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  • sustainability
  • 2020-2022  (13)
  • 2000-2004  (20)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
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  • 1
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    Geoethics as global ethics to face grand challenges for humanity (2020)
    Geological Society, London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: Geoethics is not simply professional ethics. Originally, it was developed in the context of geosciences to increase the awareness of geoscientists to their cultural and social role, but over time expanded to define a way in which humans can rethink their relationship with the Earth system in the light of principles and values that can provide a healthy and safe life in respect for geo-ecosystems. The theoretical framework of geoethics has now consolidated, and it has become the proposal on which to base a global ethics for the new millennium. This chapter outlines the scientific and cultural reference framework in which geoethics developed; the theoretical foundations of geoethics and its main characteristics; global anthropogenic issues under a geoethical perspective; ethical and social aspects related to two potential human activities respectively to combat global warming (geoengineering); and to provide for the growing demand for georesources (deep-sea/ocean mining). The authors highlight the importance of sharing values and actions among planetary human communities to manage global changes and threats. One wonders if the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can suggest or confirm reflections on geoethical thinking. Finally, a charter for a responsible course of human development, articulated in nine principles and actions, is proposed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: geoethics ; global ethics ; responsibility ; sustainability ; philosophy of geosciences ; climate change ; deep-sea mining ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Responsible Human Development Charter ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Sustainable Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Energy Storage Devices Based on Tannic Acid—Toward Ecofriendly Energy Storage (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The use of organic materials with reversible redox activity holds enormous potential for next‐generation Li‐ion energy storage devices. Yet, most candidates are not truly sustainable, i.e., not derived from renewable feedstock or made in benign reactions. Here an attempt is reported to resolve this issue by synthesizing an organic cathode material from tannic acid and microporous carbon derived from biomass. All constituents, including the redox‐active material and conductive carbon additive, are made from renewable resources. Using a simple, sustainable fabrication method, a hybrid material is formed. The low cost and ecofriendly material shows outstanding performance with a capacity of 108 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and low capacity fading, retaining approximately 80% of the maximum capacity after 90 cycles. With approximately 3.4 V versus Li+/Li, the cells also feature one of the highest reversible redox potentials reported for biomolecular cathodes. Finally, the quinone‐catecholate redox mechanism responsible for the high capacity of tannic acid is confirmed by electrochemical characterization of a model compound similar to tannic acid but without catecholic groups.
    Description: Tannic acid and sucrose‐derived porous carbon are combined to create a hybrid material using ball milling. The sustainable hybrid material shows exceptional properties as a cathode material for lithium‐ion energy storage devices that combines energy storage using both a redox process, from tannic acid, and electric double‐layer capacitance, from the porous carbon.
    Description: DFG http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004807
    Description: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
    Description: BMBF http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Fraunhofer‐Max Planck cooperation project
    Description: Max Planck Society http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004189
    Description: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 333.79 ; biomass ; electrochemistry ; energy storage ; redox chemistry ; sustainability ; tannic acid
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Muslims and climate change: How Islam, Muslim organizations, and religious leaders influence climate change perceptions and mitigation activities (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: A growing body of research stresses the importance of religion in understanding and addressing climate change. However, so far, little is known about the relationship between Muslim communities and climate change. Globally, Muslims constitute the second largest faith group, and there is a strong concentration of Muslims in regions that are particularly affected by global warming. This review synthesizes existing research about climate change and Muslim communities. It addresses (a) Islamic environmentalism, (b) Muslim perceptions of climate change, and (c) mitigation strategies of Muslim communities. The analysis shows that there is no uniform interpretation of climate change among Muslims. Based on their interpretations of Islam, Muslims have generated different approaches to climate change. A small section of Muslim environmentalists engages in public campaigning to raise greater concern about climate change, seeks to reduce carbon emissions through sociotechnological transition efforts, and disseminates proenvironmental interpretations of Islam. However, it remains unclear to what extent these activities generate broader changes in the daily activities of Muslim communities and organizations. Contributions to this research field are often theoretical and stress theological and normative aspects of Islam. Empirical studies have particularly addressed Indonesia and the United Kingdom, whereas knowledge about Muslim climate activism in other world regions is fragmented. Against this backdrop, there is a need for comparative studies that consider regional and religious differences among Muslims and address the role of Muslim environmentalism in climate change mitigation and adaptation at the international, national, and local scales. This article is categorized under: Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge 〉 Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
    Keywords: 304 ; climate change ; Islam ; Islamic environmentalism ; Muslims ; religion ; sustainability
