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  • Articles  (1,068)
  • Female  (1,068)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1990-1994  (491)
  • 1980-1984  (577)
  • Medicine  (1,068)
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  • Articles  (1,068)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verapamil induces increased bone volume and osteopenia in female rats but has the opposite effect in male rats (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 524-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Verapamil ; Bone ; Osteopenia ; Rat ; Female ; Intestinal calcium absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Verapamil inhibits the intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca) and increases serum parathyroid hormone in rats. The effects of verapamil on bone tissue after long-term treatment is, however, not well described. Adult female and male Sprague-Dawley rats received verapamil in their drinking water at a dosage of 0.075 mg/ml (low dose) or 0.75 mg/ml (high dose) for 12 weeks; control rats received only drinking water. All rats were fed a diet containing 0.1% Ca and 0.5% P. In female rats, the amount of bone ash per volume was significantly reduced from 0.742 g/ml in controls to 0.713 g/ml after low-dose treatment of verapamil, and to 0.667 g/ml following high-dose treatment (P〈0.01). The tibial length was increased from 39.7 mm in controls to 40.3 mm or to 40.7 mm after low or high doses (P〈0.01). The tibial volume increased from 0.385 ml in controls to 0.397 ml after low doses and to 0.429 ml after high doses (P〈0.01). In contrast, in male rats the amount of bone ash per volume was significantly increased from 0.578 g/ml in controls to 0.580 g/ml after low doses and to 0.620 g/ml after high doses of verapamil (P〈0.01). The tibial bone volume in males as decreased from 0.633 ml in controls to 0.641 ml after low doses and to 0.583 ml after high doses (P〈0.05). The tibial length in the males was not changed by verapamil. The intestinal absorption of Ca was reduced in male rats from 5.28 in controls to 4.03 (serosa/mucosa) after low-dose treatment and to 2.46 after high-dose treatment with verapamil (P〈0.05). In female rats, the intestinal absorption of Ca did not change after verapamil treatment. Thus, chronic treatment with verapamil in female rats induced osteopenia whereas in male rats bone growth was inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582167
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cigarette smoking, steroid hormones, and bone mineral density in young women (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 300-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Female ; Smoking ; Estradiol ; Testosterone ; Sex hormone-binding globulin ; Cortisol ; Bone density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary There are few studies of the effect of smoking on bone density in young women. The reported antiestrogenic effect of smoking could be a mechanism for a possible effect of smoking on bone. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (whole body, proximal femur, lumbar spine), and serum levels (midfollicular phase) of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and cortisol in 52 women (25 smokers, 27 nonsmokers) aged 20–35 years. The two groups did not differ significantly in age, height, weight, or the sum of eight skinfold thicknesses. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years of smoking were 16.9 and 12.9, respectively. There were no significant differences in BMD between smokers and nonsmokers at any site. For both smokers and nonsmokers, SHBG and the free androgen index (T/SHBG) made significant contributions (P〈0.005) to the variance in BMD at all sitesexcept the lumbar spine. The free estradiol index (E2/SHBG) contributed to whole body BMD (P〈0.05). For all subjects, there were significant inverse relationships between SHBG and BMD (P〈0.002), and positive relationships between T/SHBG and BMD (P〈0.02) for all sites except the lumbar spine. These data suggest that moderate smoking in young women is not associated with low BMD at any site. However, smokers had lower free estradiol and higher SHBG, both of which have been related to increased bone loss in older women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301626
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  • 3
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    Breast cancer: two steps closer to understanding (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Female primatologists confer--without men (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dusheck, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1494-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Congresses as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; United States ; *Women
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Acceleration of diabetes in young NOD mice with a CD4+ islet-specific T cell clone (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-21
    Description: Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice develop an autoimmune form of diabetes, becoming hyperglycemic after 3 months of age. This process was accelerated by injecting young NOD mice with CD4+ islet-specific T cell clones derived from NOD mice. Overt diabetes developed in 10 of 19 experimental animals by 7 weeks of age, with the remaining mice showing marked signs of the disease in progress. Control mice did not become diabetic and had no significant pancreatic infiltration. This work demonstrates that a CD4 T cell clone is sufficient to initiate the disease process in the diabetes-prone NOD mouse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haskins, K -- McDuffie, M -- P01 DK40144/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 21;249(4975):1433-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2205920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/analysis/*immunology ; Clone Cells ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology/pathology ; Female ; Islets of Langerhans/*immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    RAG-1 and RAG-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-22
