputers is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00473.x
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lisp news (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00481.x
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recent Articles (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00485.x
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preceptor: a shell for medical expert systems and its application in a study of prognostic indices in stroke (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Preceptor is a shell system for building rule-based expert systems to support clinical decision-making. Its highly-structured knowledge base is designed to reflect the variety of decision-making activities in patient management. We describe Preceptor's knowledge base and dialogue structures, its inference strategies, and its comprehensive facilities for knowledge base creation and management. We report its application in a study of prognostic indices in stroke, and describe our approach to knowledge acquisition in this application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00464.x
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knowledge Base (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00467.x
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conferences, Seminars, Courses (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00470.x
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Texas Instruments enters the AI market (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00465.x
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    EDAAS: an expert system at the US Environmental Protection Agency for avoiding disclosure of confidential business information (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 2 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper describes the design and operation of an expert system used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help screen Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. The system is called the Expert Disclosure Analysis and Avoidance System (EDAAS). It assists public information specialists to determine which information concerning the manufacture and distribution of toxic chemicals may be released to the public without compromising other sensitive company data which EPA is legally obligated to protect from public disclosure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1985.tb00451.x
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knowledge engineering in the computer-aided design of control systems (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: MAID is an expert system for the computer-aided design of control systems. It is developed in conjunction with the successful application of a systematic control system design technique. The design problem has been decomposed into sub-problems, resulting in good modularity of design knowledge. Interactive design and the designer's intuition are emphasized. MAID, which acts as a designer's assistant, was developed using the expert systems development facility provided within a control system design package. The coupling of symbolic and numerical processing was carried out in a natural way.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00149.x
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The validation and testing of medical decision-aids; Meeting held by the British Medical Informatics Society at the IBM (UK) Scientific Centre, Winchester, 22 February 1989 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00152.x
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00155.x
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00157.x
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nestor: Network Engineering System for TOpology and Requirements (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Many large organizations today have an interest in communications networks either as users of public networks or as operators of their own private networks. The environment in which networks operate is extremely complex and very dynamic. Users are becoming more sophisticated, hence, their demands for network services are increasing in complexity. The network technology is changing at an incredible rate, and there is a very large number of hardware and software vendors selling network products and services. In such an environment, network management is of vital importance, yet it is exceedingly difficult to accomplish effectively. Most organizations are finding that there is little available in the market in the way of comprehensive systems which address the complex problems encountered in planning and engineering communications networks. The purpose of this paper is to describe a development effort which treats one important aspect of network design—that of engineering changes in a network subsequent to the initial design. The result of this research is an expert system called Nestor (Network Engineering System for TOpology and Requirements) which is being used by AT&T network engineers to respond to user change requests for a large packet switching network—thirty network switches, fifty mainframe computers, and one hundred and forty thousand terminals and printers. Estimates based on initial experience with the system are that throughput of the engineering group will increase by 500% for network change requests assigned to Nestor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1989.tb00357.x
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