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Identification of the effective factors on the efficiency of the production section of the value chain of tuna in Iran (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper attempted to identify the effective factors and barriers on efficiency of the production section (canning and processing) the value chain of tuna and tuna like species in Iran. The present research is practical in terms of purpose and it is descriptive and survey in terms of collecting data. The statistical population of this research was board members, executive directors, the production managers and experts of tuna and tuna like species industries. The present research took place during the two-year period leading up to 1397. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which validity and reliability were confirmed. At first, by reviewing the literature and reviewing of the previous studies were identified 41 the effective factors and barriers of the value chain and after removing the repeat factors, 28 variables were extracted. Finally, using expert's opinions, 21 variables were identified as the effective factors and barriers which reduced the efficiency of the chain value of tuna and tuna like species in Iran. In the next step, using statistical analysis and applying the statistical test of the mark, 19 factors were identified as the main the effective factors and barriers and the ranking of these factors was done using Friedman test. It is determined that respectively, problems in supplying raw materials (quality, price and continuity and sustainability of supply), problems in providing financing and working capital, weakness in the production of diverse products according to the target market, high costs of selling the tuna products and lack of fair distribution of profits between different sectors of the tuna value chain have been 5 factors and barriers affecting on decreasing efficiency of the production section of the value chain of tuna and tuna like species in Iran. With identifying these factors and prioritizing them, can be possible planning required for managing of these obstacles with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the production section of the value chain tuna and tuna like species and by providing appropriate solutions for handling higher priority barriers will be possible enhancing the efficiency of this industry and its economic sustainability in the future.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: effective factors ; Production section ; Value chain ; Tuna ; species ; sustainability
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.145-153
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  • 5
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    Environment-friendly schemes in shrimp farming (2021)
    In:  aqdchief@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19958 | 2002 | 2016-02-24 21:27:45 | 19958 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Penaeidae ; Philippines ; brackishwater environment ; marine environment ; aquaculture development ; aquaculture systems ; aquaculture techniques ; artificial aeration ; biofilters ; biomanipulation ; culture effects ; environment management ; environmental effects ; environmental impact ; pond culture ; shrimp culture ; sustainability ; water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: pp. 26, 35
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  • 6
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    Aquaculture Asia, vol. 12, no. 2, pp.1-50, April-June 2007 (2021)
    Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  naca@enaca.org | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/435 | 39 | 2020-08-23 23:42:37 | 435 | Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Aquaculture Asia is a magazine for farmers and aquaculture-related service industries. Articles cover all aspects of aquaculture and the related processing, marketing, economic, environmental and social issues that surround the industry, with regular sections on sustainable aquaculture, marine finfish aquaculture, aquatic animal health, research and farming techniques and the NACA Newsletter. Emphasis is placed on the practical outcomes of research that are of direct benefit to the industry, in particular to small-scale farmers. Articles in this issue include:Towards sustainability of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon farming in Sri Lanka, by D.E.M. Weerakoon.An economic analysis of stock enhancement of Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus in Iran, by Hassan Salehi.Aquaculture and environmental sustainability in Thailand: Food or financial security? By Jamie Stewart and Ram C. Bhujel.Cage fish culture - successful income generation in manmade reservoir Kulekhani, Markhu, Nepal, by Ash Kumar Rai and Suresh Kumar Wagle.Diversification of rice farming alleviates poverty in a Bangladesh village, by Peter Edwards.Aquaculture of sea-pineapple, Halocynthia roretzi in Japan, by TTT. Nguyen, N. Taniguchi, M. Nakajima, U. Na-Nakorn, N. Sukumasavin, K. Yamamoto.Development of green mussel cultivation in Thailand: Sriracha Bay, Chonburi Province, by Suriyan Tunkijjanukij and Alongot Intarachart.Selective breeding for growth and fillet yield of river catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, by Nguyen Van Sang, Nguyen Van Hao, Dinh Hung, Pham Dinh Khoi, Bui Thi Lien Ha, Vu Hai Dinh, Nguyen Dien.Fish for life: Producing high quality fish seed in rural areas of Asia, by David C. Little, Benoy K. Barman and Corinne Critchlow-Watton.Utilisation of local feed ingredients in tiger grouper grow out moist diets, by Usman, Rachmansyah, Neltje N. Palinggi and Taufi k Ahmad.Optimal nutrition for marine fish, by Arjen Roem.SEAFDEC tests its feed formulations for marine fishes.NACA Newsletter.
    Description: ISSN 0859-600X
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Penaeus monodon ; Sri Lanka ; sustainability ; Nepal ; Bangladesh ; Halocynthia roretzi ; Pangasianodon hypopthalmus ; Vietnam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 7
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    Blue Crab target setting: final report (2021)
    University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2926 | 130 | 2011-09-29 18:12:36 | 2926 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: We have developed a hierarchy of target levels, designated to address sustainability, efficiency, and recovery scenarios. Targets were derived from: 1) reported catches and effort in the commercial fishery, 2) statistics from fishery-independent surveys, and 3) knowledge of the biology of blue crab. Targets that are recommended include population sizes, catches, and effort levels, as well as reference fishing mortality rates. They are intended to be conservative and risk-averse. (PDF contains 182 pages)
    Description: Living Resources Subcommittee Chesapeake Bay Program. U.S. E.P.A.
