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  • Springer  (564,144)
  • Institute of Physics  (255,947)
  • Springer Nature  (169,148)
  • 2020-2022  (276,662)
  • 2010-2014  (712,577)
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  • 1
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    Bioluminescence in deep-sea isidid gorgonians from the Cape Verde archipelago (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Clay minerals as indicators of late Quaternary sedimentation constraints in the Mendeleev Rise, Amerasian Basin, Arctic Ocean (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-01
    Description: The results of study of six cores taken from different morphostructural zones in the Mendeleev Ridge area are discussed. Average contents of minerals of the illite group, chlorite, kaolinite, and smectite are about 60, 21, 12, and 5%, respectively. It was found that fluctuations of minerals along the section correlate with variations in sedimentation constraints in the Late Quaternary. Peaks of kaolinite usually coincide with increased contents of the sand fraction, probably, due to its delivery by icebergs. In contrast, illite shows good correlation with the pelite fraction, testifying to its transport mainly by ices and currents. Minerals of the chlorite and smectite groups in the studied cores are less informative.
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  • 3
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    Analysis of the effects of climate-dependent factors on the formation of zooplankton communities that inhabit arctic lakes in the Anabar River Basin (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-31
    Description: The major structural characteristics of zooplankton communities that inhabit 35 Arctic lakes in the catchment basin of the Anabar River (Yakutia) have been analyzed. The ecological state of the lakes has been evaluated. The structure-forming abiotic factors that have the greatest influence on the formation of zooplankton communities have been revealed using the indirect ordination method.
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  • 4
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    Oxygen variance and meridional oxygen supply in the Tropical North East Atlantic oxygen minimum zone (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: The distribution of the mean oceanic oxygen concentration results from a balance between ventilation and consumption. In the eastern tropical Pacific and Atlantic, this balance creates extended oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) at intermediate depth. Here, we analyze hydrographic and velocity data from shipboard and moored observations, which were taken along the 23°W meridian cutting through the Tropical North East Atlantic (TNEA) OMZ, to study the distribution and generation of oxygen variability. By applying the extended Osborn–Cox model, the respective role of mesoscale stirring and diapycnal mixing in producing enhanced oxygen variability, found at the southern and upper boundary of the OMZ, is quantified. From the well-ventilated equatorial region toward the OMZ core a northward eddy-driven oxygen flux is observed whose divergence corresponds to an oxygen supply of about 2.4 μmol kg−1 year−1 at the OMZ core depth. Above the OMZ core, mesoscale eddies act to redistribute low- and high-oxygen waters associated with westward and eastward currents, respectively. Here, absolute values of the local oxygen supply 〉10 μmol kg−1 year−1 are found, likely balanced by mean zonal advection. Combining our results with recent studies, a refined oxygen budget for the TNEA OMZ is derived. Eddy-driven meridional oxygen supply contributes more than 50 % of the supply required to balance the estimated oxygen consumption. The oxygen tendency in the OMZ, as given by the multidecadal oxygen decline, is maximum slightly above the OMZ core and represents a substantial imbalance of the oxygen budget reaching about 20 % of the magnitude of the eddy-driven oxygen supply.
