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  • Articles  (13)
  • heavy metals  (13)
  • 2020-2022
  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • 1970-1974
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (13)
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  • Articles  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal bioavailability in a soil affected by mineral sulphides contamination following the mine spillage at Aznalcóllar (Spain) (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: bioremediation ; heavy metals ; metal availability ; organic matter ; pyrite ; sulphide oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment, lasting 14 months, was carried out in order to assess the effect of organic amendment and lime addition on the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils. The experiment took place in a soil affected by acid, highly toxic pyritic waste from the Aznalcóllar mine (Seville, Spain) in April 1998. The following treatments were applied (3 plots per treatment): cow manure, a mature compost, lime (to plots having pH 〈 4), and control without amendment. During the study two crops of Brassica juncea were grown, with two additions of each organic amendment. Throughout the study, the evolution of soil pH, total and available (DTPA-extractable) heavy metals content (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb and Cd), electrical conductivity (EC), soluble sulphates and plant growth and heavy metal uptake were followed. The study indicates that: (1) soil acidification, due to the oxidation of metallic sulphides in the soil, increased heavy metal bioavailability; (2) liming succeeded in controlling the soil acidification; and (3) the organic materials generally promoted fixation of heavy metals in non-available soil fractions, with Cu bioavailability being particularly affected by the organic treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024288505979
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the Heavy Metal Pollution Effects on the Soil Respiration in the Baix Llobregat (Catalonia, NE Spain) (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 301-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: biological activity ofsoil ; constant-pressure volumetric respirometer ; heavy metals ; respirometry methods ; soil ; soil degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A main goal of investigations is to determine could a soilrespiration be an indicator of the soil pollution. In this case a measured levelof the soil oxygen consumption depends of its pollution. It alsomeans that the pollution reduces biological processes in edaphon.Investigated soil samples were taken from polluted andnon-polluted places in the Baix Llobregat near Barcelona (Catalonia, NE Spain). Soil samples were taken from the top ofsoil (0–5 cm) without a litter. Soil analysis were done, determining percentage shares of coarsefragments, coarse sand, fine sand, coarse silt, fine silt, clay,CaCO3, organic matter as well as water pH and conductivityCE (1:5 [mS cm-1]). Also were determined (in mg kg-1)quantities of heavy metals, as Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, V, Cu, Cd, Pb.The soil respiration was investigated in temperatures15 and 30 °C and with controlled humidity.The respiration in 30 °C is number of times greater thenin 15 °C both for polluted and non-polluted soils.Particularly high coefficients of correlation between the soilrespiration and soil pollution in polluted soils were obtainedfor Pb: r = 0.75 in 15 °C and r = 0.98 in30 °C; for Ba: 0.90 and 0.57; for V: 0.99 and 0.81. In non-polluted soils highest correlation coefficients are for Pb: r = 0.70 in 15 °C; Fe: 0.60 and 0.72; Al: 0.68 and0.64; Mn: 0.51 and 0.66; Ba: 0.63 and 0.61; Cr: 0.94 and0.70; Ni: 0.64 and 0.65; Cu: 0.69 and 0.48; as well as V: 0.62in 15 °C; and Cd: 0.69 in 15 °C.This way the soil respiration could be a good indicator of the soil pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006105329210
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy Metal Transport from Dredged Sediment Derived Surface Soils in a Laboratory Rainfall Simulation Experiment (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 118 (2000), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: heavy metals ; leaching ; mobility ; surface runoff ; percolation ; rainfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Heavy metals in dredged sedimentdisposal sites may be transported through runoff andpercolation. In the present study metal fluxes byrunoff and percolation were determined under simulatedrainfall at a slope of 19% and a rainfall intensityof approximately 40 mm h-1. These circumstancescorrespond to half the mean annual erosivity of rainunder Belgian weather conditions. Surface runoff andpercolating water samples were analysed for suspendedsolids, total dissolved carbon and Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn.Runoff rate and sediment yields were highest for asilt loam sediment, characterised by a low clay andorganic matter content. Metal concentrations in runoffand percolating water varied widely between thesediments studied and were related to the total metalcontent in the sediment. In runoff and percolatingwater from the contaminated sediments, metalconcentrations strongly exceeded the Netherlands Areference values for ground water quality. Very highmetal fluxes were observed for the recently oxidiseddredged sediment. Metal transport per unit surfacearea through percolating water was from two to morethan twenty times greater than that in surface runoff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005140726372