    Description: Technical Series No. TS-177-99 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Management ; Fisheries ; Blue crab ; sustainability ; efficiency ; survey
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 8
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    Die Ostsee als Welterbe für die Lebensmittelversorgung (2021)
    In:  armin.lindquist@fiskeriverket.se | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2965 | 1240 | 2011-09-29 18:05:40 | 2965 | Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: The Baltic Sea, the largest existing brackish water is a little smaller than the Baikal, which is a world heritage. The Baltic Sea is very young, less than 10 000 years, whereas the Baikal, which is of about the same volume, is the oldest lake with 25 million years. Not so long ago the Baltic was considered mainly as a recipient for effluents. Fisheries are administrated by the European Union in agreement with Russia. Fisheries in the Baltic could give, when optimally managed, some 900 000 ton fish a year, to less than 20 000 professional fisherfolk from nine nations. During the course of time they have developed different coastal cultures with different languages, not so well known outside their own countries. The proposal is made that the unique Baltic becomes a world heritage for food supply and for food production in a traditional way. This would lead towards a sustainable small scale fisheries and to maintaining food security. A cooperation between fisherfolk from different nations is essential. In order to raise the public interest in that important World heritage issue and additionally, how to better use fish resources from the Baltic sea, it is also suggested to arrange for a competition between coastal restaurants, offering food prepared from Baltic resources.
    Description: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung - Information Fishery Research in 2010.
    Keywords: Education ; Fisheries ; natural resources ; sustainability ; nutrition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 9-12
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  • 9
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    Green Guide to the Cayman Islands 3: Sustaining our ocean and islands (2021)
    Central Caribbean Marine Institute | Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/3240 | 9 | 2011-09-29 17:41:32 | 3240 | Central Caribbean Marine Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: (pdf contains 32 pages)
    Keywords: Conservation ; Ecology ; Pollution ; Environment ; marine pollution ; plastic debris ; conservation ; sustainability ; CCMI
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 10
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    State of the Art of Sustainable Production in the Mediterranean / État de la production durable en Méditerranée / Estado de la producción sostenible en el Mediterráneo (2021)
    United Nations Environmental Programme. Mediterranean Action Plan. | Athens
    In:  cleanpro@cprac.org | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/909 | 43 | 2020-08-23 06:23:51 | 909 | United Nations Environment Programme. Mediterranean Action Plan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: This study reviews the progress that is being made in Mediterranean countries concerningthe development of measures for controlling and reducing pollution from the industry sectorand promoting the application of CP and other related mechanisms leading the sector tosustainable patterns of production. The document updates and provides additional elementsto the Study on the State of Cleaner Production in the Mediterranean Action Plan countries3,adding new elements to the information available that remains valid. Therefore, it containsinformation on the main changes in the Mediterranean countries4 with regard to:• the countries’ industrial development, its main environmental impacts and areas of specialconcern• new laws and regulations for controlling and preventing pollution• voluntary agreements with industry to facilitate pollution reduction• key agents and institutions and tools and activities in the field of pollution prevention, withspecial attention to CP• programmes, action plans and projects linked to CP and eco-efficiency.• economic instruments, voluntary instruments (EMS, eco-labelling) and environmentalawards (Document has 258 pages.)
    Keywords: Management ; Pollution ; Engineering ; United Nations Environmental Programme - Mediterranean Action Plan ; UNEP/MAP ; Mediterranean ; sustainability
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 11
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    Socio-economic implications of the fish export trade on the fishers and fisheries of Lake Victoria in Uganda (2021)
    Lake Victoria Fisheries Research Project | Jinja, Uganda
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5078 | 424 | 2011-09-29 15:30:57 | 5078 | Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the implications of the fish export trade on the fishers and the fisheries resources of Lake Victoria, Uganda with respect to sustainability. Eight fish processing factories and ninety fishers were qualitatively investigated. Socio-economic characteristics of fishers and the economic characteristics of fish factories formed a basis for the analysis. Results of the research indicate that there is a relationship between the growth in fish export trade, particularly the growth in industrial fish processing (for export) and declining fisheries resources of the lake. However, whether or not that impact is positive or negative, and to what extent there is an impact, is highly dependent upon the underlying socio-economic considerations of the fishers to the process. The fish-ban imposed by the European Union countries was particularly decried by fishers and factory owners as the main cause for the present poverty among the fishers. Fundamentally, several conflicting issues: ecological, physical and economic activities are a threat to the sustainability of the Lake Victoria fisheries, and for all that depend on and interact with the lake. There is urgent need to address the immediate issue of the growing riparian population and the global fish trade, to educate and train all the relevant actors in appropriate fisheries management techniques. Attitudes of fishers towards the fish factory developments are positive and this is a way forward for co-management for the sustainability of the fisheries resource.
