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  • Articles  (63,724)
  • Springer  (48,946)
  • American Meteorological Society  (10,356)
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  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • 2020-2022  (29,944)
  • 2000-2004  (31,084)
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  • Geosciences  (53,851)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (9,873)
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  • Articles  (63,724)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring bioremediation in creosote-contaminated soils using chemical analysis and toxicity tests (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 132-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: bioremediation; creosote; microbiology; soil contamination; soil toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three soils with a history of creosote contamination (designated NB, TI and AC) were treated in bench-scale microcosms using conditions (nutrient amendment, moisture content and temperature) which had promoted mineralization of 14C-pyrene in a preliminary study. Bioremediation was monitored using the solid-phase Microtox test, seed germination and earthworm survival assays, SOS-chromotest, Toxi-chromotest and a red blood cell (RBC) haemolysis assay. Contaminant concentrations in the AC soil did not change after 150 days. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations decreased in the NB soil, and toxicity decreased overall according to the earthworm, seed germination and Microtox tests. Although total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in the TI soil were reduced following treatment, results of the earthworm, seed germination, RBC and Microtox tests suggested an initial increase in toxicity indicating that toxic intermediary metabolites may have formed during biodegradation. Toxicity testing results did not always correlate with contaminant concentrations, nor were the trends indicated by each test consistent for any one soil. Each test demonstrated a different capacity to detect reductions in soil contamination. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 132–139.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900789
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pH on the biosorption of nickel and other heavy metals by Pseudomonas fluorescens 4F39 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 146-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: nickel; heavy metals; biosorption; pH; accumulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Accumulation of heavy metals by Pseudomonas fluorescens 4F39 was rapid and pH-dependent. The affinity series for bacterial accumulation of metal cations decreased in the order Ni〉〉Hg〉U〉〉As〉Cu〉Cd〉Co〉Cr〉Pb. Metal cations were grouped into those whose accumulation increased as the pH increased, with a maximum accumulation at the pH before precipitation (Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co), and those whose maximum accumulation was not associated with precipitation (Cr, As, U, Hg). High Ni2+ accumulation was studied. Electron microscopy indicated that at pH 9, Ni2+ accumulated on the cell surface as needle and hexagon-like precipitates, whose crystalline structure was confirmed by electron diffraction analysis and corresponded to two different orientations of the nickel hydroxide crystals. Crystals on cells showed marked anisotropy by X-ray powder diffraction, which differentiated them from crystals observed in nickel solution at pH 10 and 11 and from commercial nickel hydroxide. Nickel biosorption by Pseudomonas fluorescens 4F39 was a microprecipitation consequence of an ion exchange. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 146–151.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900793
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane-associated echinocandin B deacylase of Actinoplanes utahensis: purification, characterization, heterologous cloning and enzymatic deacylation reaction (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: echinocandin B deacylase; substrate specificity; evolution/technology; antifungal agent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aspergillus nidulans produces echinocandin B, a neutral lipopeptide. A deacylase from Actinoplanes utahensis catalyzes cleavage of the linoleoyl group from echinocandin B, a key step in generating a potential antifungal agent. Virtually all (99.8%) deacylase activity was cell-associated. The deacylase was salt-solubilized, heat-treated and purified to apparent homogeneity by a 3-step chromatographic procedure. The enzyme was a heterodimer consisting of 63- and 18-to-20-kDa subunit, optimally active at pH 6.0, and at 60°C with salt. The K m of the deacylase for echinocandin B was 50 μM and its V max was 14.6 μmol cyclic hexapeptide min−1 mg−1protein. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was broad with respect to both acyl and cyclic peptide analogues of echinocandin B. The two deacylase subunit genes were cloned and over-expressed in Streptomyces lividans. The recombinant deacylase was purified from the culture filtrate to apparent homogeneity by a 1-step chromatographic procedure. Using the recombinant deacylase, an enzymatic deacylation of immobilized echinocandin B resulted in the generation of cyclic hexapeptide at gram-level. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 173–180.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900796
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-dependent transformation of anthranilate to indole by Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU5 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 219-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Rhodobacter sphaeroides; photobiotransformation; anthranilate; indole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU5 transformed anthranilate (2 mM) to an indole (0.7 mM) in a light-dependent process. Photobiotransformation was enhanced by tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and the indole formed was identified as 2,3 dihydroxy indole. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 219–221.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900806