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in Contamination by Heavy Metals: Sampling Implications (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 120 (2000), S. 29-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: geostatistics ; heavy metals ; samplingdesign ; soil contamination ; spatial variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The choice of a sampling design forassessing soil contamination is a key issue. The leveland spatial pattern of contaminants needs to be takeninto account by those buying, selling or developingsuch land. This paper evaluates sampling design andsize in order to provide satisfactory and efficientestimates of contamination levels. Geostatisticalmethods are used to quantify the spatial dependence ofheavy metals. Semivariance is calculated forlog-transformed data to minimise the effects ofextreme outliers. Several models at different samplingstages are presented for characterising spatialpattern of heavy metals at the investigated site.Variogram models are calculated for a range of samplesizes. The results are assessed by a jack-knifingtechnique and then used for block kriging. The overallconclusion is that a sample size of 50 to 60 isoptimal for characterising variability incontamination levels at an old industrial site of 6.25 ha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005261522465
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Heavy Metals in Near-Shore Sediments of the Swan River Estuary, Western Australia (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 124 (2000), S. 155-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: cadmium ; copper ; estuarine sediments ; heavy metals ; lead ; sequential extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Estuarine systems adjacent to urban areas are at risk of contamination by contaminants from anthropogenic sources, such as heavy metals. We anticipated that the sediments of the Swan River estuary, which runs through metropolitan Perth in Western Australia, would show metal contamination related to industrialization and inputs of stormwater. Total Cu, Pb and Cd concentrations, and Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn inoperationally-defined fractions, were determined inseparate sampling exercises in near-shore sediments ofthe upper Swan River estuary.Total metal concentrations in sediments were not high (maximum values of 297 mg kg-1 for Cu, 184 mg kg-1 for Pb and 0.9 mg kg-1 for Cd) when compared with Australian environmental assessmentguidelines for soils. On the basis of linear regressions between sediment metal concentrations andphysicochemical properties of the sediments (pH, organic carbon, particle size distribution), no single parameter could explain the variation in metal concentrations for all metals. Sediment organic carbon content was positively correlated with Cu concentration; Cu concentrations also increased significantly with increasing clay content anddecreasing sand content. Pb concentrations showed a significant increase with increasing sediment pH, and were approximately three-fold higher in sediments adjacent to stormwater drain outfalls than in sediments remote from drains; no such effect was observed for Cu or Cd. No effect of distance downstream was observed. Sequential extraction of sediments showed that most of the metals were in relatively immobile forms, for example bound to Feoxides, or only extractable by aqua regia. The enhanced concentrations of Pb near stormwater outfalls suggest that vehicle-derived Pb may be an important contributor of Pb to the estuary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005289203825
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Epiphytic Lichens Near a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (Central Italy) (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 361-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: biomonitoring ; heavy metals ; Italy ; lichens ; waste incineration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The epiphytic lichen Parmelia caperata was usedas biomonitor in the area of a municipal solid wasteincinerator (Poggibonsi, central Italy) to investigatethe levels and the spatial distribution of the heavymetals Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn. Levels ofAl, Cu and Hg were similar to those in unpollutedareas, whereas high values were found for Cr, Zn andespecially Cd. The distribution pattern of the lastthree metals and the exponential relationship of theirconcentrations with distance from the incinerator,showed that the disposal plant is a local source ofatmospheric pollution due to Cd, Cr and Zn. For thesemetals, long-term hazard should be seriously taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006117731936