    Description: Lake Victoria Fisheries Research Project Phase II
    Description: LVFRP/TECH/00/14; Unpublished Masters Degree submitted to the National University of Ireland, Cork.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management ; Africa ; Uganda ; Lake Victoria ; fish trade ; fish factories ; fish processing ; sustainability
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-81
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  • 12
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    Performance in managing marine resources in the Bay of Bengal (2021)
    Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME) | Phuket, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/18977 | 17435 | 2015-12-31 16:10:54 | 18977 | Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The eight member countries were assessed as to their sustainable use of resources within their Exclusive Economic Zones(EEZs). Indicators included; investment in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), impact of trawling, mariculture sustainability, protection of seabirds and marine mammals,ecosystem impacts, economic health and levels of reporting and compliance.
    Description: FAO
    Description: Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME)
    Description: The Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME) was supported by the Global Environment Facility, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, the governments of Norway and Sweden. The project was executed by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Information Management ; fisheries ; Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) ; sustainability ; ecosystem impacts ; protection ; economic health
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 97
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  • 13
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    Making Europe go from bottles to the tap: Political and societal attempts to induce behavioral change (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-25
    Description: In several European countries and at the level of the European Union, we can observe political and societal attempts to promote the use of tap water. Most prominently, the European Commission proposed revisions for the Drinking Water Directive, which includes strategies for promoting the consumption of tap water. The strategies comprise the following: improving access to tap water, upgrading quality standards for tap water, and enhancing transparency concerning the benefits of tap water. National initiatives in European countries pursue similar strategies that concentrate on enhancing access to tap water and communicating its economic, environmental, and social benefits. By drawing on existent literature in different disciplines, we assess how promising these strategies are for inducing individuals to drink tap water rather than bottled water. Our overview reveals that our knowledge regarding the quality dimension is very good: numerous studies on European countries have shown that dissatisfaction with the sensory properties and health-related concerns prevent individuals from drinking (more) tap water and opting for bottled water instead. The body of research with a specific focus on Europe is significantly smaller concerning the other two dimensions: access to tap water and the benefits of tap water. Nonetheless, there is indicative and preliminary evidence that improved access to tap water and a better communication of the benefits of tap water could positively affect consumption patterns. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water 〉 Sustainable Engineering of Water, Human Water 〉 Water Governance, Human Water 〉 Water as Imagined and Represented.
    Keywords: 333.9 ; 363.61 ; behavioral change ; bottled water ; drinking water directive ; mobilization ; sustainability ; tap water
    Language: English
    Type: map
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal transport strategies for European cities (2000)
    Springer
    Transportation 27 (2000), S. 285-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: efficiency ; optimisation ; strategy ; sustainability ; transport ; urban
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A new procedure for generating optimal transport strategies has been applied in nine European cities. A public sector objective function which reflects concerns over efficiency, environmental impact, finance and sustainability is specified and a set of policy measures with acceptable ranges on each, identified. Optimal strategies based on combinations of these policy measures which generate the optimal value of the objective function, are identified, and compared between cities. Resulting policy recommendations are presented. The results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach to transport strategy formulation. They emphasise the role of changes in public transport service levels and of fares, and of charges for car use. By contrast, new infrastructure projects are less frequently justified. In the majority of cities the revenues from car use charges are sufficient to finance other elements in the strategy. However, private sector involvement either in initial financing or in operation may be desirable. Revised objective functions to reflect private sector involvement are specified, and optimal strategies with private sector operation of public transport are also identified. The requirement to meet private sector rates of return for public transport operation typically results in lower frequencies and higher fares; charges for car use then need to be raised to satisfy public policy objectives, but system performance is reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005274015858
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Concept of Sustainable Development Revisited (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of science 5 (2000), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8471
    Keywords: development ; geosystems ; human ecology ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract The concept of sustainable development is here revised in the light of a brief historical analysis, followed by a semantic analysis of the expressions development and sustainability. The authors criticize the common use of this concept in a loose way or in wide generalizations, to conclude, based on the principles of human ecology, that it is only possible to make it operational in limited spans of time and in limited spatial units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011327612400
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How natural is a nature reserve?: an ideological study of British nature conservation landscapes (2000)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 9 (2000), S. 1131-1152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: biodiversity ; historic countryside ; language ; sustainability ; wilderness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Areas set apart for nature conservation in Britain are broadly categorised according to their cultural purpose, and names are assigned to these in this paper. Nature reserves may be similar to zoos and botanic gardens in aiming to maintain the diversity of species and if so are termed ‘biodiversity reserves’. This tradition understands nature as a static collection of entities apart from humans. Maintaining traditional management at a site is arguably a good way to sustain species, it also retains old ways in which humans and nature were integrated in the life of the nation and so are called ‘historic countryside parks’. There is growing interest in ‘wilderness areas’, where nature is seen as primarily processes protected from human interference. Despite the strength of each of these, they suffer from attempting to restrict nature to a ghetto, a process that is economically and environmentally costly. ‘Companion places’ are places which set sustainable examples of integrating human life and economic activity with maintaining biodiversity and offering an opportunity to encounter wild processes at the heart of life. The language of these four types, or vectors, of nature reserves is offered to help the discussion of our place in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008991117172
