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  • Articles  (92,523)
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  • Articles  (92,523)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 5 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper illustrates an application of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression (PLS) and generalized procrustes analysis (GPA) to evaluate the ability of a trained group of assessors to perceive rancidity in foods.PCA and regression PLS were utilized to determine to which extent sensory attributes capture the information perceived by a trained sensory panel, and if this can be developed into a predictive model for rancidity in sausages.The data were submitted to a GPA to obtain a map of the products for each subject as compared with a consensus products map. Assessors plots for the sensory attributes were also obtained to reveal the dissimilarities between panelists and to explore clustering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 5 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Understanding the tactile feel of paper, nonwoven, and woven products requires a valid and reliable sensory evaluation method which discriminates and describes handfeel properties. The Handfeel Spectrum Descriptive Analysis method separates the sensory tactile properties of paper and fabrics into clearly defined characteristics that are based on sound physical properties. The benefit of using a trained descriptive sensory panel is that resulting analytical sensory data allow full documentation of a sample's sensory tactile properties that can be related to consumer responses and instrumental physical tests. This benefit derives from strict protocols for manipulation and the use of precisely defined terms to discriminate and describe the qualitative properties (characteristics) and their relative intensities (strength) in each product. This paper discusses in detail the protocols for (1) sample preparation, presentation, and handling during evaluation, (2) the definition and scale range for each sensory attribute/characteristic and (3) the application of these data to address business and technical situations with consumer products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 5 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this investigation was to compare two sampling methods (expectoration and ingestion) of single component water solutions (sweet—5% sucrose, sour—0.006% citric acid, bitter—0.027% caffeine, salty—0.325% sodium chloride) using time-intensity (T-I) evaluations. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate significant differences. There were subject inconsistencies for the recording times (RT) of sucrose, caffeine and sodium chloride tastes among the sampling methods. No panel differences were found for citric acid duration (RT) between ingested or expectorated samples. Individual contradictions for amplitude sucrose and sodium chloride mixtures were apparent however, the panel demonstrated no differences among the amplitude means between the sampling methods for citric acid and caffeine solutions. Aftertastes for ingested sodium chloride solutions were significantly (P 〈 0.01) greater than for expectorated samples whereas sampling techniques had no effect upon caffeine aftertastes. Individual contradictions were apparent for citric acid and sucrose aftertastes between the sampling methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The umami taste concept for a group of judges was measured by a categorization task with food stimuli. The concept was defined to the judges in two ways: first, by verbal description and second, by presenting the judges with standard stimuli: broths made from kombu, katsuobushi and shiitake. The concepts obtained in both instances were close, both for Japanese and American judges. Thus, the umami term could be communicated relatively accurately in sales and marketing without the need for physical standards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Black pepper powder (60 mesh) was stored in consumer unit packs of 100g capacity in low density polyethylene (LDPE) films of 100, 300, and 500 gauge at 27°C and 65% RH. Analyses for sensory quality (odor and flavor), volatile oil, oleoresin, piperine content, and TLC were carried out at 15, 30, 45 and 80 days of storage. Significant loss of “top notes”, volatile oil, and hydrocarbons were seen after 15 days of storage itself while the “basic notes” and oxygenated compounds were retained up to 45 days. There was no loss of piperine up to the end of the study. The black pepper powder was not fit for table use after 15 days, though it could be used for other culinary purposes up to 80 days of storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Graphics programs were developed using SAS® (Statistical Analysis System) for descriptive analysis sensory data. The routines allow the operator to generate publication quality polar coordinate plots (“cobweb” diagrams), and principal component plots from simple data files.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous measurement of degree of liking for chocolate milk varying in milkfat (0–36%) showed significant fluctuations over the 80 s test period. For 17 judges, samples with intermediate fat levels received maximum liking 20–30 s after placement in the mouth then declined to neutral (neither like nor dislike). The nonfat sample gave a flat, neutral response across time while the 36% fat sample was initially neutral, reached maximum dislike at approximately 20 s then gradually returned to neutral. For 5 judges, increasing degree of liking was expressed for increasing fat levels. For both groups, maximum and minimum time-intensity (T-I) measurements correlated significantly with results from conventional hedonic scaling on a 20-cm line. Degree of liking was unaffected by swallowing or expectorating samples by either T-I or scaling. Thus, similar to perceived intensity, hedonic responses are not static, but show systematic changes during tasting, i.e., from the time the sample is placed into the mouth, through expectoration (or swallowing) until a steady (usually neutral) state is reached.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flavor cannot be measured directly by instruments, it is an interaction of consumer and product. A gas chromatogram, even with 250 peaks on it, does not say anything about the flavor, only about the volatiles. In some cases a character impact compound might be present, in a second group of products a small number of compounds may be responsible for the majority of the flavor, while a third class contains more complex foods, which have generally been processed in some way. A range of methods has been, more or less, successfully used to try to link composition data to flavor data, including the calculation of odor units, fractionation of chromatographic effluent, “nasal appraisal” of chromatographic effluent, and a range of multivariate statistical procedures. However, defects in understanding of the mechanism of operation of the chemical senses has limited the success which has been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 9 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Computerized panel training with graphic feedback showed significant feedback effects for magnitude estimation judgments of sweet and sour taste intensities. Context effects still existed but were reduced after training with or without feedback for both line scale and magnitude estimation scaling methods. Following a 2-week period of inactivity, context effects tended to increase. These results suggest implications for current descriptive panel training and maintenance activities.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 9 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Developing peanut breeding strategies for roasted peanut flavor improvement requires that roasting be to an optimum and effects of negative environmental exposure be to a minimum. In practice it is difficult to achieve these conditions. However, statistical adjustments are possible. To ascertain the proper adjustments, surface response equations were determined relating roast color and fruity attribute scores to roasted peanut attribute score. Fruity attribute had a depressing effect on roasted peanut attribute score. Similarly, underroasting as well as overroasting led to reduced roasted peanut attribute scores. Adjusting for genotype and location had nonsignificant effects on mean optimal roast color or linear equation slope values of the fruity-roasted peanut relationship. With these findings a method for maximization of roasted peanut values was developed using a modified SAS routine. Although the capability to estimate the roasted peanut flavor of a sample with optimal roasting and environmental effects has several potential applications, our specific application is to evaluate parentage contribution to flavor enhancement or flavor reduction.
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