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Iron, Nickel and Cobalt on Bacterial Activity and Dynamics During Anaerobic Oxidation of Organic Matter (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 117 (2000), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: anaerobic bacteria ; heavy metals ; organic matter ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The present study reports on the effect of Fe2+, Ni2+ and CO2+ on anaerobic bacterial activity and dynamics during anaerobic mineralization of organic matter. Fe2+ stimulated biogas yield and methane content at 37 °C, but inhibited same marginally at low temperatures (10 and 20 °C). Ni2+ and CO2+ inhibited methane production; the toxicity increased with decreasing temperature. Fe2+ stimulated sulfate reducing bacterial (SRB) and methane producing bacterial (MPB) counts while Ni2+ and CO2+ inhibited the same. All the metals had no effect on obligate proton reducing bacterial (OPRB) counts. Fe2+ stimulated, Ni2+ severely and CO2+ appreciably inhibited H2 uptake and acetate/propionate utilization irrespective of presence/absence of sulfate. Thus, Ni2+ and CO2+ inhibited the overall anaerobic degradative process by inhibiting SRB and MPB activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005100924609
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Marine Mussel Perna perna (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilidae) as an Indicator of Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Ubatuba Bay, SÃo Paulo, Brazil (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 118 (2000), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: biomonitoring ; Brazilian coast ; heavy metals ; mussel ; Perna perna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Heavy metal levels were determined in marine mussels Perna perna collected from Ubatuba Bay, northern coast of the State of SãoPaulo, Brazil, during the period from January toOctober 1995. The objective of the present study wasto analyze the seasonal concentrations of some metalsof toxicological interest (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn) inUbatuba Bay using the bivalve Perna perna(Linnaeus, 1758) as a biological monitor. Collectionswere performed at three month intervals at Itaguábeach. In the laboratory, the frozen specimens werethawed at room temperature, removed from their shells,partially dried on filter paper, weighed andindividually submitted to acid digestion with sulfuricacid and hidrogen peroxide. The analyses for thedetection of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn were carried out byflame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The resultsshowed higher metal accumulation during July. Thevalues detected for Pb and Cr were relatively high inall seasons, especially in January and July (vacationperiods) in Ubatuba Bay, with the consequent risk ofcontamination by mussel ingestion for the localpopulation and for tourists from other regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005109801683
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy Metal Concentrations in Gray Calcareous Soils of Baiyin Region, Gansu Province, P.R. China (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 118 (2000), S. 131-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Baiyin urban area ; cultivated graycalcareous soil ; heavy metals ; historical trend of pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper(Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and nickel(Ni) were measured in cultivated gray calcareous soilscollected in the two basins of Baiyin urban area. Thevalues revealed fluctuating and enriched Cd, Pb, Cuand Zn concentrations in the cultivated soils,suggesting recent inputs from anthropogenic sources.There also existed differences between these twodrainage areas, indicating the characteristics ofpollution sources differed. Concentrations of Cd, Pband to a lesser extent Cu and Zn were higher in thisregion as compared with the micrometal backgroundvalues in gray calcareous soil, which may beattributed to the proximity of these soil sites tocontaminated streams, or to the utilization offarmyard manure or fertilizers. Comparison of obtainedmetal concentration levels with other areas in theworld revealed elevated values for Cd and Pb, showinga considerable amount of pollution in the area.Continuous monitoring and further studies of the areaare recommended to ascertain long-term effect that mayhave not yet been reached and to prevent pollution offarmland from worsening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005135618750
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of Municipal Waste Incineration to Trace Metal Deposition on the Vicinity (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 119 (2000), S. 295-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: air pollution ; atmosphere deposition ; fly ash ; heavy metals ; incineration ; major and trace elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Because municipal solid waste incineration is onepotential source of air pollution, the incinerationindustry has provoked great public concern, especiallyfor areas within 10–20 km of an incinerator. However,little work has been done to evaluate whetheran incinerator significantly contributes pollutants to nearbyareas. Rain and snow samples were collected at eightlocations distributed in a semi-circular patternradiating out in the prevailing wind direction fromthe Claremont incinerator, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Sodium, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Al, B, Sr, Ba, Pb, Cr, Cd, V, Ni, Mn, As,Co, Cu, and Zn were analyzed in the solutions of rain and snowand in particulate fractions of rain samples. Principal component analysis was used toidentify the most important sources of atmosphericdeposition in an attempt to identify the contributionof heavy metal deposition due to the incinerator. Analyses show that the predominant sources of metaldeposition are very different for fall and winter. The most important source of metals for the rainsamples collected in fall 1996 is soil dust, but forthe snow samples collected in the winter 1997 isprobably coalfired fly ash. The Claremont incineratorcontributes less than 20% of the total variance of theelemental concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005211320637