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple-Scale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism: Introducing the Approach (2000)
    Springer
    Population and environment 22 (2000), S. 109-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Keywords: multiple-scale ; integrated assessment ; societal metabolism ; sustainability ; bio-economics ; environmental loading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present several concepts related to integrated analysis of societal metabolism across scales. First we introduce the concept of “dynamic energy budget” of human societies, which is based on the distinction between exosomatic and endosomatic energy flows and the possibility of establishing autocatalytic loops (egg-chicken patterns) among them. Second, we discuss the nature of the dramatic changes that the industrial revolution induced on the characteristics of societal metabolism. Finally, we discuss methodological problems related to the representation of complex adaptive systems. Dealing with sustainability of human societies requires the parallel use of non-equivalent descriptive domains. This, in turn, requires the ability of “scaling up and down” when moving across levels handling parallel non-reducible assessments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026691623300
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Societal Metabolism and Multiple-Scale Integrated Assessment: Empirical Validation and Examples of Application (2000)
    Springer
    Population and environment 22 (2000), S. 211-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Keywords: societal metabolism ; labor productivity ; sustainability ; bio-economic pressure ; integrated assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents empirical data to validate two points. (1) An integrated analysis of societal metabolism bridges an economic view of changes in socioeconomic systems with a biophysical representation of them. To obtain this check, it compares a biophysical indicator of development BEP with 24 traditional indicators of material economic development. The comparison covers a sample of 107 countries of the world, comprising more than 90% of the total world population (year 1993). (2) The concept of societal metabolism is useful to make biophysical analysts aware of constraints implied by “economic viability” and to make economic analysts aware of constraints implied by “biophysical viability.” To prove this point three practical examples of misunderstanding in the field of sustainability analysis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026695724208
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple-Scale Integrated Assessments of Societal Metabolism: Integrating Biophysical and Economic Representations Across Scales (2000)
    Springer
    Population and environment 22 (2000), S. 155-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Keywords: multiple-scale ; integrated assessment ; societal metabolism ; sustainability ; environmental loading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract The crucial challenge for integrated analyses of socioeconomic systems is keeping coherence in their multidimensional representation. Our approach describes the hierarchical structure of socioeconomic systems using the profile of allocation of “human activity” over a set of compartments defined at different hierarchical levels (e.g., whole countries, economic sectors, individual households). Compartments are characterized in terms of intensive variables (“intensity” of both “exosomatic energy flows” and “added value flows” per unit of human activity) and the extensive variable “Total Human Activity” ← → “population.” In this way, relations of congruence across hierarchical levels can be used to link non-equivalent analyses. That is, changes in demographic variables, economic variables, technical coefficients, indices of environmental loading, institutional settings, and social aspirations are no longer independent of each-other even if described within different scientific disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026643707370
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    Problem Solving: Complexity, History, Sustainability (2000)
    Springer
    Population and environment 22 (2000), S. 3-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Keywords: collapse ; complexity ; problem solving ; organizations ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Sustainability or collapse follow from the success or failure of problem-solving institutions. The factors that lead to long-term success or failure in problem solving have received little attention, so that this fundamental activity is poorly understood. The capacity of institutions to solve problems changes over time, suggesting that a science of problem solving, and thus a science of sustainability, must be historical. Complexity is a primary problem-solving strategy, which is often successful in the short-term, but cumulatively may become detrimental to sustainability. Historical case studies illustrate different outcomes to long-term development of complexity in problem solving. These cases clarify future options for contemporary societies: collapse, simplification, or increasing complexity based on increasing energy subsidies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006632214612
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  • 21
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    Genetics in fisheries management (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 420 (2000), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: resource ; sustainability ; stocks ; genetic structure ; forensics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic analyses have much to offer fisheries managers, especially in the provision of tools enabling unequivocal specimen identification and assessment of stock structure. The three commonly-used genetic tools – allozymes, mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites – differ in their properties. These differences must be born in mind, especially when interpreting gene frequency data collected for stock structure research. Examples where genetic approaches have been used to identify specimens are given, with special attention being given to compliance and labelling issues. Treatment of stock structure focuses on Atlantic cod and on yellowfin, bigeye and albacore tunas. The different resolving powers of the various techniques are discussed. Marine fish typically show low levels of population genetic differentiation, and in such species the use of large sample sizes and, preferably, multiple types of markers are desirable to resolve stock structure issues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003928327503