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High alcohol production by repeated batch fermentation using an immobilized osmotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 222-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: immobilization; osmotolerance; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; ethanol production; batch fermentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A repeated batch fermentation system was used to produce ethanol using an osmotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (VS3) immobilized in calcium alginate beads. For comparison free cells were also used to produce ethanol by repeated batch fermentation. Fermentation was carried for six cycles with 125, 250 or 500 beads using 150, 200 or 250 g glucose L−1 at 30°C. The maximum amount of ethanol produced by immobilized VS3 using 150 g L−1 glucose was only 44 g L−1 after 48 h, while the amount of ethanol produced by free cells in the first cycle was 72 g L−1. However in subsequent fed batch cultures more ethanol was produced by immobilized cells compared to free cells. The amount of ethanol produced by free cells decreased from 72 g L−1 to 25 g L−1 after the fourth cycle, while that of immobilized cells increased from 44 to 72 g L−1. The maximum amount of ethanol produced by immobilized VS3 cells using 150, 200 and 250 g glucose L−1 was 72.5, 93 and 87 g ethanol L−1 at 30°C. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 222–226.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of exopolysaccharide production by strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei grown in chemically defined medium and milk (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: lactobacilli; exopolysaccharide; productivity; milk viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was compared among three strains of lactobacilli. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain 9595M can be classified among the highest EPS-producing strains of lactic acid bacteria reported to date with a maximum EPS production of 1275 mg L−1. Under controlled pH, no significant differences in the quantity of EPS produced could be detected between carbon source (glucose or lactose) or fermentation temperature (32 or 37°C). In milk, strains ATCC 9595M and R produced more than 280 mg L−1 EPS whereas strain Type V produced less than 80 mg L−1 EPS. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 251–255.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900810
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of flow rate on heavy metal accumulation by rotating biological contactor (RBC) biofilms (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 244-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: biofilms; rotating biological contactor (RBC); heavy metals; flow rates; biosorption; hydraulic retention time (HRT)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Immobilized biofilms are effective in heavy metal removal. The current studies investigated the use of rotating biological contactor (RBC) biofilms in treatment of a wastewater containing cadmium, copper and zinc, each at a concentration of 100 mg L−1. In particular, the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on metal accumulation was studied. Longer HRTs (〉12 h) were associated with greater metal removal than short HRTs, particularly with regard to cadmium and zinc. The system was also shown to operate successfully over an extended period of time, at an HRT of 24 h, with removal efficiencies of approximately 34%, 85% and 57% for Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ respectively after 5–8 weeks contact. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 244–250.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900812
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi by hydroxy fatty acids (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 275-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids; antifungal activity; plant pathogenic fungi; plant disease control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hydroxy fatty acids are plant self-defense substances (Masui et al, Phytochemistry1989). Three types of hydroxy fatty acids: 10-hydroxystearic acid (HSA), 7S,10S-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD), and 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA) were tested against the following plant pathogenic fungi: Erysiphe graminis f sp tritici (common disease name, wheat powdery mildew); Puccinia recondita (wheat leaf rust); Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (wheat foot rot); Septoria nodorum (wheat glume blotch); Pyricularia grisea (rice blast); Rhizoctonia solani (rice sheath blight); Phytophthora infestans (potato late blight); and Botrytis cinerea (cucumber botrytis). At a concentration of 200 ppm, both HSA and DOD showed no fungal disease control activity. However, THOA at the same concentration showed weak activity and provided disease control (percent) of the following plant pathogenic fungi: Erysiphe graminis 77%; Puccinia recondita 86%; Phytophthora infestans 56%; and Botrytis cinerea 63%. The position of the hydroxy groups on the fatty acids seems to play an important role in activity against specific fungi. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 275–276.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900816
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a creosote-based medium for the growth and preparation of a PAH-degrading bacterial community for bioaugmentation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; creosote; bioremediation; bioaugmentation; biodegradation; inoculum preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Creosote was evaluated as an inexpensive carbon source for growing inocula of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterial community (community five). Creosote was a poor growth substrate when provided as sole carbon source in a basal salts solution (BSM). Alternatively, peptone, yeast extract or glucose in BSM supported high growth rates, but community five could not subsequently degrade pyrene. A combination of creosote and yeast extract in BSM (CYEM) supported growth and maintained the pyrene-degrading capacity of community five. Optimum pyrene-degrading activity occurred when the inocula were grown in creosote and yeast extract concentrations of 2 ml L−1 and 1 g L−1 respectively: concentrations outside these values resulted in either low biomass yields or loss of PAH-degrading activity. CYEM-grown community five inocula degraded 250 mg L−1 of pyrene in BSM at a rate comparable to cultures inoculated with community five grown in BSM-pyrene. However, the CYEM-grown community showed a 40% lower rate of PAH degradation in a synthetic PAH mixture compared with pyrene-grown cells and there was an increase in the lag period before the onset of PAH degradation. This appears to reflect a weaker induction of PAH catabolism by CYEM compared to BSM-pyrene. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 277–284.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900819
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of an alkaline protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MN1 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: protease; alkaline protease; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An alkaline protease produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MN1, isolated from an alkaline tannery waste water, was purified and characterized. The enzyme was purified 25-fold by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography to a specific activity of 82350 U mg−1. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 32000 daltons. The optimum pH and temperature for the proteolytic activity were pH 8.00 and 60°C, respectively. Enzyme activity was inhibited by EDTA suggesting that the preparation contains a metalloprotease. Enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+(5 mM), while Ca2+ and Mn2+ resulted in partial inhibition. The enzyme is different from other Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkaline proteases in its stability at high temperature; it retained more than 90% and 66% of the initial activity after 15 and 120 min incubation at 60°C. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 291–295.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900822
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