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Water Acidity and Metal Concentration on Accumulation and Within-Plant Distribution of Metals in the Aquatic Bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 120 (2000), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acidity ; Ca ; extra-intracellular ; F. antipyretica ; heavy metals ; K ; Mg ; transplants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract With the aim of investigating the effects of wateracidity and metal concentrations on the accumulationof heavy metals by aquatic bryophytes, batches of Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. were transplanted froma clean site to one of four sites with characteristicsranging from clean to severely contaminated (highacidity and high heavy metal concentrations). After 1–35 days, metal levels were determined in theextracellular and intracellular compartments of thetransplanted material. The results show that heavymetal uptake is clearly lower in acid waters than innear-neutral waters, possibly due to competitivedisplacement of metal cations from extracellularbinding sites and membrane transport proteins byprotons. The reduced accumulation is particularlymarked in the extracellular compartment; theintracellular compartment shows rapid accumulation oflarge amounts of metal, followed by equally rapidrelease. The effects of heavy metals and acidity onphysiology were also investigated, on the basis oflevels of the essential cations potassium (K),magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in the extracellularand intracellular compartments. Bryophytestransplanted to the severely contaminated sites showedloss of intracellular K (indicating altered membranepermeability), loss of extracellular Mg, and loss ofboth extra- and intracellular Ca (implying damage tothe cell wall).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005200932035
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Various Digestion and Extraction Procedures in Analysis of Heavy Metals in Sediments (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 118 (2000), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acetic acid extraction ; aqua regiadigestion ; heavy metals ; sediments ; total digestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Sediment analysis is very important ininvestigations of the heavy metal burden in theenvironment. In the present work various digestion andextraction procedures were evaluated in order toassess the extent of contamination with heavy metalsin sediments from the Moste hydroelectric reservoir.Total acid dissolution, aqua regia digestion andacetic acid extraction procedures were applied tosamples. Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu and Cr were determinedby flame or electrothermal atomic absorptionspectrometry (FAAS, ETAAS) under optimized measurementconditions. A comparison of total acid dissolutionincluding hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment and theaqua regia soluble fraction was made to estimatethe applicability of aqua regia digestion inanalysis of total metal concentrations in sediments.In general, good agreement of the results was observedfor Co, Pb, Cu and Zn, however for Cr, Ni and Cdsignificantly lower results were obtained in the aqua regia soluble fraction. In addition, an extraction procedure using 25% v/v acetic acid wasapplied for estimation of the extent of contaminationwith heavy metals originating from anthropogenicactivities. The results indicate that the sedimentsupstream of the reservoir are not contaminated, whilethe sediments from the hydroelectric reservoir showsa significant anthropogenic input of Ni, Zn and Pb,which corresponds well with pollution sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005187602820
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Early Mining and Smelting on the Local Tropospheric Aerosol Detected in Ombrotrophic Peat Bogs in the Harz, Germany (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 121 (2000), S. 93-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: atmospheric deposition ; Harz ; heavy metals ; ombrotrophic peat bogs ; Sphagnum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Chemical analyses of dated ombrotrophicpeat cores from the Sonnenberger Moor, Harz, Germany,were done to determine the effect of early mining andsmelting on the tropospheric aerosol. Elementalconcentrations in peat were determined using XRF. Pb,Cu and Zn enrichment factors (EFs), and Pb and Cu fluxes were calculated. The results show that theconcentration of Pb and Cu as well as the calculatedPb and Cu EFs closely follow changes in the activitiesof man, especially those of the history of mining andsmelting. In contrast to Zn which seems to besubjected to post-depositional migration, Cu appearsto be immobile. Elevated Pb and Cu emissions, due tomining activities, can be followed back topre-Medieval times. These findings were supported byother studies in the vicinity or in the SonnenbergerMoor itself, all revealing the strong impact ofprimitive mining and smelting on the local aerosol.Thus peat cores from ombrotrophic bogs are very usefulfor quantifying temporal changes in metal emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005253716497
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