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  • 22
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    Ecosystem services and management options as blanket indicators of ecosystem health (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 4 (1973), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: Great Lakes ; fisheries ; forestry ; sustainability ; societal values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A pragmatic and integrative approach to evaluation of the environment combines ecosystem sciences, health sciences, and social sciences. Each has a crucial role to play: the ecosystem sciences provide information on the complex dynamics of ecosystems as they are influenced by stress and disturbance; the health sciences provide a methodology for systematic diagnosis of pathology, taxonomy of ills, and models for preventive as well as rehabilitative modes; the social sciences bring to the fore the importance of human values which are part and parcel of any health evaluation. The complexity of stress-response systems precludes anything approximating a complete understanding of mechanisms underpinning ecosystem transformations. However, the loss of ecosystem services and management options appears to be a general phenomenon that permits an overall evaluation of ecosystem health in both aquatic and terrestrial systems. Such blanket indicators take into account both the impairment of ecosystem function and societal values. This is illustrated by the history of ecosystem transformation in the Laurentian Lower Great Lakes and in the overharvested forest ecosystems of Eastern Canada. In both cases, cultural stress resulted in losses in highly valued ecosystem services and management options. These losses have been partially compensated for by new technologies that have permitted commercial use of the remaining lower quality resources. This process itself, however, may be pathological, reinforcing a degradation sequence rather than serving to restore ecosystem health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044793
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  • 23
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    Resource Accounting in Measures of Unsustainability: Challenging the World Bank's Conclusions (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 15 (2000), S. 257-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: accounting ; `El Serafy'-method ; genuine savings ; natural resources ; pollution ; sustainability ; World Bank
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The World Bank has recently published acomprehensive study of environmental and resourceaccounting, covering 103 countries (World Bank1997a). The study concludes that many Sub-Saharan,Northern African and Middle East countries have hadnegative `genuine' saving rates over the last 20years and therefore fail to pass the test of weaksustainability. This paper argues that the Bank'sconclusions depend on a method for computing usercosts from resource exploitation that is challengedby two competing ones (the `El Serafy'-method andthe method of Repetto et al.) and is inferior to oneof its rivals. Resource rents are re-computed usingthe `El Serafy'-method for 14 countries and theSub-Saharan and Northern African and Middle Eastregions. The results are that both regions andalmost all countries either stop exhibiting signs ofunsustainability or their unsustainability can beexplained without having recourse to resourceaccounting. However, for Congo, Ecuador, Gabon,Nigeria, Mauritania and Trinidad and Tobago there isa lesson: These countries did not adequately use theopportunities they were given through their naturalresource endowments and should learn from theirmistake for the future depletion of their remainingreserves of natural resources.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008304812545
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  • 24
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    The N-cycle as determined by intensive agriculture – examples from central Europe and China (2000)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 57 (2000), S. 33-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: gaseous N losses ; N-cycle ; N fertilization ; nitrate leaching ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Using a scientific assessment concept of sustainability in crop-production based on the entropy production minimization principle of thermodynamics, formation and non-use of soluble and volatile (by-)products of the nutrient cycles within the system are interpreted as indicators or measures of the low efficiency/sustainability of recent forms of intensive agriculture. The simultaneous high energy input in modern crop production systems further shows the difference between these and quasi-stationary natural systems with maximum bioproduction having minimum energy dissipation and entropy production. Using balance sheets and dynamic approaches, the practical implications regarding the nitrogen cycle in central Europe (FR Germany) and China are exemplified and discussed. The average N balance of arable systems in Germany shows surplus N amounts of 110–130 kg N ha-1 yr-1. A high N immobilization in accordance with deepened top soil layers has governed N balances in Germany since about 1960. In China Nbalance surpluses in intensive agricultural (double-cropping) systems on the southern edge of the Loess Plateau now reach 125–230 kg N ha-1 yr-1. In field experiments, mineral N contents in the profiles (0–1.2 m depth) were 72–342 and 78–108 kg ha-1 at harvest of summer maize and winter wheat, respectively. In the Taihu region in eastern China, surpluses in the N balance (rice-wheat double cropping) amount to 217–335 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Nmin contents in the 0–0.9 m profiles of between 50 and 100 kg N ha-1 were frequently found after winter wheat harvest. In two separate investigations of ground and well water samples in China, nitrate contents exceeded the critical WHO value for drinking water in 38–50% of the locations investigated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009802225307
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    Settlement and sustainability in the Polish Sudetes (2000)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 50 (2000), S. 273-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Keywords: agriculture ; Poland ; pollution ; population ; rural tourism ; Sudetes ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract The paper summarises the history of human settlement in the Sudetes from the Bronze Age. A more intensive stage was reached in the Middle Ages when settlers from the west established new villages deep in the mountain valleys. By the beginning of the 20th century the Sudetes were already overpopulated but after a near-complete ethnic replacement from a German to a Polish population in 1945–8, population continued to grow until the 1980s. However, the economic system was hardly sustainable by this time. There were many polluting industries in the region and massive transboundary pollution from adjacent areas of Czechoslovakia and Germany had a devastating effect on the forests. Moreover, subsidised state agriculture placed heavy pressure on vulnerable mountain grazings. Since 1989 there has been a process of deindustrialisation in the Sudetes and surrounding areas and, with the disappearance of the state farms and the reduction in subsidies, agriculture is now better adjusted to the natural potential and is complemented by a promising start with agrotourism. The population of the region is growing relatively slowly (0.8% per annum 1956–1999), with the rural areas now in decline. A sustainable future for the region is now a possibility, but while there is a consensus for continued environmental reconstruction, supported by alternative economies, this will have to be carefully managed in the years ahead when EU accession may bring heavier development pressures than those evident at the moment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007165901891