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  • 5
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    Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Response to Idealized External Forcing (2012)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: The response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to idealized external (solar) forcing is studied in terms of the internal (unforced) AMOC modes with the Kiel Climate Model (KCM), a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice general circulation model. The statistical investigation of KCM’s internal AMOC variability obtained from a multi-millennial control run yields three distinct modes: a multi-decadal mode with a period of about 60 years, a quasi-centennial mode with a period of about 100 years and a multi-centennial mode with a period of about 300–400 years. Most variance is explained by the multi-centennial mode, and the least by the quasi-centennial mode. The solar constant varies sinusoidally with two different periods (100 and 60 years) in forced runs with KCM. The AMOC response to the external forcing is rather complex and nonlinear. It involves strong changes in the frequency structure of the variability. While the control run depicts multi-timescale behavior, the AMOC variability in the experiment with 100 year forcing period is channeled into a relatively narrow band centered near the forcing period. It is the quasi-centennial AMOC mode with a period of just under 100 years which is excited, although it is heavily damped in the control run. Thus, the quasi-centennial mode retains its period which does not correspond exactly to the forcing period. Surprisingly, the quasi-centennial mode is also most strongly excited when the forcing period is set to 60 years, the period of the multi-decadal mode which is rather prominent in the control run. It is largely the spatial structure of the forcing rather than its period that determines which of the three internal AMOC modes is excited. The results suggest that we need to understand the full modal structure of the internal AMOC variability in order to understand the circulation’s response to external forcing. This could be a challenge for climate models: we cannot necessarily expect that the response to external forcing is realistically captured by a model, even if only strongly damped modes are not well represented that do not account for much variance under present-day conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Marine proxy evidence linking decadal North Pacific and Atlantic climate (2012)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: Decadal- to multidecadal variability in the extra-tropical North Pacific is evident in 20th century instrumental records and has significant impacts on Northern Hemisphere climate and marine ecosystems. Several studies have discussed a potential linkage between North Pacific and Atlantic climate on various time scales. On decadal time scales no relationship could be confirmed, potentially due to sparse instrumental observations before 1950. Proxy data are limited and no multi-centennial high-resolution marine geochemical proxy records are available from the subarctic North Pacific. Here we present an annually-resolved record (1818–1967) of Mg/Ca variations from a North Pacific/Bering Sea coralline alga that extends our knowledge in this region beyond available data. It shows for the first time a statistically significant link between decadal fluctuations in sea-level pressure in the North Pacific and North Atlantic. The record is a lagged proxy for decadal-scale variations of the Aleutian Low. It is significantly related to regional sea surface temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in late boreal winter on these time scales. Our data show that on decadal time scales a weaker Aleutian Low precedes a negative NAO by several years. This atmospheric link can explain the coherence of decadal North Pacific and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, as suggested by earlier studies using climate models and limited instrumental data.
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  • 7
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    Post-glacial time series of explosive eruptions and associated changes in the magma plumbing system of Lonquimay Volcano, South Central Chile (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: The Lonquimay volcanic complex (LVC) in the high Southern Andes comprises a stratocone and NE-trending flank-cone alignments. Numerous effusive and explosive volcanic eruptions characterize its post-glacial magmatic activity. Our tephrostratigraphic record, pre-dating the four historically documented eruptions, comprises 22 dated pyroclastic deposits that are used to constrain repose time distribution and eruption probability of the LVC magmatic system. Statistical examination of the stratigraphy-based eruption time series yields probabilities of 20–50 % for at least one explosive (VEI ≥ 3) eruption within the next 100 years as of 2011. The tephra deposits are subdivided into three petrographic groups: a felsic group (Lonquimay colored-pumice tephra, LCPT), an intermediate population (Lonquimay gray pumice tephra, LGPT), and a mafic member (Lonquimay dark scoria tephra, LDST). The distribution of these petrographic groups through the LVC tephrostratigraphy is linked to the observed changes in repose times. LDST-deposits as well as deposits compositionally zoned from LCPT to LGPT dominate the lower part of the stratigraphy for which recurrence times are short (RTmean = 417 ± 169a). Deposits younger than 6,000 b2k (years before 2000 AD) have dominantly LCPT and minor LDST compositions, no longer contain LGPT, and repose times are significantly longer (RTmean = 1,350 ± 310a). We interpret the change in eruption regime to result from a rearrangement in the magma storage and plumbing system. Thermobarometric calculations based on cpx–liquid equilibria and amphibole compositions reveal three distinct magma storage levels: the mafic LDST derive from mid crustal storage (P mean = 476 ± 95 MPa, T mean = 1,073 ± 24 °C), felsic LCPT mainly erupted from upper-crustal level (P mean = 86 ± 49 MPa, T mean = 936 ± 24 °C), whereas LGPT samples yield intermediate storage depths (P mean = 239 ± 100 MPa, T mean = 1,013 ± 17 °C). Magma contributions from this intermediate reservoir are restricted to 〉6,000 b2k when the Lonquimay plumbing system was in a regime of short repose times; disappearance of the intermediate reservoir coincides with the change to longer repose times between eruptions.