    Description: The vast repertoire of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors is generated, in part, by V(D)J recombination, a series of genomic rearrangements that occur specifically in developing lymphocytes. The recombination activating gene, RAG-1, which is a gene expressed exclusively in maturing lymphoid cells, was previously isolated. RAG-1 inefficiently induced V(D)J recombinase activity when transfected into fibroblasts, but cotransfection with an adjacent gene, RAG-2, has resulted in at least a 1000-fold increase in the frequency of recombination. The 2.1-kilobase RAG-2 complementary DNA encodes a putative protein of 527 amino acids whose sequence is unrelated to that of RAG-1. Like RAG-1, RAG-2 is conserved between species that carry out V(D)J recombination, and its expression pattern correlates precisely with that of V(D)J recombinase activity. In addition to being located just 8 kilobases apart, these convergently transcribed genes are unusual in that most, if not all, of their coding and 3' untranslated sequences are contained in single exons. RAG-1 and RAG-2 might activate the expression of the V(D)J recombinase but, more likely, they directly participate in the recombination reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oettinger, M A -- Schatz, D G -- Gorka, C -- Baltimore, D -- GM39458/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 22;248(4962):1517-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2360047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Cricetinae ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/*genetics ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dogs ; Female ; *Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte ; *Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Nuclear Proteins ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Opossums ; Proteins/*genetics ; Rabbits ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Transfection ; Turtles ; VDJ Recombinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Expression of T cell antigen receptor heterodimers in a lipid-linked form (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: The interaction of the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) with its antigen-major histocompatibility complex ligand is difficult to study because both are cell surface multimers. The TCR consists of two chains (alpha and beta) that are complexed to the five or more nonpolymorphic CD3 polypeptides. A soluble form of the TCR was engineered by replacing the carboxyl termini of alpha and beta with signal sequences from lipid-linked proteins, making them susceptible to enzymatic cleavage. In this manner, TCR heterodimers can be expressed independently of the CD3 polypeptides and in significant quantities (0.5 milligram per week). This technique seems generalizable to biochemical and structural studies of many other cell surface molecules as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, A Y -- Devaux, B -- Green, A -- Sagerstrom, C -- Elliott, J F -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1696397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, CD55 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Cell Line ; Complement Inactivator Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Requirement of ets-2 expression for Xenopus oocyte maturation (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: A molecular clone of the Xenopus laevis ets-2 gene was isolated from an oocyte complementary DNA library. The amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) in each oocyte or embryo was almost constant during oogenesis and was maintained until the blastula stage of embryonic development, indicating that the observed 3.2-kilobase transcript is a maternal message. The only normal adult tissue in which ets-2 mRNA was detected was the ovary. Injection of antisense oligonucleotides homologous to the ets-2 sequence into oocytes led to degradation of the mRNA and blocked hormone-induced germinal vesicle breakdown. The ets-2 product is thus required for the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Z Q -- Burdett, L A -- Seth, A K -- Lautenberger, J A -- Papas, T S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Oocytes/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; *Repressor Proteins ; *Trans-Activators ; *Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Genetic differences in the ethanol sensitivity of GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-07-20
    Description: Animal lines selected for differences in drug sensitivity can be used to help determine the molecular basis of drug action. Long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice differ markedly in their genetic sensitivity to ethanol. To investigate the molecular basis for this difference, mRNA from brains of LS and SS mice was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the ethanol sensitivity of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA)- and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated ion channels was tested. Ethanol facilitated GABA responses in oocytes injected with mRNA from LS mice but antagonized responses in oocytes injected with mRNA from SS animals. Ethanol inhibited NMDA responses equally in the two lines. Thus, genes coding for the GABAA receptor or associated proteins may be critical determinants of individual differences in ethanol sensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wafford, K A -- Burnett, D M -- Dunwiddie, T V -- Harris, R A -- AA03527/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA06399/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 20;249(4966):291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1695761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Brain/*metabolism ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Ion Channels/drug effects/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microinjections ; N-Methylaspartate ; Oocytes/*drug effects/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage/genetics ; Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects/*genetics ; Xenopus ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Human cortical neuronal cell line: establishment from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: A cell line has been established in continuous culture of human cerebral cortical neurons obtained from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly, a disorder associated with continued proliferation of immature neuronal cells. When differentiated in the presence of nerve growth factor, 1-isobutyl-3-methylxanthine, and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), the cells display mature neuronal morphology with numerous long, extensively branched processes with spines and varicosities. The cells stain positively for neurofilament protein and neuron-specific enolase (selective neuronal markers) but are negative for glial markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100, and myelin basic protein. The cells also stain positively for the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-8, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. These cells may facilitate characterization of neurons in the human central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ronnett, G V -- Hester, L D -- Nye, J S -- Connors, K -- Snyder, S H -- DA 00074/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1692158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Brain Diseases/*pathology ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cerebral Cortex/*pathology ; Culture Techniques/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/*pathology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/analysis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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