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  • 26
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    The Contribution of Paraserianthes (Albizia) falcataria to Sustainable Swidden Management Practices among The Baduy of West Java (2000)
    Springer
    Human ecology 28 (2000), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: Paraserianthes falcataria ; Albizia ; swidden cultivation ; sustainability ; West Java
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract There is a prohibition on the use of modern external inputs, such as chemical fertilizers, in Baduy swidden farming. Ordinarily, the consequence of this in a situation of acute forest pressure would be a decrease in fallow times, and an inevitable depletion of soil fertility. The Baduy (particularly Outer Baduy) have several ways of alleviating this problem, one of which is the introduction of Paraserianthes (Albizia) falcataria. By alternating this commercially valuable perennial leguminous tree with rice, soil fertility is maintained and the socio-economic position of the Baduy improved. As a result, swidden farming, which is considered by the Baduy to be central to their cultural identity, continues to be viable, despite increasing population density and the continuing depletion of mature forest.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007020404168
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    Environmental and Socioeconomic Interactions in the Evolution of Traditional Irrigated Lands: A Dynamic System Model (2000)
    Springer
    Human ecology 28 (2000), S. 279-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: irrigated lands ; sustainability ; dynamic model ; water resources ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The Huerta de Murcia is a traditionally irrigated land located in the middle lowland area of the Segura River around the city of Murcia, Southeast Spain. During the twentieth century several factors, such as the creation of new irrigated lands and the urbanization of traditionally irrigated lands, have changed the use of natural resources, giving rise to a growing imbalance between water resources and irrigation demands and a loss of fertile soil and other environmental and cultural values of this traditionally agricultural area. Such factors constitute environmental problems that will need to be controlled if more sustainable conditions for agriculture are to be achieved. The objectives of the present work are to develop a dynamic system model containing the main social, economic, and environmental and to use this model to explore the long-term effects of several policies designed to promote the sustainability of this agrolandscape. Some preliminary conclusions suggest that regulation and agricultural policy are not enough to stop the loss of traditionally irrigated lands and that additional water management and environmental policies are necessary.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007024204961
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    Values of Farmers, Sustainability and Agricultural Policy (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 12 (2000), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Agriculture ; cultural ethics ; empirical research ; sustainability ; values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract This article describes the feasibility of researchinto the relation between values of farmers andsustainability for the Dutch Ministry of Agricultureand the Dutch Federation of Agricultural andHorticultural Organisations. Firstly, a theoretical framework describes differentlevels of motivation behind conduct and choices. Itenables exploration and analysis of individualinterviews with small groups of conventional andecological farmers. The aim is to find out what theirbasic convictions regarding nature and sustainabilityare, and to analyze the relation between theseconvictions and the actual choices they make in theirfarming practice. The research shows that for somefarmers, differences in farming practice go back to themotivation level of moral convictions about what is`good farming'. For others, the motivations for aspecific farming practice are more pragmatic or`superficial'. This knowledge can be of significancefor the process of policy making. Secondly, this research demonstrates thatinvestigation into the relation between values andbehavioral choices is possible. The analysis ofinterviews among a small group of farmers gives anidea of the importance of personal values in additionto (and sometimes of more importance than) economicconsiderations. Due to the restricted size of theresearch population, however, these conclusions are oflimited generalizability. Finally, in order to make alarger research agenda possible, the research methodology isevaluated on the basis of scientific criteria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009543907661
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    Footprints for Sustainability: The Next Steps (2000)
    Springer
    Environment, development and sustainability 2 (2000), S. 23-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2975
    Keywords: appropriated carrying capacity ; ecological accounting ; ecological footprint ; planning tool ; resource accounting ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract The concept of an ecological footprint is based on the understanding that every individual human appropriates a share of the productive and assimilative capacity of the biosphere. An ecological footprint corresponds to this exclusive biologically productive area that a defined population uses for all its resource requirements and wastes, and is expressed in terms of bioproductive space, with world-average productivity. Humanity's footprint or its aggregate ecological demand can only temporarily exceed the productive and assimilative capacity of the biosphere without liquidating and weakening the natural capital on which humanity depends fundamentally. Therefore, accounting tools for quantifying humanity's use of nature are essential for overall assessments of human impact as well as for planning specific steps towards a sustainable future. This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the ecological footprint as an ecological accounting method, points out research needs for improvement of the analysis, and suggests potential new applications. The paper identifies ten new applications of the tool to make it applicable at various geographic scales and for a number of analytical and didactic purposes. Then nine methodological improvements are suggested that could refine the currently applied method, making assessments more sensitive to a larger number of ecological impacts. It concludes that many crucial questions pertinent to building a sustainable society can be addressed by current ecological footprint research. By making the method more complete, this tool could evolve from being largely of pedagogical use to become a strategic tool for policy analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010050700699