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  • 8
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    Improved Approximation Algorithm for the Number of Queries Necessary to Identify a Permutation (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-03
    Description: In the past three decades, deductive games have become interesting from the algorithmic point of view. Deductive games are two players zero sum games of imperfect information. The first player, called "codemaker", chooses a secret code and the second player, called "codebreaker", tries to break the secret code by making as few guesses as possible, exploiting information that is given by the codemaker after each guess. A well known deductive game is the famous Mastermind game. In this paper, we consider the so called Black-Peg variant of Mastermind, where the only information concerning a guess is the number of positions in which the guess coincides with the secret code. More precisely, we deal with a special version of the Black-Peg game with n holes and k 〉= n colors where no repetition of colors is allowed. We present a strategy that identifies the secret code in O(n log n) queries. Our algorithm improves the previous result of Ker-I Ko and Shia-Chung Teng (1985) by almost a factor of 2 for the case k = n. To our knowledge there is no previous work dealing with the case k 〉 n. Keywords: Mastermind; combinatorial problems; permutations; algorithms
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  • 9
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    A New QEA Computing Near-Optimal Low-Discrepancy Colorings in the Hypergraph of Arithmetic Progressions (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-03
    Description: We present a new quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm, the attractor population QEA (apQEA). Our benchmark problem is a classical and difficult problem from Combinatorics, namely finding low-discrepancy colorings in the hypergraph of arithmetic progressions on the first n integers, which is a massive hypergraph (e.g., with approx. 3.88 ×1011 hyperedges for n = 250 000). Its optimal low-discrepancy coloring bound is known and it has been a long-standing open problem to give practically and/or theoretically efficient algorithms. We show that apQEA outperforms known QEA approaches and the classical combinatorial algorithm (Sárközy 1974) by a large margin. Regarding practicability, it is also far superior to the SDP-based polynomial-time algorithm of Bansal (2010), the latter being a breakthrough work from a theoretical point of view. Thus we give the first practical algorithm to construct optimal colorings in this hypergraph, up to a constant factor. We hope that our work will spur further applications of Algorithm Engineering to Combinatorics.
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  • 10
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    Can monitoring data contribute to the biodiversity-ecosystem function debate? Evaluating data from a highly dynamic ecosystem (2014)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Biodiversity and Conservation, Springer Nature, 23(2), pp. 405-419, ISSN: 0960-3115
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    Publication Date: 2023-09-22
    Description: One of the most controversially discussed topics in current biodiversity-ecosystem function research is the transfer of results from experimental and theoretical studies to natural ecosystems. At the same time, monitoring data on biodiversity are requested as key indicators for the state of an ecosystem in most environmental evaluation frameworks. We analyse two monitoring data sets comprising information on abundance and biomass of macrozoobenthos communities in the German Wadden Sea in order to evaluate how much information monitoring data on biodiversity provide concerning ecosystem functioning and what implications this information (or the lack thereof) has for future monitoring programmes. Our results show a positive correlation between number of species of macrozoobenthos and its standing stock. Despite differences in overall biomass and individual size in different functional groups, this correlation remained consistent for different feeding guilds and therefore is likely to be independent of certain species traits. Moreover, functional turnover analyses indicate that increasing species richness is needed to maintain biomass levels over increasing periods of time. Whereas our data thus corroborate predictions from theory, we could not determine any causal relationships, because monitoring data commonly include only vague proxies for very few functional parameters, in our case standing biomass as a proxy for production. As to the use of diversity as an indicator for ecosystem functioning, we advise that management decisions are to be based on verified causal relationships and therefore strongly suggest the general incorporation of unambiguous proxies for functional parameters in the measuring campaigns of monitoring programmes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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