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    Stewardship of Natural Resources: Definition, Ethical and Practical Aspects (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 12 (2000), S. 263-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: environmental ethics ; land ethic ; land reform ; management ; natural resources ; public benefit ; stewardship ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Stewardship is potentially a usefulconcept in modernizing management philosophies. Use ofthe term has increased markedly in recent years, yetthe term is used loosely and rarely defined in landmanagement literature. The connections between thispractical usage and the ethical basis of stewardshipare currently poorly developed. The followingdefinition is proposed: ``Stewardship is theresponsible use (including conservation) of naturalresources in a way that takes full and balancedaccount of the interests of society, futuregenerations, and other species, as well as of privateneeds, and accepts significant answerability tosociety.'' A religious interpretation would require thephrase ``and ultimately to God'' to be added.Stewardship has both secular and religiousinterpretations and it will be desirable to developboth of these aspects in parallel. A task forphilosophers is to establish whether the ethical basisof stewardship is sufficient to address environmentalconcerns or whether it is necessary to embrace widerethical approaches. Stewardship occupies similarground to several other concepts of use and managementof resources, particularly sustainability. It canbuild on sustainability by encouraging a broader viewof who and what should benefit from managementactivity. In particular, it focuses attention on therole of managers in providing public benefit and onenvisaging other species as a form of ``stakeholder'' inmanagement decisions. Stewardship is applicable acrossthe widest range of fields of resource use and alsohas relevance to aspects of land tenure and propertyrights. Application of stewardship will require someadjustments in the roles of private managers/ownersvis-à-vis government. It might providemanagers with an expanded role and, importantly, amore positive image, both of themselves and in theeyes of the public. Stewardship could alsobe developed in a way that has relevance to citizensin general (as opposed to managers and owners ofresources), through their interactions with naturalresources as consumers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009534214698
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    A Future for Sustainability? (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 123 (2000), S. 467-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: education ; environment ; environmental education ; environmental philosophy ; philosophy ; sustainability ; sustainable development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Sustainability has become a focal topic and important goal for many people concerned about environmental issues. It is, therefore, important for educators, and others, to talk about sustainability with their students and colleagues—about its meaning, curricular application, and practice. However, I do not think this is sufficient. In this paper I will examine limitations of the language of sustainability and implications for environmental thinking. Before launching into a critique, I do acknowledge the importance of "sustainability" and the usefulness of this concept. Many ecological processes are not sustained—not kept going continuously. Species are going extinct at an alarming rate and whole ecosystems are at risk. So, sustainability is important. However, we must also pay attention to what sustainability is not. And, we should consider why these limitations matter. For example, "education for sustainability" has gained rapid acceptance, yet little critical attention has been given to the term. Just as many environmental educators have expressed reservations about "education for sustainable development," I believe there are serious problems associated with allowing our work to be subsumed by the term "education for sustainability." In this presentation I will explore reasons for educators, and others, to be concerned about relying on the language and goals of sustainability. These areas of concern, or limitations, are discussed in terms of determinism, exclusivity, and conceptualization. Some suggestions are provided to help refocus our direction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005211410123
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    The Ecology of Trade (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of bioeconomics 2 (2000), S. 139-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6989
    Keywords: mutualism ; resources ; scarcity ; social arthropods ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Trading behavior occurs in many species but has a particularly elaborate form in humans. Trade is defined as the mutually beneficial, adaptive transfer of goods and services between organisms. Trade has a competitive element and responds to changes in relative scarcity. Trade is demonstrated to be a biological phenomenon rather than an artefact of human civilisation. Species’ characteristics that increase the likelihood of trade occurring are outlined. The evolution of trading strategies is most likely in humans and social arthropods. A formal model is presented to show that trade can simultaneously increase consumption among populations and reduce pressure on locally scarce resources. This allows a species to increase its density and escape the constraints imposed by local resource limitations. This represents a major ecological benefit to the trading species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011414717756
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    Earth Science in the City: A Reader (2003)
    Am. Geophys. Union
    In:  Washington, D.C.; 440 pp., Am. Geophys. Union, vol. 56, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-87590-299-5 (soft cover))
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; environment ; sustainability ; storms ; population ; growth ; GIS ; Modelling ; pollution ; weapons ; space ; weather ; Volcanology ; remote-sensing ; Tsunami(s) ; landslides ; ecology ; ground ; water ; urban ; planning ; Modelling ; 6314 ; Policy ; Sciences: ; Demand ; estimation ; GFZ ; Bibl. ; M ; 05.0410 ; 000344587 ; Fakundiny ; NYGS ; Hebestreit ; Gonzales ; Preuss ; Orsi
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    High Noon - Twenty Global Issues, Twenty Years to Solve Them (2002)
    Basic Books, 241 pp.
    In:  New York, 295 pp., Basic Books, 241 pp., vol. I, 383+VIII pp., no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 0 465 07009 4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: policy ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake hazard ; Weltbank ; economy ; development ; sustainability ; GFZ
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
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